高考英语主谓一致

高考英语主谓一致

主谓一致

主谓一致指句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数的形式上的一致关系。这种一致关系通常牵涉到三个不同的基本原则：

语法一致原则 句子主语和谓语动词在单复数形式上保持一致。

意义一致原则 句子主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于主语的单复数形式，而是取决于主语的单复数意义。

就近原则 当句子中有若干个并列主语出现，谓语动词的单复数形式由最靠近它的名词决定。

I.以 – s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致

II.集合名词作主语时的主谓一致

III.并列结构作主语时的主谓一致

IV.表示数量的名词短语作主语时的主谓一致

V.一些句型结构的主谓一致 （定语从句、存在句、强调句、名词性从句、非谓语形式作主语）

VI.其他结构中的主谓一致

I.以 – s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致

1.以 – s 结尾的表示体育活动的名词作主语

2.以 – ics 结尾的表示学科的名词作主语

3.以 – s 结尾的地理名词作主语

4.以 – s 结尾的由两部分组成的名词作主语

5.* 以 – ings结尾的动名词作主语

6.其他以 – s结尾的名词

II.集合名词作主语时的主谓一致

集合名词指的是同一类人或物的集合体，其中有的是复数含义，有的是不可数含义，有的根据不同的上下文，既可以有复数含义，也可以有单数含义。

1.通常用作复数的集合名词

这类名词包括people, police, cattle, *poultry, *vermin等。 在它们之后的谓语动词用复数形式。

e.g. The police aaurdattle provide us with milk and bPeople解释为“民族”时为单数形式，复数时词尾要加s。

e.g. There a-six peopla.

2.通常用作单数的集合名词

maquurnituandise, foliage等。在它们之后的谓语动词用单数形式。

e.g. Tandise has arrived earlier than expected.

All the maada.

3.既能作复数又能做单数的集合名词

这类名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式主要取决于集合名词在上下文中的具体含义。

当作主语的集合名词强调的是一个整体或组织，谓语动词用单数形式

当作主语的集合名词强调的是整体中的个体或成员，谓语动词用复数形式。

这类词有：uncil, association, board, govamily, audwd, clal, army, fld, village等。

e.g. Awas asked to investigaase. (强调委员会这一个整体)

Td of quite a few experts and scholars. (强调委员会这个组织)

The anti-wn hall. (强调委员会这个组织)

Tare divided(强调委员会中的每个委员)

Tare at dinner. (强调委员会中的每个委员)amily is a big one. (强调家庭这一个整体)amily are all diligent w(强调家庭中的所有成员)

The audience are raisingandw their approval. (谓语动词用复数形式，与their呼应，强调观众中的每个成员)

The claudents. (强调班级这个整体)

The class are unable to decide a(这里的class 强调班级中的每一个成员)

The herd of cows and calvalarm has hard. (强调牛群这一整体)

The herd of cows and calves are moving towards the barn. (强调牛群中的每一个个体)

The village were all aga(强调村庄里的村民们)

4.其他：

当主语是由a/ board/ panel of 构成的短语，谓语动词通常用单数形式。

e.g. Adecide wan get the degA panel of four has budgThe board of darganagany.

III.并列结构作主语时的主谓一致

1.用and或both … and … 连接的并列主语

当and 或both … and … 连接的并列主语表示的是两个或两个以上的人或物，谓语动词通常用复数形式；若所指的只是一个人或物，谓语动词通常用单数形式。

e.g. Blue and yellow make gu and I are good friends.

The great scholar andw dead.

The great scholar andare now dead

The hammer and sickle was flying from a tall flagpole.

Reading and solving equation aly dassiggg and milk is a good breakfast. (这里的鸡蛋和牛奶都指一顿早饭，不可分割)

Bread and buutritious. (涂有黄油的面包)

The candlestick and candle sells for two pounds.

即使并列主语的中心词是单数，如果表示的意义是复数，仍应用动词复数。

e.g. Secondary and higher education have been made availablwly-developed area.

What I say and think are no buu.

当and连接的并列名词带有each, every或者many a等限定词时，随后的动词常用单数形式。

e.g.Many a man and womauds himselld.

Every boy and girllass is given a2.用… or …… nor …,以及not only … but also … 等连接的并列主语

通常采用就近原则。

e.g. My falikely to be aublaag.

Not only Mary but also her bwere asked to singgs.

Neither Billds wdent of vNI know the truIV 表示数量的名词短语作主语

1.表示不定数量的名词短语作主语

some (of), a lot (of), lots (of), plenty (of), all (of), half (of)(of)ainder (of), most (of), none (of), heaps, load等。

我们经常根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的形式。

如果这些短语与可数名词复数连用，谓语动词就用复数

如果这些短语与不可数名词或可数名词单数连用，谓语动词就用单数。

如果这些数量词后面的名词省略了，我们要根据其意义判定谓语动词的单复数形式。

e.g. Some (of the desks) are b(urniture) is bTus aue the wTlLudents want to have aLas been wasted.

Hallectures deal wue of bl.

Hallecture deals wue of bludents are hard workingdamaged.

