状语从句讲义教师版

状语从句

状语从句在句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词 形容词 或副词。状语从句放主句之前，通常用逗号隔开；放在主句之后则不用。状语从句按照其意义和作用可分为时间，条件，原因，让步，目的，结果，方式，比较，地点共9种。

时间状语从句

1. 时间状语从句一般不用将来时，如果主句为将来，我们用一般现在时来代替。

2. 表示 一。。。就。。。的句型有

as soon as,

the moment( the year, the day ,the minute )

immediately( instantly, directly)

hardly…when ,no sooner… than

其中hardly…when ,no sooner… than 句型

注意1：时态常为：主句过去完成时从句一般过去时

注意2：倒装现象

其他表示 一。。。就。。。的结构还有On doing

at the sight /sound/ thought of

3. since引导的从句

注意1：从句中的动词若为短暂性动词 意为做什么已经有一段时间了

从句中的动词若为延续性动词 意为不做什么已经有一段时间了

注意2：常用句型为 it’s 时间段 since 过去时间点 或者it has been 时间段 since 过去时间点

4. the first time; the last time; last time; next time; every time/each time ; any time

* 区别 It is（was） the first time that …have（had） done

The first time sb did sth , …did

For the 1st time , ….

5. By the time + 不同时态的时间点 ， 主句的时态为不同时态的完成时

6. before 请熟记以下句型

* It will be/was…before sb does /did sth… “还要过多久才……”

It will be two years before he leaves the country.

* It won’t be/was not…before sb does /did sth… “不多久就…”

It wasn’t two years before he left the country.

* A had done sth before B could do 还没来得及。。。就。。。

Before I could get in a word, he （had ）measured me.

注意：若两个动作时间差不大 也可用一般过去时

* sb had (already) done sth before sb did sth 已经。。。才。。。

The train had already pulled off before I arrived.

7. As

* 当。。。的时候 对动词要求不强 延续非延续都可以

As I expressed my thanks , she held my hand firmly.

* 在某事发生的过程中，另一事情发生

常用As( When /While) sth was doing ，sth happened. 正。。。突然。。。

Ps: 此时的do为延续性的动词。如不是主从句都用一般过去时

* 意思为“随着”。注意：与主格或非谓语结构的转换

As the wealth of China increases, more waste will be produced.

= With the wealth of China developing, more waste will be produced.

* 还可表示一边。。。一边。。。

8. when

①When的用途比较广泛 但也用比较典型的句型

*A was doing sth, when sth happened. 正。。突然。注意： halfway /on the way to do , when…

* A was about to do sth, when sth happened.正要。。。突然。。。

* A was on the point of doing sth,when sth happened. 正要。。。突然。。。

* A had (just) done sth, when sth happened. 刚。。。。，就。。。

②When表 既然 鉴于 如果

I can’t tell you, when you won’t listen.

Why use wood when you can use plastic?

9. while

* 引导的从句只能与延续性动词或be动词连用 表示 当。。。， 趁着。。。

* 一般或现在情况 Make hay, while the sun shines.

We must strike while the iron is hot.

* 将来情况 从句部分用一般现在时或现在进行时

While you are there, can you get me some stamps ?

* 过去情况 ①主从句都用一般过去时 A letter came, while you were ill.

②主从句都用过去进行时 意为“与此同时”强调两个动作同时发生

The kids were having fun in the garden, while their mums were preparing food.

③从句用过去进行时 主句用一般过去时。表示“正。。。突然。。。” As( When /While) sth was doing ，sth happened.

While I was wondering what was happening, the car rushed into the sideway.

* while还可以表对比

10. till, until和not…until：

* until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动词，

We waited until/till he came.

* 用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。

He won’t go to bed until she returns.

* till不可以置于句首，而until可以。

Until you told me I had no idea of it.

* not until 句型与其他句型结合

I didn’t go to sleep until he came back.

①与强调句型结合

It was not until he came back that I went to sleep.

②与倒装句式结合

Not until he came back did I go to sleep.

例如：When did you get there?

A. it was 9:00 when I got there. B. it was at 9:00 that I got there.

It was his mother came in to prepare his lessons.

A. not until；did the boy begin

B. until；that the boy began

C. until；did the boy begin

D. not until；that the boy began

练习

1. Don’t be afraid of asking for help _______ it is needed.

A. unless B. since C. although D. when

2. Why do you want a new job ____ you’ve got such a good one already?

A. that B. where C. which D. when

3. －Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?

－Yes. I gave it to her ___ I saw her.

A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once

4. I thought her nice and honest ______ I met her.

A. first time B. for the first time

C. the first time D. by the first time

5. I could not learn English well _____ he gave me some good advice.

A. until B. as C. since D. if

6. _____ we grow older, we grow wiser.

A. With B. Since C. While D. As

7. －Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?

－Yes. He had never praised him ______ he became one of the top students in his grade.

