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【英语】情态动词难点练习

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【英语】情态动词难点练习

一、单项选择情态动词

1.—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.

—Oh, it's too bad. You________ have made full preparations. A.must 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】

考查情态动词+have done结构。句意:—对不起,妈妈,我面试又失败了。—噢,那太糟糕了,你应该做好充分准备的。A.must必须;B.can可以;C.would将会;D.should应该。这里是情态+have done的结构的虚拟语气,can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过……吗?”;could+have+done,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做;must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句;should+have+done意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做”。故选D 【名师点睛】

情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词,但它不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点,每年单项填空题必考一题。考点集中在:情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别,情态动词否定式的用法辨析,“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。

B.can

C.would

D.should

2.They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they __________to our help. A.would have come C.have come 【答案】A 【解析】

试题分析:本句考查的是一个含蓄的虚拟条件句,句中的or相当于if they had not gone abroad.因为前面句中使用的是were,说明这个虚拟语气是与过去事实相反,所以主句中使用的是“情态动词+have done”的形式。句意:当我们在做调查的那几个月里,他们一直在国外,否则的话他们早就来帮助我们了。故A正确。

B.could come D.had come

3.He is a bad-tempered fellow, but he ________ be quite charming when he wishes. A.shall C.can 【答案】C 【解析】

B.should D.must

【详解】

考查情态动词辨析。句意:他是个脾气不好的家伙,但当他希望自己有魅力的时候,他可以变得相当可爱。此处表示“能、可以”,故C项正确。

4.— Mum, little Ray broke his toys again! —It doesn't matter. You see, accidents _____happen. A.shall 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】

考查情态动词辨析。句意:——妈妈,小雷又弄坏了他的玩具。——没事的,你看,意外总会发生。A. shall将要,会;B. should应当;C. must必须;D. will总是。Will可以表示习惯,意思为“惯于,总是”。故D选项正确。 【点睛】

will/would是情态动词,其表达的意思如下。 (1)表示意志或意愿:决心,愿意,……好吗?

We will do our best to save the child. 我们会尽力抢救这个孩子。

I told her to stop crying, but she just wouldn’t listen. 我叫她别哭,可她就是不愿听。 注:表示请求、建议或征求对方意见时,用Would you…? 比用Will you…?更婉转。如: Will/Would you please keep the door open? 请让门开着好吗? Will/Would you go with me? 你愿意和我一起去吗? (2)表示真理或习惯:惯于,总是。如: Oil will float on water. 油总是浮在水面上。

She will listen to music alone in her room for hours. 她独自在房间里听音乐,一听往往就是几小时。

He would get up early when he lived in the country. 他住在乡下时总是早起。 (3)表示要求:一定,必须。如:

You will report to me afterward. 你稍后一定要向我报告。 (4)表示猜测:可能,大概。如:

This will be the house you’re looking for. 这大概就是你找的那所房子了。 (5)表示功能:能。如:

This auditorium will/would seat one thousand people. 这个礼堂能容纳一千人

分析句子可知,本句中的will表示习惯,意思为“惯于,总是”且符合语境。故D选项正确。

B.should

C.must

D.will

5.---He was satisfied with the result, wasn't he? ---No. It was so difficult that he __________have passed it. A.shouldn't C.couldn' t

B.mustn't D.wouldn't

【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

考查情态动词。A. shouldn't 不应该;B. mustn't禁止,不允许;C. couldn' t 不可能;D. wouldn't不会。句意:---他对结果很满意,是吗? ---不。考试太难了,他不可能通过。固定结构:couldn' t have done“不可能做某事”,此处是对过去事情有把握的否定推测。故选C。 【点睛】

情态动词+ have done结构:

1.“must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测,语气比较坚定,通常只用于肯定句.如:It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.

2.“can / could + have + 过去分词”表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定.can和could一般用于否定句和疑问句,could的语气较can弱.如:He can't have finished the work so soon. 3.“may / might + have + 过去分词”表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测,might的语气比may弱一点.这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句,疑问句改用can或could.如:They may not have known it beforehand.

