lexical meaning n
(Linguistics) the meaning of a word in relation to the physical world or to abstract concepts, without reference to any sentence in which the word may occur
1) Language planning
Language planning, also named language policy, refers to any effort to modify language
form or use.
Language acquisition policy or language education policy, e.g., languages of ethnic
groups, learning of foreign languages
Cultural meaning—Cross-cultural understanding of language meaning
Multi-competence: knowledge of two or more languages in the same mind.
Multi-competence is a concept in second language acquisition formulated by Vivian Cook that refers to the knowledge of more than one language in one person'smind. From the multicompetence perspective, the different languages a person speaks are seen as one connected system, rather than each language being a separate system. People who speak a second language are seen as unique multilingual individuals, rather than people who have merely attached another language to their repertoire.
The concept has been backed up by studies showing how the different languages a person learns affect each other. The phenomenon of language transfer, or the first language affecting the second, has long been known. More recent research has also shown that the second language also affects the first in various subtle ways. There is also evidence that people who learn other languages gain general cognitive benefits.
[1]Under multi-competence, the second language speaker is seen as more than the sum of the languages he speaks. This is in contrast with the assumption
in much of second language research that the ideal model of a language is the monolingual native speaker. Setting the native speaker as the golden standard implies that second language speakers are somehow deficient in each language that they speak, whereas multi-competence sees them as having gained from learning a second language.
Lingua franca—a language which is widely used in some region for communication among different groups of people speaking a variety of language. It could be an internationally used language of communication (e.g. English ), or the native language of one of the groups, or a pidgin.
Cultural context: includes social norms of specific culture，knowledge of the objective world．shared knowledge and understanding between participants, etc. / cross-cultural understanding of language meaning.
Context (language use): the relevant constraints of the communicative situation that influence language use, language variation, and discourse summary/ environment or situation the speech event takes place
Bilingual education involves teaching academic content in two languages, in a native and secondary language with varying amounts of each language used in accordance with the program model.
