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2019年6月大学英语六级真题及答案完整版卷1 2 3

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2019年6月大学英语六级真题及答案完整版（卷一） Part I Writing

1、【题干】Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of motivation and methods in learning. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

【答案】What is the most important quality for learning? From my perspective, what we need are motivation and methods.

Motivation refers to desire and determination in people to be continually interested in and committed to certain aims. It is an indispensable part of learning. If we want to complete heavy school work, motivation is a necessity. Without motivation, it is hard to overcome difficulties. The inventor of the electric bulb, one of the famous scientists in the world, Thomas Edison, is a good case in point. Before the bulb came into being, he had failed thousands of times. With motivation, he finally lit the whole world.

With motivation we also need proper methods to study efficiently. Generally speaking, the more effectively you study, the greater success you will achieve. Method is a great element of learning. Without proper methods, we may go nowhere in our pursuit of success in study. In a word, motivation and methods play a vital role in successful study. The same is true of other aspects of our life, such as friendship, love and career. As the saying goes:\" Motivation is what gets you started. Methods are what helps you keep going.\" PartⅡ Listening Comprehension

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听力答案：

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2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题听力原文（卷一）

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Part Ⅲ Reading Section A

Pasta is no longer off the menu, after a new review of studies suggested that the carbohydrate can form part of a healthy diet, and even help people lose weight. For years, nutritionists have recommended that pasta be kept to a _____(27), to cut calories, prevent fat build-up and stop blood sugar _____(28)up.

The low-carbohydrate food movement gave birth to such diets as the Atkins, Paleo and Keto, which advised swapping foods like bread, pasta and potatoes for vegetables, fish and meat. More recently the trend of swapping spaghetti for vegetables has been _____(29)by clean-eating experts.

But now a _____(30)review and analysis of _____(31)studies by Canadian researchers found that not only does pasta not cause weight gain, but three meals a week can help people drop more than half a kilogram over four months. The reviewers found that pasta had been unfairly demonized(妖魔化)because it had been _____(32)in with other, more fit-promoting carbohydrates.

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\"The study found that pasta didn't 3 to weight gain or increase in body fat,\" said lead author Dr John Sievenpiper. \"In _____(33)the evidence, we can now say with some confidence that pasta does not have an _____(34)effect on body weigh outcomes when it is consumed as part of a healthy dietary pattern.\" In fact, analysis actually showed a small weigh loss _____(35)to concerns. Perhaps pasta can be part of a healthy diet

Those involved in the _____(36)trials on average ate 3.3 servings of pasta a week instead of other carbohydrates, one serving equaling around half a cup. They lost around half a kilogram over an average follow-up of 12 weeks. 27、【题干】_____. 【选项】 A.adverse B.championed C.clinical D.contrary E.contribute F.intimate G.lumped H.magnified I.minimum J.radiating K.ration L.shooting M.subscribe N.systematic

O.weighing 【答案】I

28、【题干】_____. 【选项】 A.adverse B.championed C.clinical D.contrary E.contribute F.intimate G.lumped H.magnified I.minimum J.radiating K.ration

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L.shooting M.subscribe N.systematic O.weighing 【答案】L

29、【题干】_____. 【选项】 A.adverse B.championed C.clinical D.contrary E.contribute F.intimate G.lumped H.magnified

I.minimum J.radiating K.ration L.shooting M.subscribe N.systematic O.weighing 【答案】B

30、【题干】_____.【选项】 A.adverse B.championed C.clinical D.contrary E.contribute F.intimate G.lumped H.magnified I.minimum J.radiating K.ration L.shooting M.subscribe N.systematic

O.weighing 【答案】N

31、【题干】_____. 【选项】 A.adverse B.championed C.clinical D.contrary E.contribute F.intimate G.lumped H.magnified I.minimum J.radiating K.ration L.shooting M.subscribe N.systematic O.weighing 【答案】G

32、【题干】_____. 【选项】 A.adverse B.championed

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C.clinical D.contrary E.contribute F.intimate G.lumped H.magnified I.minimum J.radiating K.ration L.shooting M.subscribe N.systematic O.weighing 【答案】E

33、【题干】_____.【选项】 A.adverse B.championed C.clinical D.contrary E.contribute F.intimate G.lumped H.magnified

I.minimum J.radiating K.ration L.shooting M.subscribe N.systematic O.weighing 【答案】O

34、【题干】_____. 【选项】 A.adverse B.championed C.clinical D.contrary E.contribute F.intimate G.lumped H.magnified I.minimum J.radiating K.ration

L.shooting M.subscribe N.systematic O.weighing 【答案】A

35、【题干】_____. 【选项】 A.adverse B.championed C.clinical D.contrary E.contribute F.intimate G.lumped H.magnified I.minimum J.radiating K.ration L.shooting M.subscribe N.systematic

O.weighing 【答案】D

36、【题干】_____. 【选项】 A.adverse B.championed C.clinical D.contrary E.contribute F.intimate G.lumped H.magnified I.minimum J.radiating K.ration L.shooting M.subscribe N.systematic O.weighing 【答案】C

Part Ⅲ Reading Section B

The Best Retailers Combine Bricks and Clicks

[A] Retail profits are falling sharply. Stores are closing. Malls are emptying. The depressing

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stories just keep coming. Reading the earnings announcements of large retail stores like Macy's, Nordstrom, and Target is about as uplifting as a tour of an intensive care unit. The interact is apparently taking down yet another industry. Brick and mortar stores(实体店)seem to be going the way of the yellow pages. Sure enough, the Census Bureau just released data showing that online retail sales surged 15.2 percent between the first quarter of 2015 and the first quarter of 2016.

[B] But before you dump all of your retail stocks, there are more facts you should consider. Looking only at that 15.2 percent \"surge\" would be misleading. It was an increase that was on a small base of 6.9 percent. Even when a tiny number grows by a large percentage terms, it is often still tiny.

[C] More than 20 years after the internet was opened to commerce, the Census Bureau tells us that brick and mortar sales accounted for 92.3 percent of retail sales in the first quarter of 2016. Their data show that only 0.8 percent of retail sales shifted from offline to online between the beginning of 2015 and 2016.

[D] So, despite all the talk about drone (无人机) deliveries to your doorstep, all the retail executives expressing anxiety over consumers going online, and even a Presidential candidate exclaiming that Amazon has a \"huge antitrust problem,\" the Census data suggest that physical retail is thriving. Of course, the closed stores, depressed executives, and sinking stocks suggest otherwise. What's the real story?

[E] Many firms operating brick and mortar stores are in trouble. The retail industry is getting reinvented, as we describe in our new book Matchmakers. It's standing in the Path of what Schumpeter called a gale (大风) of creative destruction. That storm has been brewing for some time, and as it has reached gale force, most large retailers are searching for a response. As the CFO of Macy's put it recently, \"We're frankly scratching our heads.\"

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[F] But it's not happening as experts predicted. In the peak of the dot.com bubble, brick and mortar retail was one of those industries the internet was going to kill-and quickly. The dot corn bust discredited most predictions of that sort and in the years that followed, on-ventional retailers' confidence in the future increased as Census continued to report weak online sales. And then the gale hit.

[G] It is becoming increasingly clear that retail reinvention isn't a simple battle to the death between bricks and clicks. It is about devising retail models that work for people who are making increasing use of a growing array of internet-connected tools to change how they search, shop, and buy. Creative retailers are using the new technologies to innovate just about everything stores do from managing inventory, to marketing, to getting paid. [H] More than drones dropping a new supply of underwear on your doorstep, Apple's massively successful brick-and-mortar-and-glass retail stores and Amazon's small steps in the same direction are what should keep old-fashioned retailers awake at night. Not to mention the large number of creative new retailers, like Bonobos, that are blending online and offline experiences in creative ways.

