英语词汇学自考题-19

英语词汇学自考题-19

(总分：100。00,做题时间：90分钟）

一、{{B}｝Ⅰ.{｛/B}}(总题数：39,分数:39。00)

1。The Indo-European language family is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East， and ______。

• A. India • B. the Far East • C. the West Asia • D。 America

（分数：1。00） A. √ B. C. D.

解析：［解析］ 印欧语系由欧洲、近东和印度的大多数语言组成。答案为A。

2。It is assumed that the world has approximately 3000 (some put it 5000) languages, which can be grouped into roughly ______ language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.

• A. 500 • B. 4000 • C。 300 • D. 2000

（分数：1。00） A。 B. C. √ D.

解析：［解析] It is assumed that the world has approximately 3000(some put it 5000)languages, which can be grouped into roughly 300 language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar。 据估计，世界上约有3000多种（有人认为有5000种)语言。这些语言可以根据他们的基本词汇和语法的相似性大致划为300个谱系。答案为C.

3.The surviving languages fall into eight principal groups. Balto-Slavic, In—do-Iranian, Armenian and Albanian belong to the ______ set。

• A。 Eastern • B. Southern • C。 Western • D. Northern

(分数：1.00） A. √ B.

英语词汇学自考题-19

C。 D.

解析：［解析］ 现存的语言主要分成8组，其中Balto-Slavic波罗的斯拉夫语系，Indo-Iranian印度伊朗语系，Armenian and Albanian亚美尼亚和阿尔巴尼亚语系为东部分支；Celtic凯尔特语系、Italic意大利语系、Hellenic希腊语系、Germanic日耳曼语系为西部分支。答案为A。

4。The following words are derived from the dead language Sanskrit except ______。

• A. Persian • B。 Bengali • C。 Hindi • D. Romany

（分数：1。00) A. √ B。 C. D.

解析：［解析］ In the Indo—Iranian we have Persian, Bengali， Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from the dead language Sanskrit. 印度—伊朗语包括波斯语、孟加拉语、印地语和吉普赛语，后3门语言来源于已经消亡的古梵语。答案为A。

5。All these languages have some influence on English to a greater or lesser extent because each has ______ the English vocabulary。

• A。 borrowed words from • B. enlarged words to • C. decreased words to • D。 lent words into

(分数：1.00） A。 B。 C。 D。 √

解析：[解析］ All these languages have some influence on English to a greater or lesser extent because each has lent words into the English vocabulary。 所有这些语言都在不同程度上影响了英语，向英语输入过词汇。答案为D。

6。We find the following languages in the Celtic except ______。

• A. Scottish • B。 Irish • C. Danish • D。 Breton

（分数：1.00） A. B. C. √ D.

英语词汇学自考题-19

解析：［解析] In the Celtic， we find Scottish， Irish， Welsh， Breton, etc．凯尔特语族中有苏格兰语、爱尔兰语、威尔士语和布列坦尼语等。答案为C。

7。The Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian， Slovenian and ______。

• A。 Greek • B。 Roman • C。 Indian • D。 Russian

(分数:1.00） A. B. C。 D. √

解析：[解析] The Balto—Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian， Polish, Czech， Bulgarian, Slovenian and Russian. 波罗的海—斯拉夫语族包括普鲁士语、立陶宛语、波兰语、捷克语、保加利亚语、斯洛文尼亚语和俄语等现代语言。答案为D.

8.Both English and ______ belong to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family。

• A。 Celtic • B. Danish • C. French • D。 Scottish

（分数：1。00） A. B. √ C. D。

解析：［解析］ 题干译文:哪两种语言属于印欧语系中的日耳曼语族?日耳曼语族包括4门北欧语言:挪威语、冰岛语、丹麦语和瑞典语，此外,还有德语、荷兰语、佛兰芒语和英语。答案为B。 9。Indo-Iranian comprises the modern language except ______。

