新课标词汇表

词汇表

说明：

1. 本词汇表共收3,000个单词，含义务段要求掌握的1,500个单词。高中英语必修课程应学习和掌握500个单词（表中加有一个*号），累计达2,000。选修I课程应学习和掌握1，000个单词（表中加有两个**号），累计达3,000。各地可根据实际情况在本词汇表所收词的基础上，再选择增加200个单词。 2. 本词汇表采用英式英语拼写形式。

3. 本着在具体语境中学习和使用单词的原则，本词汇表不标注单词的词性和中文释义。 4. 本词汇表不列词组和短语。 5. 本词汇表不列语法术语。

6. 本词汇表不列可根据构词法推导出的部分名词、形容词、副词等。 7. 数字（含基数词、序数词）、主要国家名称及相关信息等词单独列出，供教学参考。

A account* a (an)

accurate** abandon** accuse** ability ache* able

achieve

abnormal** achievement* aboard** acid**

about acknowledge** above acquire* abroad across absence** act absent action absolutely* active absorb** activity abstract** actor abuse** actress academic** actually* accent** AD** accept adapt*

access** adaptation** accident*

add accommodation** addict* accompany** addition* according to address adjust**

administration** admire* admit* adopt** adorable** adult* advance* advantage adventure* advertise**

advertisement (ad)** advice advise

advocate** affair* affect** afford afraid Africa African after

afternoon afterward**

again against age

agency** agenda** ago agree

agreement agriculture* ahead* aid* aim* air

airline** airport alarm* alcohol** alive all allow almost alone along

alongside** aloud already also

alternative**although altogether** always .*

amateur** amazing* ambition** ambitious** ambulance** America American among amount* amuse** analyse** ancestor** ancient and anger** angle** angry animal ankle** announce* annoy** annual* another answer ant

anticipate** antique** anxiety** anxious* any anybody anyhow** anyone anything anyway anywhere apart** apartment* apologise* apparently** appeal** appear appetite** applaud** apple

applicant** application* apply*

appointment**appreciate** approach* appropriate** approve** April arch** architect** area argue* arise** arm army

around

arrangement* arrest** arrive arrow** art article artificial** artist as

ashamed** Asia Asian aside** ask asleep aspect* assess** assign** assistant** association** assume*

assumption** astonish** astronaut** astronomer** at

athlete* Atlantic*

atmosphere** attach*

attack* attain** attempt* attend attention attitude* attract* audience* August aunt Australia Australian author* authority* automatic** autonomous**autumn available** average* avoid awake award* aware* away

awesome** awful awkward* B

baby back

background backward** bacon** bad

badminton* bag

bakery** balance* ball ballet* balloon bamboo ban** banana band* bank bar*

barbecue** barely** bark** barrier** base* baseball basic basin** basis* basket basketball bat**

bath** bathroom battery* battle* bay** BC**

be (am, are, is ) beach bean

bean curd (tofu)**bear beard** beat beautiful beauty** because become bed

bedroom beef beer* before begin behalf** behave** behaviour* behind being** belief** believe bell belong* below belt* bend** beneath* benefit* beside best bet** better between beyond* big

bike =bicyclebill

billion** biology** bird birth birthday biscuit bit bite* bitter** black

blackboard blame** blank** blanket** bleed** bless** blind block blog* blood blouse blow blue board boat body boil** bomb** bond** bone* bonus** book boost** boot* border** bored boring born borrow boss

botanical**both bother** bottle bottom bounce** bound**

boundary** bow** bowl

bowling** box boxing* boy brain branch* brave bread break breakfast breast** breath** breathe* brick**

bride/bridegroom**bridge brief* bright brilliant** bring Britain British broad*

broadcast** brochure* brother brown brush

budget** buffet** build building bunch** burn bury** bus

business busy but

butcher**butter* button* buy by

C

cabbage** café*

cafeteria** cage** cake

calculate** calendar call

calligraphy** calm* calorie** camel** camera camp

campaign** campus*

can (can’t/cannot)Canada Canadian canal** cancel cancer** candidate** candle candy canteen**

cap

capable* capacity** capital capsule** captain** car

carbon* card care career** careful careless carpet** carrot carry cartoon carve** case* cash* cast** castle** cat catch

