新概念英语第三册笔记第44课上课教案

Lesson 44 Speed and comfort 速度和舒适 New words and expression 生词和短语s 生词短语

positively adv. 绝对地，完全地（used to emphasize that sth is true. 绝对地，完全地，简直是）

in positive way.

can you really do it positively? 相当于 sure, of course, certainly, no problem.

positively nonsense 纯属无稽之谈

think positively 对…十分有把握(to think that you are going to be successful)

eg. He thinks positively about the game.

compartment n. 分隔间或单间（轮船的）密封舱 [kəm’pɑ:tmənt]

1、（铁路客车车厢分隔成的）隔间 2、（家具或设备等的）分隔间，隔层(多层的收纳箱)

compart vt.分隔

cramped adj.窄小的 adj. limited in space 狭小的

cramped room cramped office cramped train cramped writing

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cramp [kræmp] n.抽筋，痉挛 clamp n夹具的总称 v 夹住 vice plier

（vt. 束缚，；使…抽筋；以铁箍扣紧 n钳子; 夹子 (Also called cramp iron) [also N in pl]）

have/get a cramp 什么地方抽筋了 /be seized with cramp被什么束缚，

roomy adj.空间大的，宽敞的

a roomy house a roomy car

spacious ['speɪʃəs] adj.宽敞的 （is large in size or area）

a spacious room

capacious [kə'peɪʃəs] adj. able to contain a lot 容量大的

（has a lot of space to put things in. 容量大的 [正式] [usu ADJ n]常做定语）

a capacious bag

commodious [kə'məʊdɪəs] adj.宽敞的（文）

a commodious house

expansive [ɪk'spænsɪv] adj.（土地）辽阔，广阔的 扩张的，健谈的，豪爽的

an expansive village 面积很大的一个村子

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stuffy ['stʌfɪ] adj. 憋气的，闷气的 （闷，不透气的，闷热的） 同义词: airless

eg. The room is getting stuffy.

stifling ['staɪflɪŋ] adj.闷热的，令人窒息的(hot and difficult to breathe in热的难受的，令人感到压抑的)

a stifling crowed carriage 拥挤和闷热的火车车厢

the stifling atmosphere of the court 法庭上令人拘谨的气氛

suffocating ['sʌfəketɪŋ adj.令人窒息的

suffocate vt&vi 使窒息 n 窒息

choke [tʃəʊk] vt. 呛；使窒息；阻塞；抑制；扑灭 vi. 窒息；阻塞；说不出话来n. 窒息；噎；

bad ventilation [,ventɪ'leɪʃ(ə)n] 不好的通风

monotonous [mə'nɒt(ə)nəs] adj. 枯燥的，乏味的 （adj.乏味，单调的，千篇一律boring because there is no variety）

lead a monotonous life

mono--one, single 单一 ['mɒnəʊ]

monoplane n.单翼飞机 monopolist n.专利者，垄断者 monopoly n.专卖，专利权

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have/hold a monopoly on sth

eg. The government holds a monopoly on the postal services.

I don't like the way of your teaching, it is monotonous.

I hate the monotonous rhythm of travelling by train.

同义词：

tedious 乏味的，重点突出long and uninteresting.（boring and frustrating.）

dull = interesting

I can't get along well with Mary, she is a dull girl.

Look at that dull person.

tiresome = tiring 由于疲劳而厌倦

He is tried of sleeping on the floor, because he has done so for ten years.

Long lasting meeting are tiring.

You are a little bit tiresome.

