2020年-全国大学英语四级考试(cet4)试题

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledHowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2.为了让孩子,父母应该……

HowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15

minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

AGrassrootsRemedy

Mostofusspendourlivesseekingthenaturalworld.Tothisend,wewalkthedog,playgolf,gofishing,sitinthegarden,drinkoutsideratherthaninsidethepub,haveapicnic,liveinthesuburbs,gototheseaside,buyaweekendplaceinthecountry.ThemostpopularleisureactivityinBritainisgoingforawalk.Andwhenjoggers(慢跑者)jog,theydon’ｔrunthestreets.Everyoneoftheminstinctivelyheadstotheparkortheriver.Itismyprofoundbeliefthatnotonlydoweallneednature,butweallseeknature,whetherweknowwearedoingsoornot.

Butdespitethis,ourchildrenaregrowingupnature-deprived(丧失).IspentmyboyhoodclimbingtreesonStreathamCommon,SouthLondon.Thesedays,childrenarerobbedoftheseancientfreedoms,duetoproblemslikecrime,traffic,thelossoftheopenspacesandoddnewperceptionsaboutwhatisbestforchildren,thatistosay,thingsthatcanbebought,ratherthanthingsthatcanbefound.

Thetruthistobefoundelsewhere.AstudyintheUS:familieshadmovedtobetterhousingandthechildrenwereassessedforADHD—attention

deficithyperactivity

disorder(多动症).Thosewhoseaccommodationhadmorenaturalviewsshowedanimprovementof19%;thosewhohadthesameimprovementinmaterialsurroundingsbutnoniceviewimprovedjust4%.

AstudyinSwedenindicatedthatkindergartenchildrenwhocouldplayinanaturalenvironmenthadlessillnessandgreaterphysicalabilitythanchildrenusedonlytoanormalplayground.AUSstudysuggestedthatwhenaschoolgavechildrenaccesstoanaturalenvironment,academiclevelswereraisedacrosstheentireschool.Anotherstudyfoundthatchildrenplaydifferently

inanaturalenvironment.

In

playgrounds,childrencreateahierarchy(等级)basedonphysicalabilities,withthetoughonestakingthelead.Butwhenagrassyareawasplantedwithbushes,thechildren

第1页

gotmuchmoreintofantasyplay,andthesocialhierarchywasnowbasedonimaginationandcreativity.

Mostbullying(恃强凌弱)isfoundinschoolswherethereisatarmac(柏油碎石)playground;theleastbullyingisinanaturalareathatthechildrenareencouragedtoexplore.ThisremindsmeunpleasantlyofSunnyhillSchoolinStreatham,withitsharshtarmac,whereIusedtohangaboutincornersfantasizingaboutwildlife.

Butchildrenarefrequentlydiscouragedfrominvolvementwithnaturalspaces,forhealthandsafetyreasons,forfearthattheymightgetdirtyorthattheymightcausedamage.So,instead,thedamageisdonetothechildrenthemselves:nottotheirbodiesbuttotheirsouls.

OneofthegreatproblemsofmodernchildhoodisADHD,

nowincreasinglyand

expensivelytreatedwithdrugs.YetonestudyafteranotherindicatesthatcontactwithnaturegiveshugebenefitstoADHDchildren.However,wespendmoneyondrugsratherthanongreenplaces.

Thelifeofoldpeopleismeasurablybetterwhentheyhaveaccesstonature.Theincreasingemphasisforthegrowingpopulationofoldpeopleisinqualityratherthanquantityofyears.Andstudyafterstudyfindsthatagardenisthesinglemostimportantthinginfindingthatquality.Inwiderandmoredifficult

areasoflife,thereisevidencetoindicatethatnatural

surroundingsimproveallkindsofthings.Evenproblemswithcrimeandaggressivebehaviourarereducedwhenthereiscontactwiththenaturalworld.

