复合句(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)学案

复合句（定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句）

定语从句

考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句

1．whose是一个表示所属关系的词，在定语从句中作定语，of which可以代替whose指物，词序一般是名词＋of which或of which＋名词。of whom 可以代替whose指人，词序是名词＋of whom。

2．which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词用that；which代指前面整个句子内容。

3．who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

考点二 介词提前了的定语从句

1．与定语从句中的动词构成搭配。

2．与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配。

3．of＋which/whom表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose)

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考点三 关系副词引导的定语从句

1．关系副词在定语从句中作状语，when指时间，where指地点，why指原因，在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。

2．先行词是时间名词或地点名词时，如果在从句中不作状语，则不能用when或where引导定语从句，而要用which/that。

考点四 先行词为point, situation, case等的定语从句

point，situation，case，activity等，从表面上看它们不是表地点的，但却表示类似地点的意义，因此它们作先行词时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，那么这个引导词要用where；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。

名词性从句

考点一 主语从句

主语从句在主句中作主语，位于主句谓语动词之前，但多数情况下由it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句子的后面，其句型结构为：It＋be＋n./adj.＋that/whether/why/when＋从句。

考点二 同位语从句

1．同位语从句常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt 等名词的后面，是对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明前面名

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词的具体含义。

2．同位语从句与定语从句的区别：

同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明，引导词只起引导作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。

考点三 表语从句

表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句的系动词之后。引导表语从句的连词有that，whether，as if；疑问代词有who，what，which；疑问副词where，why，when，how等。

考点四 “疑问词＋ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”的区别

“疑问词＋ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”虽然都有“无论……”的意思，但是用法有区别：“疑问词＋ever”既可以引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句，而“no matter＋疑问词只能用来引导状语从句。

状语从句

考点一 时间状语从句

1．表示时间的状语从句可以由when，whenever，as，while，before，until，ever since ，as soon as等词引导。

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【温馨提示】when可表原因，意为“既然”。

How can you expect to learn anything when you never listen? 既然你什么也听不下去你怎么期望学东西呢？ 2．as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the minute，the instant，no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...和once(一……就……)这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。

3．no sooner...than和hardly...when引导的从句表示“刚……就……”。主句中的动词一般用过去完成时，从句用过去时。若把no sooner, hardly提到句首，主句须倒装。

考点二 条件状语从句

1．通常由if，unless如果不，除非，as(so)long as 只要，in case “结果，万一”等连词引导。

2．由on condition(that)；provided(that)；providing(that)(假若；倘使)；supposing(that)等引导的条件状语从句。

考点三 地点状语从句

1．通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。

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2．地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。

Where there's a will，there's a way. 有志者事竟成。 考点四 让步状语从句

1.由although，though，as引导的状语从句although和though同义，用法基本相同。前者较正式，多置于句首；后者较通俗、口语化。

【温馨提示】 as引导的让步状语从句多用于书面语，语序要倒装。

Child as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他是个孩子，但是他知道得很多。 2．even if, even though表示“即使，纵然”，有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。

3．whether(...or)引导让步状语从句，提供两个或两个以上的假设。

4．由疑问词＋ever引导让步状语从句。

考点五 原因状语从句

原因状语从句常用because, since, as, for引导，还可用now that (既然)，considering that...(考虑到……)，not that...but that(不是因为……而是因为)等引导。

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考点六 结果状语从句

结果状语从句由so that, so...that, such that, such...that等词引导。

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复合句专项练习

1. The school shop, ______ customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.

A. which B. whose C. when D. where

2. The old town has narrow streets and small houses ____ are built close to each other.

A. they B. where C. what D. that

3. Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of _______ she spoke fluently.

A. who B. whom C. which D. that

4. Mother bought many tomatoes from the market two days ago, ________ some have gone bad due to the bad weather.

A. of those B. from which C. of which D. in which

5. As a teacher, I seldom give my students so difficult a problem _______ they cannot work out.

A. that B. if C. in order that D. as

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6. It is still under discussion ___ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.

A. whether B. when C. which D. where

7. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do ______ it takes to save her life.

A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever

8. Being angry is OK, but knowing how to tell someone _______ made you angry is important.

A. that B. which C. why D. what

9. In recent years, there has been a heated argument about ________ it is necessary for children to learn English from an early age.

A. whether B. if C. what D. that

10. The whole family were worried about Jane because no one was aware _____ she had gone.

A. that where B. of the place which C. of what D. of where

11. He had no sooner finished his speech ________ the students started

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cheering.