I am tired of doing so. --> be tired of

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I am bored with doing so. --> be bored with

rhythm ['rɪð(ə)m] n. 有节奏的运动 （n. 节奏；韵律；(身体、季节等的) 规律性变化）

the rhythm of heartbeat心律 the rhythm of dancing 舞蹈的节奏 the rhythm of swimming游泳的节奏

rhythmic ['rɪðmɪk] adj.有节奏的，有韵律的

rhythmic gymnastics 韵律操

rhyme n. （诗歌中的）韵律；韵脚；n 押韵短诗；用韵; 押韵；押韵词（技巧或者用词等具体的东西）

vt. 使押韵；用韵诗表达；把…写作诗vi. 押韵；作押韵诗

If one word rhymes with another or if two words rhyme

nursery rhymes 童谣

click [klɪk] v. 发出咔哒声 vt. 点击；使发咔哒声 vi. 作咔哒声 n. 单击；滴答声, 咔哒声

lull [lʌl] v. 催人欲睡

The mother lulled her baby to sleep. --> lull sb to sleep.

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eg. The monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep.

lullaby ['lʌləbaɪ] n.摇篮曲 催眠曲

hypnotize ['hɪpnətaɪz] v.催眠, 给…施催眠术

hypnosis [hɪp'nəʊsɪs] 催眠；催眠状态

hypnotic [hɪp'nɒtɪk] 安眠药；催眠状态的人 adj. 催眠的，催眠术的；易于催眠的

snatch n. 短时，片段

1) to grab 明抢 eg. The thief snatched me and ran off.

2) 抓紧时间，乘机 eg. I managed to snatch an hour's sleep on the train.

3) snatch n. 短时，片段（不限于指时间）

in snatches 断断续续地 in torrents急流般地 1、介词in 2、复数形式

sleep in snatches断断续续的睡了一会儿

a snatch of conversation 一段谈话 a snatch of music一段音乐 a snatch of song一段歌曲

snatches of rain 断断续续的雨

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in fits and starts断断续续 /by fits and starts fit 合适；放置、安装；使胜任，适合；放的下；

cry in fits and starts （癫痫等的）突发；一阵；（强烈感情）发作

fits of laughter阵阵笑声 a fit of coughing一阵咳嗽

off and on/on and off断断续续

eg. The match works off and on

have 4 years of schooling on and off 断断续续的受了四年教育

spell [spel] n.连续不断的时间，一阵子

v&n拼写; 拼读 n. 咒语；施的魔法；一段时间；魅力，魔力；休息期；

a cold spell一连几天的冷空气 a foggy spell一连数天的大雾

in waves一阵一阵地

have pain in waves一阵一阵地疼

eg. The pain comes in waves.

sleeper n. 卧铺 （睡觉者）

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seat 坐票 sleeper or seat

soft sleeper, hard sleeper, soft seat, hard seat

fumble ['fʌmb(ə)l v.乱摸，摸索 把手伸进书包找钥匙，也不去看，就摸来摸去

（用双手笨手笨脚地）乱摸to move with hands awkwardly

Fumble for 摸索着寻找什么东西

fumble for keys fumble for tickets in the pocket

fumble with笨手笨脚地做

fumble with chopsticks fumble with fork and knife

fumble one's way in the darkness 在黑暗中摸索前行

He fumbled in his pocket for the key. 他在口袋里摸索着钥匙。

inspection n.检查 eg:

卫生检查

carry out an inspection 用介词of表示对象

carry out an inspection of school carry out an inspection of prison

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inspect vt. 检查；视察；检阅 vi. 进行检查；进行视察

检查时 you look at every part of it carefully in order to find out about it or check that it is all right

视察、检阅时：When an official inspects a place or a group of people, they visit it and check it carefully

examine 最普通用词，可指粗略地查看，也可指仔细观察或调查以确定事物的性质、功能、特点等。

scan 原义是仔细地检查分析，现用于指细看或浏览。

inspect 侧重按一定质量标准检查某物，找出不足或不同之处。

investigate 指为发现事实或了解掌握情况而进行深入细致的现场考察。

inspect passengers' tickets inspect the troops

scrutinize ['skru:tənaɪz] v.详细地查看（仔细察看）

eg. The antique dealer scrutinized the painting closely.

survey v.调察survey n. 名词读作ˈsɜːveɪ。动词读作sɜːˈveɪ

you try to find out detailed information about a lot of different people or things, usually by asking people a series of questions. 调查

