山东科技大学2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试基础英语试卷

基础英语试卷

PARTIGRAMMAR&VOCABULARY(20points)

Directions:Thereare20incompletesentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Chooseonewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence.1.Thenewly-builtScienceBuildingseems________enoughtolastahundredyears.

A)spaciousB)sophisticatedC)substantialD)ready

2.Onceyougettoknowyourmistakes,youshould______themassoonaspossible.

A)rectifyB)reclaimC)refrainD)reckon

3.Thecircushasalwaysbeenverypopularbecauseit______boththeoldandtheyoung.

A)immersesB)indulgesC)fascinatesD)facilitates

4.Thesemelodiousfolksongsaregenerally_____toSmith,averyimportantmusicianofthecentury.

A)devotedB)contributedC)composedD)ascribed

5.SomeofthewordsemployedbyShakespeareinhisworkshavebecome_______andarenolonger

usedinthepresentdays.A)obsoleteB)obsceneC)obviousD)oblique6.Nancy’sgonetoworkbuthercar’sstillthere.She______bybus.

A)shouldhavegoneB)musthavegoneC)oughttohavegoneD)couldhavegone

7.After______seemedanendlesswait,itwashisturntoenterthepersonnelmanager’soffice.

A)thatB)itC)whatD)there

8.Ihopealltheprecautionsagainstairpollution,_____suggestedbythelocalgovernment,willbe

seriouslyconsideredhere.A)whileB)sinceC)afterD)as9._______thatshouldbegivenpriorityto.

A)ItiswhathasthegovernmentdecidedB)ItiswhatthegovernmenthasdecidedC)ItisonlythegovernmenthasdecidedD)Itisthegovernmenthasdecided

10.Mobilityisoneofthecharacteristicsoften______executives,andtheymustaccustomthemselves

tomovingquiteregularly.

A)demandedofB)askedforC)expectedfromD)calledfor

11.Ifounditdifficultto______mycareerambitionswiththeneedtobringupmychildren.

A)consolidateB)intensifyC)amendD)reconcile

12.Whilecrossingthemountainarea,allthemencarriedgunslestthey_______bywildanimals.

A)shouldbeattackedB)hadbeenattackedC)mustbeattackedD)wouldbeattacked

13.Iamsurprised_______thiscityisadullplacetolivein.

A)thatyouwouldthinkB)thatyoushouldthinkC)bywhatyouarethinkingD)withwhatyouwerethinking

14.Livinginthewesternpartofthecountryhasitsproblems,______obtainingfreshwaterisnotthe

least.

A)withwhichB)forwhichC)ofwhichD)which

15.Althoughheknewlittleaboutthelargeamountofworkdoneinthefield,hesucceeded_____other

morewell-informedexperimentersfailed.A)whichB)thatC)whatD)where16.“MayIspeaktoyourmanagerMr.Williamsatfiveo’clocktonight?”

“I’msorry.Mr.Williams______toaconferencelongbeforethen.”A)willhavegoneB)hadgoneC)wouldhavegoneD)hasgone17.Itwasrecommendedthatpassengers_____smokeduringtheflight.

A)notB)neednotC)couldnotD)wouldnot

18.It’samazingthattworesearchersworkingindependentlymadethesamediscovery_____.

A)spontaneouslyB)simultaneouslyC)collaborativelyD)conscientiously19.Hecouldproducenoevidence_______hisargument.

A)inrespectofB)inviewofC)insupportofD)onaccountof20.Youmusteither_____totherulesorleavetheschoo1.

A)contemptB)contendC)conformD)confrontPARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION(40points)

Directions:Therearefourpassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwritetheanswerontheAnswerSheet.Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.

Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-cooperativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveall,liketheirfemale

humancounterpartstheytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.

SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.deWaal’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.

Intheworldofcapuchins,grapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.

Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.

21.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby_______

A)posingacontrastB)justifyinganassumptionC)makingacomparisonD)explainingaphenomenon

22.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,Paragraph1)impliesthat_______

A)monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals.B)resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys’nature.

C)monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother.D)noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions.

23.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare_______

A)moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget.B)attentivetoresearchers’instructions.

C)niceinbothappearanceandtemperament.D)moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions.

24.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys________

A)prefergrapestocucumbers.

B)canbetaughttoexchangethings.

C)willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated.D)areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers.25.Whencanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A)Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.B)Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.C)Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.D)Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

“Masterpiecesaredumb”wroteFlaubert.“Theyhaveatranquilaspectliketheveryproductsofnature,likelargeanimalsandmountains.”HemighthavebeenthinkingofWarandPeace,thatvast,silentwork,unfathomableandsimple,provokingendlessquestionsthroughthemajestyofitsbeing.Tolstoy’ssimplicityis“overpowering,”saysthecriticBayley,“disconcerting,”becauseitcomesfrom“hiscasualassumptionthattheworldisasheseesit”;likeother19thcenturyRussianwritersheis“impressive”becausehe“meanswhathesays.”ButhestandsapartfromallothersandfrommostWesternwritersinhisidentitywithlife,whichissocompleteastomakeusforgetheisanartist.Heisthecenterofhiswork,buthisegocentricityisofaspecialkind.“Goethe,forexample,”saysBayley,“caredfornothingbuthimself.”Tolstoywasnothingbuthimself.