category** cattle* cause cave** cease** ceiling** celebrate celebrity** cheer cell** cheese** cent chef** centimetre** chemical** central chemist** centre chemistry century chess certain chest** certainly chew** certificate chicken chain* chief* chair child (pl. children)chairman/chairwoman**China chalk china* challenge* Chinese champion* chocolate chance choice change choke** channel** choose chaos** chopsticks chapter* chorus** character* Christmas characteristic** church** charge* cigarette** charity* cinema chart** circle chat* circuit** cheap circumstance** cheat** circus** check cite** cheek** citizen**

city civil** civilian** civilization** claim** clap* clarify** class classic** classmate classroom clay** clean clear clerk** clever click* client** climate* climb clinic** clock clone** close cloth** clothes clothing** cloud cloudy club clue** coach coal coast coat coffee coin cold

collapse** collar** collect

collection** college colour column** combine** come comedy** comfort** comfortable comic** comment* commercial** commit**

commitment** committee* common communicate communicationcommunist** community company* compare

comparison** compete** competence** competition complain** complete complex** complicated** component** compose** composition** comprehension**comprehensive** comprise** computer concentrate* concept** concern* concert conclude** conclusion** concrete** condition conduct* conference* confidence* confirm* conflict**

Confucianism** Confucius**

confused** congratulation* connect

consequence** conservation** consider consist** consistent** constant** constitution** construction** consultant** consultation** consume** consumption** contact* contain*

contemporary**content* contest** context* continent* continue contract**

contradictory** contrary** contrast** contribution* control

convenient* conventional** conversation convince** cook cookie cool

cooperate** copy core** corn corner

corporate** correct

correspond**cost

costume** cottage** cotton** cough could council** count country countryside county* couple courage course court* cousin cover

coverage** cow crash* crayon crazy cream** create creative* creature** credit* crew** crime** crisis**

criterion (pl. criteria)**critical** criticize** crop** cross crowd* crucial** cruel** cry

cuisine** culture cup

cupboard** cure* curious* current* curtain** custom* customer

cut cute cycle** D daily

damage** damp** dance danger dangerous dare** dark data*

database**date daughter day dead

deadline** deaf deal

dear death* debate** debt** decade** December decent** decide decision declare* decline** decorate* decrease** deep deer* defeat** defence* defend** definitely* definition** degree delay** delete** delicate** delicious deliver* demand** demonstrate**dentist** deny**

department** departure** depend depress** depth** describe description* desert* deserve** design* desire* desk

desperate** despite* dessert** destination* destroy* detail* detect** detective** determine* develop

development device** devote** diagram*

dialogue (AmE dialog)diamond** diary

dictionary die diet*

differ** difference different difficult difficulty dig

digest** digital* dignity** dimension** dining dinner dinosaur* direct direction director directory ** dirty

disability** disabled** disappointed** disaster* discipline** discount** discover discovery

discrimination**discuss discussion disease* dish disk=disc** dismiss** display** distance* distant** distinct** distinguish** distribution** district** disturb** dive** diverse** divide division** divorce** dizzy** do doctor document* dog dollar dolphin* domain** domestic** dominate** donate* door

dormitory** double doubt down

download* downstairs* downtown* dozen** draft** drag** dragon* drama** dramatic** draw drawer** dream dress drill** drink drive driver drop drought* drug** dry duck due (to)* dumpling duration** during dust** duty*

dynamic** dynasty**

E each eager* eagle** ear early earn* earth

earthquakeease** east eastern easy

eat

ecology** economic** edge** editor* education educator** effect* efficient** effort* egg eight eighteen eighth eighty either elder elderly** election** electricity* electronic elegant** element* elephant eleven else

elsewhere** email

embarrassed**emerge** emergency** emotion** emperor** emphasis** employ** empty enable* encounter** encourage end enemy energetic* energy* engage** engine* engineer England English enhance** enjoy

enormous** enough ensure* enter

enterprise** entertainment**enthusiastic** entirely* entitle** entrance* entry** envelope*

environment envy** episode** evidence** exactly

exam (=examination) express extend** extension** equal* equator** equipment* eraser error* erupt* escape* especially essay** essential** establish* estate** estimate** Europe European evaluate** eve* even evening event* eventually* ever every

everybody everyday everyone everything everywhere examine** example excellent except

exceptional** exchange* excited exciting excuse exercise exhibition** exist* exit* expand** expansion** expect

expectation** expense** expensive experience experiment* expert* explain explode** explore* export* expose** exposure**