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do a survey 高一调查

/carry out a survey /conduct a survey

a survey of modern English literature

poll [pəʊl] n. 投票；测验；投票数；投票所vt. 投票；剪短；对…进行测验；获得选票vi. 投票

inquiry 普通常用词，指正式调查，也指一般的打听或查询。

survey 多指为写书面报告而进行的测验或调查。

investigation 一般指有系统的调查以得到希望发现或需要知道的事。

research 指科学工作者等为揭示自然规律或获取某个领域的新知识而进行长时间的调查研究。

inevitably adv. 必然地

Human beings are motal,so inevitably we make mistakes,no matter how wise and eminent you are.

Inevitable adj. 必然的，不可避免的

inevitability [ɪn,evɪtə'bɪlətɪ] n 必然性

invariable adj.总是，常常

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eg. His invariable answer is \"wait and see\".

destination n.目的地

exhaust v.使精疲力尽 （注意其宾语，既可以是人的，可以是事物的）

I am exhausted. 我筋疲力尽了 exhaust oneself弄得精疲力竭

exhaust one's energies费尽气力 exhaust one's strength费尽力气

exhaust funds耗尽资金 exhaust patience失去耐心

同义词

be tired out: very tried after a lot of hard work, traveling etc.

I am tired out.

wear out 使疲劳，使磨损 be worn out: by working very hard and then be tired out

Look, your dress is worn out. 瞧，你的衣服穿坏了

After a day's work hard, I am worn out. eg. I felt worn out after a sleepless night.

knock sb out 把某人打昏，使疲劳

That's a miracle that the old lady knocked the boxer out.

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The arduous work knocked me out. 这项艰难的工作使我筋疲力尽。

fatigue [fə'tiːg] 使筋疲力尽，使疲劳（书面） (金属、木材的) 疲劳（概念上）

The piece of work fatigues me.

work to the bone 累得筋疲力尽

eg. The workaholic worked to the bone.

spent adj. extremely tired 极度疲劳的

a spent runner a spent horse

keep fresh 精神饱满

full of beans 精力充沛的

motorway n.快车道 （高速公路，新词，特指为车辆快速通行而修的专线，美语为freeway或expressway）

highway 通常指市区外可以通行各种机动车辆的交通干线。

route 指从此处通往彼处的路线、路程等。

avenue 在美国，指城市中一侧或两侧建筑物林立的大道或马路；而在英国则常指通住乡村大住宅、私庄园或两旁栽树的道路。

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trail 指人或兽在森林、荒野或山中踩出的小径或崎岖小道。

street 尤指城市中的道路，往往一侧或两侧有高大建筑物；还可指城市小镇、近郊可供人、车、马行走的平坦道路。

path 多指由人或动物在田间、小丘或树丛中经常走动而踩出的小路，也指公园或花园等供人走的小径。

motorway 高速公路，新词，特指为车辆快速通行而修的专线，美语为freeway或expressway。

way 普通用词，含义广泛，可指各种路、道或通道，也可指抽象的道路。

road 指连接两地间供行人或车辆使用的广阔平坦的大道，多指公路，也可用于引申意义。

pavement 在英国，多指街道两旁的人行道，而美国人常用sidewlk表示人行道。

lane [leɪn] 指农村或城镇的小道或小径，车道（划线，行车，超车）；航线；也指小巷、胡同

ferry n. 渡船

liner 班船，游轮；内衬

Vessel [‘vesl] n.轮船, 大木船（非常正式的表达方式, 用于文学体中, 可以代替ship、boat）

2、（人或动物的）血管，脉管；（植物的）导管

Ship n.大船；舰艇 Boat n.小船, 艇（比ship小, 在非正式的场合可以替换）

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Lifeboat raft dinghy canoe warship submarine

aircraft carrier destroyer驱逐舰 Battleship战列舰 cruiser巡洋舰 [kru:z r] frigate [‘frɪɡət] (小型)护卫舰