• A。 Persian • B。 Bengali • C. Hindi • D。 Polish

（分数：1.00) A。 B. C。 D。 √

解析：[解析] In the Indo—Iranian we have Persian， Bengali， Hindi， Romany. 印度-伊朗语族包括波斯语、孟加拉语、印地语和吉普赛语。答案为D。

10.The five Romance languages, namely， Portuguese， Spanish, French， Italian， Romanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called ______。

英语词汇学自考题-19

• A. Sanskrit • B。 Latin • C。 Celtic • D. Anglo-Saxon

（分数：1.00） A. B。 √ C。 D。

解析：［解析] The five Romance languages, namely， Portuguese, Spanish， French， Italian， Romanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called Latin。 五个诺曼语族即葡萄牙语、西班牙语、法语、意大利语和罗马尼亚语,都以拉丁语为中介从属于意大利语族。答案为B。

11.The development of English vocabulary can be divided into the following particular historical period except ______。

• A. Old English • B. Middle English • C。 New English • D。 Modern English

（分数:1。00） A。 B. C。 √ D.

解析：[解析] 英语词汇学的发展可以依次分为古英语、中古英语和现代英语共三个特殊阶段，不包含C选项。答案为C. 12.The first peoples known to inhabit England were ______。

• A. Celts • B。 Romans • C. Anglo—Saxons • D。 Jutes

（分数：1。00） A。 √ B。 C. D.

解析：［解析］ The first peoples known to inhabit the land were Celts。 英国最早的居民是凯尔特人。答案为A。 13。Which of the following is not included in the Germanic tribes?______

• A. Angles。 • B. Celtic。 • C。 Saxons。 • D. Jutes。

（分数：1。00)

英语词汇学自考题-19

A。 B。 √ C. D。

解析：［解析］ After the Romans， the Germanic tribes called Angles， Saxons， and Jutes came in great numbers。 继古罗马人之后，盎格鲁、撒克逊和朱特3个日耳曼部落大批入侵英伦三岛。答案为B。 14。Some foreign languages have impact on old English except ______.

• A。 French • B. Latin • C。 Norwegian • D。 Danish

（分数:1.00） A. √ B. C。 D.

解析：[解析] 由英国历史可知，公元6世纪讲拉丁语的罗马传教士将教传至英国，给英语词汇带来很大影响。9世纪挪威和丹麦等斯堪的纳维亚人入侵英国，许多斯堪的纳语的词汇进入英语，因此拉丁语、挪威语和丹麦语对古英语都有影响.答案为A。

15.After the ______, the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons, and Jutes came in great numbers。

• A. Greeks • B。 Indians • C. Romans • D。 French

（分数:1。00） A. B. C。 √ D。

解析：［解析］ After the Romans， the Germanic tribes called Angles， Saxons， and Jutes came in great numbers．继古罗马人之后，盎格鲁、撒克逊和朱特3个日耳曼部落大批入侵英伦三岛。答案为C. 16。As a result， Celtic made only a ______ contribution to the English vocabulary.

• A. small • B. big • C。 great • D。 smaller

(分数：1.00） A. √ B. C. D。

英语词汇学自考题-19

解析:[解析] 题干译文：结果,凯尔特语给英语词汇留下了什么样的影响？As a result, Celtic made only a small contribution to the English vocabulary．答案为A。

17.The introduction of ______ at the end of the 6th century had a great impact on the English vocabulary。

• A. printing • B. Christianity • C。 French words • D。 all the above

（分数：1.00） A. B。 √ C。 D.

