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How to analyze what you read （writer focus）How to evaluate your thinking: How to Raise Questions? universal standard 1. Questioning goals, purposes, and objective 1. Clarity in thinking. What’s the central purpose of this person? This group? Myself? Can I state it precisely or in detail? I must be clear about my purposes, about other’s purposes, about Can I give example from my experience? alternative purposes I realize that I can question my purposes and other’s purposes. 2. Question the way in which questions are framed, problems are 2. Precision in thinking 精确 Am I providing enough details for the other What issues should be addressed? What is the key question person to comprehend my meaning? should I raise? If it is misconceptualized, it will not be solved. Do I need more details? posed, and issues are expressed 3. Accuracy in thinking What information do I need to figure out what is going on? How Am I certain that my information is accurate? can I test it? What information are others using? Is it accurate or How can I check on the accuracy of the relevant to the issue at hand? information? 3. Question information and sources of information 4. Question interpretations or conclusions 4. Relevance in thinking What interpretations, judgments, or conclusions are crucial to this How does my point bear on the issue at hand? situation? What conclusion am I or others coming to? How does my statement relate to what he just I know there are more than one way to interpret situations, said? How is his question related to the weighing the pros and cons of each. question we are discussing? I want to assess the quality of the conclusions that others are coming to. 5. Question the assumptions being made 5. Logicalness in thinking What is being taken for granted? Is it a reasonable assumption? Given the information I have gathered, what is What would be reasonable to assume? the most logical conclusion I can com to? Assumption usually unconscious in thinking, I want to be able to What is another feasible conclusion? identify and correct my faulty assumptions and asses the assumptions others are using. 6. Question the concepts being used 6. Breadth in thinking What main ideas or concepts are being used? Whether I need to consider another viewpoint What implications follow from this idea? What main ideas, or before coming to conclusion? concepts are crucial to making sense of this situation? I know we use concepts when we think . 7. Question the points of view being considered 7. Depth in thinking What points of view have to be considered? Have I failed to take What are the complexities inherent in this into account some points that are relevant to think through issue? issue? Good reasoning involves considering more than one way of Am I dealing with a complex issue in a looking at things. Consider from multiple viewpoints! superficial way? 8. Justification in thinking合理性 What are implications, positive and negative of me and others? Is his (my) purpose justified? Is it unfair given What are the implications if I reason to this conclusion versus the circumstances? that conclusion? Implication follow from reasoning. I need to think through potential consequences of decision 8. Question implications .
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