cruise [kru:z]乘船游览;以平稳的速度行驶; 巡行 やまと 满载排水量72,808吨 大舰巨炮时代

cruise [kru:z] n.巡游船

cruise乘船游览;以平稳的速度行驶; 巡行

civilize v.使文明（使开化；西方的殖民思想）

adj. civil 公民的；民用的；文职的；有礼貌的；根据民法的

civilized 文明的；有礼貌的

n. civilization 文明；文化

civilisation （英）文明（等于civilization）

vi. civilise 变成文明社会（等于civilize）

vt. civilise 教化；文明化；使开化

citizen n. 公民；市民；老百姓

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civilian n. 平民，百姓

citizen 指拥有某国国籍或有某地区合法身份的人，即公民。

native 指土生土长的本地居民。

civilian 指相对于军人或的平民百姓。

resident 多指长期居住或暂时居住的民民，有时也指旅居者。 Reside [rɪ'zaɪd] vi. 住，居住；属于

inhabitant 最普通用词，一般指常住居民。 Inhabit vt. 栖息；居住于；占据

spacious ['speɪʃəs] adj. 宽敞的

Is your classroom spacious?

Our classroom is not so spacious as that one.

I would like to lie in the spacious classroom instead of sitting here.

同义词：rommy

a roomy house

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capacious 容量大的 capacity 容量

commodious [kə'məʊdɪəs]宽敞的，便利的 roomy and conventient

The cinema is commodious = The cinema is both roomy and convenient.

expansive 易膨胀的，广阔的

I'd like to appreciate expansive sea/ocean. 我喜欢欣赏浩瀚的海洋

vast 幅员辽阔的

The desert in our country is vast, that is a major problem

extensive 广泛的，广阔的 extensive reading 泛读 intensive reading 精读

You can enlarge your vocabulary by intensive reading.

widespread 流传广的，分布广的

The kind of news is widespread.

far-reaching 触及很远的，流传久远的

I have a good idea and it is far-reaching.

seasick adj.晕船的

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airsick 晕飞机的/ carsick 晕车的 bussick 晕公交车的

bicyclesick 晕自行车的 homesick 想家的。

don’t negotiate with terrorists won’t leave you hehind

intimidate v.恐吓，恫吓 Nothing can intimidate me. 美国对的态度

intimidate v. 恫吓，威胁做某事（you deliberately make them frightened enough to do what you want them to do）（突出使害怕）

timid ['tɪmɪd] adj. 胆小，害羞的

intimidate sb into doing sth eg. The witness was intimidated into giving false testimony.

threaten v.威胁 （对不服者给予惩罚）不服从我的话，我就要采取行动

threaten to do sth threaten sb with sth

eg. Every time the young couple have words, the wife will threaten to divorce him.

menace ['menəs] （n.威胁；恐吓vi. 恐吓；进行威胁vt. 威胁；恐吓）(系正式用词,用某种意志给以威胁)

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menace sb with sth/menace sb to do sth

eg. Two gangsters menaced us with weapons.

eg. Heavy smoking menaces a person’s health. 威胁到（you mean that the first thing is likely to cause the second thing serious harm. 威胁）

disadvantage n.短处，缺点

Key/answer/shred/advantage/disadvantage/admission/damage + to 一起使用

Exhilarating [ɪɡ'zɪləretɪŋ] adj. 使人高兴的to make lively and cheerful; gladden; elate 非常高级的八级单词

Exhilarate [ɪɡ'zɪləret] vt. 使高兴，使振奋；使愉快

I'm exhilarated by your visit. 对于你的来访我是高兴极了。

同义词：

stimulate 刺激，激励 stimulate sb to do sth.

Your courage stimulated me to do so.

inspire 激励（通过言辞） inspire sb to do

stir [stɜː] 鼓舞，鼓动 Who stired you to do it like this? v. 搅拌；微动；（使）活动；

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激发，打动

spur [spɜː] 刺激 His rude remarks spured me. n. 马刺；鞭策

encourage He always encourages me to study hard when I am unwilling to do so.

