英文写作总结

文 中 已 给 出 ：按照文中要求写。 文中未给出： Dear Sir or Madam,

Dear M r President/Professor/Editor, ( 2 ) 正文

第 一 段 ：自我介绍 + 写作目的 自我介绍：

文 中 已 经 给 出 ：按照要求写。

文中未给出：自己假定一个身份，可能是员工，可能是学生。如 ： Iamastaffinauniversity.

I a m a senior from the department of a/the university.

写 作 目 的 ：

I a m writing the letter, to be frank, in order to...

注 意 ：in order to 后面的内容提纲中一定已经做出要求，基础好的同学就把文中给出的内容

稍微改写一下，基础差的同学直接抄写文中给出的内容。） 第 二 段 ：

第二段写什么内容，文中一定做出了要求，按要求来写就行。需要注意的是因为小作文字数 .群赛比较少，就 不 用 有 “起承转合”的结构了，直接论述就行。比 如 ： to begin with， in addition,

last but not least。 第 三 段 （两 句 ）： 文中已经做出要求：第一句话写文中要求的内容，不要展开论述，因为字数有限；第二句话， 根据要求表示感谢或期待回信。

文中未做出要求：表示感谢 + 期待回信。 赫 感 谢 ：

My thanks to you for your generous assistance are beyond words.

Words fail me when I desire to express my sincere gratitude to you for your kind consideration for my requirement/application/complaint.

I take the opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for your generous assistance you rendered me. 期待回信：

I am looking forward to your reply.

I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience. Your prompt attention to my…would be highly appreciated.

当然也可以按照我们前面应用文不同书信类型的常用表达来写第三段，这样更具有针对性。 比如邀请{目的第二段就可以写 We would be looking forward to your coming with great pleasure. (我

们非常髙兴地期待着你的到来。）再写期待回信： We are waiting for your reply. (3)落款：

在右下角写Yours truly和 人 名 （如 ： Li Ming )。 Yours truly后面加逗号。 @麵 〇

Directions:

You have bought an air-conditioner from the department store, but soon it does not work very well.

Now write to the department store to

1) tell them what is wrong with the machine,

2) complain about the inconvenience it has brought about, and

3) express your wishes that it should be repaired as soon as possible. 2 .私人书倌 ( 1 ) 称呼

Dear Bob / m y friend,

( 2 ) 正文

第 一 段 ：问候语 + 写作目的 问 候 语 ：

• How are you getting on with your life recently? 你最近生活过得怎么样？

• It is great to hear from you again. 十分髙兴再次收到你的信。

參 H o w are you getting along with your life? 你生活过得怎么样？

• Nothing could have given me greater pleasure than to get news of you! 没有什么事比听到你的消息更使我高兴了。

• You have no idea h o w happy I was to receive your letter. 你想象不到我收到你的信有多么高兴。

• Thank you for the expressions of joy at my recent promotion in office. 感谢你为我最近的晋升而髙兴。 写作目的：

I am writing the letter, to be frank, in order to...

( 同公务书信，inorderto后面的内容文中一定已经做出要求，按要求写。） 第 二 段 ：

同公务书信，第二段写什么内容，文中一定做出了要求，按要求来写就行。需要注意的是因 为小作文字数要求比较少，就 不 用 有 “起承转合”的结构了，直接论述就行。比 如 ：t0 begin with,

in addition^ last, but not least。 第 三 段 ：

文中已经做出要求：

第 一 句 话 ：写文中要求的内容，不要展开论述，因为字数有限。 第二句话：祝福语。 文中 未 给 出 要 求 ： 第一句话：祝福语。 第二句话：期待回信。 祝福语： % ^ ^ ^

• All tiie luck in the world to y。 祝你幸运无比。

• Please bring m y best wishes to your family.

谨向你家人致以最好的祝愿！ • With m y best wishes/regards. 谨致以最好的祝愿。

• I hope that things are going well with you. 祝你一'切顺利。

• Give m y regards to your parents. 请代我向你父母致以问候。

• I wish every success for your career in the future. 祝你事业有成。

• Wish you good health and lots of happiness. 祝你健康幸福。 • G o o d luck to you! 祝你好运！

• Best wishes from all of us for...