DrWilliamBird,researcherfromtheRoyalSocietyfortheProtectionofBirds,statesinhisstudy,“Ａnaturalenvironmentcanreduceviolentbehaviourbecauseitsrestorativeprocesshelpsreduceangerandimpulsivebehaviour.”Wildplacesneedencouragingforthisreason,nomatterhowsmalltheircontribution.

Wetendtolookonnatureconservationassomekindoffavourthathumanbeingsaregrantingtothenaturalworld.Theerrorhereisfartoodeep:notonlydohumansneednatureforthemselves,buttheveryideathathumanityandthenaturalworldareseparablethingsisprofoundlydamaging.

Humanbeingsareaspeciesofmammals(哺乳动物).Forsevenmillionyearstheylivedontheplanetaspartofnature.Ourancestralselvesmissthenaturalworldandlongforcontactwithnon-humanlife.Anyonewhohaspattedadog,strokedacat,satunderatreewithapintofbeer,givenorreceivedabunchofflowersorchosentowalkthroughtheparkonaniceday,understandsthat.

Weneedthewildworld.Itisessentialtoourwell-being,ourhealth,ourhappiness.Withoutthewildworldwearenotmorebutlesscivilized.Withoutotherlivingthingsarounduswearelessthanhuman.

Fivewaystofindharmonywiththenaturalworld

Walk:Breaktherhythmofpermanentlybeingunderaroof.Getoffastopearlier,makeacircuitoftheparkatlunchtime,walkthechildtoandfromschool,getadog,feelyourselfmovinginmovingair,look,listen,absorb.

Sit:Takeamoment,everynowandthen,tobestillinanopenspace.Inthegarden,anywherethat’ｓnotintheoffice,anywhereoutofthehouse,awayfromtheroutine.Situnderatree,lookatwater,feelrefreshed,eversoslightlyrenewed.

第2页

Drink:Thebestwaytoenjoythenaturalworldisbyyourself;thesecondbestwayisincompany.Takeadrinkoutsidewithagoodperson,agoodgathering:talkwiththesunandthewindwithbirdsongforbackground.

Learn:Expandyourboundaries.Learnfivespeciesofbird,fivebutterflies,fivetrees,fivebirdsongs.Thatway,youseeandhearmore:andyourmindrespondsgratefullytothegreateramountofwildnessinyourlife.

Travel:Theplacesyoualwayswantedtovisit:bytheseaside,inthecountry,inthehills.Takeaweekendbreak,aday-trip,getoutthereanddoit:forthescenery,forthewaythroughthewoods,forthebirds,forthebees.Gosomewherespecialandbringspecialnesshome.Itlastsforever,afterall.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

1上作答。

1.Whatistheauthor’ｓprofoundbelief?

[A]Peopleinstinctivelyseeknatureindifferentways.[B]Peopleshouldspendmostoftheirlivesinthewild.[C]Peoplehavequitedifferentperceptionsofnature.[D]Peoplemustmakemoreeffortstostudynature.

2.Whatdoestheauthorsaypeoplepreferfortheirchildrennowadays?[A]Personalfreedom.[B]Thingsthatarenatural.[C]Urbansurroundings.[D]Thingsthatarepurchased.3.WhatdoesastudyinSwedenshow?

[A]Thenaturalenvironmentcanhelpchildrenlearnbetter.[B]Moreaccesstonaturemakeschildrenlesslikelytofallill.[C]Agoodplaygroundhelpskidsdeveloptheirphysicalabilities.[D]NaturalviewscanpreventchildrenfromdevelopingADHD.4.Childrenwhohavechancestoexplorenaturalareas________.[A]tendtodevelopastrongloveforscience[B]aremorelikelytofantasiseaboutwildlife[C]tendtobephysicallytougherinadulthood[D]arelesslikelytobeinvolvedinbullying

5.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestwedotohelpchildrenwithADHD?[A]Findmoreeffectivedrugsforthem.[B]Providemoregreenspacesforthem.[C]Placethemundermorepersonalcare.[D]Engagetheminmoremeaningfulactivities.