Active adj. 积极的；活跃的；主动的；有效的；现役的 n. 主动语态；积极分子

Activate vt. [usu passive] 刺激；使活动；使活泼；使产生放射性 vi. 激活；有活力

Initiate vt. 启动，开始，创始；发起；使初步了解（传授） n. 开始；新加入者，接受初步知识者

Motive n. 动机，目的；主题 adj. 发动的；成为动机的 vt. 使产生动机，激起

Motivate v. 刺激，使有动机，激励/激发…的积极性；成为……的动机；（激起某种行为）

Escapist n.逍遥者 （n. 逃避现实者adj. 逃避现实的）

escapism n.逃避现实主义者

something that helps you to forget about your normal life and think of more pleasant things

hedonist ['hidənɪst] n.享乐主义者 adj. 享乐主义者的 或者中性一点的“快乐主义者”

sip v.呷，v.小口小口地喝，吸吮 drink a little at a time. n. 吸吮 ---> take a sip of 喝一

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点

sip at martini 介词是at

I'm really thirsty, would you mind me taking a sip of your coffee?

I'm so hungry that I want to have a taste of your cake.

You can take a sip of my coffee, but my cake only belongs to me.

Gulp [gʌlp] v./n. 很快很快地喝东西 1 v&n 大口吞下 2 v&n大口地吸

eg. The thirsty cat gulped down a bottle of milk.

take a gulp迅速喝了一口

swallow at one gulp/swallow in one gulp 一口吞下

slurp [slɜːp] v./n. vt. 出声地吃或喝vi. 出声地吃或喝n. 吃的声音； 郭德纲模仿于谦吃饭声音

to make a noisy sucking sound while drinking some kind of liquid

eg. Don't slurp your soup! drink coffee with a slurp

devour 1/狼吞虎咽地吃 2/如饥似渴地读

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champagne [ʃæm'peɪn] n.香槟酒 法语

一种富含二氧化碳的起泡白葡萄酒。原产于法国香槟省，故名

refinement n.精心的安排 n.精制，高雅，精心设计，安排

refine [rɪ'faɪn] v.美化，优化，精炼 （vt. 精炼，提纯；使改善，完善；使…文雅）再次，多次使其fine

Make or become pure; cause to become more cultured, polished in manners; get rid of what is coarse or vulgar; improve by giving great attention to details 宾语可以是各种事物或概念

refine language精炼语言 refine manners使仪态优雅 refine writing style完善写作风格

refine oil提炼石油 refine sugar精炼糖 a woman of great refinement 一个举止文雅的女人

注意这一句 Coffee always refined us. Coffee always made us fresh.

breathtaking adj. 激动人心的

The picture takes my breath. 这幅画太美了。

The girl takes my breath.

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The beautiful dress takes my breath.

decide to go for a trip 决定旅行

We decided to go for a breathtaking trip.

Heartbreaking soar [sɔː] v.高飞 v. to fly 高飞，翱翔

eg. The plane soared high above the clouds. We can't soar in the blue sky.

eg. The prices soar highly 物价飞涨

soaringadj. 高飞的，翱翔的

a soaring eagle 展翅高飞的雄鹰 a soaring prices飞涨的物价 a soaring ambition壮志凌云

a soaring skyscraper高耸的建筑物

sore [sɔː] adj. 疼痛的，痛心的，剧烈的 n. 溃疡，痛处；恨事，伤心事

a sore throat

sour [saʊə] adj. 酸的 adj. 酸的；发酵的；刺耳的；酸臭的；讨厌的

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vi. 发酵；变酸；厌烦vt. 使变酸；使失望n. 酸味；苦事

go sour变酸

effortlessly adv. 不费力地

landscape n.景色 = extraordinary sight 风景；风景画；景色；山水画；乡村风景画；地形；

vt. 对…做景观美化，给…做园林美化；从事庭园设计 西红柿首富，里面的常远

vi. 美化（环境等），使景色宜人；从事景观美化工作，做庭园设计师

同义词：scenery 自然风光 secne 场面 view 透过窗户看到的景色

Our classroom doesn't have a good view.