4.“need + have + 过去分词”表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情,或过去做某事纯属多余.如:I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.

5.“should / ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去本该做某事但没做,其否定式表示过去不该做某事但做了,这种句式含有不满或责备之意,ought to的语气比should强一些.如: You ought to / should have studied harder.你本应该更努力学习的.(但没有) He oughtn't to / shouldn't have done that.他本来就不该做那件事.(可是做了)

6.“would + have + 过去分词”表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测,或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成,通常用来说明某一情况,但不像用should或ought to那样含有责备之意.如: I guess the poet would have been about twenty when she wrote her first poem. Another worker wouldn't have acted like that.

6.would可以表达过去常常做的事,过去习惯发生的动作: Pirates would bury gold in a cave. 海盗们常常把黄金藏在山洞中。 We would take a walk along the river. 我们过去常常沿河散步。

3. would后接like、love、mind等动词,表示要求、邀请、希望或询问,此时不是说过去,而是对现在的询问:

Would you like to come to my party? 你愿意来我的派对吗? Would you mind coming with us? 你介意和我们一起吗? 比如本题,would 表示婉转的请求,征求对方的意见,故选A。

7.—What’s wrong with you?

—Oh, I am sick. I ________ so much ice cream just now. A.shouldn’t eat

B.mustn’t eat

C.couldn’t have eaten 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】

D.shouldn’t have eaten

考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意:——你怎么了?——我生病了,我刚才不应该吃那么多冰激凌。A. shouldn’t eat不应该吃;B. mustn’t eat禁止吃;C. couldn’t have eaten不可能吃;D. shouldn’t have eaten本来不应该吃。根据just now可知,是发生在过去,故选D。

8.It_____ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. A.may 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

考查情态动词表猜测的用法。句意:一定是汤姆把车停在这儿的,因为他是唯一有车的人。A. may可能;B. can可能;C. must一定;D. should应该。由as he is the only one with a car.可知一定是他把车停在这里的,非常有把握的肯定推测,故选C。

B.can

C.must

D.should

9.My sister met him in the street yesterday afternoon, so he ______ your lecture. A.shouldn’t have attended C.mustn’t have attended 【答案】B 【解析】

试题分析:考查情态动词用法。Shouldn’t have done本不应该做某事,实际上却做了(虚拟语气);couldn’t have done不可能做某事(对过去情况的推测);needn’t have done本不需要做某事,实际上却做了(虚拟语气);句意:我的姐姐昨天下午在街上遇见了他,所以他不可能去听了你的演讲。故B正确。 考点:考查情态动词用法

点评:考本题是高考必考考点,一定要牢记句型意思。must have done过去肯定做了某事。should have done 本应该做而实际未做。can’t have done 过去不可能做了某事;shouldn’t have done 本不应该做而实际做了。 need have done 本有必要做某事;needn’t have done 本没有必要做某事;注意没有 mustn’t have done的形式。

B.couldn’t have attended D.needn’t have attended

10.—Daddy, would you please buy me an iPhoneX?

—If you can pass this midterm examination, you __________ have one as a reward. A.must C.would 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】

B.need D.shall

考查情态动词。句意:爸爸,你可以给我买部iPhone X吗?--如果你通过考试,你就会得到一部作为奖励。A. must一定;B. need必要;C. would将,会;D. shall会。根据语境可知,这句话是父亲对子女的允诺,故选D。 【点睛】 shall的用法。

1. shall作为助动词,一般用于第一人称Ⅰ和We,表示一个将来的动作,构成将来时态。shall后面接动词原形。例如:

(1)I shall think it over and Let you know my idea.我将考虑一下此事,然后告诉你我的想法。

(2)We shall have a good time in the park.我们在公园里会玩得很高兴的。 2. shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意愿。如:What shall we do this evening? 3. shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如:Shall we begin our lesson? When shall he be able to leave the hospital?

4. shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如:You shall fail if you don't work harder. (警告) He shall have the book when I finish reading. (允诺)He shall be punished. (威胁)

比如本题,根据语境可知,这句话是父亲对子女的允诺,故选D。

11.—You rang me up at about 10:00 last night, didn't you? —No, I didn't phone you. It someone else. A.must have been 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】

考查情态动词+have done。句意:“昨晚10点左右你给我打了电话,是吗?”“不,我没给你打电话。一定是别人干的。” must have done 是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测,意思是“一定”,结合语境可知,我没有打电话给你,因此猜测一定有别人给你打了电话 。故选A项。

B.could be

C.must be

D.could have been

12.---Artistic people can be very difficult sometimes. ---Well, you______know---you married one. A.might 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】

考查情态动词词义辨析。A. might可能,也许;B. would将会;C. shall必须,会;D. should应该。句意:---有艺术修养的人有时很难相处。---你应当知道这一点,因为你结婚那位就是搞艺术的。这里是按照常理推断,用should。

B.would

C.shall

D.should

13.-–Mary knows the city quite well. --She______ well have been there before. A.need 【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】【详解】

B.could

C.should

D.may

考查情态动词辨析。句意:——Mary非常了解这个城市。——她肯定以前在那里呆过。may have done过去可能做过某事。表示对过去的肯定猜测。need have done本需要做某事却没做;could have done本可以做某事却没做;should have done本应该做某事却没做。故选D。

14.—It’s already 11 o’clock , and he ______ have been here half an hour ago. —Maybe he got caught in the rain. A.must C.may 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】

考查情态动词。句意:已经11点了,他半小时前就该到了。A. must have done必定做了…(表示对过去的推测);B. ought to have done 本应该做的;C. may have done可能已经做过某事;D. can have done本来可以做的(但没有做),根据题意,故选B。

B.ought to D.can

15.I ______ worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes. A.can’t 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】

考查情态动词。句意:我没有必要担心我的周末,我总是在周末到来之前做好计划。A. can’t 不可能;B. mustn’t禁止;C. daren’t不敢; D .needn’t没有必要。由“I always have my plans ready before it comes ”可知,needn’t “没有必要” 符合句意。故选D。

B.mustn’t

C.daren’t

D.needn’t

16.According to a newly released regulation on online video services, no one _____ generate, release or spread fake news or information by using such technologies.

A.can 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】

B.shall C.will D.may

考查情态动词。句意:根据最新发行的关于网络视频服务的规章,任何人都不可以使用此类技术生成、发行或者传播虚假消息。A. can 能够,有时会;B. shall 一三人称表示征求对方意见; 二三人称陈述句,表示允诺、威胁、恐吓或法律条文的规定。C. will 意愿;D. may 也许,可能。根据前面的regulation(规定)可知,本题选shall更加合理。故选B。

17.You ________ give me a lift. I want to walk home for exercise. A.needn’t 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】

考查情态动词。句意:你不必让我搭车。我想步行回家锻炼身体。A. needn’t不必;B. couldn’t不能;C. can’t不会;D. mustn’t禁止,不允许。根据I want to walk home for exercise.可知,你不必让我搭车。故选A。 考点:考查情态动词

B.couldn’t

C.can’t

D.mustn’t

18.—It’s so hot and uncomfortable here! Why are your windows still closed? —Oh, I’m not to blame. They ________ open. A.shan’t 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

考查情态动词辨析。句意:---这里又热又不舒服!你的窗户怎么还关着? ---哦,不该责备我啊。窗户打不开了。shan’t= shall not意为“不可, 不应”;mustn’t=must not意为“不要”;wouldn't=would not 意为“不会,不愿意”。won’t=will not意为“不会, 不能”, will在这里表示能力、功能。例如:This auditorium will seat one thousand people. 这个礼堂能容纳一千人。这句话意思是“这扇窗不能打开”,故选C项。