我们大家向……致以最美好的祝愿。

3 .告示类 ( 1 ) 标题 N O T I C E ( 2 ) 正文

第 一 段 ：写作 目 的 + 具 体 论 述 （文中一定做出了要求 1 Our notice is to…First…，second.\… 写作目的常用表达：

• So and so is/are requested to note that... 受命通知……

• So and so takes pleasure in announcing that… 很高兴宣布……

• So and so has/have the honor to announce... 很荣幸宣布……

• It is hereby proclaimed/announced/made public that... 我们要通知的事情是……

• This is to notify/notice/announce that... 这篇告示是为了……

第 二 段 ：欢 迎 加 入 + 联系方式

Welcome to join us.AVe are waiting for your coming.

If you intend to join us, please call us at 136 x x x or email us at x x x @yahoo.com. ( 3 ) 落款：单位名字 图画作文 1.第一段写法

第一段固定模式，即描述图画并且写出图画的寓意。该段的模板性不强，只是推荐了一些描 述图画和表达寓意的句型。

(1 ) 第一、二句话：用主语从句引出对图画的描述 What seems self-evident is that...显而易见....

What has been found is that...显而易见 / 众所周知....

What proves beyond dispute is that…毋庸置疑 / 显而易见....

What seems universally acknowledged is that.•普遍认为 / 众所周知.... What has been widely accepted is that…普遍认为 / 众所周知.... What is generally agreed proves that..普遍认为 / 众所周知.... 对图画的描述分为三种情况： ① 一幅图一个主体，两个动作：

In the easy and simple cartoon, sb.(定语 / 同位语），doing sth.(次要动作）（定语 / 状语），is doing sth.(主要动作）（定语/状语） ② 一幅图两个主体，两个动作：

In the easy and simple cartoon, sb. 1 (定语 / 同位语）is do& g sth. 1 (定语 / 状语），and/but sb. 2

(定 语 /同位语) is doing sth. 2 定语或状语 ③ 两 幅 图 ：

In the former picture, sb. 1 (定语 / 同位语）is doing sth. 1 (定语 / 状 语 ），and/but in the latter

one, sb. 2 (定语/ 同位语）is doing sth. 2 (定语/状语） ( 2 ) 第三句话：引出寓意的过渡语

Personally, what the picture conveys is far beyond a new fashion trend and carries cultural implication.

The fact/story that... indicates that...

The symbolic meaning of the cartoon is quite self-evident. The message conveyed in the picture seems to be that...

The picture has revealed，as is k n o w n to us all/in recent years，a current social phenomenon that…

The picture does reflect a thought-provoking social phenomenon that.. It is apparent that the author of the drawing tries to reveal us...

The picture conveys a deep concern as to sth.(不好的现象）+ 定 语 （which has aroused an adverse

influence in our society).

The purpose of the picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the phenomenon of sth.

Its symbolic meaning, which is quite obvious, should be taken into account more seriously.

It seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message about the importance/seriousness of sth., which...

We can deduce from this picture that the drawer is trying to attract our attention to sth” which…

( 3 ) 第四句话：表达寓意 We should do sth.

We should never do sth. Sth. is very important. Sth. is very serious.

虽然第四句话需要表达这个意思，但是不能用这么简单的句型。 推荐使用： ① 被动

② as... as...比较结构 ③ so…that… ④ 比喻

无论选择这四个句型中的哪一个，都要求在主谓中间加插人语 2 . 第二段写法

第二段一般都是分析问题，所以该段以分析原因或讨论一个问题的好处或坏处为主。比如： 如果是孝敬父母的话题，第二段就论述孝敬父母的原因；如果是污染的话题，第二段就写污染的

危 害 ；如果是合作的话题，第二段就论述合作的好处。当然，有时候提纲中明确规定要举例，此

时的原因分析就以举例的方式展开。第二段写法分为两种： ① 举例与否均可的原因分析。 ② 一定要举例的原因分析。 下面分别论述这两种情况：

( 1 ) 纯 原 因 分 析 段 （没有例子） 首 句 ：引出原因分析

The majority of people would agree that the issue has its deep roots as follows. Personally, it is my belief that some reasons could account for such a phenomenon. If proceeding unchecked, the problem will undoubtedly cause many problems.

On the surfece of it, this may seem to be ridiculous, but if thinking again, we would point out some reasons.

It is superficially plausible, but when subjected to analysis, it really has its fundamental reasons. If we let this situation continue as it is, we do not know what will happen about people’s relationships in the future.

You may criticize for/blame fo r...( 不好的现象，比 如 说 不 诚 实 ） ， but the causes/roots of the

problem/phenomenon go far deeper.

It is not an easy task to find the reasons for the complicated phenomenon. There stand at least two reasons, I think, for the phenomenon of...