The rising sun in Tai Mountain is a spectacle.

sight 侧重指旅游观光的风光，包括城市景色或自然风光景色。也指人造景物或奇特的景色。

scene 指具体的、局部的或一时的景色，可以是自然形成的，也可人工造成的。

scenery 指一个国家或某一地区的整体自然风景。

view 普通和词，多指从远处或高处所见的景色。

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landscape 多指在内陆的自然风光。

fresh adj. 精神饱满的

新鲜的 新加的 [ADJ n] “一轮新的调查”、新近的、新颖的、清新的 2、精力充沛的 3、刚从…来的; 刚经历过…的 [v-link ADJ 'from/out of' n]

If you are fresh from a particular place or experience, you have just come from that place or you have just had that experience. You can also say that someone is fresh out of a place

a fresh man Look at that guy, he is really fresh.

Uncrumpled adj. 没有跨下来 He went home fresh and uncrumpled.

Crumple ['krʌmp(ə)l] vt. 弄皱；使一蹶不振vi. 起皱；倒坍；一蹶不振 n. 皱纹；褶皱

crumpled adj 褶皱的

Wrinkle ['rɪŋkl] n. 皱纹vi. 起皱vt. 使起皱纹

Uncrumple [ʌn'krʌmpl] v. 去掉……的皱纹，弄平

Notes on the Text 课文注释

People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air.

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by land/by sea/by air

现在分词短语修饰people

People who travel long distance frequently.

frequently 定期地，经常地 quite often

have to decide = have to make up their mind.

would rather; would sooner 要和动词原形搭配

had better do 最好做... would perfer to do. would rather do.

Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours.

hardly + anyone 等不定式时不倒装，在这相当于nobody; 或 nearly nobody, virtually nobody.

Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey.

take your mind off 摆脱…的困扰 1、stop thinking of something 2、off的意思，远离 比较火公式英语

eg. Hard work is the best way to take your mind off your problems.

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eg. Hard work is the best way to keep you occupied.

take years off you 使看上去年轻一些

take make-up off 卸妆

set/put sb's mind at rest 使某人安心，让人放心

eg. As soon as I take off the plane, I call my mother to put her mind at rest.

turn your mind to 转移注意力

eg. I begin to take my mind off the journey and turn it to the fancy-dress party.

Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep.

partial adj. not complete 部分的，局部的

a partial success 只成功了一部 make a partial recovery 有所好转

of the wheels clicking on 整体是介词of的宾语结构，动名词短语，其中出现了逻辑主语wheels

During the day, sleep comes in snatches.

Come in以什么样的样子、形式呈现、出现、表现 分开看，come出现、来、呈现 in以什么样的形式

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sleep comes in snatches ==sleep in snatches

eg. Between night and day, sleep can not come.

come what may: whatever happens

eg. Come what way, I'll be with you.

eg. As it comes, I'm not fussy. 大惊小怪的，爱挑剔的

At night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so.

关于副词so的用法

If so...

To do so..

If you are lucky enough to get a sleeper, you spend half the night staring at the small blue light in the ceiling, or fumbling to find your ticket for inspection.

Enough to

A sleeper 一张卧铺票，一个卧铺铺位，引申出以卧铺的形式出行

Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted.

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arrive exhausted 形容词做伴随状语

arrive fresh and uncrumpled 精神焕发，毫无倦意

wash clean lick clean die young drink hot

The writer emphasizes disadvantage of travelling by train.

Long car journeys are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read.

Travelling by car is more unpleasant than travelling in the train.

注意这里even的灵活使用

On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on roads with few service stations and too much traffic.

fairly的语气最弱的

more often than not/as often as not/ as soon as not 多半，常常

more often than not 主要用在书面语言当中，means very often ,usually, frequently

eg. More often than not, I lose the key to my bicycle!