6.Inwhatwaydoelderlypeoplebenefitfromtheircontactwithnature?[A]Theylookonlifeoptimistically.

[C]Theyareabletolivelonger.

[B]Theyenjoyalifeofbetterquality.[D]Theybecomegood-humored.7.DrWilliamBirdsuggestsinhisstudythat________.[A]humanityandnaturearecomplementarytoeachother[B]wildplacesmayinduceimpulsivebehaviourinpeople[C]accesstonaturecontributestothereductionofviolence[D]ittakesalongtimetorestorenatureoncedamaged

第3页

8.Itisextremelyharmful9.

The

author

believes

tothinkthat

we

thathumanitywould

not

andthenaturalworldbe

so

civilized

can

be________________________.

without

________________________.

10.Thefivesuggestionstheauthorgivesattheendofthepassagearemeanttoencouragepeopletoseek_________________withthenaturalworld.

PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

2上作答。

11.[A]Themanshouldvisitthemuseums.[C]Thebeachresortisagoodchoice.[B]Shecan’ｔstandthehotweather.[D]SheenjoysstayinginWashington.12.[A]Hernewresponsibilitiesinthecompany.[B]Whatherjobprospectsare.[C]Whatthecustomers’feedbackis.[D]Thedirector

’ｓopinionofherwork.

13.[A]Combinehertrainingwithdieting.[B]Repeatthetrainingeverythreedays.[C]Avoidexcessivephysicaltraining.[D]Includeweightliftingintheprogram.14.[A]Whenshewillreturnhome.[B]Whethershecangobyherself.[C]Whethershecantravelbyair.[D]Whenshewillcompletelyrecover.

第4页

15.[A]Thewomanknowshowtodealwiththepolice.[B]Thewomanhadbeenfinedmanytimesbefore.[C]Thewomanhadviolatedtrafficregulations.[D]Thewomanisgoodatfindingexcuses.16.[A]Switchofftherefrigeratorforawhile.[B]Havesomeonerepairtherefrigerator.[C]Askthemantofixtherefrigerator.[D]Buyarefrigeratorofbetterquality.

17.[A]Heownsapieceoflandinthedowntownarea.[B]Hehasgotenoughmoneytobuyahouse.[C]Hecanfinallydowhathehasdreamedof.[D]Heismovingintoabiggerapartment.18.[A]Sheisblackandblueallover.[B]Shehastogotoseeadoctor.

[C]Shestayedawayfromworkforafewdays.[D]Shegothurtinanaccidentyesterday.

Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.[A]Shewasabankmanager.[B]Shewasavictimoftherobbery.[C]Shewasadefencelawyer.[D]Shewasawitnesstothecrime.

20.[A]Atallmanwithdarkhairandamoustache.[B]Ayouthwithadistinguishingmarkonhisface.[C]Athirty-year-oldguywearingalightsweater.[D]Amedium-sizedyoungmancarryingagun.

21.[A]Identifythesuspectfrompictures.[C]Haveherphototakenfortheirfiles.[B]Goupstairstosignsomedocument.[D]Verifytherecordofwhatshehadsaid.

Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

22.[A]Byreadinganewspaperad.[C]Bylisteningtothemorningnews.[B]ByseeingacommercialonTV.[D]Bycallinganemploymentservice.23.[A]Shecouldimproveherforeignlanguages.[B]Shecouldworkclosetoherfamily.[C]Shecouldtraveloverseasfrequently.[D]Shecoulduseherpreviousexperiences.

24.[A]Takingmanagementcourses.[C]Workingasasecretary.[B]TeachingEnglishatauniversity.[D]StudyingforadegreeinFrench.25.[A]Prepareforaninterviewinacoupleofdays.[B]Readtheadvertisementagainformoredetails.[C]Sendinawrittenapplicationassoonaspossible.[D]Gettoknowthecandidatesontheshortlist.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonly

第5页

once.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡PassageOne

2上作答。

Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

26.[A]Theycannotseethefirefightersbecauseofthesmoke.[B]Theydonotrealizethedangertheyarein.[C]Theycannothearthefirefightersforthenoise.[D]Theymistakethefirefightersformonsters.