[I] Retail reinvention is not a simple process, and it's also not happening on what used to be called \"Internet Time.\" Some internet-driven changes have happened quickly, of course. Craigslist quickly overtook newspaper classified ads and turned newspaper economics upside down. But many widely anticipated changes weren't quick, and some haven't really started. With the benefit of hindsight (后见之明), it looks like the interact will transform the economy at something like the pace of other great inventions like electricity. B2B commerce, for example, didn't move mainly online by 2005 as many had predicted in 2000, nor even by 2016, but that doesn't mean it won't do so over the next few decades.

[J] But the gale is still blowing. The sudden decline in foot traffic in recent years, even

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though it hasn't been accompanied by a massive decline in physical sales, is a critical warning. People can shop more efficiently online and therefore don't need to go to as many stores to find what they want. There's a surplus of physical shopping space for the crowds, which is one reason why stores are downsizing and closing.

[K] The rise of the mobile phone has recently added a new level of complexity to the process of retail reinvention. Even five years ago most people faced a choice. Sit at your computer, probably at home or at the office, search and browse, and buy. Or head out to the mall, or Main Street, look and shop, and buy. Now, just about everyone has a smartphone, connected to the internet almost everywhere almost all the time. Even when a retailer gets a customer to walk in the store, she can easily see if there's a better deal online or at another store nearby.

[L] So far, the main thing many large retailers have done in response to all this is to open online stores, so people will come to them directly rather than to Amazon and its smaller online rivals. Many are having the same problem that newspapers have. Even if they get online traffic, they struggle to make enough money online to compensate for what they are losing offline.

[M] A few seem to be making this work. Among large traditional retailers, Walmart recently reported the best results, leading its stock price to surge, while Macy's, Target, and Nordstrom's dropped. Yet Walmart's year-over-year online sales only grew 7 percent, leading its CEO to lament (哀叹), \"Growth here is too slow.\" Part of the problem is that almost two decades after Amazon filed the one click patent, the online retail shopping and buying experience is filled with frictions. A recent study graded more than 600 internet retailers on how easy it was for consumers to shop, buy, and pay. Almost half of the sites didn't get a passing grade and only 18 percent got an A or B.

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[N] The turmoil on the ground in physical retail is hard to square with the Census data. Unfortunately, part of the explanation is that the Census retail data are unreliable. Our deep 100k into those data and their preparation revealed serious problems. It seems likely that Census simply misclassifies a large chunk of online sales. It is certain that the Census procedures, which lump the online sales of major traditional retailers like Walmart with non-store retailers\"1ike food trucks. can mask major changes in individual retail categories. The bureau could easily present their data in more useful ways. but they have chosen not to.

[O] Despite the turmoil, brick and mortar won't disappear any time soon. The big questions are which, if any, of the large traditional retailers will still be on the scene in a decade or two because they have successfully reinvented themselves, which new players will operate busy stores on Main Streets and maybe even in shopping malls, and how the shopping and buying experience will have changed in each retail category. Investors shouldn't write off brick and mortar. Whether they should bet on the traditional players who run those stores now is another matter. 37.【题干】Although online retailing has existed for some twenty years, nearly half of the internet retailers still

fail

receive

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I

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J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】M

38.【题干】Innovative retailers integrate internet

satisfactory feedback from consumers, according to a recent survey. 【选项】

technologies with

conventional retailing to create new retail models. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】G

39.【题干】Despite what the Census data suggest, the value of physical retail's stocks has been dropping.

【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】D

40.【题干】Innovative—driven changes in the retail industry didn't take place as quickly as widely

anticipated. 【选项】 A.A

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B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】I

41.【题干】Statistics indicate that brick and mortar sales still made up the lion's share of the retail business. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D

E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】C

42.【题干】Companies that successfully combine online and offline business models may prove to be a big concern for traditional

retailers. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E

F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】H

43.【题干】Brick and mortar retailers' faith in their business was strengthened when the dot com bubble burst. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

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H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】F

44.【题干】Despite the tremendous challenges from

online

retailing,

traditional retailing will be here to stay for quite some time. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H

I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】O

45.【题干】With the rise of online commerce, physical retail stores are likely to suffer the same fate as i the yellow pages. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D

E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】A

46.【题干】The wide use of smartphones has made it more traditional

complex retailers

for to

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】K

reinvent their business. 【选项】

Part Ⅲ Reading Section C Passage One

Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage

Professor Stephen Hawking has warned that the creation of powerful artificial intelligence (AI) will be “either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanityhe creation of an academic institute dedicated to researching the future of intelligence as

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“crucial to the future of our civilization and our species.\"

Hawking was speaking at the opening of the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence (LCFI) at Cambridge University, a multi-disciplinary institute that will attempt to tackle some of the open-ended questions raised by the rapid pace of development in AI research. “We spend a great deal of time studying history,\" Hawking said, “which, let's face it, is mostly the history of stupidity. So it's a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence.\"

While the world-renowned physicist has often been cautious about AI, raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a super-intelligence with a will of its own, he was also quick to highlight the positives that AI research can bring. “The potential benefits of creating intelligence are huge,\" he said. “We cannot predict what we might achieve when our own minds are amplified by AI. Perhaps with the tools of this new technological revolution, we will be able to undo some of the damage done to the natural world by the last one – industrialization. And surely we will aim to finally eradicate disease and poverty. And every aspect of our lives will be transformed. In short, success in creating AI could be the biggest event in the history of our civilization.\"

Huw Price, the centre's academic director and the Bertrand Russell professor of philosophy at Cambridge University, where Hawking is also an academic, said that the centre came about partially as a result of the university's Centre for Existential Risk. That institute examined a wider range of potential problems or humanity, while the LCFI has a narrow focus.

AI pioneer Margaret Boden, professor of cognitive science at the University of Sussex, praised the progress of such discussions. As recently as 2009, she said, the topic wasn't taken seriously, even among AI researchers. “AI is hugely exciting,\" she said, “but it has

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limitations, which present grace dangers given uncritical use.\"

The academic community is not alone in warning about the potential dangers of AI as well as the potential benefits. A number of pioneers from the technology industry, most famously the entrepreneur Elon Musk, have also expressed their concerns about the damage that a super-intelligent AI could do to humanity.

47.【题干】What did Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence? 【选项】

A.It would be vital to the progress of human civilization. B.It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making. C.It might present challenges as well as opportunities. D.It would be a significant expansion of human intelligence. 【答案】B

48.【题干】What did Hawking say about the creation of the LCFI? 【选项】

A.It would accelerate the process of AI research. B.It would mark a step forward in the AI industry. C.It was extremely important to the destiny of humankind. D.It was an achievement of multi-disciplinary collaboration. 【答案】C

49.【题干】What did Hawking say was a welcome change in AI research? 【选项】

A.The shift of research focus from the past to the future. B.The shift of research from theory to implementation. C.The greater emphasis on the negative impact of AI.

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D.The increasing awareness of mankind's past stupidity. 【答案】A

50.【题干】What concerns did Hawking raise about AI? 【选项】

A.It may exceed human intelligence sooner or later. B.It may ultimately over-amplify the human mind. C.Super-intelligence may cause its own destruction. D.Super-intelligence may eventually ruin mankind. 【答案】D

51.【题干】What do we learn about some entrepreneurs from the technology industry? 【选项】

A.They are much influenced by the academic community. B.They are most likely to benefit from AI development. C.They share the same concerns about AI as academic. D.They believe they can keep AI under human control. 【答案】C Passage Two

Question 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.

The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach $30 billion by next year, and startups(初创公司)want in on the action. What they sometimes lack is feedback from the people who they hope will use their products. So Brookdale, the country's largest owner of retirement communication, has been inviting a few select entrepreneurs just to move in for a few days, show off their products and hear what the residents have to say.

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That's what brought Dayle Rodriguez, 28, all the way from England to the dining room of Brookdale South Bay in Torrance, California. Rodriguez is the community and marketing manager for a company called Sentab. The startup's product, Sentab TV, enables older adults who may not be comfortable with computers to access email, video chat and social media using just their televisions and a remote control.