解析：［解析］ 题干译文：6世纪末什么的传入给英国词汇带了很大影响？The introduction of Christianity had a great impact on the English vocabulary．答案为B。

18。After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain， their language almost totally blotted out the ______。

• A. Old English • B. Middle English • C。 Anglo—Saxon • D. Celtic

（分数：1.00) A。 B. C. D。 √

解析：［解析］ The language of the Germanic tribes dominated and almost totally blotted out the Celtic。 日耳曼部落的语言取得了主导地位，完全取代了凯尔特语。答案为D。 19。Old English has a vocabulary of about ______ words。

• A. 30000 to 40000 • B. 40000 to 50000 • C。 50000 to 60000 • D。 60000 to 70000

（分数:1。00） A. B. C。 √ D。

解析：［解析］ Old English has a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000 words．古英语约有50000至60000词汇。答案为C。

20.It is estimated that at least ______ words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modern English。

• A。 1200 • B. 800

英语词汇学自考题-19

• C. 900 • D. 1000

(分数：1.00） A. B. C。 √ D。

解析：[解析] 题干译文：据估计，现代英语中至少有多少个源于斯堪的纳维亚语的词汇仍在使用? It is estimated that at least 900 words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modern English. 答案为C。

21。The ______ family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian， Icelandic, Danish and Swedish， which are generally known as Scandinavian languages.

• A。 Germanic • B。 Indo—European • C. Albanian • D. Hellenic

(分数：1.00) A。 √ B. C。 D。

解析：［解析］ 题干译文:哪一个语族包括4门北欧语言：挪威语、冰岛语、丹麦语和瑞典语，这4门语言统称为斯堪的纳维亚语?The Germanic family consists of the four Northern European Languages： Norwegian， Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages. 答案为A。

22。Old English vocabulary was essentially ______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian。

• A. Italic • B。 Germanic • C. Celtic • D。 Hellenic

（分数：1.00) A。 B. √ C. D.

解析：［解析] Although there were borrowings from Latin， the influence on English was mainly Germanic。 虽然英语也从拉丁语中借词，但影响英语的主要还是日耳曼语。答案为B。

23。The Norman Conquest in 1066 introduced a large number of ______ words into the English vocabulary.

• A。 French • B. Greek • C。 Danish • D. Latin

（分数：1.00)

英语词汇学自考题-19

A. √ B。 C。 D.

解析：［解析] The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English. 继诺曼征服之后，法语词汇不断输入到英语中来。答案为A.

24.In the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings。 With the invaders， many ______ words came into the English language.

• A. Greek • B。 Roman • C。 Celtic • D. Scandinavian

(分数:1.00） A. B。 C. D。 √

解析:［解析] 题干译文：9世纪时,挪威和丹麦海盗再次入侵英国。由于这些入侵，许多什么词汇进入到英语中？In the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With the invaders， many Scandinavian words came into the English language。 答案为D。

25。Identify the word that is of Scandinavian origin among the following。 ______

• A. Skirt。 • B。 Dress. • C。 Model。 • D. Status。

（分数：1。00） A。 √ B. C。 D。

解析：[解析] 题干译文：辨认下列词汇中哪一个源于斯堪的纳维亚语?It is estimated that at least 900 words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modern English。 Many are essential to our daily life and speech such as skirt, skill, window， leg, grasp， birth， they, their, them, egg. 答案为A。 26.Which of the following statements is not true?______

• A. Old English was a highly inflected language。

• B。 In early Middle English period， English， Latin and Celtic existed side by side.

• C。 The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of modern English period。 • D。 The most important mode of vocabulary development in present-day English is creation of new

words by means of word—formation.

（分数:1.00） A。 B。 √

英语词汇学自考题-19

C. D.

解析：[解析］ 1150—1500年为中古英语时期.11世纪末，几乎所有握有政治和社会权柄的人以及众多教堂职员都出身于诺曼血统。因此，权要者说法语，有文化者说法语，子女教育用法语,就连谋求以抄写为生的人也学拉丁语或法语.法语、拉丁语和英语一直并存达一个多世纪。并存的三者中不包含B项的凯尔特语。答案为B。

27.The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English。 ______ of them are still in use today.

• A. Eighty—five percent • B. Fifty—six percent • C. Seventy—two percent • D。 Seventy-five percent

（分数：1.00） A。 B。 C. D. √

解析：［解析] Between 1250 and 1500 about 9，000 words of French origin poured into English. Seventy—five percent of them are still in use today．从1250年到1500年约有9000个法语词汇进入到英语中，其中75％仍在使用.答案为D。

28.By the end of the ______ century, virtually all of the people who held political or social power and many of those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin。

• A。 10th • B。 11th • C。 12th • D. 13th

（分数：1.00） A。 B。 √ C。 D.

