2019届高三英语科普文和故事类阅读理解含答案

2019届高三英语科普文和故事类阅读理解含答案

科普文1

Terraforming (Earth-forming) other planets, also known as planetary engineering (行星工程), seems like a task still centuries away for mankind to accomplish. However, it is a vigorous topic that attracts both popular and scientific interest. Why should the possibility of terraforming other planets be studied when it may be centuries before we know enough to even decide if it’s a good idea?

Mankind is getting more and more hard facts about other planets. The atmosphere of Venus has been explored; robots have surveyed the surface of Mars; Mercury, Jupiter and Saturn have been studied by spacecraft. Speculations have been answered; new questions have been raised, and enough hard data is right now becoming available to allow us to make the first attempt of planetary engineering.

In the past, people with excellent ideas about terraforming have kept them to themselves, or buried them in a desk drawer because they did not realize that anyone else was interested. But now, a wide circle of people has begun to do this kind of work. For instance, NASA funded a project on transforming Mars.

There are several strong reasons which demand that the possibilities of terraforming be studied carefully. First, it’s an exciting idea of a possible future for human beings. Such thinking has a valuable role in providing options for our

future directions. Secondly, the techniques of terraforming will also help contemporary technologies in weather and climate control. Thirdly, such study may assist us in detecting any possible existence of extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI, The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, 地外文明搜索) and alien (异己的) civilizations on other planets.

Though the mission is far beyond our reach at the moment, we should at least keep our options open. Through debate and study on this subject, the possibility of rebuilding other planets to make them suitable homes for people may come true some day in the future.

54. According to the context, what’s the meaning of the word “speculation” in paragraph 2?

A. The act of discussing something with a group of people.

B. The act of studying and researching.

C. The act of guessing without knowing all the facts about something.

D. The acting of writing letters to a certain organization.

55. Why did people keep the idea of terraforming to themselves in the past?

A. They thought no one else would show interest in the idea.

B. They gradually came to find the idea crazy.

C. They thought the idea would never come true.

D. They had few resources for further study on this topic.

56. Which is NOT the reason to support the study of terraforming?

A. Even if we don’t succeed in terraforming, such study may help us to better understand technologies such as climate and weather control.

B. Such study may explore a new direction of development for human beings.

C. Such study may enable us to find the lives on other planets.

D. As the resources on Earth are being drained, it’s very urgent to study how to migrate (迁移) to other planets.

57. What’s the main idea of the article?

A. It’s highly possible that terraforming other planets will come true so we should increase investing in this program.

B. Even if the idea of terraforming other planets may take centuries to realize, we have many reasons to support such studies.

C. Terraforming other planets is the best option for human being’s future.

D. More and more people are taking planetary engineering as their occupation.

54-57 CADB

科普文2

Cooking Kills Four Million People a Year

Polluted airborne particles(大气悬浮颗粒) kill 7 million people a year, reports the World Health Organization.

That news may not come as a surprise to anyone who has seen images of chimneys in Beijing, Delhi or Mexico. But those factories－or even the jammed roadways of modern cities－are not the biggest killer. Each year, some 4.3 million people die earlier than they should because of polluted air inside their homes, says the WHO.

What's causing the air inside people's homes to be so poisonous that it kills around 11,000 people a day? Stoves. “Having an open fire in your kitchen is like burning 400 cigarettes an hour.” says Kirk Smith, a professor at the University of California at Berkeley, whose research suggests that household air pollution from cooking killed between 3.5 million and 4 million people in 2013.

Not all stoves cause this kind of harm. The ones Smith's talking about are those that the 3 billion people in the developing world use for heat and cooking, which burn solid fuels such as wood, coal, or crop waste instead of gas. The smoke from those fires produces harmful fine particles and carbon monoxide into homes. Poor ventilation then prevents that smoke from escaping, raising fine particle levels 100 times higher than the limits that the WHO considers acceptable.

Breathing this air day in day out eventually causes a lot of diseases: more than a third of the 4.3 million die of a stroke, while a quarter die of heart disease. And around one-third of annual lung disease deaths worldwide are due to waste from coal stoves.

Exposure tends to be extremely harmful for the people who spend the most time around the fire－usually women and young children. In fact, the WHO reports that household air pollution almost doubles the risk for childhood lung disease.