A. after B. unless C. until D. when

8. A good storyteller must be able to hold listeners’ curiosity _ _ he reaches the end of the story.

A. when B. unless C. after D. Until

9. It was not ____ she took off her dark glasses____ I realized she was a famous film star.

A. when; that when; then

B. until; that C. until; when D.

10. Not until all the fish died in the river _____ how serious the pollution was.

A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized

C. the villagers did realize D. didn’t the villagers realize

让步状语从句

1. Although（句首）和though（句首，句中皆可）

2. 不可搭配but 但可与 yet 或still 连用

3. even though / even if 尽管 即使

4. whether (…)or not / whether…or…/ no matter whether不管

5. wh-ever = no matter wh

注意:名词性从句里的wh-ever结构不可以与no matter wh结构互换。

6. as 、though 引导让步状语从句，要把状语 表语 动词 置首倒装

Much as I have traveled，I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John.

（1）如果表语为单数可数名词，这个名词不带冠词

Child as he is，he knows a lot.

(2) 如果句中谓语包含情态动词或助动词，则将实意动词放在as之前

Try as I might，I couldn't lift the stone.

（3）如果句中谓语仅有实意动词，则将实意动词(原形)放在as之前，并在主语后面加助动词do, does, did或will。

Fail as he did, he would never give up.

7. while 置于句首表让步 While I like the color of the hat, I do not like its

shape.

8. Though 可以做副词放在句末，其他不行

练习

1. In peace，too，the Red Cross is expected to send help there is human suffering. A.whoever B.however

C.whatever D.wherever

2. This is a very interesting book.I will buy it， .

A.how much may it cost B.no matter how it may cost

C.however much it may cost D.how may it cost

3. The old tower must be saved， the cost.

A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.wherever

4. _____ difficult the task may be, we will try our best to finish it.

A. No matter B. No wonder C. Though D. However

5. Mary had promised to give me a ticket for tomorrow. She failed, _____.

A. either B. though C. but D. Too

6. Although he is considered a great writer, _____.

A. his works is not widely read

B. but his works are not widely read

C. however his works are not widely read

D. yet his works are not widely read

7 . ________ her faults, she’s Arnold’s mother. Don’t be so rude to her.

A. Whatever B. What C. Whichever D. Whenever

8. _______ the punishment was unjust, he accepted it without complaint.

A. So long as B. Even though C. Since D. While

9. _____ the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.

A. While B. As C. Since D. Because

10. Mr Zhang is mild in character. He never shouts ____ he is very angry.

A. if B. even C. though D. even when

11. We will not give up _____ we shall fail ten times.

A. even if B. since C. whether D. Until

12. many times，but he still couldn’t understand it.

A.Having been told B. Though had been told C. He was told D. Having told

地点状语从句

where / wherever

1. 区别： Go where there’s food. 地点状语从句

Go to the place where there is food. 定语从句

That’s where we disagree with each other. 表语从句

注意1：请试比较The library is built at what used to be a wasteland. 名从

注意2：定语从句中的where 可以用prep. + which 的结构替换，而状语从句不能

2. He said he was happy where he was. 处境， 境况

3. It’s my fault that she is where she is. 地步

4. 3. 抽象含义

5. Where there is a will, there is a way.

6. Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire.

1. You should make it a rule to leave things _______ you can find them again.

A. When B. where C. then D. which

2. When you read the book, you’d better make a mark ___ you have any questions.

A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where

3. Water power station are built big waterfalls.

A.where there are B. where there have C. which has D. which are

目的状语从句

 so that/ in order that引导目的状语从句,常用情态动词may (might)/ can (could) /shall （should）、will （would） 等连用. (只能位于句子后半部 )

 Cf. I raised my voice so that everyone could hear me. （目的状语从句）

My wife doesn’t like the noise ，so that we moved to the countryside.（结果状语从句）

 注意与不定式的转换 so as to /in order to 注意so as to 不可放句首

 in case + 真实条件句 以防

 for fear that / lest +虚拟条件句 唯恐

结果状语从句

So /so that/so…that/such…that

I raised my voice, so that everyone heard me.

He was so excited that he couldn’t say a word.

She told us such an interesting story that we all forgot the time.

 1. so…that的so后面跟形容词或副词;

such 在主句中修饰名词（可数名词单数，可数名词复数和不可数名词）

注意1：修饰可数名词单数时 such a/ an…that可转换为so + 形容词 + a/ an + 名

词单数 + that结构。

例句： 1．She is such a good teacher that all her students love her very much.

2．She is so good a teacher that all her colleagues like to talk with her.

注意2：在名词前有many, much, few, little (少)时，只能用so…that结构，

例句： 1．There are so many things to be done that I find no time to go to the cinema.

2．She got so little education that she could hardly do a simple maths problem.

注意3 常考查的情况 so，such置首倒装的情况

注意4 so引导的结果状语从句，最好不要放在句首。

The destination was settled. So everyone set off . x

注意5 结果状语从句so…that / such…that与定语从句的区别

状语从句中that不做从句成分

She is such a good teacher that all her students love her very much.