解析:［解析] 题干译文：到几世纪末，几乎所有握有政治和社会权柄的人以及众多教堂职员都出身于诺曼血统。By the end of the eleventh century，virtually all of the people who held political or social power and many of those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin。 答案为B.

29。In the early period of Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge of learning ancient Greek and ______ classics. This is known in history as the Renaissance。

• A。 India • B. German • C. Roman • D。 Chinese

（分数：1.00） A. B。

英语词汇学自考题-19

C。 √ D.

解析：[解析] 在早期现代英语阶段，欧洲掀起了学习希腊和罗马古典著作的运动.答案为C。 30.Modern English began with the establishment of ______ in England。

• A。 printing

• B. Bourgeois Revolution • C. Industrial Revolution • D。 the Renaissance

（分数：1。00） A. √ B。 C。 D。

解析:［解析] Modern English began with the establishment of printing in England. 随着印刷术传入英国，英语进入现代英语时期。答案为A.

31.Usually we ______ regard which of the following periods as Early Modern English？

• A。 450 to 1150. • B。 1150 to 1500。 • C。 1500 to 1600. • D。 1500 to 1700.

（分数：1。00) A。 B. C. D。 √

解析：[解析] Considering the changes in vocabulary, it is necessary to subdivide it into Early (1500—1700)and Late(1700—up to the present)Modern English。 从词汇变化的角度来讲,现代英语有必要再分为早期现代英语（1500-1700年)和后期现代英语(1700年至今）。答案为D.

32.As many as 2500 words of ______ origin found their way into English。

• A。 Dutch • B. Latin • C. French • D。 Celtic

（分数：1。00） A。 √ B. C. D。

解析:[解析] As many as 2,500 words of Dutch origin found their way into English。 有多达2500个荷兰词汇进入到英语中。答案为A。

33.With the growth of ______, British tentacles began stretching out to every corner of the globe, thus enabling English to absorb words from all major languages of the world.

英语词汇学自考题-19

• A。 civilization • B. revolution • C。 colonization • D. industrialization

（分数:1.00） A. B. C。 √ D。

解析：［解析］ With the growth of colonization， British tentacles began stretching。..随着殖民化的发展，英国的触角已经伸到世界各地，使英语得以吸收世界各大语言的词汇.答案为C。

34。Social， economic and political changes bring about such new words as the followings except ______。

• A. kungfu • B. TV dinner • C。 fast food • D。 Watergate

（分数：1。00） A. √ B. C. D。

解析：[解析］ TV dinner（电视午餐）、fast food（快餐)和Watergate（水门，由水门事件产生的一个新词）这些都是由社会、经济和政治变化带来的新词。而kongfu源于汉语“功夫”，不是新词。答案为A.

35。The modes of modern English vocabulary grow through three major channels： ______, semantic change, ______.

• A. exchange； lending • B. derivation； borrowing • C。 creation; borrowing • D. affixation； creation

(分数：1。00） A。 B. C。 √ D。

解析：[解析] Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, semantic change， borrowing。 现在英语词汇的发展主要通过3个渠道：创词、新词旧义和借词。答案为C。 36。In modern times， ______ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.

• A. semantic change • B。 borrowing • C. expansion • D。 creation

英语词汇学自考题-19

（分数:1.00） A. B. C. D. √

解析：[解析] 题干译文：现今什么是词汇扩展的重要的方式?In modern times， creation is the most important way of vocabulary expansion。答案为D。

37.______ has played a vital role in the development of vocabulary, particularly in earlier times.

• A。 Creation • B. Semantic change • C. Borrowing • D。 Obsolete words

（分数：1。00) A. B。 C。 √ D。

解析：［解析] 题干译文：什么在词汇的发展中起了重要作用,尤其是在早期?Borrowing has played a vital role in the development of vocabulary， particularly in earlier times。 答案为C. 38.The word of \"recollection” is formed by ______。

• A。 creation • B。 semantic change • C。 borrowing • D。 collocation

（分数：1.00） A. √ B。 C. D.