extent* external* extinction* extra*

extraordinary** extremely* eye F

fabric** face

facilitate** facility* fact factor* factory fail

failure* fence** fair festival faith** fetch** fall fever false** few familiar* fibre** family fiction** famous field fan fifteen fancy* fifth fantastic fifty fantasy** fight far figure* farm file* farmer fill fashion** film fast finally fat finance** father (dad) financial**fault** find favour** finding** favourite (AmE favorite)fine fear finger feature* finish February fire fee** firm** feed first feel fish feeling fisherman fellow** fist** female* fit five

fix flag flash* flat*

flavour** flexible* flight* flood* floor flour** flow** flower flu** fluent** fly focus* foggy** fold** folk** follow fond** food

foot (pl. feet)football for force

forecast** forehead** foreign forest

forever** forget forgive** fork form formal* format** former* fortunately* forty forward* found**

foundation** fountain** four fourteen fourth fox** France frank* free

freedom** freeze** French

frequency** frequently* fresh friction** Friday

fridge (=refrigerator)friend

friendly friendship frightened* frog** from front

frontier** frost** fruit fry** fuel** full fun

function* fund*

fundamental**funny

furniture** further* future G

gain** gallery** game

gap*

garbage** garden garlic** gas* gate gather* gender** general generate** generation*generous* genius** gentle** gentleman genuine** geography geometry**German Germany get gift

gifted** giraffe girl give glad glass global* globe** glove

glue greenhouse* go greet** goal* grey goat** grocery** gold ground golf** group good grow goodbye (bye) guarantee** goods* guard government guess grab** guest grade guidance** gradually** guide graduate* guideline* grain** guilty** gram** guitar grammar gun grand** guy* granddaughter gym*

grandfather (grandpa) gymnastics*

grandmother (grandma) grandparent

grandson

grape

grasp**

grass

grateful**

gravity**

great

greedy**

green

H

habit

habitat** hair half hall ham** hamburger hand handbag

handkerchief**handle** handsome handwriting** hang happen happy hard hardly harm** harmful

harmonious** harmony** harvest** hat hatch** hate

have (has) he head headache health healthy

hear heart heat heavy height hello help helpful hen hence** her herb** here hero hers herself hesitate* hi hide high

highlight**highly* hike** hill him himself hire** his

historic** history hit hobby hunt** hold hurricane* hole hurry holiday hurt home

husband hometown hydrogen** homework honest honey* honour* hope horrible* horse hospital host* hot hotel hour house

household** housework housing** how however hug* huge human humble** humorous hundred hungry

I I ice

ice-cream idea ideal** identical** identify** identity* idiom** if

ignore* ill

illegal** illness illustrate* image* imagine

immediately*impact* imply** import* important impossible impress** impression* improve* in inch** incident** include income* increase incredible** indeed*

independent* India Indian indicate* individual* industry infection** infer** influence influential** information initial** initiative** injury** inner** innocent** innovation** input** inquire** insect* inside insight** insist**

inspection** inspire* instance** instant** instead institute** institution** instruction instrument insurance* integrate** integrity** intelligent* intend* intense** intention** interaction** interest interesting internal** international Internet interpret** interrupt** intervention**interview into

introduce introduction invent invention investigate** investment** invite involve**

iron** island issue* it

item** its itself J

jacket jam** January Japan Japanese jaw** jazz** jeans* job jog* join joint** joke journal* journalist**journey joy* judge* juice July jump June jungle**

junior* just justice* justify** K

kangaroo* keep kettle** key

keyboard kick kid kill

kilo (=kilogram) kilometre (AmE kilometer) kind

kindergarten** king

kingdom** kiss kit** kitchen kite knee

knife (pl. knives)knock know

knowledge

L

lab (=laboratory) label** labour** lack** lady lake lamb** lamp** land

landscape** landslide* language lantern* lap* laptop** large last late later laugh launch** law

lawyer** lay lazy

lead leader

leadership** leaf (pl. leaves) league** leak** learn least leather** leave lecture* left leg legal** leisure** lemon lend length* less lesson let letter level

liberation** liberty** librarian** library license** lie life lift light like likely* limit** limited* line link** lion liquid** list listen literally** literary** literature*litter little live lively living* load** loan** local location* lock log** logical** London lonely long look loose** lose loss* lot loud love lovely low lower** luck lucky lunar** lunch lung** luxury**