“It's nothing new, it's nothing too complicated and it's natural because lots of people have TV remotes,\" says Rodriguez.

But none of that is the topic of conversation in the Brookdale dining room. Instead, Rodriguez solicits residents' advice on what he should get on his cheeseburger and how he should spend the afternoon. Playing cards was on the agenda, as well as learning to play mahjong(麻将).

Rodriguez says it's important that residents here don't feel like he's selling them something. “I've had more feedback in a passive approach,\" he says. “Playing pool, playing cards, having dinner, having lunch,\" all work better “than going through a survey of questions. When they get to know me and to trust me, knowing for sure I'm not selling them something – there'll be more honest feedback from them.\"

Rodriguez is just the seventh entrepreneur to move into one of Brookdale's 1,100 senior living communities. Other new products in the program have included a kind of full-body blow dryer and specially designed clothing that allows people with disabilities to dress and undress themselves.

Mary Lou Busch, 93, agreed to try the Sentab system. She tells Rodriguez that it might be good for someone, but not for her.

“I have the computer and Face Time, which I talk with my family on,\" she explains. She also has an iPad and a smartphone. “So I do pretty much everything I need to do.\"

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To be fair, if Rodriguez had wanted feedback from some more technophobic(害怕技术的) seniors, he might have ended up in the wrong Brookdale community. This one is located in the heart of Southern California's aerospace corridor. Many residents have backgrounds in engineering, business and academic circles.

But Rodriguez says he's still learning something important by moving into this Brookdale community: “People are more tech-proficient than we thought.\" And besides, where else would he learn to play mahjong? 52.【题干】What does the passage say about the startups? 【选项】

A.They never lose time in upgrading products for seniors. B.They want to have a share of the seniors' goods market. C.They invite seniors to their companies to try their products. D.They try to profit from promoting digital products to seniors. 【答案】B

53.【题干】Some entrepreneurs have been invited to Brookdale to . 【选项】

A.have an interview with potential customers B.conduct a survey of retirement communities C.collect residents' feedback on their products D.show senior residents how to use IT products 【答案】C

54.【题干】What do we know about Sentab TV? 【选项】

A.It is a TV program catering to the interest of the elderly.

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B.It is a digital TV which enjoys popularity among seniors. C.It is a TV specially designed for seniors to view programs. D.It is a communication system via TV instead of a computer. 【答案】D

55.【题干】What does Rodriguez say is important in promoting products? 【选项】

A.Winning trust from prospective customers. B.Knowing the likes and dislikes of customers. C.Demonstrating their superiority on the spot. D.Responding promptly to customer feedback. 【答案】A

56.【题干】What do we learn about the seniors in the Brookdale community? 【选项】

A.Most of them are interested in using the Sentab. B.They are quite at ease with high-tech products. C.They have much in common with seniors elsewhere. D.Most of them enjoy a longer life than average people. 【答案】B

Part IV Translation

57、【题干】成语是汉语中的一种独特的表达方式，大多由四个汉字组成。它们高度简练且形式固定，但通常能形象地表达深刻的含义。成语大多来源于中国古代的文学作品，通常与某些神话、传说或历史事件有关。如果不知道某个成语的出处，就很难理解其确切含义。因为，学习成语有助于人们更好地理解中国传统文化。成语在日常会话和文学创作中广泛使用。恰当使用成语可以使一个人的语言更具表现力，交流更

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有效。

【答案】Chinese idiom is a unique way of expression in Chinese, mostly composed of four Chinese characters. Although highly concise and fixed in form, they usually entail profound meanings. Most idioms stem from ancient Chinese literature and are usually related with certain myths, legends or historical events. It is difficult to understand its exact meaning with little knowledge of its origin as learning idioms helps people better understand Chinese traditional culture. Idioms are widely used in daily conversation and literary creation. Proper use of idioms can make a person's language more expressive and help to deliver a more effective communication.

2019年6月大学英语六级真题及答案解析完整版（卷二） Part I Writing

1、【题干】Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of mutual understanding and respect in interpersonal relationships. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

【答案】Everyone in the world cannot live without interacting with other people. I argue that mutual understanding and respect are indispensable to maintain genuine interpersonal relationship.

As competition in all fields grows increasingly fierce, nobody can achieve success in his life without the assistance of his partners. Take basketball hero Jordan for an instance, he can slam the dunk smartly because of contribution and assistance of his teammates. If people work separately, they will only suffer from frail minds and limited resources. It is a happy thing to understand and respect others in interpersonal relationships. Mutual understanding and respect can make people popular among others; mutual understanding

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and respect can bring hearts full of love; mutual understanding and respect can make people wise and benevolent. Without mutual understanding or respect, people cannot get along well with others.

Let us try our best to be people who can understand and respect others for understanding and respecting others is making ourselves understood and respected. PartⅡ Listening Comprehension Section A Conversation 1

Cathy: Hi, my name's Cathy, nice to meet you.

John: Nice to meet you too Kathy, my name's John. I'm a university friend of the bride. What about you? Who do you know at this party?

Cathy: I am a colleague of Brenda. I was a little surprised to be invited to be honest. We've only been working together the last six months, but we quickly became good friends. (1) We just wrapped up a project with a difficult client last week. I bet Brenda is glad it's done with, and she can focus on wedding preparations.

John: Oh, yes. So you are Cathy from the office. Actually I've heard a lot about you in that project, the client sounded like a real nightmare.

Cathy: Oh, he was, I mean we deal with all kinds of people on a regular basis, it's part of the job, but he was especially particular. Enough about that, what line of work are you in? John: Well, right out of college I worked in advertising for a while. Recently though, I turn my photography hobby into a small business. (2) I'll actually be taking photos during the big event as a wedding gift.

Cathy: That sounds wonderful and very thoughtful of you. I bake, just as a hobby. (3) But Brenda has asked me to do the cake for the wedding. I was a bit nervous saying yes because

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I'm far from a professional.

John: Did you bake the cookies here at the party tonight? Cathy: Yes, I got the idea from a magazine.

John: They're delicious! You've got nothing to worry about. You are a natural. Cathy: You really think so?

John: If you hadn’t told me that. I would have guessed they were baked by the restaurant. (4) You know, with your event planning experience you could very well open your own shop. Cathy: (laughing) One step at a time. First, I'll see how baking the wedding cake goes. If it's not a disaster, maybe I'll give it some more thought. 1. What did Cathy and Brenda finished doing last week? C) A project with a troublesome client. 2. What is John going to do for Brenda? A) Take wedding photos.

3. How did Kathy feel when asked to bake the cake? B) Nervous.

4. What does the man suggest the woman do? A) Start her own bakery. 解析：

本篇长对话的两人在婚礼上刚认识，主要谈论的是各自在忙的工作，以及他们为本次婚礼所做的贡献。4道问题的答案在对话全文均匀分布在男女两人说的话中，利用答案提示词but可以定位到第3题的答案，其他3题需要借助关键词来进行定位和选择。 Conversation 2

M: You are heading for a completely different world, now that you are about to graduate from high school.

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W: I know it’s the end of high school, but many of classmates are going on to the same university, and we are still required to study hard. So what’s the difference?

M: (5) Many aspects are different here at the university. The most important one is that you have to take more individual responsibility for your actions. It’s up to your own self-discipline—how much efforts you put into study. Living in college dormitories, there are no parents to tell you that study harder or stop wasting time. Lectures have hundreds of students and they are not going to follow you up or question you if you miss the lectures. W: Nobody cares you mean?

M: It’s not that nobody concerned about you, (6) it’s just that suddenly at the university you are expected to behave like an adult. That means concentrating on the direction of your life in general and your own academic performance specifically. W: For example…?

M: Well, like you need to manage daily, weekly and monthly schedules, so that you study regularly. Be sure to attend all classes and leave enough time to finish your assignments and prepare well for examinations. W: Ok, and what else is different?