27.[A]HetravelsalloverAmericatohelpputoutfires.[B]Heoftenteacheschildrenwhattododuringafire.[C]HeteachesSpanishinaSanFranciscocommunity.[D]Heprovidesoxygenmaskstochildrenfreeofcharge.28.[A]Hesavedthelifeofhisbrotherchokingonfood.[B]Herescuedastudentfromabigfire.[C]Heisverygoodatpublicspeaking.

[D]Hegivesinformativetalkstoyoungchildren.29.[A]FirefightersplayanimportantroleinAmerica.[B]Kidsshouldlearnnottobeafraidofmonsters.[C]Carelessnesscanresultintragedies.[D]Informativespeechescansavelives.PassageTwo

Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

30.[A]Tosatisfytheneedsoftheirfamily.[B]Tofullyrealizetheirpotential.[C]Tomakemoneyforearlyretirement.[D]Togainasenseoftheirpersonalworth.

31.[A]Theymayhavetocontinuetoworkinoldage.[B]Theymayregretthetimetheywasted.

[C]Theymayhavenobodytodependoninthefuture.[D]Theymayhavefewerjobopportunities.32.[A]Makingwiseuseofyourtime.[B]Enjoyingyourselfwhileyoucan.[C]Savingasmuchasyoucan.[D]Workinghardandplayinghard.PassageThree

Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

33.[A]Hardworkingstudentsbeingaccusedofcheating.[B]Boystudentsbeingoftentreatedaslaw-breakers.[C]Innocentpeoplebeingsuspectedgroundlessly.[D]Junioremployeesbeingmadetoworkovertime.

34.[A]Forbiddingstudentstotakefoodoutoftherestaurant.[B]Requestingcustomerstopaybeforetakingthefood.

第6页

[C]Askingcustomerstoleavetheirbagsonthecounters.[D]Allowingonlytwostudentstoenteratatime.

35.[A]Hewastakentothemanager.[C]Hewasaskedtoleave.[B]Hewascloselywatched.[D]Hewasovercharged.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

注意：此部分试题在答题卡

2上作答。

Writingkeepsusintouchwithotherpeople.Wewritetocommunicatewithrelativesandfriends.Wewriteto(36)_____________ourfamilyhistoriessoourchildrenandgrandchildrencanlearnand(37)_____________theirheritage(传统).WithcomputersandInternetconnectionsinsomany(38)_____________,colleges,business,peoplee-mailingfriendsandrelativesallthetime—ortalkingtotheminwritinginonline(39)_____________rooms.Itischeaperthancallinglongdistance,andalotmore(40)_____________thanwaitinguntilSundayforthetelephone(41)_____________todrop.Studentsaree-mailingtheirprofessorsto(42)_____________anddiscusstheirclassroomassignmentsandto(43)_____________them.Theyaree-mailingclassmatesto

discuss

and

collaborate

(

合

作

)

on

homework.

(44)

__________________________________________________________.

Despitethegrowingimportanceofcomputers,however,therewillalwaysbeaplaceandneed

for

the

personal

letter.

(45)

____________________________________________________.

Nomatterwhatthe

but

contentofthemessage,itsrealpointis,“ＩwantyoutoknowthatIcareaboutyou.”(46)____________________________________________________________________,onlyinthesuccessofhumanrelationships.

PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25

minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

第7页

Whatdeterminesthekindofpersonyouare?Whatfactorsmakeyoumoreorlessbold,intelligent,orabletoreadamap?Alloftheseareinfluencedbytheinteractionofyourgenesandtheenvironmentinwhichyouwere47.Thestudyofhowgenesandenvironmentinteracttoinfluence48activityisknownasbehavioralgenetics.Behavioralgeneticshasmadeimportant49tothebiologicalrevolution,providinginformationabouttheextenttowhichbiologyinfluencesmind,brainandbehavior.