M

machine mad

madam/madame**magazine magic mail** main

maintain* major* majority* make male*

man (pl. men) manage manager mankind** manner** many map

marathon** March march* mark

market memorial** marriage* memory* marry mental* mass* mention massive** menu master* mercy** match merely** material* merry* maths (=mathematics) mess matter message mature** metal* maximum** method may metre May microscope**maybe middle me midnight* meal might mean mild** meaning mile means** military* measure* milk meat millimetre** mechanic** million** medal* mind medical mine medicine mineral** medium (pl. media)* minimum** meet minister** meeting minor** member minority** membership** minute

mirror** motion** Miss miss missile** missing mission** mist** mistake mix

mixture** mobile phone mode** model modern moment* Monday money monitor** monkey month monthly** mood** moon moral** more

moreover* morning mosquito** most mostly**

mother (mum)motivate** motive** motor** mount** mountain

mouse (pl. mice) mouth move

movement* movie Mr Mrs Ms much mud** multiple** murder** muscle** museum mushroom** music musician must my myself

N nail** name narrow* nation* national nationality*native** natural nature navy** near nearby* nearly neat* necessary neck need needle** negative*

negotiate** neighbour

neighbourhood** neither nephew** nervous nest** net**

network** never

nevertheless** new news

newspaper next nice niece** night nine nineteen ninety ninth no

noble** nobody nod noise noisy none noodle noon

nor normal* north northern nose not note

notebook nothing notice novel** novelist** November now

nowadays*nowhere* nuclear** number nurse

nutrition**

O object

objective** observe* obtain** obviously* occasion* occupation**occupy** occur* ocean* o’clock October odd* of off offer office officer

official* often oil OK old

Olympics on once one onion** online only onto* open opera* operation* operator** opinion* opponent** opportunity*oppose** opposite optimistic** option* or orange orbit** order ordinary* organ** organic**

organization* origin** original* other

otherwise* ought (to)* our ours

ourselves out

outcome** outgoing** outline** output** outside

outstanding**over overall** overcome** overseas* owe** own oxygen*

P

pace** Pacific pack** package* page pain paint pair palace pale pan** pancake panda panel** panic** paper

paragraph**

parcel** pepper** pardon per* parent perceive** park percent* parking** percentage* part perfect participate** performance* particular* perhaps partner* period party permanent** pass permit* passage person passenger personal passion** personality* passive* persuade** passport pessimistic** past pet patent** petrol* path* phase** patience** phenomenon** patient philosophy** pattern* phone pay photo (=photograph)PE (=physical education)photographer** peace phrase** peaceful** physician** peak** physics pear piano* pen pick pencil picnic people picture pie

piece pig pill** pilot pink pioneer pipe** pity place plain** plan plane planet plant plastic** plate* platform** play player

playgroundpleasant** please pleasure plenty plot** plug** plus* .*

pocket poem

poet** postman poetry* postpone* point pot** poison* potato polar** potential** pole* pound police pour** policeman/policewomanpower* policy* practical** polish** practice polite praise political** pray** politician** precious** politics** precisely** pollute predict** pollution prefer* pond** preference** pool prejudice** poor premier** popular (pop) prepare population present pork** presentation**port* preserve** pose** president position* press* positive* pressure* possession** pretend** possible pretty post prevent* postcard previous* poster* price pride

primary primitive** principle* print

prior (to)** priority** prison** private prize probably problem procedure* proceed** process* produce product

profession** professional* professor** profile** profit*

programme (AmE program) progress prohibit** project promise promote** pronounce pronunciation

proof** proper property** proposal* prospect** protect protein** protest* proud prove* provide province* psychology**pub** public publish* pudding* pull punish pupil

purchase** pure** purple purpose purse** pursue** push put Q

qualification**qualify** quality* quantity** quarter queen question quick quiet quit* quite

quote** R rabbit race racial** radiation**radio radium** railway rain

rainbow** rainy raise

random** range* rank** rapid rare** rate* rather* rating** raw** ray** reach react** reaction* read ready real

realise (AmE realize)realistic** reality** really reason recall** receipt** receive recently

receptionist** recipe** recite** recognise* recognition** recommend* record

recording** recover* recreation** recycle** red reduce* refer*

reference** reflect* reform** refresh** refuse regard*

regardless (of)**region* register** regret regular* reject** relate** relationship relative relax relay** release** reliable** relief* relevant** rely** remain remarkable** remember remind* remote** remove* rent** repair repeat replace* reply report represent*

representative**republic* reputation** request* require rescue** research reserve** resident** resign** resistance** resolution** resolve** resource* respect* respective** respond* response*

responsibility**

responsible* rest

romantic* roof** sale

salesman/saleswoman*restaurant restore** restrict** result retire* return reveal* review revise* reward** rhyme** rice rich riddle** ride right rigid** ring ripe** rise risk river road roast** robot rock rocket** role roll*