Nws up.

No twal如果主语是“分数/百分数+of+名词”，谓语动词的形式也取决于中心名词的单复数形式。

e.g.Two thirdwas destroyedwar.

Thirty-fivdoctors were female.

a number of + 名词复数 表示“许多…”，谓语动词用复数形式。umber of + 名词 表示“.…的数目”，谓语动词用单数形式。

e.g.A great numbudents have entredg.

The numbudents has doubled in two years.

2.表示时间和度量的名词短语通常作为一个整体看待, 谓语动词用单数形式

e.g. Twulong to waFifty pounds was paidat.

Five dadedair w如果此类名词短语强调的是其中的每个个体，谓语动词用复数形式。

e.g.There are six silver dollars in ea如果做主语的名词短语由“aaa pile of, a panel of, a kind of, aad/sort/”构成，无论中心名词的形式如何，谓语动词的形式通常都是单数。

e.g.Ta kindgardThis kind of peach is very juThis kind of strawbghly priced.

但是如果名词短语的结构为“复数名词 +d”，谓语动词用复数。

e.g. Pead are ju如果做主语的名词短语的形式为“these/d of +复数名词”,谓语动词用复数。

e.g. Td of peaches are very ju在“one in/ out of + 复数名词 ”这一结构后，谓语动词一般为单数形式。

e.gudents has failed the exaut of twenty was badly hurt.

5.由“many a + 单数名词”或者“more than one + 单数名词”组成的名词短语虽然在意义上是复数，但习惯上谓语动词用单数。

e.g.Many a way has bdan one game was laas trieddoor.

6.在由an average of, a ma构成的短语中，若中心词是average和majority，动词用单数；若中心词是他们后面的复数名词，动词用复数。

e.g.An average of 2apply eaAn average of 25 applications a’t unusual.

A mawn’s younger men are movingA mavwas recorded.

V.一些句型结构中的主谓一致

1.定语从句中的主谓一致

在“one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中，如果关系代词在定语从句中做主语，定语从句中的谓语通常用复数形式。

e.g.Tbest films, which have appeared in a long time.

在“the onl或者+ 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中，如果关系代词在定语从句中做主语，定语从句的动词用单数形式 。

e.g.Tlbest films that has pleasedHlboys who is willing to aa2.存在句中的主谓一致

存在句中谓语动词的单复数形式由靠近它的名词决定。

e.g.Tgrace and less carelTl-box and three boxbag强调句中的主谓一致名词性从句中的主谓一致非谓语形式做主语的主谓一致

VI.其他结构中的主谓一致

1.主语有肯定和否定组合而成时，谓语动词与肯定主语一致。

e.g.Not you but I am to blaIu, am to blame

Not he but you are to be fireduare to be fired.

2.请注意以下例中动词的单复数形式lerks as much as the manager wbllHe rather than his pablawan anyone elamily, is anxious to gaThe manager wlerks was working during the whole holidaThe father as well aldren is going to regBill together wwas huaccidThe truck along with all its goods was destroyed.

The barn, in adduse, was burned.

No one except two boys was late for d主谓一致gverb to fillblaur school, as well, aal nearby, __________(was / were) buil0s.

2.Nobody __________ (wants/ want)at horrible movWhat I say and think ________ (is/ are) no buuany a man ________ (has/ have)lp uTwo weeks __________ (is/ are) enough for uPluits, milk and vegetables ___________ (is needed/ are needed) for

healHakers who ____________ (makes his/ ma) ideas easily understoodalachers who _________ (has/ have) gw ideaThe numble invited __________ (was/ were)but a numb________ (was/ were) abvarious rea0.A numbldiers __________ (has/ have) gathered at the camp gaWe each _________ (has/ have) been given a g2.Each of us __________ (has/ have) been given a gIn the living room ___________ (is found/ are found) a large sofa and a book shelNot only I but also Tom and Tiffany ___________ (is/are) fondgWhat he will do _________ (has/ have) nothing to do wNeither Billarents __________ (is/ are )surprised awvery means _________ (has bd/ have bd) but without much resulPolitics ____________ (is/ are)licated to analThe Phil___________ (lies/ lie)uth-eaa.

20.Enougdata ___________ (has/ have) been collected.

21.Two-third__________ (was ruined/ were ruined)lood.

22.I have been workingany for a year already. Howev__________ (was passed/ were passed)2an one girl _________ (was/ were) missingdlast w24.The numbachers _______________ (is/ are) never under 100l.

25.Not only he but also I _________ (am/ is/ are) to answaccid26.All but one ___________ (was/ were) here just now.

27.Jack as well as his two friends _________ (is/ are) worth teaching.

28.Writingand articles ___________ (is/are) what my fa29.Her family ________

(is/are) quite well except that her uncle has been ill.