Recognizing a problem, on the other hand, is the first step in finding a solution. 第二句：具体论述 推荐句型：

not only... but also...( 最好写成倒装） The evidence that…manifests that… although 引导的让步状语从句 which引导的非性定语从句 the more... the more...

if引导的虚拟语气（反面论证）

( 2 ) 举例段的写法

首 句 ：表示举例的总起句

Examples to prove the view are abundant. The most persuasive one is the case of sb. who... This can be illustrated by the example of sb. who...

Such stimulating/less impressive cases/stories are not rare in our daily life. To examine it, let's return to the example of sb./sth.

There exist too plentiful cases like this in the routine of our life to list. However, the most impressive

one is about myself.

Although so abundant cases can support m y simple view, the following one is the most favorable.

中间句：具体例子 尾 句 ：总结句

So the case vividly clarifies a truth that... has played a crucial role in our success/life. If there were no..., sb./sth. would do sth.

3 .第三段写法

需要注意的是，第三段具体措施写得越准确，分值就越髙。因为现在模板化很严重，所以基 础好的学生最好自己写措施，以防内容太空洞导致分值不髙；对于基础差的学生，自己写几乎没

有可能性，所以推荐了以下内容，以供参考和使用。 首 句 ：总结句

So crucial/grave is…that it proves it is time to attach great importance to it.

Therefore, it is high time that effective measures should be taken to solve the problem. Therefore, it is imperative to take drastic measures to reverse this disturbing trend. To promote..., quite a few actions could be adopted.

Accordingly, it is vital for us to derive positive implications from these thought-provoking drawings.

If we do not desire the trend to become a reality one day in the future, positive steps must be taken to

put an end to …right now.

In order to promote the idea of..., tremendous tasks have to be accomplished.

To improve/put an end to the negative situation, m y suggestions are the following steps. There is, as a matter of fact, little doubt that immediate action is required to be adopted... W e can say this and w e can say that，but the most important thing is not to say, but to do. Having recognized the problem, it follows that we must develop a plan of action.

中间句：具体方案或总结，一般一至两句话，太长会显得文章结构不够完美。 采取具体方案的主体一般为：、集 体 （企业或家庭)、个人。

需要注意：三个主体最好只选择一到两个主体采取措施。并且采取的措施要尽量具体化，具 体可操作性越强，写作效果就越好。比如： 怎么让年轻人自信？

如果你写 it is quite necessary that teenagers and youngsters should have confidence.也可以，但是

这个措施就很空洞，没有操作性。英语表达越具体越准确，分值就越髙。

如果你写 it is quite necessary that teenagers and youngsters should take part in more activities to

show themselves in front of strangers.就很具体，有操作性了。 不准确，没有操作性。

如果你写 w e should cultivate the awareness that rubbish must be classified not only at h o m e but

also in public places,就很具体、准确了。 k 就是自己写作和模板的区别。但是对于中文表达就有问题的同学，可以使用下面推荐的表 达 ： (1 ) 推荐句型：

People's awareness must be heightened through education and publicity. 'Weshouldappealtotheauthoritiestomakestrictlawstocontrol...

Authorities, in coordination with the press, are obliged to… ( 2 ) 企业、学校或家庭 推荐句型：

It is quite necessary that responsible companies should restrain themselves from doing sth. Elders cannot have failed to educate their kids to do sth.

It is quite urgent that elders should inspire their children to do sth. ( 3 ) 个人 推荐句型：

Chinese citizens are expected to enhance their awareness that sth. is an indispensable part for the

construction of a harmonious society.

W e should cultivate the awareness that sth. is of great significance to us. M y major could be applied to call for the masses to do sth.

，尾 句 ：尾句一般是用来总结或倡议的。分为四种方式： ( 1 ) 总结法

A s every coin has two sides,…is no exception. W h a t w e should pay attention to is to confine its

defects and cany forward its strong points.

事物都有两面性，……也不例外。我们能做的就是它的缺点，并发扬它的优点。 The sooner effective measures are taken, the more glorious future w e will have. 越早采取有效措施，我们的前途就会越光明。

I believe that a happy and bright future is awaiting us if w e make every effort to promote/ban... 我相信如果我们全力提倡/禁止…… ，一个幸福而光明的未来就会等待着我们。

W e do have a long w a y to go to reach our final goal, but achieving... is within the realm of possibility.