room root** rope rose round route** routine** row royal** rubber** rubbish rude** rugby** ruin** rule ruler run rural** rush Russia Russian S sad safe safety sail** salad salary**

salt salty** same sample** sand sandwich satellite** satisfaction* satisfy Saturday saucer** sausage** save saving** say

saying** scare* scarf scene* schedule* scholarship**school schoolbag science scientific** scientist scissors score scream**

screen

sculpture** sea search season seat second

secondary** secret secretary section* secure** security** see seed** seek* seem seldom select* sell send senior* sense

sensitive** sentence separate September series* serious servant** serve service session** set

setting** settle* seven seventeen seventh seventy several severe** sew** sex* shade** shadow** shake shall shallow* shame shape share shark** sharp* shave** she

sheep (pl. sheep) sheet*

shelf (pl. shelves)**shelter** shift** shine ship shirt shock* shoe shoot* shop shore** short

shortage** shorts should shoulder shout show shower shut shy sick side sight* sign signal* significant*silence silent silk silly silver similar simple since

sincerely** sing single sink** sir sister sit site* situation six sixteen sixth sixty size skate

skateboard**ski* skill skin* skip** skirt sky sleep sleepy slice** slide** slightly* slim* slip** slow small smart smell smile smog* smoke smooth snack* snake sneeze** snow snowy so

soccer* social socialist** society sock sofa soft

software* soil** solar** soldier** solid** solution* solve some

somebody somehow*someone something sometimes somewhat** somewhere son song soon sorrow** sorry sort* soul** sound soup sour** source* south southern sow** space spare speak speaker special specialist** species** specific* speech speed spell spend spirit

splendid**

sponsor** spoon sport spot** spread spring spy** square stability** stadium** staff* stage* stair* stamp stand standard star stare** start starve** state station statistic** statue** stay steak** steal steam** steel** step stick still

stimulate** stomach stomachache stone stop store storm story straight

straightforward**strait** strange stranger strategy* strawberry stream** street strength* strengthen** stress* stretch** strict strike** string** strong

structure** struggle* student studio* study stuff* stupid style* subject

subjective** submit** subscribe** subsequent** substance** substantial** suburb** subway* succeed success successful such sudden suffer* sufficient* sugar suggest suggestion suit** suitable** sum** summary* summer sun Sunday sunny super*

superb** superior** supermarket supply* support suppose sure surf* surface surgeon** surgery** surprise surround* surrounding**survey survive* suspect** suspend** sustain** sweat* sweater sweep** sweet swim

swimming swing** switch** symbol** sympathy** symphony** system*

T table tablet** tackle** tail tailor** take tale** talent* talk tall tank** tape target* task taste tax** taxi tea teach teacher team teapot** technique*technology teenager* telephone

telescope** television (=TV) tell

temperature temple** temporary** ten tend*

tendency** tennis tension* tenth term terrible territory** test text than thank that the theatre theft** their them theme* themselves then theory** there

therefore*

these they thick thin thing think

thinking** third thirsty thirteen thirty this

thorough** those though thought thousand threat** threaten** three through throughout*throw thunder** Thursday thus* ticket tidy tie tiger tight** time tiny tip* tired tissue* title* to

toast** tobacco** today together toilet

tolerate** tomato tomorrow ton tone** tonight too tool

tooth (pl. teeth)toothache top topic* total touch tough* tour tourist

tournament** toward(s) towel** tower town toy track* trade tradition* traditional traffic train training transform**translate transport* trap** travel treasure treat

treatment* tree trend** trial** trick** trip trouble trousers truck true trunk** trust truth

try T-shirt tube** Tuesday tune** turkey* turn twelfth twelve twentieth twenty twice twin** two type*

typhoon**typical*

U ugly UK

ultimately** umbrella uncle under

undergroundunderstand uniform** unique* unit

universe** university unless until (till) unusual** up

update* upon upper* upset** urban**

urge** urgent** us US use used useful usual usually V

vacation valley** valuable value

variation**variety* various* vary** vase** vast** vegetable vehicle* venue** version** very victim** victory video view* village violence**

violin virtual** virtue** virus** visible** vision** visit visitor visual** vital** vivid**

vocabulary**voice volcano* volleyball volume** volunteer* vote**

W wage** waist** wait wake walk wall wallet wander** want war ward** warm warn

warning** wash

washroom**waste watch water

watermelon wave**

way we weak wealth weapon** wear weather website wedding* Wednesday weed** week weekday weekend weekly** weep** weigh weight welcome welfare** well west western wet whale* what whatever wheat** wheel when whenever