解析:［解析］ recollection是在collection前加了前缀re-。Creation refers to the formation of new words by using the existing materials, namely roots, affixes and other elements。 创词是指通过使用现有的材料，即词根、词缀和其他形式创造新词。答案为A.

39.Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance， in American English \"fall\" means ______ in British English.

• A. four • B。 fell • C。 for • D. autumn

（分数：1。00) A. B。

英语词汇学自考题-19

C。 D。 √

解析：[解析］ 题干译文：复活古词对英语词汇的增长也产生了影响。比如，美式英语的“fall”在英式英语中是什么意思？复活古词和废弃词对整个英语词汇来说虽然影响不大,但确实是一种发展方式。美国英语尤其喜用这种方式.如“秋天”一词美国英语中译为fall,而英国英语中译为autumn。答案为D.

二、｛｛B}}Ⅱ.{｛/B｝}(总题数:16，分数:16.00)

40.The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly 1 language. （分数：1.00)

填空项1：__________________ （正确答案：inflected)

解析：[解析］ 史前的印欧原始语，有人认为是典型的什么语？The prehistoric Indo—European parent language is thought to be a highly inflected language．答案为inflected。

41。As the invading tribes took over and settled in Britain, the Celtic languages gradually 1. （分数：1.00)

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：retreated）

解析:[解析］ 随着日耳曼部落占领全境并定居下来，凯尔特语就逐渐怎么样了?As the invading tribes took over and settled in Britain，the Celtic languages gradually retreated．答案为retreated。 42.The surviving languages show various degrees of 1 to one another。 （分数：1.00）

填空项1：__________________ （正确答案:similarity）

解析:[解析］ 现存的语言相互之间有着不同程度的什么？The surviving languages show various degrees of similarity to one another．答案为similarity。

43.The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set: Balto—Slavic, Indo—Iranian, Armenian and Albanian; a Western set。 Celtic, Italic, Hellenic, 1。

（分数：1.00)

填空项1：__________________ （正确答案：Germanic）

解析:［解析］ 现存的语言相应地分为语族，这语族又可分为东部诸族和西部诸族。东部诸族有波罗的海—斯拉夫语族、印度-伊朗语族、亚美尼亚-阿尔巴亚语族；西部诸语族有凯尔特语族、意大利语族、希腊语族和日耳曼语族.答案为Germanic。

44.Scandinavian language refers to Icelandic， Norwegian， Danish and 1. （分数：1。00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Swedish)

解析：［解析] 斯堪的纳维亚语言指的是冰岛语、挪威语、丹麦语和什么?斯堪的纳维亚语指的就是北欧语言。The four Northern European languages are Norwegian， Icelandic, Danish and Swedish．答案为Swedish。 45。At the end of 6th century， Latin-speaking missionaries under St。 Augustine came to spread

Christianity in Britain. It brought many new ideas and customs and also many 1 terms such as abbot， candle, altar， etc. （分数：1.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案:religious）

解析：[解析］ 公元6世纪末，圣·奥古斯丁领导的讲拉丁语的罗马传教士将教传入英国。教传来了许多新思想和新风俗,同时也传来了许多宗教术语.答案为religious。

46.After the Romans, the Germanic tribes came in great numbers。 Soon they took 1 control of the land， which was to be called England. （分数:1。00)

填空项1：__________________ （正确答案：permanent）

解析：［解析] 继古罗马人之后，盎格鲁、撒克逊和朱特3个日耳曼部落大批入侵，并很快怎么样地控制了全岛，后来改成英格兰?After the Romans, the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons， and Jutes came in great numbers. Soon they took permanent control of the land, which was to be called England. 答案为permanent.