B.mustn’t

C.won’t

D.wouldn’t

19.He ______ writing the paper now. He hadn’t written a single word when I left him ten minutes ago. A.shouldn’t be C.can’t be 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】

考查推测句。句意:他现在不可能写完了卷子。我十分钟之前留下他时,他还没有写一个

B.can’t have finished D.mustn’t have finished

字。根据句意可知,此处考查对过去情况的否定推测,其表达为can’t have done不可能做某事,故选B项。 【点睛】 本题考查推测句

对过去情况的肯定推测是must have done 对过去情况的否定推测是can’t/couldn’t have done 例如:

The ground is wet, so it must have rained last night.

He can’t have finished his work, because he played basketball all day yesterday.

20.--Is Jack still in hospital? --Yes. He _________ the bad food. A.wouldn’t eat C.wouldn’t have eaten 【答案】D 【解析】

试题分析:句意;--杰克孩子医院吗?--是,他本不应该吃坏的食物的。因为是过去吃了坏食物,所以排除AB,这里的shouldn’t have done表示“过去本不应该做而做了”,wouldn’t have done过去本不会做而做了,所以选D。 考点:考查情态动词和虚拟语气

B.shouldn’t eat D.shouldn’t have eaten

21.It turned out that the hotel was so near. I ______ the taxi. A.needn't have taken B.must have taken 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】

考查情态动词。句意:结果证明这家宾馆非常近。我本不必乘坐出租车。needn’t have done表示“本不必做某事实际上做了”,根据句意,旅馆很近不用乘坐出租车,但是乘车了。故选A。

C.should take

D.could take

22.—I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. —It true because there was little snow there. A.may be not 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

考查情态动词辨析。句意:我听说他们去年冬天去山里滑雪。--不可能是真的,因为那里几乎没有雪。A. may be not可能不;B. won’t be 不会;C. couldn’t be不可能是; D. mustn’t be禁止。根据because there was little snow there.可知这里是否定推测,couldn’t be“不可能

B.won’t be

C.couldn’t be

D.mustn’t be

是”符合句意,故选C项。

23.I ______my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes. A.should pass C.had passed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】

考查情态动词+have done的用法。句意为:我本来能够轻松地通过这次考试的,但是我犯了太多愚蠢的错误。结合语境可知,此处考查虚拟语气,且与过去的事实相反,应用could/would/might have done的结构,could have passed本能通过(事实上未通过),故选B项。 【点睛】

本题考查情态动词的过去式+have done的虚拟语气的用法,常见结构有should/shouldn’t have done; could/couldn’t have done/ would/wouldn’t have done/ need/ needn’t have done/ might have done 例如:

Without your help, I couldn’t have passed the test.如果没有你的帮助,我本不能通过测试。 It cleared up, I needn’t have brought the umbrella.天放晴了,我本没有必要带伞的。

B.could have passed D.must have passed

24.—Are you going on a holiday after the exam?

—Well, I haven’t decided yet. I ________ find some other choices. A.would 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】

考查情态动词辨析。句意:——考试后你要去度假吗?——嗯,我还没有决定。我可能会发现一些其他的选择。A. would将会;B. might可能;C. must必须;D. should应该。根据上文“ I haven't decided yet”可推断,我可能还有别的选择,表示可能性,might符合语境,故选B。

B.might

C.must

D.should

25.—Peter, you delivered a wonderful speech today.

—Thanks, but I think I ______ more attention to my stage manners during that time. A.must pay C.must have paid 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】

考查情态动词+have done。句意:---彼得,你今天的演讲很精彩。---谢谢,但我认为在那

B.should pay D.should have paid

段时间我应该多注意我的舞台礼仪。should have done表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做某事。由“but”可知,我那段时间本应该多注意我的舞台礼仪,而实际上并没有注意。故选D项。

26.—May you live longer, grandpa! —Thank you! It's the favorite wish I _____. A.should have waited for C.may have waited for 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】