where whether which while

within* yes without yesterday witness** yet

woman (pl. women） yoghurt*

whisper** white who whole whom whose why wide

widespread**wife Wi-Fi* wild will win wind window windy wine* wing winner winter wire** wisdom** wise wish with

withdraw**

wonder

wonderful

wood

wool**

word

work

worker

world

worry worse worst

worth

worthwhile**

worthy** would wound wrap** wrestle** wrinkle**

wrist** write writer wrong X X-ray Y yard year yellow

you young your yours yourself (pl. yourselves)youth* Z zero zone** zoo

数词

主要国家名称及相关信息（供教学参考）

附录2：

语法项目一览

说明：

不带*号的项目是义务教育阶段学习过的项目（参见2011 版《义务教育英语课程标准》）。这些项目还会大量出现在高中阶段更加丰富的语境中，是高中必修课程应该熟练掌握的内容。带*号的项目是高中必修课程要求学习和掌握的项目。带**号的项目是选修I课程要求学习和掌握的项目。带***号的项目是选修II课程（提高类）要求学习和掌握的项目。

一、词类 1. 名词

（1）可数名词及其单、复数 （2）不可数名词 （3）专有名词 （4）名词所有格 2. 动词

（1）动词的基本形式

（2）及物动词和不及物动词 （3）系动词 （4）助动词 （5）情态动词 3. 形容词

（1）形容词的基本形式

（2）形容词的比较级和最高级 4. 副词

（1）副词的基本形式

（2）副词的比较级和最高级 5. 代词

（1）人称代词 （2）物主代词 （3）反身代词 （4）指示代词 （5）不定代词 （6）疑问代词 6. 数词

（1）基数词 （2）序数词 7. 介词 8. 连词 9. 冠词 10. 感叹词 二、构词法 1. 合成法 2. 派生法 3. 转化法

4. 缩写和简写 三、句法 1. 句子种类

（1）陈述句 （2）疑问句 a. 一般疑问句 b. 特殊疑问句 c. 选择疑问句 d. 附加疑问句 （3）祈使句 （4）感叹句

2. 句子成分：按结构分类** （1）名词短语 （2）动词短语 （3）形容词短语 （4）副词短语 （5）介词短语

3. 句子成分：按功能分类 （1）主语（S）

（2）谓语（指谓语部分的主要动词，也称谓词）（（3）宾语（O） （4）补语（C） （5）状语（A） （6）表语（P） （7）定语（Attr.） 4. 基本句型

（1）主谓（主语+谓词，下同）（SV） The busis coming.

（2）主（系）表（SP） Amyis kind.

（3）主谓宾（SVO） Johnopenedthe fridge. （4）主谓宾宾（SVOO）

Uncleboughtmea new dictionary. （5）主谓宾补（SVOC）

Most studentshave foundherhelpful. （6）主谓状（SVA）

The childrenstayedin the room. （7）主谓宾状（SVOA） Youcan putthe dishhere.

（8）存现句：引导词there引导的句子 Thereisa treebehind the shop. 5. 谓语动词的时态 （1）一般现在 （2）一般过去 （3）一般将来 （4）现在进行 （5）过去进行 （6）现在完成 （7）过去将来* （8）将来进行** （9）过去完成**

V） （10）现在完成进行** 6. 被动语态

（1）一般现在时的被动语态 （2）一般过去时的被动语态 （3）一般将来时的被动语态 （4）现在进行时的被动语态* （5）现在完成时的被动语态* （6）过去进行时的被动语态** （7）过去完成时的被动语态** 7. 动词的非谓语形式

（1）动词不定式（作宾语、补语、目的状语、定语*、结果状语*、主语**、表语**） （2）动词的-ing形式（作定语*、状语*、补语*、主语**、宾语**、表语**） （3）动词的-ed形式（作定语*、状语*、补语*、表语**） 8. 主谓一致 9. 并列复合句 10. 主从复合句 （1）宾语从句 （2）状语从句 （3）定语从句

a. 由关系代词that、which、who、whom、whose 和关系副词when、where、why引导的性定语从句*

b. 由关系代词which、who、whom、whose和关系副词when和where引导的非性定语从句** （4）主语从句** （5）表语从句** （6）同位语从句*** 11. 省略* 12. 倒装*** 13. 强调***

14. 虚拟语气***