Anyresearchthatsuggeststhat50toperformcertainbehaviorsarebasedinbiologyiscontroversial.Whowantstobetoldthattherearelimitationstowhatyoucan51basedonsomethingthatisbeyondyourcontrol,suchasyourgenes?Itiseasytoacceptthatgenescontrolphysicalcharacteristicssuchassex,raceandeyecolor.Butcangenesalsodeterminewhetherpeoplewillgetdivorced,how52theyare,orwhatcareertheyarelikelytochoose?Aconcernofpsychologicalscientistsisthe53towhichallofthesecharacteristicsareinfluencedbynatureandnurture(养育),bygeneticmakeupandtheenvironment.Increasingly,science54thatgeneslaythegroundworkformanyhumantraits.Fromthisperspective,peopleareborn55likeundevelopedphotographs:Theimageisalreadycaptured,butthewayit56appearscanvarybasedonthedevelopmentprocess.However,thebasicpictureistherefromthebeginning.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

[A][I]extent[B]

[J]indicates[C]

[K]proceeds[D][E][F][N]smart[G]

essentially

[O]standard[H]eventually

SectionB

complaintscontributions

displayed

[L]psychological[M]raised

appealachieveabilities

2上作答。

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Itisprettymuchaone-waystreet.Whileitmaybecommonforuniversityresearcherstotrytheirluckinthecommercialworld,thereisverylittletrafficintheoppositedirection.

第8页

Payhasalwaysbeenthebiggestdeterrent,aspeoplewithfamiliesoftenfeeltheycannotaffordthedropinsalarywhenmovingtoauniversityjob.Forsomeindustrialscientists,however,theattractionsofacademia(学术界)outweighanyfinancialconsiderations.HelenLeetooka70%cutinsalarywhenshemovedfromaseniorpostinAbbottLaboratoriestoamedicaldepartmentattheUniversityofCambridge.Hermainreasonforreturningtoacademiamid-careerwastotakeadvantageofthegreaterfreedomtochooseresearchquestions.Someareasofinquiryhavefewprospectsofacommercialreturn,andLee’ｓisoneofthem.

Theimpactofasalarycutisprobablylesssevereforascientistintheearlystagesofacareer.GuyGrant,nowaresearchassociateattheUnileverCentreforMolecularInformatics

atthe

University

of

Cambridge,

spenttwo

yearsworking

for

a

pharmaceutical(制药的)companybeforereturningtouniversityasapost-doctoralresearcher.Hetooka30%salarycutbutfeltitworthwhileforthegreaterintellectualopportunities.

Higheruptheladder,whereapaycutisusuallymoresignificant,thedemandforscientistswithawealthofexperienceinindustryisforcinguniversitiestomakethetransition(转换)toacademiamoreattractive,accordingtoLee.Industrialscientiststendtoreceivetrainingthatacademicsdonot,suchashowtobuildamultidisciplinaryteam,managebudgetsandnegotiatecontracts.Theyarealsowellplacedtobringsomethingextratotheteachingsideofanacademicrolethatwillhelpstudentsgetajobwhentheygraduate,saysLee,perhapsexperienceinmanufacturingpracticeorproductdevelopment.“Onlyasmallnumberofundergraduateswillcontinueinanacademiccareer.Sosomeoneleavinguniversitywhoalreadyhastheskillsneededtoworkinanindustriallabhasfarmorepotentialinthejobmarketthansomeonewhohasspentalltheirtimeonanarrowresearchproject.

”

2上作答。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

57.By“ａone-waystreet(Line”1,Para.1),theauthormeans________.[A]universityresearchersknowlittleaboutthecommercialworld[B]thereislittleexchangebetweenindustryandacademia[C]fewindustrialscientistswouldquittoworkinauniversity[D]fewuniversityprofessorsarewillingtodoindustrialresearch

58.Theword“deterrent(Line”2,Para.1)mostprobablyreferstosomethingthat________.