为了实现最终的目标，我们的确有很长的路要走，但是实现……还是有可能的。 ( 2 ) 反问法

Isn't... indispensable for the mental/physicai health of children and adults? 难道……对于孩子与成人的精神/身体健康不是必不可少的吗？ ShouMn’thu^pourattent

难道人类不应该把注意力投人……这个问题吗？ W h a t does the future hold if mankind persists in...? 如果人类继续……，人类的未来将是什么样子？ ( 3 ) 引语法

Just as an esteemed writer has put it that...

就像一位著名作家曾经说过的……

W e have always kept in mind the world’s leading writer’s words that… 我们一直铭记着这位世界上一流的作家曾经说过…… ( 4 ) 建议法

It is essential that effective measures should be taken to carry forward the spirit of... 非常重要的是，我们应该采取有效措施来发扬……的精神。

It is urgent that effective actions should be taken to terminate the worse situation. 非常紧急的是，我们应该采取有效措施来终结这一恶化的形势了。 It is high time that w e urged an immediate end to this phenomenon.

是我们终结这种现象的时候了。

It is high time that w e fought for the end of the undesirable phenomenon of... 是我们为结束这种……的负面现象而奋斗的时候了。 三 、 图 表 作 文 具 体 讲 解 第一段写法

根据以上范文分析，图表作文的第一段和图画作文的第一段很相似。图画作文的第一段是描 述 图 画 和 总 结 寓 意 ；图表作文的第一段则是描述图表和概括中心。它和图画作文比起来的优点是

不会写跑题或偏题，因为数字传达的信息直接明了。

第一、二 句 话 ：用主语从句引出对图表的描述，需要注意的是描述图表时，只抓典型数据进

行对比即可，其他数据只是陪衬，无须描述。典型数据一般都是最高、最低或首位数据，而且描

述图表不要超过两句话。

下面是描述图表常用到的单词和句型： ( 1 ) 图表种类及概述法

泛 指 图 表 ：graph/chart/diagram/illustration 饼 状 图 ： pie chart

条形 图 或 柱 形 图 ： barchart 线 形 图 ： line chart 表 格 ： table

( 2 ) 描述图表数字变化的单词

增 加 ：increase/rise/grow/expand/climb/soar/jump/rocket/ascend/accumulate/surge/swell decrease/fell/diDp/decline/dive/plunge/reduce/descend/diniinish/dwindle/shrink/go down/611ofl^continue

its downward trend/on the decline/on the slowdown

波 动 ：fluctuate/rebound/undulate/wave 稳 定 ：stable/stabilize

大 幅 度 地 ：sharply/dramatically/markedly/remarkably/considerably/suddenly 慢 慢 地 ：slowly/slightly/modestly/gradually/moderately/gently 保 持 平 稳 ： remain stable/steady/constant/the same/unchanged ( 3 ) 描述图表具体句型

Over the period from... to..., the... remained constant 在……到……期间

In the 3 years spanning from 1995 to 1998...

从 1995年到1998年这3 年里……

The number of... remained steady/stable from (month/year) to (month/year) …… （年 /月 ）至…… （年 /月 ）……的数量保持稳定/不变。 The number shaiply went up to… 数字急剧上升至……

The percentage of…stayed the same between…and… ……至……期间……的比率保持不变。 The figures peaked at…in (month/year).

数目在…… （年 /月 ）达到顶点，为…… The percentage remained steady at...

比率稳定维持在……

The percentage of... is sightly larger/smaller than that of... ……的比例比……的比例略髙/低。

There is not a great deal of difference between... and... ……与……之间的区别不大。

The graphs show a threefold increase in the number of... 该图表显示……的数目增加了三倍。

...decreased year by year while…increased steadily. ’ ……逐年减少，而……稳步上升。 . The figures/situation bottomed out in… 数字/情况在……达到底部。

The figures/situation reached the bottom/a low point/a trough. 数字/情况达到底部/最低点/低谷。 A is…times as much/many as B. A 是 B 的……倍。 A increased by... A 增长了…… A increased to... A 增长到……

There is an upward trend in the number of...

……的数量呈上升趋势。

A considerable increase/decrease occurred from…to… 从……到……急剧上升/下降。

F r o m…to…the rate of decrease slows down.

From this year on，there was a gradual dedine/reduction in the...，reaching a figure of.. 从今年起，……逐渐下降至…… be similar to... 与……相似

There are a lot of similarities/differences between…and… ……与……之间有许多相似/不同之处。 The difference between A and B lies in… A 与 B 之间的差别在于……

...(year) witnessed/saw a sharp nse in... …… （年 ）……急剧上升。

第三句话：引出文章中心。 推荐句型：

The table/chart/diagram/graph shows (that)… According to the table/chart/diagram/graph, ... A s (is) shown in the table/chart/diagram/graph, ...