By comparison, ferry trips or cruises offer a great variety of civilized comforts.

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by comparison 相比较而言，通过对比

comforts 在这儿指代 service

offer = provide

You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, swim, meet interesting people and enjoy good food--always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm.

Rudder [‘rʌdə(r)] n.舵（飞机或者船的）Full right/left rudder 右满舵，左满舵

Screw 螺旋桨 anchor [‘æŋkə(r)]锚 ankle 脚踝，踝 deck 甲板 compartment密封舱

Screw n.螺丝钉;螺丝;(对螺丝的)旋拧; 诈骗（钱财等） v.用螺丝固定(或拧牢);旋紧;拧紧;拧上去

Always assuming是一个插入语，对前面的内容进行条件上的补充说明。

当然，得在什么情况下。

Assume主观的，没有根据的推测， presume客观的，根据已由状况或者经验的推测。

If it is not, and you are likely to get sea-sick, no form of transport could be worse.

be likely to do 有可能... it is probable that

no… could be worse (the worst)/couldn't be worse 糟的不能再糟了

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no… could be better (the best)/couldn't be better好的不能再好了

could not be + 形容词比较级 can not be + 形容词比较级 no ... could be

Nobody can be more beautiful than you.

No place can/could be better. 没有什么地方比这儿更好

eg. Your suggestion couldn't be better. eg. The weather couldn't be worse!

eg. It couldn't be worse to have a real skeleton in the cupboard!

Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time.

Even if即便，让步，非虚拟

Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice holidays time for the pleasure of travelling by sea.

relatively 相对来讲

be prepared to 做好什么样的准备，后面如果加上消极的概念，则是发自内心，主动选择意

sacrifice sth for sth为什么牺牲什么

Aeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and even hardened travellers are intimidated by them.

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airplanes have the reputation of being dangerous…

eg. Chicago had the reputation of being full of violence and even its local people are more often than not intimidated.

Reputation of：这种结构其实是介词短语做定语，下定义，解释

Harden v. （使）变硬，变坚固；更严肃；（使）变坚强；（使）变冷酷；变明确；（股票等）升水

Hardened adj. 变硬的；坚定的；多为“久经沙场，经验老道，老练的，老油子的”

Veteran 老兵，老手，富有经验的人，经验丰富的 amateur adj.业余的 n.业余爱好者

They also have the grave disadvantage of being the most expensive form of transport. But nothing can match them for speed and comfort.

nothing can match them/they are beyond compare/nothing can compare with them 无与伦比的

match匹敌，比得上（高一考过一次这个意思） for在某方面

ravelling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience.

traveling at a height of 30,000…

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eg. Climbing down at a depth of 3,723 feet, far below the earth, is an exhilarating experience to a pot-holer.

You do not have to devise ways of taking your mind off the journey, for an aeroplane gets you to your destination rapidly.

For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight. The real escapist can watch a free film show and sip champagne on some services.

on some services 在这里指代 on airplane

at some services 在某些航班上

at some flights 在某些班次上

service: a regular journey made by bus, train, boat, or a plane

the 8115 service to Cambridge

But even when such refinements are not available, there is plenty to keep you occupied.

refinements 本文中相当于comforts 还可以理解为 enjoyments

keep sb occupied: to keep sb busy

eg. Homework kept me occupied, as often as not.

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家庭作业常常让我忙得不可开交。

eg. I read myself a book to keep me occupied.

为了自己有事可做，我弄了本书看。

be occupied with

eg. I am occupied with housework! 我正忙着做家务呢！

occupy one's mind

occupy one's thoughts

occupy one's attention 满脑子都是

eg. The motherless kid's sad look occupied all my mind.

An aeroplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world.

You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys.

You really see the shape of the land. If the landscape is hidden from view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky.

…while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky.

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shine v.

eg. He seems to be babe in the woods about computers while he shines brilliantly in selling them.

eg. The cat sunned itself on the ground.

eg. The sun almost dries the forest.

eg. The mountains are bathed in the moonlight!