M: Well, in college there are lots of distractions, and you need to control yourself. You will make interesting friends, (7) but you need only keep the friends who respect your students’ commitments. Also, there are a lot of wonderful clubs, but you shouldn’t allocate too much time to club activities, unless (8) they are directly related to your study. It’s also your choice if you want to go out at night, but you will be foolish to let that affect class performance during the day.

W: Well, I’m determined to do well at the university and I guess I’m going to have to grow up fast.

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5. What does the man say about college students as compared with high schoolers? C) They have to be more responsible for what they do.

6. What are college students expected to do according to the man? D) Behave like adults.

7. What kind of friends does the man suggest the woman make as a college student? B) Those who respect her student commitments.

8. What kind of club activities should college students engaging according to the man? D) Those conductive to their academic studies. 解析：

本篇长对话主要是男士给女士建议，告诉她大学和高中有什么区别，并在与人交往以及社团活动方面给出相关建议。做长对话的题目需要利用好问答原则，本篇长对话基本是女士提问，男士回答，所以主要去关注男士说的话。利用表强调的短语，the most important，可以定位到第5题的答案;利用答案提示词but可以解出第7题;利用答案提示词also和but可以定位到第8题的答案。 Section B Passage 1

(9) Most successful people are unorthodox persons whose minds wonder outside traditional ways of thinking. Instead of trying to refine old formulas, they invent new ones. When Jean-Claude Killy made the French national ski team in the early 1960s, he was prepared to work harder than anyone else to be the best. At the crack of dawn, he would run up the slopes with his skis on, an unbelievably backbreaking activity. In the evening, he would do weightlifting and running. But the other team members were working as hard and long as he was. He realized instinctively that simply training harder would never be enough. Killy then began challenging the basic theories of racing technique.

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Each week, he would try something different to see if he could find a better, faster way down the mountain. (10) His experiments resulted in a new style that was almost exactly opposite the exact technique of the time. It involved skiing with his legs apart for better balance and sitting back on the skis when he came to a turn. He also used ski poles in an unorthodox way--to propel himself as he skied. The explosive new style helped cut Killy's racing time dramatically. (11) In 1966 and 1967, he captured virtually every major skiing trophy. The next year, he won three gold medals in the Winter Olympics, a record in ski racing that has never been topped. Killy learned an important secret shared by many creative people: innovations don't require genius, just a willingness to question the way things have always been done.

9. What does the speaker say about most successful people? A) They break away from traditional ways of thinking. 10. What does the speaker say about Killy's experiments? B) They resulted in a brand-new style of skiing technique. 11. What is said to be Killy's biggest honor in his skiing career? C) He won three gold medals in one Winter Olympics. 解析：

本篇短文主要讲的是，法国著名滑雪运动员Jean-Claude Killy发挥创新精神，创造了新的滑雪技巧，取得多场滑雪赛事的金牌，获得了成功。出题点都是本文的关键内容。做首题第9题需要关注好开头;做第10题需要关注研究结果(短文常考点)，并利用答案提示词also来帮助定位。 Passage 2

Scientific experiments have demonstrated incredible ways to kill a guinea pig, a small furry animal. Emotional upsets generate powerful and deadly toxic substances. (12) Blood

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samples taken from persons experiencing intense fear or anger when injected into guinea pigs have killed them in less than two minutes. Imagine what these poisonous substances can do to your own body.

(13) Every thought that you have affects your body chemistry within a split second. Remember how you feel when you are speeding down the highway and a big truck suddenly brakes twenty meters in front of you. A shock wave shoots through your whole system. Your mind produces instant reactions in your body.

The toxic substances that fear, anger, frustration and stress produce not only kill guinea pigs but kill us off in a similar manner. (14) It is impossible to be fearful, anxious, irritated and healthy at the same time. It is not just difficult, it is impossible. Simply put, your body’s health is a reflection of your mental health. Sickness will often then be a result of unresolved inner conflicts which in time show up in the body.

(15) It is also fascinating how our subconscious mind shapes our health. Do you recall falling sick on a day when you didn’t want to go to school? Headaches brought on by fear? (15) The mind-body connection is such that if, for example, we want to avoid something, very often our subconscious mind will arrange it. Once we recognize that these things happen to us, we are half way to doing something about them.

12. What happens to guinea pigs when blood samples of angry people are injected into them?

D) They die almost instantly.

13. What does the speaker say about every thought you have? A) It has an instant effect on your body chemistry. 14. What does the speaker say is impossible? D) To enjoy good health while in dark moods.

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15. What does the passage say about our mind and body? A) They are closely connected. 解析：

本篇短文主要讲的是对豚鼠做实验，研究结果表明，无论情绪还是潜意识，都对身体健康有很大的影响。尤其是消极情绪，对身体健康会产生极强的破坏作用。做首题12题需要关注开头;做短文题，利用好答案提示词also和for example可以定位到第15题的答案。 Section C Recording 1

(16) Teachers and students alike have experienced the curious paradox that beginners, as a rule, tend to think too little about what they are doing because they think too much about what they are doing. Take for example people who are learning to play basketball or the piano. They have to give so much thought and attention to the low-level mechanics of handling the ball or fingering the keys or reading the music, that they are unable to give any thought to the thing that matters – the game, or the music, respectively. With experts, it’s just the other way around. They are open to the tactical possibilities and the musical challenges precisely because they are freed, through skill, from the need to pay attention to the low-level details of how to play. Indeed, when the expert pays attention to the mechanics, this is liable to disrupt performance.

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control the ball while running. It’s not mechanics, but the play itself, that absorbs the experts’ intelligence. A nice video published online last month sheds light on (18) expertise and the conscious mind. The video reports a new study using an eye-tracking device. It turns out that the less-skilled pianist spends more time looking at her fingers than does the expert who, in contrast, is more likely to be looking at the sheet music, or looking ahead at keys he’s not yet playing. In general, the expert’s gaze was calmer and more stable. This is not a surprising finding. It supports what we might almost think of as conventional wisdom. But it’s remarkable for all that, nonetheless. The eye tracker gives expert and learning performers a glimpse into what they do without thinking about it. The topic of the nature of skill – and the differences between beginners and experts – has been one of considerable discussion in cognitive science and philosophy. 16. What does the speaker say about beginners and expert pianists? B) They focus their attention on different things.

17. What do smart basketball players do according to the speaker? D) They attach great importance to high performance.

18. What do we learn about the new study published in an online video? C) It supports a piece of conventional wisdom. 解析：

本篇讲座主要讲的是高手和新手之间的区别，新手更专注具体的、细节的基础操作方法，而高手致力于优化宏观的表现。做首题需要关注开头;做第17题，需要利用好答案提示词but进行定位;做第18题，需要关注研究的结果，通过it turns out that引出(短文和讲座，研究的目的和结果都是常考点，需要尤其关注)。 Recording 2

Every summer when I top up my selection of summer outfits from the department stores,

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my eyes would nearly pop out of my head.(19)I’m overwhelmed with the wide range of different slimming products each year. And more shockingly, these products are often advocated by very slim models. Having lived in Asia for almost ten years now, I’ve seen various dieting tips come and go. I remember in Japan people heading directly to the food section in the supermarket when the banana diet was at its peak. Then, there was the black tea and oolong tea diet followed by the soybean diet and the tomato juice diet. The list goes on and on.

Apart from what people eat, I’ve also seen many interesting slimming products. In Hongkong, I’ve seen girls wrapping their whole body or both legs up with a special type of slimming tape which is supposed to help make them thinner.(20)But it just reminded me of the roasted ham my mother usually puts on the dinner table of Christmas. Then there were the face slimming rollers that were said to improve your blood circulation and make your face smaller. Personally,(20)I do not believe in any of these slimming gadgets. And I think I have a very different perspective when it comes to the definition of what is beautiful. Asian women prefer to avoid the sun because being pale or white is considered beautiful, whereas a tanned complexion is considered much more beautiful and sexy in the west.(21)It is most certainly shaped by a person’s culture as well as how they were raised in their childhood. As each summer season approaches, there’s no escape from it.