A. since B. as C. when D. than

12. As is reported, it is 100 years ________ Qinghua University was founded.

A. when B. before C. after D. since

13. No matter how ________, it is not necessarily lifeless.

A. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may be

C. may a desert be dry D. dry may a desert be

14. Having checked everything, he sat down to do his homework, ________ he heard a lightening strike the electricity pole in the backyard.

A. for B. when C. or D. but

15. If you are traveling ______ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.

A. in which B. what C. when D. where

16. -- Could you please cut the price a little?

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-- Er ... ________ you buy more than ten.

A. even if B. so long as C. in case D. as soon as

17. It was foolish of you to take a taxi __ you could easily walk there in five minutes.

A. though B. as long as C. so that D. when

18. ________ one is fully prepared, out door sports can sometimes mean injuries.

A. Until B. Because C. When D. Unless

19. There she was, standing exactly ________ I had left her, crying bitterly.

A. when B. that C. where D. in which

20. The new teacher was so well organized that she began ________ we stopped yesterday so that no point was left out.

A. when B. in which C. how D. where

21. -- Could you do me a favour?

-- It depends on ________ it is.

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A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever

22. ________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.

A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. whichever

23. -- It’s thirty years since we last met.

-- But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ___ we got lost on a rainy night.

A. which B. that C. what D. when

24. See the flags on top of the building? That was ________ we did this morning.

A. when B. which C. where D. what

25. A warm thought suddenly came to me ________ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.

A. if B. when C. that D. which

26. The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains.

A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were

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请做下面一组题：

（1）Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _______ some fruit shops.

A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are

（2）The murder happened in an old building, beside ______ the city police station.

A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are

（3）Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _______ a nice restaurant where we can have Chinese food.

A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are

27. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ____ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”

A. that B. which C. where D. what

28. _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

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比较下面一题：

_____ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

再比较下面一组题：

（1）___ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing.

A. Which B. As C. That D. It

（2）______ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing.

A. Which B. As C. That D. It

29. Our company will move to a tall building _______ has just been complete.

A. which B. when C. how D. where

30. Our company will move to a tall building _______ we worked two years ago.

A. where B. when C. that D. which

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附加题

1. David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.

A. that B. who C. as D. whom

比较下面一题：

David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him.

A. that B. who C. as D. whom

请再做以下试题：

It was not such a good dinner _______ she had promised us.

A. like B. that C. which D. as

2. The buses, most of _____ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.

A. that B. it C. them D. which

请再做以下试题：

（1）His house, for _______ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.

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A. that B. it C. them D. which

（2）Ashdown forest, through _______ we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer.

A. that B. it C. them D. which

（3）This I did at nine o’clock, after _______ I sat reading the paper.

A. that B. it C. them D. which

请再做以下试题：

（4）George, with _______ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.

A. that B. him C. them D. whom

（5）Her sons, both of ______ work abroad, will come back home this summer.

A. that B. who C. them D. whom

（6）I met the fruit-pickers, several of _______ were still university students.

A. that B. who C. them D. whom

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3. He had thousands of students, many of ____ gained great success in their own field.

A. whom B. them C. which D. who

比较以下各题：

（1）He asked a lot of questions, none of ______ was easy to answer.

A. which B. them C. what D. that

（2）He asked a lot of questions, and none of ______ was easy to answer.

A. them B. which C. what D. that

（3）He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _______ knew anything about the other.

A. whom B. them C. which D. who

（4）He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of ____ knew anything about the other.

A. them B. whom C. which D. who

4. He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding.

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A. whom B. them C. which D. who

比较：

（1）They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ carried out in their work.

A. which B. them C. what D. that

（2）They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _____ were carried out in their work.

A. which B. them C. what D. that

（3）They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of __ were carried out in their work.

A. which B. them C. what D. that

5. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ________ parents

seated together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

比较以下相似题：

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（1）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were seated together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

（2） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and ______ parents

were seated together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

（3）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ________ parents sitting together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

（4）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ________ parents sat together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

（5）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were sitting together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

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6. If the man is only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is.

A. as B. which C. what D. that

请再做以下试题：

（1）If you promise to go with us, _____ will be OK.

A. as B. which C. and it D. that

（2）If you want a double room, _____ will cost another￡15.

A. as B. which C. what D. that

（3）Whether you go or not, _______ is quite all right with me.

A. that B. which C. and it D. so

（4）When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating.

A. as B. which C. what D. that

7. She says that she’ll never forget the time ______ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.

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A. which B. when C. how D. where

比较下面一组题：

（1）She says that she’ll never forget the time ______ she works as a secretary in our company.

A. which B. when C. how D. where

（2）Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.

A. which B. when C. how D. where

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