12. According to Kirk Smith's research,________.

A. factories are the biggest killer worldwide nowadays

B. burning 400 cigarettes an hour is extremely dangerous

C. household air pollution from cooking is surprisingly harmful

D. some 4.3 million people die earlier each year than they should

13. What should be the deadly killer in a household kitchen?

A. Solid fuels. B. Coal stoves. C. Poor gas. D. Cooking smoke.

14. The underlined word “ventilation” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________.

A. airing B. cooking C. burning D. cooling

15. The author intends to tell people ________.

A. how to avoid polluted air in their homes

B. to stop cooking in the household kitchen

C. to guard against household pollution from cooking

D. how to prevent childhood lung diseases in household

12. 【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中...whose research suggests that ...in 2013.可知此项研究表明由于做饭导致的室内空气污染造成了350～400万人死亡,说明室内空气污染的危害之大。

13. 【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段可知并不是所有的炉子(stove)都有危害,有危害的是燃烧固体燃料(solid fuels)之后产生的烟(smoke)。

14. 【答案】A

【解析】词义猜测题。句意：不好的ventilation 不能使烟排到室外。根据常识可知是室内通风条件不好。air 及物动词,使房间通风, 透气。故答案选A。

15. 【答案】C

【解析】推理判断题。A：如何避免家中的空气污染,本文没有给出具体的措施。B：告诉人们不要在厨房做饭,本文没有告诉读者不要在厨房做饭,而且也不符合常理。C：告诉人们提防由于做饭而引起的室内污染,本文主要介绍了由于做饭产生的烟所带来的危害,因此C是正确答案。D：如何防止孩子得肺病,内容太宽泛了,所以不对。

科普文3

Have you ever looked toward the sky on a fall day and witnessed a group of migrating birds? If so, you probably noted the V-shaped formation of the birds or the birds flying in a ball-like formation. Why do birds fly this way? Many theories have been developed to explain the formation patterns of different types of birds.

One theory is that birds fly in certain formations to take advantage of the laws of nature. The birds know that flying in a V-shaped pattern will save energy. Like the lead cyclist in a race who decreases wind force for the cyclists who follow, the

lead bird cuts wind force for the birds that follow. This decrease in wind force means that the birds use up to 70 percent less energy during their flight. When the lead bird becomes tired, a more rested bird takes over that position.

But saving energy is important for more than one reason. Sometimes food is short during migration flights. Keeping energy enables the birds to fly longer distances between meals.

When food is sighted, the birds guide one another in a different way. When a bird identifies a familiar feeding area, it might turn around in order to signal the group to change direction. Then, this bird becomes the new leader. It helps guarantee that other birds will know exactly where it is going. Then the whole group makes a change in direction, gently streaming from the sky down to the ground. This formation is like an arrow pointing to the location of food.

Scientists have also studied the birds that sometimes fly in a ball-like formation. Researchers believe that the birds come together if a predator(天敌)is spotted. The predator may then become impatient waiting for a single bird to fly away from the group. The birds will often dip and dive as a group, frustrating even the most persistent enemy. Scientists report that this is a very effective method of defense against an attack.

The birds care for their fellow fliers through teamwork. As transportation expert Henry Ford once said, “If everyone is moving forward together, then success takes care of itself.” When it comes to teamwork, these feathered fliers

are a soaring success!

61. According to the passage, we can learn that birds ________.

A. move faster than cyclists

B. prefer to fly in a V formation

C. are smarter than other animals

D. play different roles in a formation

62. When food is sighted,________.

A. the group follows the discoverer

B. the lead bird decides what to do

C. the discoverer leaves the group

D. the whole group forms a stream

63. To protect themselves from attack, birds will________ .

A. break into groups

B. come close together

C. change directions

D.fly up and down

. Which is the best title for the passage?

A.A Bird's-Eye View of Teamwork

B. Success Takes Care of Itself

C. The Strongest Will Survive

D.A Science Behind Flying

61. 【答案】D

【解析】推理判断题。文中介绍的三种队形的飞行中,鸟类都是依靠团队的协作来完成飞行、觅食及抵御天敌的进攻等各种活动,因此本题选D,其他三项都没有在文中明确提到。

62. 【答案】A

【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段前三句 When food is sighted, the birds guide one another in a different way. When a bird identifies a familiar feeding area, it might turn around in order to signal the group to change direction. Then, this

bird becomes the new leader.可知A项正确。

63. 【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段第二、三句Researchers believe that the birds come together if a predator(天敌) is spotted. The predator may then become impatient waiting for a single bird to fly away from the group.可知本题答案为B。

. 【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意题。从文章的内容看,作者介绍了鸟类的三种飞行模式,它们都是利用了团队协作来完成各种活动的,故选A。

故事类阅读1

Rescue

The girl was hanging by her hands from the railings of a balcony(阳台的栏杆). The balcony was on the twelfth floor of the high rise block next to his. His flat was on the ninth floor and he had to look up to see her. It was half past six in the morning. He had been awakened by the sound of an aircraft flying dangerously low overhead, and had got out of bed to look. His sleepy eyes, moved from the blue sky which was empty of cloud, empty of anything but the bright disappearing arrow of the aircraft, and then rested on the hanging figure.