But it’s not only women who are affected by this pressure to look good. Men aspire to be able to show off their six packs or their V-shape backs and there’s a growing market of slimming pills aimed at men too. I think no matter what diets we follow or what slimming products we obsess ourselves with, at the end of the day there’s no magic trick to shape up for the summer. Eat in a balance way and incorporate the right level of physical activity. For me, this still seems to be the best plan.

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Questions 19-21

19. What overwhelms the speaker when she buys her summer outfits each year? D) The great variety of slimming products.

20. What does the speaker think of girls wrapping their legs up with slimming tape? B) They appear strange.

21. What does the speaker think affects people’s interpretation of beauty? A) Culture and upbringing. 解析：

本篇讲座讲话主要讲的亚洲人追求身材苗条，并且也崇尚皮肤白皙，这和欧美完全相反，这种现象是由文化差异导致的。做第19题，需要关注开头;做第21题，需要关注现象的原因(原因和目的都是常考点，需注意)。 Section C Recording 3

Skin may seem like a superficial human attribute, but it is the first thing we notice about anyone we meet. As a zoologist focusing on the studies of apes and monkeys,(22) I’ve been studying why humans evolved to become the naked ape, and why skin comes in so many different shades around the world.

We can make a very good estimate from the fossil record that humans probably evolved naked skin around a million and a half years ago. And meanwhile, they mostly lost their coat of fur. Today, we have a few patches of hair remaining on various parts of our bodies. But compared with apes and monkeys, we have very little. Basically, we turned our skin darker to serve as a natural sun-protector in the place of the hair we lost. (23) We think we lost this hair because of the need to keep ourselves cool, when we were moving around vigorously in a hot environment. We can’t really lose heat by breathing quickly and loudly like dogs.

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We have to do it by sweating. So we evolved the ability to sweat plentifully, and lost most of our fur.

Most animals protect themselves from the sun with fur. (24) What we did in our ancestry was to produce more permanent natural coloring in our skin cells. This was really an important revolution in human history, because it allowed us to continue to evolve in equatorial environments. It really made it possible for us to continue along the path toward modern humans in Africa.

For most of the human history, we all had dark skin. What we see today is the product of evolutionary events, resulting from the dispersal of a few human populations out of Africa around 60,000 to 70,000 years ago. Our species originated around 200,000 years ago, and underwent tremendous diversification, culturally, technologically, linguistically, artistically, for 130,000 years. After that, a few small populations left Africa to populate the rest of the world. These early ancestors of modern Eurasians disperse into parts of the world that had more seasonal sunshine and much lower levels of sun radiation. (25) It’s in these populations that we begin to see real changes in the genetic makeup of natural coloring. Today, skin color is evolving via new mixtures of people coming together and having children with new mixtures of skin color genes. We can see this in almost every large city worldwide. Not only the coloring genes, but lots of other genes are getting mixed up, too. Questions 22 – 25:

22. What does the speaker mainly talk about? A) The relation between hair and skin.

23. What had probably caused humans to lose most of their hair one and a half million years ago?

B) Adaptation to the hot environment.

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24. What does the speaker say protected early humans from the sun? C) The skin coloring.

25. What happened after humans migrated from Africa to other parts of the world? A) The genetic makeup began to change. Part Ⅲ Reading Section A

The dream of personalised flight is still vivid in the minds of many inventors, some developing cycle-powered craft, others _____(27)money into jetpacks(喷气飞行背包). However, the flying car has always remained the _____(28)symbol of personal transport freedom.

Several companies around the world have produced _____(29)that can drive on roads and fly. Airbus has a futuristic modular(组件式的)concept involving a passenger capsule that can be

_____(30)from the road-going chassis(底盘)and picked up by a helicopter-type machine. But all these concepts are massively expensive, require safety certification standards for road and air, need _____(31)controls, involve complex folding wings and propellers, and have to be flown from air-strips. So they are likely to remain rich people's playthings rather than practical transport solutions for the masses.

\"A car that takes off from some London street and lands in another _____(32)street is unlikely to happen,\" says Prof. Gray, a leading aeronautical engineer. \"Sky taxis are much more likely.\" But that won't stop inventors from dreaming up new ways to fly and trying to persuade investors to back their sometimes _____(33)schemes.

Civilian aviation is being disrupted, not by the age-old desires for speed, romanticism and _____(34), but by the pressing need to respond to a changing climate. New electric engines coupled with artificial intelligence and _____(35)systems will contribute to a more efficient,

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integrated transport system that is less polluting and less noisy. That may sound simple, but as Prof. Gray says, \"When I travel somewhere I like this notion that when I finish my journey I feel better than when I started it. That's completely at _____(36)with how I feel today.\" Now that would be progress. 27、【题干】_____. 【选项】 A.autonomous B.detached C.dual D.glamour E.imminent F.odds G.opposites H.outrageous I.pouring J.prototypes K.random L.repressing M.segmented N.spectrum O.ultimate 【答案】I

28、、【题干】_____. 【选项】

A.autonomous B.detached C.dual D.glamour E.imminent F.odds G.opposites H.outrageous I.pouring J.prototypes K.random L.repressing M.segmented N.spectrum O.ultimate 【答案】O

29、、【题干】_____.【选项】 A.autonomous B.detached

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C.dual D.glamour E.imminent F.odds G.opposites H.outrageous I.pouring J.prototypes K.random L.repressing M.segmented N.spectrum O.ultimate 【答案】J

30、、【题干】_____. 【选项】 A.autonomous B.detached C.dual D.glamour

E.imminent F.odds G.opposites H.outrageous I.pouring J.prototypes K.random L.repressing M.segmented N.spectrum O.ultimate 【答案】M

31、、【题干】_____.【选项】 A.autonomous B.detached C.dual D.glamour E.imminent F.odds G.opposites H.outrageous I.pouring J.prototypes

K.random L.repressing M.segmented N.spectrum O.ultimate 【答案】C

32、、【题干】_____.【选项】 A.autonomous B.detached C.dual D.glamour E.imminent F.odds G.opposites H.outrageous I.pouring J.prototypes K.random L.repressing M.segmented N.spectrum O.ultimate 【答案】K

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33、、【题干】_____. 【选项】 A.autonomous B.detached C.dual D.glamour E.imminent F.odds G.opposites H.outrageous I.pouring J.prototypes K.random L.repressing M.segmented N.spectrum O.ultimate 【答案】H

34、【题干】_____. 【选项】 A.autonomous B.detached C.dual D.glamour

E.imminent F.odds G.opposites H.outrageous I.pouring J.prototypes K.random L.repressing M.segmented N.spectrum O.ultimate 【答案】D

35、、【题干】_____. 【选项】 A.autonomous B.detached

C.dual D.glamour E.imminent F.odds G.opposites H.outrageous I.pouring J.prototypes K.random L.repressing M.segmented N.spectrum O.ultimate 【答案】A

36、【题干】_____. 【选项】

A.autonomous B.detached C.dual D.glamour E.imminent F.odds G.opposites H.outrageous I.pouring J.prototypes K.random L.repressing M.segmented N.spectrum O.ultimate 【答案】F

Part Ⅲ Reading Section B

Companies Are Working with Consumers to Reduce Waste

[A] As consumers, we are very wasteful. Annually, the world generates 1.3 billion tons of solid waste. This is expected to go up to 2.2 billion by 2025. The developed countries are responsible for 44% of waste, and in the U.S. alone, the average person throws away their body weight in rubbish every month.

[B] Conventional wisdom would seem to suggest that companies have no incentive to lengthen the life cycle of their products and reduce the revenue they would get from selling

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new goods. Yet, more and more businesses are thinking about how to reduce consumer waste. This is partly driven by the rising price of raw materials and metals. It is also partly due to both consumers and companies becoming more aware of the need to protect our environment.