30.Many a man and many a woman __________ (wishes/wish) thaad had better educavery policeman and fireman ___________ (was/ were) on al2.This glass works ___________ (was/were) put u0Nagabook __________ (is/are) allowed to be taken ouading-Dr. Hendrik, together wwife and daughters, _________ (is/are) to arrivvening fligvery book exwo ___________ (has/ have) been soldverybody, men and women, old and young, ___________ (enjoys/ enjoy)and gaNot only you but also Tom _________ (has/ have) made such a mistaThe surroundinguse ___________ (is/ are) faleaa__________ (is/ are)ugw0.Lubbish ________ (is/are) thrown away every daThe madoctors ___________ (believes/ believe) smoking is harmful to heal2.Thirty-five hundred dollars __________ (was/ were)a single night, which _______ (was/ were) unbelievablTand________ (is/are) to attend ougThe police __________ (is/are) searching everybody at the gaThree fouurfalake _________ (is/ are) covered wxgw studx___________ (is/are) girl_________ (Is/Are)ve minutes enougu to g?All that can be done __________ (has/have) been dAnywau who __________ (has/have) the right to decid0.Jalw

girls

that

__________

(speaks/

speak)wellvud___________

(is/are)untrysid2.Three-fouwork ____________ (has/ have) bd todalddl ___________ (has/have) been repairedThe total numbulaa ___________ (was/were) 1,100 million on Aprilan 60world’s programmes ___________ (is/are) in EnglThose who ________ (has/have) not handedlease handaabest studlass who ________ (is/are) praised baThe whole class __________ (is/are) listening to teacher attentivelThe sub___________ (has/ have) alwad0.The United States of America ________ (is/are)developed couworldIn winter wet clothes __________ (is/are)ung up near a2.Nobody ___________ (is/are) allowedaTagazines __________ (was/ were) sold out

within half an houA large numbudur class ___________ (is/are) girlThe numbudl ____________ (is/are) not largThe Leaguary and__________ (was/were) asked to make aagary as well a__________ (studies/study)aI, who _________(am/is/are) your teacher, willblp you with your studT________ (is/are) not always ha0.John has two bbu_________ (is/are) out of work nowThe police __________ (was/were) searchingurderer everywhere wuddenly appeared in a thea2.About 40ulaat country ___________ (lives/live) on faAppld _________ (tastes/taste) goodur trousers ________ (is/are) du must have them washedThe Olympic Games ___________ (is/are) held every four yeaany a man ___________ (has/have)lp uNo one but her parents ___________ (knows/know)Hludents who __________(is/are) electedNo girl and no boy _________ (is/are) fond of such a dangerous ga0.The resulxamination __________ (shows/show) that you have all made a great progTwo yuan _______ (is/are) a reasonablb2.Eau _________ (is/are)blaccidu and I _________ (am/is/are)ame agThe manager, as well as his advisers, _________ (has agreed/ have agreed) to attend the world faWe have sold many compud and__________ (is/are) still on salThere ________ (is/are) two calveral girls _________ (is/are) going to vuseuThis kind of apples _____________(is/are) highly pricedu__________ (is/are) badly damaged.

90and not I, ________ (am/is/are)bativNobody but Jack and John _________ (was/were)lab yesterda2.Both bread and butter _________ (was/ were) sold out in thaBread and butter __________ (is/are) what they usually have for breakfaAt the bus stop __________ (was/were) a soldier and two young wway to North Carblina.

历年高考题

1.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _________ tired of having one examination after aA. isB. areC. amD. be

2.A library with five thousand books ___________ation as a gAdB. hadC. adD. havd

3.When and wbuild the new factory ________AdecidedB. are not decidedC. has not decidedD. have not decided

4.The numble invited __________but a numb__________ abdaA. were, wasB. was, was,C. was, wereD. were, wuadmaster ____________gifted students ag.

A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outDand ouail, as well as tel________ aant part in daily communicaA. is playingB. have playedC. are playingD. play

7.Evble means ____________ to prevair pollution, bull not clear.

A. is usedB. are usedC. has been usedD. have been used

8.________land in that d_________ covered wand graA. TwB. TwareC. TwD. TwaAs a result of dga large __________ of desert ________ covered the land.

A. number, hasB. quaasC. number, haveD. quaave

10.Hludents who __________ a wlaaA. isB. areC. have beenD. has bWhen and

wg-salary holiday __________A. are not decidedB. have not been decidedbeing decidedD. has not been decided

12books _________album you’re lookingA. isB. areC. hasD. havTelaganager _________desk but she didn’A. were leftB. was leftC. was leavingD. were leavingPalong wassistants, _________day and nigdeadlA. workB. workingC. is workingD. are workingThe teacher, with 6 girls and 8 blass, _________ visiting a museum warthquake struA. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would bAllloyees exanager ___________

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encouragedNowadays, a large number of walluntryside, _______lothing induA. is workingB. worksC. workD. workedThe father as well aldren _________ skatingver every Sunday awA. is goingB. goC. goesD. are goingA poet and artist ________ coming to speak to us abouliterature and paintingw aA. isB. areC. wasD. w20.The company had about 20 laptops but only one-third _________ used regularlA. is B. are C. wasD. w2an a dozen studat school ____________ abroad to study medicine last year.

A. sentB. wad sentD. had b22.Ndepartment but Tom and I _________ that the dgoinggn.

A. knowsB. knowC. have knownD. aw