英语词汇学自考题-19

47。Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as 1。 （分数：1。00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Old English）

解析:[解析］ 现在人们一般把盎格鲁-撒克逊语称为什么？Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as Old English。 答案为Old English。

48.In the 9th century the land was 1 again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings。 (分数:1。00）

填空项1：__________________ (正确答案：invaded）

解析：［解析］ 9世纪时，挪威和丹麦等斯堪的纳维亚人怎么样英国?In the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings。 答案为invaded。

49。Middle English lasted for more than three hundred years from 1 to 1500。 （分数：1.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案:1150）

解析：[解析］ 中古英语包括三百多年历史,从多少年到1500年？Middle English lasted for more than three hundred years from 1150 to 1500. 答案为1150。

50。The four major foreign contributors to English vocabulary in earlier times are Latin， French, Scandinavian and 1。 （分数：1.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案:Greek)

解析：[解析] 英语在早期阶段主要是向拉丁语、法语、斯堪的纳维亚语和什么语借词？In earlier stages of English， French， Latin， Greek and Scandinavian were the major contributors。 答案为Greek。 51.The English words ”power\ （分数:1。00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：French）

解析：［解析］ 英语词汇“power\"、“crime”来自什么外语?从1250年到1500年，大约有9000个法语词汇进入到英语中,这些词与人类社会的各个方面都有关系，、社会等级、法律、宗教、道德领域、军事、食物、时装等。此类词语有：state（国家)，power（权力)，crime(罪行），angel（天使)等。答案为French.

52。In the Middle English period, the Norman Conquest started a continual flow of 1 words into English. (分数：1。00）

填空项1：__________________ （正确答案:French）

解析：[解析] 继诺尔曼征服之后，什么词汇不断地输入到英语中去？The Norman Conquest star ted a continual flow of French words into English。 答案为French。

53。If we say that Old English was a language of full endings， Middle English was one of 1 endings. （分数：1.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：leveled）

解析：[解析］ 如果说古英语尽是词尾的话，那么中古英语的词尾已经怎么样？If we say that Old English was a language of full endings， Middle English was one of leveled endings。 答案为leveled。

54.In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present 1 language。 （分数：1.00）

填空项1：__________________ (正确答案：analytic）

解析：[解析] 在现代英语中，除了少数一些词之外，词尾几乎都消失了。可以这样说,英语已从古英语的综合型语言发展成了现在的分析型语言。答案为analytic。

55。The rapid development of science and 1 contributes a lot to the vocabulary development. （分数:1.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：technology)

解析：[解析］ 科学和什么的迅速发展对词汇的发展产生了很大的作用?Rapid development of science and technology contributes a lot to the vocabulary development. 答案为technology。

三、{｛B}｝Ⅲ。｛｛/B｝}(总题数：5，分数:15.00)

英语词汇学自考题-19

56。inflected language （分数：3。00）

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正确答案：(The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly inflected language。 It was a language in which the various forms of a given word showed its relationship to other words in a sentence.) 解析： 57.Germanic （分数：3。00）

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正确答案：(Germanic is a term used to refer to a branch of the Indo-European language family， which consists of English， German， Dutch， etc.） 解析：

58.Middle English （分数：3。00)

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：（It refers to the language used from 1150 to 1500。） 解析:

59。creation （as a mode of vocabulary development) （分数：3。00）

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正确答案：(Creation refers to the formation of new words by using the existing materials, namely roots， affixes and other elements. This is the most important way of vocabulary expansion。） 解析：

60。semantic change （分数：3.00)

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正确答案：（semantic change means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need. This does not increase the number of word forms but create many more new usages of the words, thus enriching the vocabulary.) 解析:

四、{{B｝｝Ⅳ。｛｛/B}}（总题数:7，分数：21。00)