[C] When choosing what products to buy and which brands to buy from, more and more consumers are looking into sustainability. This is opposed to just price and performance they were concerned about in the past. In a survey of 54 of the world's leading brands, almost all of them reported that consumers are showing increasing care about sustainable lifestyles. At the same time, surveys on consumers in the U.S. and the U.K. show that they also care about minimizing energy use and reducing waste.

[D] For the most part, consumers control what happens to a product. But some companies are realizing that placing the burden of recycling entirely on the consumer is not an effective strategy, especially when tossing something away seems like the easiest and most convenient option.

[E] Some retailers and manufacturers in the clothing, footwear, and electronics industries have launched environmental programs. They want to make their customers interested in preserving their products and preventing things that still have value from going to the garbage dump. By offering services to help expand the longevity of their products, they're promising quality and durability to consumers, and receiving the reputational gains for being environmentally friendly.

[F] For example, the Swedish jeans company Nudie Jeans offers free repair at twenty of their shops. Instead of discarding their old worn-out jeans, customers bring them in to be renewed. The company even provides mail-order repair kits and online videos, so that customers can learn how to fix a pair of jeans at home. Their philosophy is that extending

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the life of a pair of jeans is not only great for the environment, but allows the consumer to get more value out of their product. When customers do want to toss their pair, they can give them back to the store, which will repurpose and resell them. Another clothing company, Patagonia, a high-end outdoor clothing store, follows the same principle. It has partnered with DIY website iFixit to teach consumers how to repair their clothing, such as waterproof outerwear, at home. The company also offers a repair program for their customers for a modest fee. Currently, Patagonia repairs about 40,000 garments a year in their Reno, Nevada, service center. According to the company's CEO, Rose Marcario, this is about building a company that cares about the environment. At the same time, offering repair supports the perceived quality of its products.

[G] In Brazil, the multinational corporation Adidas has been running a shoe-recycling program called \"Sustainable Footprint\" since 2012. Customers can bring shoes of any brand into an Adidas store to be shredded and turned into alternative fuels for energy creation instead of being burned as trash. They are used to fuel cement ovens. To motivate visitors to bring in more old shoes, Adidas Brazil promotes the program in stores by showing videos to educate customers, and it even offers a discount each time a customer brings in an old pair of shoes. This boosts the reputation and image of Adidas by making people more aware of the company's values.

[H] Enormous opportunities also lie with e-waste. It is estimated that in 2014 the world produced some 42 million metric tons of e-waste (discarded electrical and electronic equipment and its parts) with North America and Europe accounting for 8 and 12 million metric tons respectively. The materials from e-waste include iron, copper, gold, silver, and aluminum materials that could be reused, resold, salvaged, or recycled. Together, the value of these metals is estimated to be about $52 billion. Electronics giants like Best Buy and

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Samsung have provided e-waste take-back programs over the past few years, which aim to refurbish(翻新)old electronic components and parts into new products.

[I] For other companies interested in reducing waste, helping the environment, and providing the sustainable lifestyles that consumers seek, here are some first steps for building a relationship with customers that focuses on recycling and restoring value to products:

[J] Find partners. If you are a manufacturer who relies on outside distributors, then retailers are the ideal partner for collecting old products. Power tool maker DeWalt partners with companies, such as Lowes and Napa Auto Parts, to collect old tools at their stores for recycling. The partnership benefits both sides by allowing unconventional partners (for example, two companies from two different industries) to work together on a specific aspect of the value chain, like, in this example, an engine firm with an accessory one. [K] Create incentives. Environmental conscientiousness isn't always enough to make customers recycle old goods. For instance, DeWalt discovered that many contractors were holding on to their old tools, even if they no longer worked, because they were expensive purchases and it was hard to justify bringing them in to recycle. By offering instant discounts worth as much as $100, DeWalt launched a trade-in program to encourage people to bring back tools. As a result, DeWalt now reuses those materials to create new products. [L] Start with a trial program, and expect to change the details as you go. Any take-back program will likely change over time, depending on what works for your customers and company goals. Maybe you see low customer participation at first, or conversely, so much success that the cost of recycling becomes too high. Best Buy, for instance, has been bearing the lion's share of e-waste volume since two of its largest competitors, Amazon and Wal-mart, do not have their own recycling programs. Since the launch of its program, Best

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Buy changed its policy to add a $25 fee for recycling old televisions in order to keep the program going.

[M] Build a culture of collective values with customers. A stronger relationship between the retailer/producer and the consumer isn't just about financial incentives. By creating more awareness around your efforts to reduce waste, and by developing a culture of responsibility, repair, and reuse, you can build customer loyalty based on shared values and responsibilities.

[N] These examples are just the tip of the iceberg, but they demonstrate how helping customers get more use of their materials can transform value chains and operations. Reducing waste by incorporating used materials into production can cut costs and decrease the price of procurement(采购): less to be procured from the outside and more to be re-utilized from the inside.

[O] Companies play a big role in creating a circular economy, in which value is generating less from extracting new resources and more from getting better use out of the resources we already have-but they must also get customers engaged in the process. 37.【题干】Some companies believe

that

products'

D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L

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M.M N.N O.O 【答案】F

38.【题干】A survey shows shoppers today are getting more

concerned

about

prolonged lifespan benefits both the environment and customers. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C

energy conservation and environmental

protection

when deciding what to buy. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】C

39.【题干】Companies can build customer loyalty by creating a positive culture of environmental

awareness. 【选项】

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】M

40.【题干】When companies launch

environmental

programs, they will have their

brand

reputation

enhanced. 【选项】 A.A B.B

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C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】G

41.【题干】One multinational company

offers

discounts

customers who bring in old foot wear to be used as fuel. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C

D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】G

42.【题干】Recycling used products

can

help manufacturers reduce

production costs. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F

G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】N

43.【题干】Electronic products contain valuable metals

that

could

recovered. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I

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J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】H

44.【题干】It seems commonly believed that companies

are

not

motivated to prolong their products' lifespan. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K

L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】B

45.【题干】It is advisable for companies to partner with each other in product recycling. 【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F

G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】J

46.【题干】Some businesses have begun to realize it may not be effective to let consumers

take

full

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】D

responsibility for recycling. 【选项】

Part Ⅲ Reading Section C Passage One

Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage

Effective Friday, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists(SAG-AFTRA.has declared a strike against 11 video game publishers over games that went into production after Feb. 17, 2015. The companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry, like Electronic Arts Productions, Insomniac Games, Activision and Disney. The strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing

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labor contract known as the Interactive Media Agreement expired in late 2014. overall, the strike is an effort to provide more secondary compensation along with other concerns, such as transparency upon hiring talent and on-set(制作中)safety precautions.

The video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years. The Los Angeles Times reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash flow. In 2015, gaming produced $23.5 billion in domestic revenue.

But SAG-AFTRA says voice actors don't receive residuals(追加酬金)for their gaming work. Instead, they receive a fixed rate, which is typically about $825 for a standard four-hour vocal session. So the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation—a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million.

\"It's a very small number of games that would trigger this secondary compensation issue,\" said voice actor Crispin Freeman, who's a member of the union's negotiating committee. \"This is an important aspect of what it means to be a freelance(从事自由职业的)performer, who isn't regularly employed every single day working on projects.\"

Another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry. \"I can't imagine if there's any other acting job in the world where you don't know what show you're in, when you're hired,\"says voice actor Keythe Farley, who chairs the SAG-AFTRA negotiating committee.