考查情态动词+‘have done’形式。 句意:—爷爷祝您长寿!—谢谢,这是我能够等待到的最喜欢的愿望。A. should have waited for 本应该等待; B. must have waited for 一定在等待;C. may have waited for可能已经等待; D. could have waited for可以已经等待的。 表示可以等到的愿望用could have waited for。故选D。 【点睛】

情态动词have done不仅是高中英语教学的重点和难点,也是高考的重点。情态动词have done有两大功能:一是表示推测;二是表示虚拟。

must have done过去一定做了某事,根据must的本意即可推敲出意思,比较好理解。 The lights were out. They must have been asleep. 灯灭了,他们应该睡觉了。

should have done本该做某事却没做,should是应该,重点记忆最后的结果是没做某事。 You should have told her that you loved her.你本应该告诉她你爱她。

could have done字面意思是可能已经做了某事,也可用作本能做却没做某事,重点记忆最后的结果是没做。

You could have reviewed, but you played games all night.你本可以复习的,但你一晚上都在玩游戏。

may have done也许已经做了某事。

B.must have waited for D.could have waited for

27.—I phoned you yesterday morning. A girl answered, but I didn’t recognize the voice. —Oh, it ________ my younger sister. She was in my room at that moment. A.must have been C.could have been 【答案】A

B.should have been D.may have been

【解析】 【详解】

考查情态动词。句意:—昨天上午我给你打电话。一个女孩回答的,但我没听出谁的声音。—哦,那一定是我妹妹。她那一刻正在我的房间里。情态动词加动词的现在完成式形式,表示对过去的推测。A. must have been表示一定做了某事。用于肯定推测;B. should have been 本应该,表示应该做而没有做某事。C. could have been用于肯定句时,表示可能做了某事。更常用于否定推测;D. may have been可能做过某事。表示可能性很小。结合语境判断,表示非常肯定的推测,故选A。

28.You can’t imagine that a well –behaved gentleman ______ be so rude to a lady. A.might 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

考查情态动词辨析。句意: 你无法想象一个行为良好的绅士会对一位女士如此粗鲁A. might可能;B. need需要 ;C. should竟然; D. would会。由You can’t imagine that a well –behaved gentleman. 可知,should“竟然”符合句意。故选项C项。

B.need

C.should

D.would

29.We’ll make the final decision on our scheme. ______ you change your mind, please inform us as soon as possible. A.Should 【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意:我们将对我们的计划做最后决定。如果你改变主意,请尽快通知我们。根据语境,此处用虚拟语气,表示与将来相反,从句用should+动词原形,省略if,should提前,陈述句是:If you should change your mind……。故选A。 【点睛】 虚拟语气中的倒装

当虚拟条件句中含有 were,had,should时,可以将if省略,然后将 were,had,should,移至句首:

1)If he should fail, he would kill himself. →Should he fail, he would kill himself. 万一失败,他就会自杀。 2)If I were you, I would do it at once. →Were I you, I would do it at once. 假若我是你,我就会马上做。 要是我能做此事,我一定会做。

B.Were

C.Would

D.Had

3)If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. →Had he seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 他昨天要是看到了你,他就会问你这事了。

该小题属于上述的第一种情况。should作为情态动词,有一种特殊的用法:在虚拟条件状语从句中表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,可以把should放在句首,即主语前,从而省略从属连词if。原来的表述为:If you should change your mind。故选A。

30.—Where is my dictionary?I remember I put it here yesterday. —You___it in the wrong place. A.must put C.might put 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】

B.should have put D.might have put

考查情态动词。句意:——我的词典在哪里?我记得昨天放在这里了。——你或许放错了地方。“might have +动词+ed形式”表示过去可能完成的动作。根据所提供的情景Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.可判断出把词典放在某个地方发生在过去,所以要用“might have +动词+ed形式”。“should have + 动词+ed形式”表示“(过去)本来应该做某事”。must意为“一定”,是肯定的推测,与所提供的情景的矛盾。might put表示现在发生的事。故选D。

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