He really thought he must be dreaming, for this sunrise time was the hour for

dreams. Then, when he knew he wasn’t, he decided it must be a scene in a film. There were cameramen down there, a whole film unit, and all the correct safety precautions had been taken. Probably the girl wasn’t even a real girl, but a dummy(假人).He opened the window and looked down. The car park, paved courts, grass spaces between the blocks, all were deserted. On the balcony rail one of the dummy’s hands moved, desperately. He had to believe then what was obviously happening. The girl was trying to kill herself. She had lost her courage and now was trying to stay alive. All these thoughts and conclusions of his occupied about thirty seconds. Then he acted. He picked up the phone and dialed the emergency number for the police.

The arrival of the police cars and the rescue of the girl became the focus of talk for the people of the two blocks. Someone found out that it was he who had called the police and he became an unwilling hero. He was a modest, quiet young man, and was in relief when the talk began to die away. Again he was able to enter and leave his flat without being pointed at as a kind of St George and sometimes even congratulated.

About a fortnight after that morning, he was getting ready to go to the theatre, just putting on his overcoat, when the doorbell rang. He didn’t recognize the girl who stood outside. He had never seen her face. She said, “I’m Lydia Simpson. You saved my life. I’ve come to thank you.”

1. What did the man do first after he got up?

A. He looked down from the window.

B. He went to see the noisy aircraft.

C. He called the police to save the girl.

D. He hurried to check who was outside.

2. The moment the man saw the girl hanging there, he felt it was A. scaring

B. desperate

C. unbelievable

D. dangerous

3. We can learn from the passage that .

A. the man disliked to be talked about

B. the girl was unwilling to be rescued

C. the police arrived quickly on the scene

.

D. the girl was actually an actress in a film

BCA

118. 【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第五、六句He had been awakened by the sound of an aircraft flying dangerously low overhead, and had got out of bed to look. His sleepy eyes, moved from the blue sky...他被一个低位飞行的飞机的声音吵醒了,然后起床去看。他惺忪的睡眼,从蔚蓝的天空掠过……可知他起床后的第一件事就是看嘈杂的飞机。所以选择B。

119. 【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段He really thought he must be dreaming, for this sunrise time was the hour for dreams. 他真的以为自己是在做梦,因为太阳升起的时刻正是做梦的时候。可知当他看到挂在阳台上的女孩时,他感觉是难以置信的。所以选择C。

120. 【答案】A

【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二、三句...he became an unwilling hero. He was a modest, quiet young man, and was in relief when the talk began to die away. 他成了一个不情愿的英雄。他是一个温和的、安静的年轻人,当那些谈论渐渐消失的时候他感到如释重负。可以推断他不喜欢被谈论。所以选择A。

故事类阅读2

My First Marathon

A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.

I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn't do either well. He later informed me that I was “not athletic”.

The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!

The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.

Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!

At mile 3, I passed a sign: “GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!”

By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.

By mile 21, I was starving!

As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.

I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.

Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.

（1）A month before the marathon, the author ____________.

A. was well trained B. felt scared

C. made up his mind to run D. lost hope

（2）Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?

A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.

B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.

C. To show he was not talented in sports.

D. To share a precious memory.

（3）How was the author's first marathon?

A. He made it. B. He quit halfway.

C. He got the first prize. D. He walked to the end.

（4）What does the story mainly tell us?

A. A man owes his success to his family support.

B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.

C. Failure is the mother of success.

D. One is never too old to learn.

【答案】（1）C （2）C （3）A （4）B

故事类阅读3

When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, \"Do you have the address? \"\"No, but

I'll recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine. \"

\"Oh, stop. There it is!\"

The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.

\"May I help you?\" a man asked. \"No,\" I said. \"We're fine.\" Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren't that interested in? Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. \"Where do you think you are?\" he asked. I turned sharply. \"The McNay Art Museum!\" He smiled, shaking his head. \"Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street.\" \"What's this place?\" I asked, still confused. \"Well, it's our home.\" My heart jolted(震颤). I raced to the staircase and called out, \"Sally! Come down immediately! \"

\"There's some really good stuff(艺术作品）up there.\"She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying, \"Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place.\" Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldn't believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.

The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were

there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.

Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. \"Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum?\"

\"Yes. But how do you know? We never told anyone. \"

\"That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feelings about my home changed after that. I've always wanted to thank you.\"

（1）What do we know about Marian McNay?

A. She was a painter.

B. She was a community leader.

C. She was a museum director.

D. She was a journalist.

（2）Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house?

A. She disliked people who were nosy.

B. She felt nervous when talking to strangers.

C. She knew more about art than the man.

D. She mistook him for a tour guide.

（3）How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall?

A. Puzzled. B. Concerned. .

C. Frightened. D. Delighted.

（4）What could we learn from the last paragraph?

A. People should have good taste to enjoy life.

B. People should spend more time with their family.

C. People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.

D. People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.

【答案】（1）A （2）D （3）A （4）C