As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures, ... Figures/statistics show (that) that...

Itcanbeseenfromthefigures/statisticsthat.. W e can see from the figures/statistics that... It is clear from the figures/statistics that...

It is apparent from the figures/statistics/table/chart/diagram/gKqjh that...

2 .第二段写法

很 显 然 ，我 们 能 够 看 出 图 表 作 文 第 二 段 同 图 画 作 文 第 二 段 一 样 都 是 写 原 因 分 析 ，或 这 个 问 题

产 生 的 好 处 或 害 处 。如 果 不 易 写 原 因 分 析 ，可 以 考 虑 举 例 ，这 点 也 同 图 画 作 文 。并 且 我 们 前 面 讲

了 一 些 段 落 论 述 方 式 ，比 如 引 用 名 言 、定 义 解 释 等 ，也 可 以考虑使 用 。

首 句 ：引 出 原 因分析

The majority of people would agree that th e is su e h as its d e e p ro o ts as fo llo w s.

P e rso n a lly , it is m y b e lie f th a t so m e re a s o n s c o u ld a c c o u n t fo r su c h a p h e n o m e n o n .

I f p ro c e e d in g u n c h e c k e d , th e p ro b le m w ill u n d o u b te d ly c a u se m a n y p ro b le m s.

O n tlie surface o f it, this m ay seem to b e ridiculous^ b u t i f th in k in g again, w e w o u ld p o in t o u t som e reasons.

It is su p e rfic ia lly p la u s ib le , b u t w h e n su b je c te d to a n a ly sis, it re a lly h a s its fiin d a m e n ta l re a so n s.

I f w e let th is situ a tio n c o n tin u e as it is, w e d o n o t k n o w w h a t w ill h a p p e n a b o u t p e o p le 's re la tio n sh ip s in th e fu tu re.

Y ou m a y c ritic iz e fo r/b la m e f o r ...( 不 好 的 现 象 ， 比 如 说 不 诚 实 ），b u t th e c a u se s /ro o ts o f th is

p ro b le m /p h e n o m e n o n g o fa r d eep er.

It is n o t a n e a sy ta s k to fin d th e re a s o n s fo r th e c o m p lic a te d p h e n o m e n o n . T h e re sta n d a t le a st tw o re a so n s, I th in k , fo r th e p h e n o m e n o n o f...

R e c o g n iz in g a p ro b le m , on th e o th e r h a n d , is th e first ste p in fin d in g a so lu tio n

第 二 句 ：具体论述 推荐句型：

not only…but also…（最好写成倒装） the evidence that…manifests that… although引导的让步状语从句

which引导的非性定语从句 the more …the more …

if引导的虚拟语气（反面论证）

恰相反。更多的人想在餐馆吃饭。 3 .第三段写法

该段一般用于总结和预测趋势，用三句话就可以论述清楚。 首句：总结句 推荐句型：

Under no circumstances could w e fail to attach importance to the issue of... It is about time to pay m u c h attention to the issue of...

So severe/essential/conspicuous is the issue of... that it should catch our attention.

第二句话：具体措施可以用一句话或两句话来概括，太长会显得文章结构不够完美，完全同 图画作文。

采取具体方案的主体一般为： ( 1 ) 推荐句型：

People's awareness must be heightened through education and publicity. W e should appeal to the authorities to make strict laws to control… Authorities, in coordination with the press, are obliged to… ( 2 ) 企业或家庭 推荐句型：

It is quite necessary that responsible companies should restrain themselves from doing sth. Elders cannot have failed to educate their kids to do sth.

It is quite urgent that elders should inspire their children to do sth.

( 3 ) 个人 推荐句型：

Chinese citizens are excepted to enhance their awareness that sth. is an indispensable part for the

construction of a harmonious society.

W e should cultivate the awareness that sth. is of great significance to us. M y major could be applied to call for the masses to do sth.

尾句：预测趋势或呼吁，如果是呼吁，则仍然同图画作文尾句。但是图表作文也可以预测趋 势。

推荐句型：

If the tendency continued as it

If an increasing number of... did sth., sth. would happen.

It is by analyzing the trend in the past that w e m a y forecast that the growth tendency will continue.

B y observing the data in the past, w e m a y forecast that...

In light of the statistics given above, we can safely predict that…