The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping.

However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled.

however = no matter how

eg. However, his parents decide, one thing is certain, the kid will be motherless or fatherless.

You will not have to spend the next few days recovering from a long and arduous journey.

支持段一般是由一段或两段组成，目的是支持论点。

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每段的开头一句话和最后一句话一定要和主题密切联系。

最主要的方法有三种： 对比法，比较法，例证法

结尾段起到的作用是再次肯定和强调主题，加深读者印象。

段落是由主题句，扩展句组成。 扩展句之后是具体的例子。

想表达不同的理论概念，要用转折句。

主题句应该要简练，要明确地表达中心思想。

主题句应该具有概括性，但是概括又不能太宽泛。

主题句确立之后，还要进一步利用扩展句来说明解释主题句的内容。

重复使用关键词。

内容要连贯。

衔接词的使用

1、起。 at first ,first, firstly, in the beginning, first of all, at present, nowaday, currently, to start with,

to begin with, for one thing, for another, in one hand, in the other hand.

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2、承。 to start with; at the same time; at any rate; besides; apart from; in addition; in addition to; furthermore;

in fact; actually; as a matter of fact; in reality; moreover; no doubt; without any doubt; similarly;

in the same way; meanwhile; in the meantime; obviously; particularly; such as; for example;

for instance; consequently; as a consequence; as a result; what is more; what is better;

3、折。 after all; all the same; anyway; somehow; but; however; nevertheness; nonetheless; conversely;

by this time; on the contray; despite; in despite of; in contempt of; in disregard of; by contrast;

by comparison; fortunately; in other words; on the other hand; unlike; whereas;

4、合。 主要是用来小结上文的或是用做结尾段。

accordingly; as has been noted(above); as has been mentioned; as has been talked of; at last; finally;

lastly; at length; briefly; in brie; in short; in a word; in conculsion; in sum; in summary; to sum up;

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to summarize; to conclude; no doubt; undoubtedly; truly; certainly; positively; surely; obviously;

on the whole;

可以使用谚语作为 topic

as the saying goes; as proverb goes;

可以使用提问法

比如说： illustrate your opinion about friendship

Do you have a good/large circle of friends?

概括法： I quite agree with this idea.

间接开头法： 先叙述别人的观点，然后引出自己的真实看法。

在读文章时

1、注意结构安排

2、找出文章关键词

3、注意每一自然段的段首段尾

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Special difficulties 难点

Cramped and stuffy : not roomy, not spacious lacking space, airless, Lacking space and air

Monotonous : unchanging

Lulls : cause to sleep

In snatches: not continuously

Destination : terminal，Destination is a place where someone are going.

Stretch your legs: have a rest, go for a walk

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

1、 D the great disadvantage that shared by train and car travel alike is

alike : as well D. was adored by the rich and poor alike.

2、c distraction : 转移注意力

such… as 比如… He can speak such languages as English, Japanese, Chinese.

3、c No forms of transport can be more comfortable and faster than aeroplanes.

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4、d 5、b

6、a 如果内心的期望和事实没有关系，表达‘如果’采用的结构形式不是if，不是suppose，而是providing or provided. I’ll take all the shirts if/provided you reduce the price to $1 each.

7、c in addition 表示承上启下，除此外还有

如果用apart from , besides, in addition to , 必须和宾语进行搭配。

It 是形式主语 It is no use crying. 哭没有用。

It is no use pretending that I didn’t see him.. 假装没看见他是没有用的。

8、d if it is not = if it is not calm

be prone to sth. To 在这是介词，相当于be likely to do 表示极有可能。

During cold winter, we are likely to catch cold.

During cold winter, we are prone to cold.

9、b

10、a sit up 不睡觉 = stay up

install 安装，固定 let’s install a television set on the wall..

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11、c spectacle = landscape scenery 自然风光 scene 场景

12、b get over 从…恢复过来 He hasn’t got over his wife’s death

He doesn’t get over his illness. Get away from 从…逃脱掉

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