不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表

一、AAA. （原形，过去式和过去分词一致） 1. 花费cost cost cost 2. 割 cut cut cut

3. 伤害 hurt hurt hurt 4. 让 let let let 5. 放 put put put

6. 朗读 read read read 7. 设置、安置 set set set 8.打击，碰撞 hit hit hit 9.关上门窗 shut shut shut 10.让 let let let 二、ABB（过去式和过去分词一致）

1) 过去式、过去分词含有-ought

1. 带来 bring brought brought 2. 买 buy bought bought 3. 打架 fight fought fought 4. 想 think thought thought 5. 寻找、探究

seek sought sought 2) 过去式、过去分词含有-aught

5. 抓住 catch caught caught 6. 教 teach taught taught 3) 过去式、过去分词-t替换原形-d

7. 建筑 build built built 8. 借出 lend lent lent 9. 花费 spend spent spent 10.派遣 send sent sent 4) 过去式、过去分词在原形词尾加t或d 11. 学会 learn learnt/ed learnt/ed 12. 意思 mean meant meant 13. 燃烧 burn burnt/ed burnted 13. 做梦 dream dreamt/ed dreamt/ed 13. 处理 deal dealt dealt 14. 听 hear heard heard 5） 过去式、过去分词改为-ept 15. 保持 keep kept kept 16. 睡觉 sleep slept slept 17. 扫 sweep swept swept 6） 过去式、过去分词改为-elt

18. 感觉 feel felt fel

19. 嗅 smell smelt/ed smelt/ed 20. 拼写 spell spelt/ed spelt/ed

7) 过去式、过去分词改为-aid

20. 孵蛋 lay laid laid 21. 说 say said said 22. 支付 pay paid paid 8) 过去式、过去分词改为-old

23. 卖 sell sold sold 24. 告诉 tell told told 9) 过去式、过去分词改为-ood

25 站 stand stood stood 26.明白 understand understood understood 10) 其它变化

27.得到 get got got(gotten) 28.坐 sit sat sat

29.照顾 babysit babysat babysat 30.离开 leave left left 31.失去 lose lost lost 32.找到 find found found 33.有 have(has) had had 34.握住，召开 hold held held 35.制造 make made made 36.悬挂 hang hung hung 37.照耀 shine shone shone 39.赢 win won won 40逃跑 flee fled fled 41喂 feed fed fed 42.引导，导致 lead led led 43遇见 meet met met 三、ABA （过去式与原形一致）

1.变成 become became become 2. 来 come came come 3. 跑 run ran run

四、ABC （原形、过去式、过去分词各不一样）1). 过去分词在过去式或原形后加-n或-en 1. 击败 beat beat beaten 2. 破坏 break broke broken 3. 驾驶 drive drove driven 4. 吃 eat ate eaten 5. 落下 fall fell fallen 6. 给 give gave given 7. 生长 grow grew grown 8. 知道 know knew known 9. 吹 blow blew blown

10. 扔 throw threw thrown 11. 展示 show showed shown 12.弄错，错误 mistake mistook mistaken 13. 拿 take took taken 14.摇动 shake shook shaken 15. 说 speak spoke spoken 16. 选择 choose chose chosen 2) 三种形式都有变化

1. 是 be( is, am, are ) was/were been 2. 开始begin began begun 3. 做 do did done 4. 喝 drink drank drunk

5. 飞 fly flew flown 6. 忘记 forget forgot forgotten(forgot) 7. 躺 lie lay lain

8. 骑 ride rode ridden 9. 打电话 ring rang rung 10. 唱 sing sang sung 11. 穿 wear wore worn

12. 游泳 swim swam swum 13. 写 write wrote written 14. 去 go went gone

Grammar

一、现在完成时的构成

现在完成时的构成：助动词 have (has)+动词的过去分词 过去分词的构成方法如下 :

A:1.一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加 –ed. worked answered obeyed wanted 2.以不发音的 -e 结尾的动词只加 –d. moved hoped divided

3.字尾是辅音+y的动词。则将y改i加ed. studied tidied satisfied

4.以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加 –ed. stopped regretted dropped B: Learn the verb list on P122. 二、现在完成时的用法

1、现在完成时的 \"完成用法\"

现在完成时的 \"完成用法\" 指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。 例如： He has turned off the light. 他已把灯关了。

( 动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况 -- 灯现在不亮了。)

现在完成时 \"完成用法\" 的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语 ( 如： already ， yet ， before ， recently 等 ) 、频度时间状语 ( 如： never ， ever ， once 等 ) 、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语 ( 如： this morning / month / year... ， today 等 ) 连用。

例如： Have you found your pen yet ？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？ 2、现在完成时的 \" 未完成用法 \"

现在完成时的 \" 未完成用法 \" 指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。

例如：1. He has lived here since 1978/he moved here. 自从 1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿。 ( 动作起始于 1978 年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)

2. I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我在已经呆了五年多了。 ( 动作开始于 5 年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)

此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语 ( 由 since 或 for 引导 ) ，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语 ( 如： up to now ， so far 到目前为止 ) 等。例如： I have heard nothing from him up to now.