[A]keepssomeonefromtakingaction[C]attractspeople’ｓattention[B]helpstomovethetraffic[D]bringssomeoneafinancialburden

59.WhatwasHelenLee’ｓmajorconsiderationwhenshechangedherjobinthemiddleofhercareer?

[A]Flexibleworkhours.[C]Herpreferenceforthelifestyleoncampus.[B]Herresearchinterests.[D]Prospectsofacademicaccomplishments.

60.GuyGrantchosetoworkasaresearcheratCambridgeinorderto________.[A]dofinanciallymorerewardingwork[B]raisehisstatusintheacademicworld[C]enrichhisexperienceinmedicalresearch[D]exploitbetterintellectualopportunities

第9页

61.Whatcontributioncanindustrialscientistsmakewhentheycometoteachinauniversity?

[A]Increaseitsgraduatescompetitiveness’inthejobmarket.[B]Developitsstudentspotential’inresearch.[C]Helpittoobtainfinancialsupportfromindustry.[D]Gearitsresearchtowardspracticalapplications.

PassageTwo

Questions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Beingsociablelookslikeagoodwaytoaddyearstoyourlife.Relationshipswithfamily,friends,neighbours,evenpets,willalldothetrick,butthebiggestlongevity(长寿)boostseemstocomefrommarriageoranequivalentrelationship.Theeffectwasfirstnotedin1858byWilliamFarr,whowrotethatwidowsandwidowers(鳏夫)wereatamuchhigherriskofdyingthantheirmarriedpeers.Studiessincethensuggestthatmarriagecouldaddasmuchassevenyearstoaman’ｓlifeandtwotoawoman’s.Theeffectholdsforallcausesofdeath,whetherillness,accidentorself-harm.

Eveniftheoddsarestackedagainstyou,marriagecanmorethancompensate.LindaWaiteoftheUniversityofChicagohasfoundthatamarriedoldermanwithheartdiseasecanexpecttolivenearlyfouryearslongerthananunmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Likewise,amarriedmanwhosmokesmorethanapackadayislikelytoliveaslongasadivorcedmanwhodoesn’ｔsmoke.There’ｓaflipside,however,aspartnersaremorelikelytobecomeillordieinthecoupleofyearsfollowingtheirspouse’ｓdeath,andcaringforaspousewithmentaldisordercanleaveyouwithsomeofthesamesevereproblems.Evenso,theoddsfavourmarriage.Ina30-yearstudyofmorethan10,000people,NicholasChristakisofHarvardMedicalSchooldescribeshowallkindsofsocialnetworkshavesimilareffects.

Sohowdoesitwork?Theeffectsarecomplex,affectedbysocio-economicfactors,health-serviceprovision,emotionalsupportandothermorephysiological(生理的)mechanisms.Forexample,socialcontactcanboostdevelopmentofthebrainandimmunesystem,leadingtobetterhealthandlesschanceofdepressionlaterinlife.Peopleinsupportiverelationshipsmayhandlestressbetter.Thentherearethepsychologicalbenefitsofasupportivepartner.

Alifepartner,childrenandgoodfriendsareallrecommendedifyouaimtoliveto100.Theultimatesocialnetworkisstillbeingmappedout,butChristakissays:“Peopleareinterconnected,sotheirhealthisinterconnected.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

2上作答。

”

62.WilliamFarr’ｓstudyandotherstudiesshowthat_________.[A]sociallifeprovidesaneffectivecureforillness[B]beingsociablehelpsimproveone’ｓqualityoflife[C]womenbenefitmorethanmenfrommarriage[D]marriagecontributesagreatdealtolongevity

63.LindaWaite’ｓstudiessupporttheideathat_________.[A]oldermenshouldquitsmokingtostayhealthy[B]marriagecanhelpmakeupforillhealth

第10页

[C]themarriedarehappierthantheunmarried[D]unmarriedpeoplearelikelytosufferinlaterlife

.Itcanbeinferredfromthecontextthatthe“flipside”(Line4,Para.2)refersto_________.