\"And yet that happens every day in the video game world,\" Farley told reporters during a press conference Friday. \"I was a main character in Fallout 4, a character by the name of Kellogg, and I never knew that I was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year and a half.\"

Scott Witlin, the lawyer representing the video game companies, says voice actors

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\"represent less than one tenth of 1 percent of the work that goes into making a video game.\" So \"even though they're the top craftsmen in their field,\"Witlin says, \"if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the 99.9 percent of the work, that's going to create far more problems for the video game companies.\"

47.【题干】Why did SAG-AFTRA declare a strike against some video game publishers? 【选项】

A.The labor contract between them had been violated. B.Its appeal to renegotiate the contract had been rejected. C.It had been cheated repeatedly in the 19 months of talks. D.The negotiations between them had broken down. 【答案】D

48.【题干】What do we learn from the passage about the video gaming industry? 【选项】

A.It has reaped huge profits in recent years. B.It has become more open and transparent. C.It has attracted many famous voice actors. D.It has invested a lot in its domestic market. 【答案】A

49.【题干】What are the voice actors demanding? 【选项】

A.More regular employment. B.A non-discriminatory contract. C.Extra pay based on sales revenues. D.A limit on the maximum work hours.

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【答案】C

50.【题干】What does Keythe Farley say about voice actors? 【选项】

A.They are kept in the dark about many details of their job. B.They are discriminated against in the gaming industry. C.They are not paid on a regular basis. D.They are not employed full-time. 【答案】A

51.【题干】What is the argument of lawyer Scott Witlin? 【选项】

A.Voice actors should have a pay raise if they prove to be top craftsmen. B.Changing the pay system would cause the industry more problems. C.Voice actors are mere craftsmen, not professional performers. D.Paying voice actors on an hourly basis is in line with the law. 【答案】B Passage Two

Question 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.

Officials at the White House announced a new space policy focused on managing the increasing number of satellites that companies and governments are launching into space. Space Policy Directive-3 lays out general guidelines for the United States to mitigate(缓解)the effects of space debris and track and manage traffic in space.

This policy sets the stage for the Department of Commerce to take over the management of traffic in space. The department will make sure that newly launched satellites don't use radio frequencies that would interfere with existing satellites, and schedule when such new

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satellites can be launched. This only applies to American space activities, but the hope is that it will help standardize a set of norms in the dawning commercial spaceflight industry throughout the world.

Space, especially the space directly around our planet, is getting more crowded as more governments and companies launch satellites. One impetus for the policy is that companies are already starting to build massive constellations(星座), comprising hundreds or thousands of satellites with many moving parts among them. With so much stuff in space, and a limited area around our planet, the government wants to reduce the chances of a collision. Two or more satellites slamming into each other could create many more out-of-control bits that would pose even more hazards to the growing collection of satellites in space.

And it's not like this hasn't happened before. In 2009 an old Russian craft slammed into a communications satellite, creating a cloud of hundreds of pieces of debris and putting other hardware at risk. Journalist Sarah Scoles reports that NASA currently tracks about 24,000 objects in space, and in 2016 the Air Force had to issue 3,995,874 warnings to satellite owners alerting them to a potential nearby threat from another satellite or bit of debris. That's why this new policy also includes directions to update the current U.S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices, which already require any entity that launches a satellite or spacecraft to vigorously analyze the likelihood that any of their actions, from an unexpected failure or normal operations, will create more space debris. It includes accounting for any piece of debris they plan to release over 5mm that might stay in orbit for 25 years or more. It might seem surprising to think about an item staying in space for that long, but the oldest satellite still in orbit-Vanguard 1-turned 60 in 2018.

Agencies and companies throughout the world are working on developing technology that

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would dispose of or capture space debris before it causes serious damage. But for now, the U.S. government is more focused on preventing new debris from forming than taking the trash out of orbit.

52.【题干】What is the purpose of the new U.S. space policy? 【选项】

A.To lay out general guidelines for space exploration. B.To encourage companies to join in space programs. C.To make the best use of satellites in space. D.To improve traffic conditions in space. 【答案】D

53.【题干】What is the Department of Commerce expected to do under the new policy? 【选项】

A.Reduce debris in space. B.Monitor satellite operations.

C.Regulate the launching of new satellites. D.Update satellite communications technology. 【答案】C

54.【题干】What does the U.S. government hope to do with the new space policy? 【选项】

A.Set international standards for the space flight industry. B.Monopolize space industry by developing a set of norms. C.Facilitate commercial space flights throughout the world. D.Promote international collaboration in space exploration. 【答案】A

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55.【题干】What is a space vehicle launching entity required to do according to the current U.S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices? 【选项】

A.Give an estimate of how long its debris will stay in space. B.Account for the debris it has released into space at any time. C.Provide a detailed plan for managing the space debris it creates. D.Make a thorough analysis of any possible addition to space debris. 【答案】D

56.【题干】What are space agencies and companies aiming to do at present? 【选项】

A.Recycle used space vehicles before they turn into debris. B.Develop technology to address the space debris problem. C.Limit the amount of debris entering space. D.Cooperate closely to retrieve space debris. 【答案】B

Part IV Translation

57、【题干】中国幅员辽阔，人口众多，很多地方人们都说自己的方言。方言在发音上差别最大，词汇和语法差别较小。有些方言，特别是北方和南方的方言，差异很大，以至于说不同方言的人常常很难听懂彼此的讲话。方言被认为是当地文化的一个组成部分，但近年来能说方言的人数不断减少。为了鼓励人们更多说本地方言，一些地方已经采取措施，如在学校开设方言课，在广播和电视上播放方言节目，以期保存本地的文化遗产。

【答案】China is a vast country with a large population, and in many places people speak their own dialects. Dialects differ most in pronunciation, but less in vocabulary and grammar.

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Some dialects, especially those from the north and south, are so different that speakers of different dialects often have trouble understanding each other. Dialects are considered an integral part of local culture, but the number of people who can speak them has been decreasing in recent years. In order to encourage people to speak more local dialects, some local governments have adopted approaches, such as opening dialect classes in schools and broadcasting dialect programs on radio and television in order to preserve local cultural heritage.

2019年6月大学英语六级真题及答案解析完整版（卷三） Part I Writing

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of team spirit and communication in the workplace. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

One of the problems both people and corporation face today is self-isolation and information loss, and many feel there is a great need for team spirit and communication. I believe that working together and communicating with each other offer the best solution to the world’s pressing matters.

Firstly, team spirit and communication help to deal with information loss. A group share information by working together and communication. Among all the touching facts relating to this topic, the most impressive one is Bill Gates and Allen. Without teamwork and communication, how could it be possible for Microsoft corporation to achieve success? Second, team spirit and communication are beneficial to staff who do not have opportunity to speak all day long staring at the PC. Working with others gives them a chance to speak and prevent their speaking skills from deteriorate. More importantly, team spirit and

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communication help to create an amicable working atmosphere. By consulting problems with others, the moderate and friendly atmosphere is thus created.

Overall, team spirit and communication is beneficial in that they eliminate barriers to information loss, and improve the relationship between colleagues as well as the working atmosphere. Team spirit and communication are therefore an essential measure, the effects of which will be felt far and wide. 【解析】

本篇作文属于话题类作文，要求我们就团队精神及沟通在工作中的重要性写一篇作文。像这类话题类作文，我们可以在第一段引出这个话题，并表明自己的态度。然后在第二段具体论证团队精神和沟通在工作中的重要性，我们可以分一下领域，比如工作相关的问题本身，员工个人能力，工作氛围等，来论证团队合作和沟通对工作的重要性，最后在第三段进行总结，并把第二段中论证的三个优点整理并简要提及即可。 PartⅡ Listening Comprehension Section A Conversation 1

Cathy: Hi, my name's Cathy, nice to meet you.

John: Nice to meet you too Kathy, my name's John. I'm a university friend of the bride. What about you? Who do you know at this party?

John: Oh, yes. So you are Cathy from the office. Actually I've heard a lot about you in that project, the client sounded like a real nightmare.

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Cathy: That sounds wonderful and very thoughtful of you. I bake, just as a hobby. (3) But Brenda has asked me to do the cake for the wedding. I was a bit nervous saying yes because I'm far from a professional.

John: Did you bake the cookies here at the party tonight? Cathy: Yes, I got the idea from a magazine.

John: They're delicious! You've got nothing to worry about. You are a natural. Cathy: You really think so?