She is such a good teacher as all her students love x very much.

1. Roses need special care they can live through winter.

A. because B. so that C. even if D. As

2. He has little education he is unable to find a job.

A. such；that B. so；and C. so；that D. such；and

比 较 状 语 从 句

 基本结构 as…as not so …as the same as such…as than

 其他句型

1. A is to b what c is to d 2. The 比较级，the比较级

3. 区别 not 比较级… Than

no 比较级… Than I'm no better than you.I failed the exam, too.

4. John likes Henry more than I.

John likes Henry more than me.

5 . 倍数表达法

他们的房子是我们的两倍.

Their room is twice bigger than ours.

Their room is twice as big as ours.

Their room is twice the size of ours. (length /height/weight/ width)

Their room is twice what ours is.

The size of their room is twice that of ours.

1. The vase on the left is than the one on the right,and not .

A. more nicer；so expensive B. much more better；as expensive

C. nicer；as expensive D. better；such expensive

2. These planes can fly than the old ones.

A.as fast three times B.three times as fast

C.three times fast D.three times faster

方式状语从句

（just）as May everything process as you wish.

the way I want my child to be treated by others the way I treated theirs.

as if (though) + 真实或虚拟条件句

注意： as it is =actually /in fact

1. The actor is over fifty. But he acts as if he _____ a young man.

A. is B. will be

C. should be D. were

2. It seems as if it ____ already summer now.

A. were B. be C. is D. had been

原因状语从句

Because 位置自由 语气强 唯一可用于强调句的

= due to /owing to/…. the fact that

Since 常前 “既然”

As 前/后皆可 但通常前 语气弱 已知事实

Now that 前 语气弱 “既然”

Considering that 前 “考虑到”

Seeing that 前 “考虑到”

In that 后 “原因是”

For 后 前方必须有逗号，“其理由是”

注意： When 也可表 既然

I can’t tell you, when you won’t listen.

Why use wood when you can use plastic?

1. ____ you’re got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.

A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as

2. He can't have gone out, the light is still on.

3. A. because B. since C. as D. for

3. Criticism and self-criticism is necessary ______ it helps us to correct our mistakes.

A. so B. however C. therefore D. in that

条件状语从句

If / unless = if not / as (so) long as / on condition that / once /

Providing， provided（ that） / supposing ，supposed（ that）、given（ that）

注意：When也可引导条件状语从句

提示：同时间状语从句一样条件状语从句也不用将来时 if引导的条件状语从句,表示与事实相反的条件和结果时的时态变化

1) 与现在事实相反：

If 从句were、V-ed , 主句should (would，could, might) +V原

2)与过去事实相反：

If 从句had Ved ,主句should (would，could, might) +have Ved

3)与将来事实相反：

If 从句did，should，were to do，主句should (would，could, might)

提示：这种句型还会以倒装的形式或者隐含的条件出现

1. What do you think would happen if there _____ no light during the night?

A. is B. will be

C. were D. would be

2. _____ late tomorrow, who would take her place?

A. Should Miss Green come B. If Miss Green would come

C. Miss Green should come D. If Miss Green comes

3．_____ it _____, the crops _____ be saved.

A. Had; rained; could B. Should; rain; would

C. If; rains; should D. Would; rain; should

4. She should have attended the class, but she _____.

A. hadn’t B. hasn’t C. didn’t D. doesn’t

5. _______ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.

A. Even though B. Unless

C. As long as D. while

6. _______ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.

A. As long as B. As far as

C. Just as D. Even if

7. You will succeed in the end ____ you give up halfway.

A. even if B. as though

C. as long as D. Unless

8. You are certain to live your dream ______ you make great efforts and lay

emphasis on improvements in efficiency.

A. on condition that B. as far as C. even though D. in case

9. The game is not very difficult ______ you understand the rules.

A．before B．though C．unless D．once

从句的省略现象 P361星火

时间、条件、让步、方式和比较状语从句的省略，一般满足以下条件：

1 从句和主句主语一致

2 主语为it 或there且谓语动词含be动词时

1.Don’t speak until you are spoken to.

2.Once it is seen,it can never be forgotten.

3.While I was in Beijing ,I paid a visit to the Summer Place.

4.Come tomorrow if it is possible.

5.If it is so, you must get back and get it.

6.He has no money,if he has any,he will give you.

7.Though it was cold ,he still wore a shirt.

8.Fill in the blank with proper words where it is necessary

状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况：

① 否定词开头；② so 加 adj. 开头；③ as / though引导的让步状语从句。

1. So difficult _____ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English.

2. A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel

3. that none of us could follow him.

4. A. He spoke very fast B. So fast he spoke C. Too fast he spoke D. So fast did he speak

3. the baby fell asleep the room.

A. After；did the mother leave B. Not until；did the mother leave

C. Not until；the mother left D. Soon after；the mother had left