到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。

三、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

(1) 一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是\" 助动词 have /has + 过去分词 \" 。

如： The film started at 7 o'clock. He has been a teacher for many years. (2) 一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如： yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002 等 ； 而现在完成时则常与 just, already, ever, never 等副词和 these days, this week, since..., for.../since...ago/ up to now/so far 等表示一段时间的状语连用。 (3 ) 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对 \" 现在 \" 产生的影响。

如：He visited Guilin in 1998. 他 1998 年参观过桂林。 ( 只说明去桂林的时间 ) 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如：Jill has bought a new computer. 吉尔买了一台新电脑。 ( 着重点是现在有了一台新电脑 )

看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？

(A) Have you seen the film? (B)Did you see the film?

[说明] 你看过这部电影吗？ (A) 句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解； (B) 句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。

(A) He has lived in Beijing for 8 years. (B) He lived in Beijing for 8 years.

[说明] 他在北京住了 8 年。 (A) 句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了 8 年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。 (B) 句讲的是他在北京住过 8 年，现在不在北京了。

初中英语被动语态的讲解如下：

一、什么是被动语态?

英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。”

二、被动语态的结构

那么，英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢?请看下面的例句(注意划线部分)：

His bicycle was stolen.

The building has been built in 2000.

通过上面的例句，可以看出，“被动语态”的构成是：

be + 过去分词 + (by+动作执行者)

三、被动语态的运用

什么情况下要用被动语态呢?一般地说，有下面几种情况：

(1) 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。例如：

Paper is made from wood. (纸是由木材生产出来的。)

The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. (这座房子太旧了。它是1950年建成的。)

He was wounded in the fight. (他在战斗在受伤了。)

Electricity is used to run machines. (电是用来开动机器的。)

(2) 需要强调动作的对象时。例如：

Calculator can't be used in the maths exam.

(计算器不能用于数学考试。)

Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. (阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。)

He was awarded first prize in that contest.

(他在比赛中获得了第一。)

(3)为了使语气婉转，避免提到是谁做的这件事。例如：

The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. (新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。)

四、各种时态的被动语态举例

一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下：

1、 一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词

Our classroom is cleaned every day.

This car is made in China.

2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词

His desk was cleaned just now.

The station was built in 1928.

3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词

A new factory is being built in our city now.

Some trees are being cut down in the park.

4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词

A new factory was being built in our city at that time.

Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.

5、一般将来时的被动语态:

(A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词

(B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词.

Some new factories will be built in our city this year.

Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.

6、过去将来时的被动语态: (1).would / should + be + 动词的过去分词 (2).was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词.

She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.

He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.

7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词

Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.

Your watch has been mended already.

8、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + 动词的过去分词

He said that some new factories had been built in the city.

I didn’t know that my watch had been mended .

9、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must + be + done

例如：He can not be found. / I must be paid for this.

五、如何将主动语态变成被动语态

1、从句子意义上说，就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。

例1.

主动语态：人们说英语。People speak English in many countries.

被动语态：英语被说。 English is spoken in many countries..

例2.

主动语态：我们造这座桥。We built this bridge last year.

被动语态：这座桥被建造。This bridge was built last year.

2、从语法的角度说，把原句的宾语改成主语。

例1.

主动语态：小王邀请你(宾语) Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.

被动语态：你(宾语)被邀请。 You has been invited to a lunch party by Xiao Wang.

例2.

主动语态：你不准带走杂志(宾语) You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.

被动语态：杂志(宾语)不准被带走.These magazines must not be taken out of the reading room.

例3.

主动语态：他们授给他(宾语)一枚奖章(宾语).They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.

被动语态：他(宾语)被授予一枚奖章. He was given a medal for his wonderful work.

被动语态：一枚奖章(宾语)被授给了他.A medal was given to him for his wonderful work.

A.熟记结构

被动语态的结构为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p)”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：

一般现在时：am/is/are+p.p.

一般过去时：was/were+p.p.

一般将来时：shall /will be +p.p.

现在完成时：have /has been +p.p.

现在进行时：am/is/are+being+p.p.

过去将来时：should /would be +p.p.

含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词+be+p.p.