3. How did Kathy feel when asked to bake the cake? B) Nervous.

4. What does the man suggest the woman do? A) Start her own bakery.

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解析：

M: You are heading for a completely different world, now that you are about to graduate from high school.

W: I know it’s the end of high school, but many of classmates are going on to the same university, and we are still required to study hard. So what’s the difference?

M: Well, in college there are lots of distractions, and you need to control yourself. You will

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make interesting friends, (7) but you need only keep the friends who respect your students’ commitments. Also, there are a lot of wonderful clubs, but you shouldn’t allocate too much time to club activities, unless (8) they are directly related to your study. It’s also your choice if you want to go out at night, but you will be foolish to let that affect class performance during the day.

W: Well, I’m determined to do well at the university and I guess I’m going to have to grow up fast.

5. What does the man say about college students as compared with high schoolers? C) They have to be more responsible for what they do.

6. What are college students expected to do according to the man? D) Behave like adults.

7. What kind of friends does the man suggest the woman make as a college student? B) Those who respect her student commitments.

8. What kind of club activities should college students engaging according to the man? D) Those conductive to their academic studies. 解析：

【摘要】2019年6月大学英语六级考试已经结束，环球网校大学英语四六级频道整理了《2019年6月大学英语六级真题及答案解析完整版（卷三）》，供同学们参考。 Section B

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Passage 1

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C) He won three gold medals in one Winter Olympics. 解析：

Scientific experiments have demonstrated incredible ways to kill a guinea pig, a small furry animal. Emotional upsets generate powerful and deadly toxic substances. (12) Blood samples taken from persons experiencing intense fear or anger when injected into guinea pigs have killed them in less than two minutes. Imagine what these poisonous substances can do to your own body.

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often our subconscious mind will arrange it. Once we recognize that these things happen to us, we are half way to doing something about them.

12. What happens to guinea pigs when blood samples of angry people are injected into them?

D) They die almost instantly.

15. What does the passage say about our mind and body? A) They are closely connected. 解析：

本篇短文主要讲的是对豚鼠做实验，研究结果表明，无论情绪还是潜意识，都对身体健康有很大的影响。尤其是消极情绪，对身体健康会产生极强的破坏作用。做首题12题需要关注开头;做短文题，利用好答案提示词also和for example可以定位到第15题的答案。

【摘要】2019年6月大学英语六级考试已经结束，环球网校大学英语四六级频道整理了《2019年6月大学英语六级真题及答案解析完整版（卷三）》，供同学们参考。 Section C Recording 1

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handling the ball or fingering the keys or reading the music, that they are unable to give any thought to the thing that matters – the game, or the music, respectively. With experts, it’s just the other way around. They are open to the tactical possibilities and the musical challenges precisely because they are freed, through skill, from the need to pay attention to the low-level details of how to play. Indeed, when the expert pays attention to the mechanics, this is liable to disrupt performance.

This has led some to say that the expert operates in a zone ‘beyond thought’, in a state of flow. But this is misleading. Expert performance is not beyond thought. (17)Smart basketball players or skilled musicians need to pay close attention to the demands of high performance, to the challenges to be overcome. What they don’t need to do – what would be a distraction – is to have to think about where their fingers are, or how to control the ball while running. It’s not mechanics, but the play itself, that absorbs the experts’ intelligence. A nice video published online last month sheds light on (18) expertise and the conscious mind. The video reports a new study using an eye-tracking device. It turns out that the less-skilled pianist spends more time looking at her fingers than does the expert who, in contrast, is more likely to be looking at the sheet music, or looking ahead at keys he’s not yet playing. In general, the expert’s gaze was calmer and more stable. This is not a surprising finding. It supports what we might almost think of as conventional wisdom. But it’s remarkable for all that, nonetheless. The eye tracker gives expert and learning performers a glimpse into what they do without thinking about it. The topic of the nature of skill – and the differences between beginners and experts – has been one of considerable discussion in cognitive science and philosophy. 16. What does the speaker say about beginners and expert pianists? B) They focus their attention on different things.

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17. What do smart basketball players do according to the speaker? D) They attach great importance to high performance.

18. What do we learn about the new study published in an online video? C) It supports a piece of conventional wisdom. 解析：

Every summer when I top up my selection of summer outfits from the department stores, my eyes would nearly pop out of my head.(19)I’m overwhelmed with the wide range of different slimming products each year. And more shockingly, these products are often advocated by very slim models. Having lived in Asia for almost ten years now, I’ve seen various dieting tips come and go. I remember in Japan people heading directly to the food section in the supermarket when the banana diet was at its peak. Then, there was the black tea and oolong tea diet followed by the soybean diet and the tomato juice diet. The list goes on and on.

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have a very different perspective when it comes to the definition of what is beautiful. Asian women prefer to avoid the sun because being pale or white is considered beautiful, whereas a tanned complexion is considered much more beautiful and sexy in the west.(21)It is most certainly shaped by a person’s culture as well as how they were raised in their childhood. As each summer season approaches, there’s no escape from it.

19. What overwhelms the speaker when she buys her summer outfits each year? D) The great variety of slimming products.

20. What does the speaker think of girls wrapping their legs up with slimming tape? B) They appear strange.

21. What does the speaker think affects people’s interpretation of beauty? A) Culture and upbringing. 解析：

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more seasonal sunshine and much lower levels of sun radiation. (25) It’s in these populations that we begin to see real changes in the genetic makeup of natural coloring. Today, skin color is evolving via new mixtures of people coming together and having children with new mixtures of skin color genes. We can see this in almost every large city worldwide. Not only the coloring genes, but lots of other genes are getting mixed up, too. Questions 22 – 25:

22. What does the speaker mainly talk about? A) The relation between hair and skin.

23. What had probably caused humans to lose most of their hair one and a half million years ago?

B) Adaptation to the hot environment.

24. What does the speaker say protected early humans from the sun? C) The skin coloring.

25. What happened after humans migrated from Africa to other parts of the world? A) The genetic makeup began to change. 选词填空参

26I others pouring money into jetpacks 27O has always remained the ultimate symbol of 28J have produced prototypes that can drive on roads 29M that can be segmented from theroad-going chassis 30 C need dual controls 31 K in another random street

32 H to back their sometimes outrageousschemes 33 D for speed ,romanticism and glamour

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34 A coupled with artificial intelligenceand autonomous systems 35F that’s completely at odds with how Ifeel today 长篇阅读参

仔细阅读参一个人重新工作后的感受

46D building close relationships with hiscolleagues was not as important as he had expected 47A inharmonious relationships have anadverse effect on productivity 48B they are virtually irrelevant

49C they are unwilling to make efforts tomaintain workplace relationships 50D they improve work efficiency AI的发展

51B many abilities will cease to be uniqueto human beings

52C Google has made huge progress in autonomousdriving in a short time 53D it is yet to be emulated by AI 54A cultivate original thinking

55D by providing value with our creativity

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Part IV Translation 汉语

汉语是世界上用作本族语人数最多的语言。汉语与西方语言的一个重要区别在于它是以方块字(character)而不是以字母构成的。目前仍在使用的书写系统中，汉语是最古老的。在中国，来自不同地区的人可能听不懂对方的方言，但由于汉字有统一的书写形式，他们交流起来几乎没有任何困难。汉语历史上对团结中华民族发挥了重要作用。今天，随着中国经济的快速增长和全球影响力的增强，越来越多其他国家的人也开始学习汉语。(186字/6句话) 参考译文

Chinese is the language with the largest number of native speakers in the world. One significant difference between Chinese and Western languages lies in the fact that they are composed by characters, instead of letters. And Chinese is also the most ancient language among all the existing writing language systems. In China, people from different regions may not understand each other’s dialect, but thanks to the unified writing system, there will almost be no trouble for them to communicate. Throughout the history, it has also played an important role in uniting the Chinese nation. Today, with China’s rapid economic growth and its increasing global influence, more and more people from other countries begin to learn Chinese.

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