61.Why should students of English lexicology study Indo-European Language Family？ （分数：3。00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：（The Indo-European Language Family is considered as one of the most important language families。 It includes most languages of Europe, the Near East， and India。 Those languages， which are believed to have originated from this language family and developed along different lines, show various degrees of similarity to one another. They fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set: Balto—Slavic， Indo-Iranian， Armenian and Albanian； a Western set. Celtic， Italic， Hellenic, Germanic。 All the languages including the English language in both sets have some influence on English to a greater or lesser extent。 Therefore, if they can spend some time studying Indo-European Language Family， students of English lexicology will probably acquire a deeper knowledge of the growth and development of the English language。) 解析：

62。Make a tree diagram to show the family relations of the modern languages given below: Roumanian Greek Swedish English German Spanish Hindi Lithuanian Prussian Norwegian Icelandic French Breton Polish Slovenian

英语词汇学自考题-19

Russian Persian Danish Dutch Italian Portuguese Scottish Bulgarian Irish (分数：3。00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：（[*］) 解析:

63.Explain the three different periods of the English development. （分数:3.00）

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正确答案：（（1)Old English (450—1150)。 After the Romans， the Germanic tribes called Angles， Saxons， and Jutes came in great numbers. Soon they permanent control of the land， which was to be called England. Their language， historically known as Anglo-Saxon, dominated and almost totally blotted out the Celtic。 Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as Old English. Old English has a vocabulary of about 50000-60000 words。 It was a highly inflected language。 (2)Middle English (1150-1500)。 The Norman Conquest in 1066 started a continual flow of French words into English and Norman， and French became the polite speech. But by the end of the 13th century， English gradually came back。 （3)Modern English(1500—up to now）。 Modern English began with the establishment of printing in England. In Modern English, English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present analytic language from all major.) 解析：

.leorn→ian→lern→en→learn Above is the change of ”learn\" from Old English through Middle English to Modern English. What can you conclude from the viewpoint of the development of English vocabulary? (分数：3.00）

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正确答案：（In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions。 It can be concluded that English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present analytic language。） 解析:

65.As far as growth of present—day English vocabulary is concerned， what are the three main sources of new words? (分数：3。00)

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正确答案：（(1）the rapid development of modern science and technology； （2) social， economic and political changes; （3)the influence of other cultures and languages。） 解析:

66。Enumerate the major modes of modern vocabulary development。 (分数：3.00）

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正确答案:（(1) Creation refers to the formation of new words by using the existing materials, namely roots， affixes and other elements; （2)Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need。 This does not increase the number of word forms but create many more new usages of the words, thus enriching the vocabulary； （3）Borrowing has played a vital role in the development of vocabulary, particularly in earlier times。) 解析:

67。Identify the origins of the following words： wok, sauerkraut， thrive， dress， taboo, czar， woodoo, kangaroo, tatami, chili， minimum， alibi, shampoo， Muslin， chocolate， cotton, symphony， dress, fry， coolie， synonym， grammar， etymology， species, egg, they, kimono, boomerang, cloak, arena. (分数：3.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(wok （Chinese), sauerkraut （German)， thrive (Scandinavian), dress (French）, taboo

（Polynesian), czar （Russian）， woodoo （African）, kangaroo (Australian native）， tatami (Japanese), chili (Mexican）， minimum(Latin）, alibi（Latin)， shampoo（Hindi)， Muslin(Arabic）， chocolate

英语词汇学自考题-19

（Mexican), cotton （Arabic), symphony (Italian), dress (French), fry （French)， coolie (Hindi), synonym （Greek）， grammar (Greek)， etymology （Greek)， species (Latin), egg （Scandinavian)， they

(Scandinavian）， kimono (Japanese）， boomerang （Australian native), cloak（French)， arena（Latin）.) 解析:

五、{{B}}Ⅴ.｛｛/B}}（总题数：1，分数:9.00）

68。He has been sick since this fall。 Tell what \"sick\" and ”fall\" mean respectively and explain why they take on those meanings in modern American English。 (分数：9。00)

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正确答案：((1） ”Sick” means ”ill” and ”fall\" means \"autumn” in present American English； (2) These words no longer have such meanings in present British English； （3)American English has revived the old meaning of ”sick\" and that of \"fall”。 This is the revival of archaic or obsolete words.) 解析： ja