定语从句讲义
1. 什么是定语？
定语修饰名词或代词，回答“怎么样的 东西/人”。如：由形容词、名词(含所有格)、代词(物主、指示、疑问、不定)、介词短语、不定式(短语)， 定语从句充当。 Shanghai is a big city.
2. 什么是定语从句？
在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句. (整体而言，做定语）
The man (who has an umbrella in his hand)is my uncle.手上抓了一把雨伞的人是我的叔叔。
3. 定语从句的分类是什么？
性定语从句：从句在句中不能省略,否则主句意思就不完整。（平常使用较多）
非性定语从句：从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,这种从句是一种附加说明,如果从句子中省去,也不致于影响主句的意思。如：She spent the whole evening talking about her latest book, which none of us had heard of.
4. 什么是先行词？
先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。可以做主句的主语，宾语，表语，定语。
先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面 The man(who has an umbrella in his hand)is my uncle. 做主语 You can take anything (that you like). 宾语
She's no longer the girl ( that she used to be before). 表语 The girl (whose hair is golden) is from England. 定语
5. 什么是关系词？
引导定语从句的词叫关系词.
The man (who has an umbrella in his hand)is my uncle. 作用：
1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；
2) 在从句中充当一个成分，可做从句的 主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语。 分类：
1）关系代词： that、 which、 who、whom、whose、as 2）关系副词：（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、 where
关系代词 That 作用 从句中可做的成分 例句 局部而言，That 在从句中充当主语， 整体而言，整个从句是修饰man,充当定语,因此叫定语从句 指物，主语 人 宾语 表语 This is the man that/who looks like my father. This is the thief (that/who/whom) we have been looking for these days. 关系代词做从句宾语，此时代词可省略。 She's no longer the girl that she used to be before. Please find a room which is big enough. Please find a room which I like. He was proud, which his brother never was. Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French. I like the man who doesn’t smoke. I like the man who we have been looking for these days. I like the man whom we have been looking for these days. The girl whose hair is golden is from England. （指人） The house whose doors are green is an office building. （指物） Such people as were mentioned by him were honest. (as作主语) I have got into the same trouble as he (has)。 (as作宾语) I’ve never seen such a clever man as he is. (as作表语) Which 指物 主语 宾语 表语 定语 Who 指人 主语 宾语（非正式） Whom Whose 指人 宾语 指人，定语 物 As 指人，主语 So/such....as, 物 The same...as; 宾语 as...as 表语 补充：如为非性的，as多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为\"正如，这一点\"。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.） As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作宾语)
As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health . （as 作主语） . Smoking is harmful to one's health , as we all know .（as 作宾语） 从句中只作状语 在 关系副词 When Why Where How能引导定语从句吗
No。其实，在现代英语中，how不能用作关系副词，不用来引导定语从句。
当定语从句的先行词是\"the way\"时,并且关系词在从句中作状语,那么关系词可以用下列三种
作用 指物 指物 指物 从句中可做的成分 时间状语 原因状语 地点状语 例句 I can never forget the day when I first saw you I know the reason why/for which he was so angry. This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago. 形式: (1)that (2)in which (3)省略引导词 如： That is the way that he spoke. (正确） That is the way in which he spoke. (正确） That is the way he spoke . (正确） That is the way how he spoke . （错误) 但可以说：
That is how he spoke.（这里的how he spoke属于名词性从句之中的表语从句)
补充：
1. 关系系代词作介词宾语:
关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放 于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who 和 that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放在句末.）
关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义
1）一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。 I never forget the day on which I came to this school. (on the day)
2) 二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。 This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan. (spend money on sth.)
3) 三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly.
2. Of which， of whom 的用法：
(1) 定语从句的主语是 few, little, some, most, many, much等时，一般只用of whom和of which。
In the room are lots of people, many of whom I don’t know. He has a lot of story-books, a few of which I have never read.
(2) 定语从句的主语是数词、形容词的最高级时，一般只用of whom和of which。如： The old man has three children, two of whom are college students and one of whom is a manager.
(3) 定语从句的主语是all, none, both, neither, each等不定代词时，一般只用of whom和of which。如：
There are fifty students in our class, all of whom are working hard. He planted two trees last year, both of which are growing well.
(4) 在定语从句中作表语的定语时，一般只用of whom和of which。 如： He has three brothers, of whom Li Lei is the youngest one. There are many countries in Asia, of which China is the largest one.