[A]thedisadvantagesofbeingmarried

[B]theemotionalproblemsarisingfrommarriage[C]theresponsibilityoftakingcareofone’ｓfamily[D]theconsequenceofabrokenmarriage

65.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsocialnetworks?[A]Theyhaveeffectssimilartothoseofamarriage.[B]Theyhelpdeveloppeople’ｓcommunityspirit.[C]Theyprovidetimelysupportforthoseinneed.[D]Theyhelprelievepeopleoftheirlife’ｓburdens.66.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

[A]It’ｓimportantthatwedevelopasocialnetworkwhenyoung.[B]Tostayhealthy,oneshouldhaveapropersocialnetwork.[C]Gettingadivorcemeansriskingareducedlifespan.[D]Weshouldshareoursocialnetworkswitheachother.

PartⅤCloze(15minutes)

Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D]ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

2上作答。

Overhalftheworld’ｓpeoplenowliveincities.Thelatest“GlobalReportonHumanSettlementss”aysasignificantchangetookplacelastyear.Thereport67thisweekfromU.N.Habitat,aUnitedNationsagency.

Acenturyago,68thanfivepercentofallpeoplelivedincities.69themiddleofthiscenturyitcouldbeseventypercent,or70sixandahalfbillionpeople.

Alreadythree-fourthsofpeoplein71countriesliveincities.Nowmosturbanpopulation72isinthedevelopingworld.

Urbanizationcan73tosocialandeconomicprogress,butalsoput74oncitiestoprovidehousingand75.Thenewreportsaysalmosttwohundredthousandpeoplemove76citiesandtownseachday.Itsaysworseninginequalities,77bysocialdivisionsanddifferencesin78,couldresultinviolenceandcrime79citiesplanbetter.

Anotherissueisurbansprawl(无序扩展的城区).Thisiswherecities80quicklyintoruralareas,sometimes81amuchfasterratethanurbanpopulationgrowth.

Sprawlis82intheUnitedStates.Americansmovealot.Inarecentstudy,ArtHallattheUniversityofKansasfoundthatpeoplearemovingawayfromthe83citiestosmallerones.Heseesa84toward“de-urbanizationacrossthe”nation.85urbaneconomiesstillprovidemany86thatruralareasdonot.67.[A]cameon[C]cameover

第11页

[B]cameoff[D]cameout68.[A]more[C]less[B]other[D]rather69.[A]By[C]Along[B]Through[D]To70.[A]really[C]ever[B]barely[D]almost

71.[A]flourishing[C]thriving[B]developed[D]fertile72.[A]extension[C]raise[B]addition[D]growth73.[A]keep[C]lead[B]turn[D]refer

74.[A]pressure[C]restraint[B]load[D]weight

75.[A]surroundings[C]concerns[B]communities[D]services76.[A]onto[C]around[B]into[D]upon77.[A]pulled[C]drawn[B]driven[D]pressed78.[A]situation[C]treasure[B]wealth[D]category79.[A]when[C]unless[B]if[D]whereas80.[A]expand[C]invade[B]split[D]enlarge81.[A]in[C]with[B]beyond[D]at

82.[A]common[C]ordinary[B]conventional[D]frequent83.[A]essential[C]primitive[B]prior[D]major84.[A]trend[C]direction[B]style[D]path85.[A]Then[C]For[B]But[D]While

86.[A]abilities[C]possibilities[B]qualities[D]realities

PartVITranslation(5minutes)

Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.

第12页

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。

87.________________________________________________________(为了确保他参加会议),Icalledhimupinadvance.

88.Themagnificentmuseum________________________________________(据说建成于)aboutahundredyearsago..

There

would

be

no

life

on).

earth

___________________________________________(没有地球独特的环境90.___________________________________(给游客印象最深的andwarmthofthelocalpeople.

91.Theyrequestedthat__________________________________________(我借的书还回图书馆)bynextFriday.

)wasthefriendliness

第13页