Forallhisvariedmodesofwritingandthemultiplicityofcharactersinhisfiction,Tolstoyandhisworkareofapiece.Thefamous“conversion”ofhismiddleyears,movinglyrecountedinhisConfession,wasaculminationofhisearlyspirituallife,notadeparturefromit.Theapparentlyfundamentalchangesthatledfromepicnarrativetodogmaticparable,fromajoyous,buoyantattitudetowardlifetopessimismandcynicism,fromWarandPeacetoTheKreutzerSonata,camefromthesamerestless,impressionabledepthsofanindependentspirityearningtogetatthetruthofitsexperience.“Truthismyhero,”wroteTolstoyinhisyouth,reportingthefightinginSebastopol.Truthremainedhishero-hisown,notothers’truth.OtherswereawedbyNapoleon,believedthatasinglemancouldchangethedestiniesofnations,adheredtomeaninglessrituals,formedtheirtastesonestablishedcanonsofart.Tolstoyreversedallpreconceptions,andineveryreversalheoverthrewthe“system”,the“machine,”theexternallyordainedbelief,theconventionalbehaviorinfavorofunsystematic,impulsivelife,ofinwardmotivationandthesolutionsofindependentthought.

Inhisworktheartificialandgenuinearealwaysexhibitedindramaticopposition:thesupposedlygreatNapoleonandthetrulygreat,unregardedlittleCaptainTushin,orNicholasRostov’sactualexperienceinbattleandhislateraccountforit.Thesimpleisalwayspittedagainsttheelaborate.Knowledgegainedfromobservationagainstassertionsofborrowedfaiths.Tolstoy’smagicalsimplicityisaproduceofthesetensions;hisworkisarecordofthequestionsheputtohimselfandofhisfictionexemplifythissearch,andtheirhappinessdependsonthemeasureoftheiranswer.Tolstoywantedhappiness,butonlyhard-wonhappiness,thatemotionalfulfillmentandintellectualclaritywhichcouldcomeonlyasthepriceofall-consumingeffort.Hescornedlessersatisfaction.

26.WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizeFlaubert’sstatementinthefirstparagraph?A)Themostimportantaspectsofgoodartaretheorderlinessandtranquility.

B)Masterpiecesseemordinaryandunremarkablefromtheperspectiveofalaterage.C)Importantworksofarttaketheirplaceinthepageantofhistorywithuniqueness.D)Greatworksofartdonotexplainthemselvesanymorethannaturalobjectsdo.

27.TheauthorquotesfromBayleytoshowthatTolstoy________

A)writesnovelsthatarereportsofcopyingactualevents.B)maintainsnoself-consciousdistancefromhisexperience.C)oftenwriteshisworksinaquitesimpleway.

D)workscasuallytomakehisworkswithinexplicabletruth.28.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsTolstoy?

A)Shedeprecatesthecynicismofhislaterworks.B)Shefindshimtheatricallyartificial.C)Sheadmireshiswholeheartedsincerity.D)Shethinkshisinconsistencydisturbing.29.Accordingtothepassage,Tolstoy’sconversionis_______

A)aradicalrenunciationoftheworld.

B)thenaturalconsequenceofhisearlybeliefs.C)theacceptanceofareligionhehadrejected.D)therejectionofavant-gardeideas.

30.WecaninferthefollowingfromthepassageEXCEPTthat______

A)ConfessionbelongstoanearlyperiodofTolstoy’swork.

B)inhisworksTolstoymightexpresshisdiscontenttothesociety.C)theherowouldn’tobtainhappinessifhecouldn’tgettheanswer.D)theeasily-obtainedhappinessisrejectedbyTolstoy.Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoactapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,quality,andutility,anditisthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Inthehealthcareindustry,however,thedoctor-patientrelationshipisamirrorimageoftheordinaryrelationshipbetweenproducerandconsumer.Onceanindividualhaschosentoseeaphysician,thephysicianusuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn“nextWednesday”,whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.

Thisisparticularlysignificantinrelationtohospitalcare.Thephysicianmustcertifytheneedforhospitalization,determinewhatprocedureswillbeperformed,andannouncewhenthepatientmaybedischarged.Thepatientmaybeconsultedaboutsomeofthesedecisions,butinthemainitisthedoctor’sjudgmentsthatarefinal.Littlewonderthenthatintheeyesofthehospitalitisthephysicianwhoisthereal“consumer”.Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe“powercenter”inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration.

Althoughusually,thereareinthissituationfouridentifiableparticipants—thephysician,thehospital,thepatientandthepayer(generallyaninsurancecarrierorgovernment)—thephysicianmakestheessentialdecisionforallofthem.Thehospitalbecomesanextensionofthephysician;thepayergenerallymeetsmostofthebonafidebillsgeneratedbythephysician/hospital;andforthemostpart,thepatientplaysapassiverole.Inroutineorminorillnesses,orjustplainworries,thepatient’soptionsare,ofcourse,muchgreaterwithrespecttouseandprice.Butinillnessesthatareofsomesignificance,suchchoicetendstoevaporate.Anditisfortheseillnessthatthebulkofthehealthcaredollarisspent.

Weestimatethatabout75~80percentofhealthcareexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients.Forthisreason,economymeasuresdirectedatpatientsorthegeneralpublicarerelativelyineffective.

31.Inthispassage,theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto________.

A)criticizedoctorforexercisingtoomuchcontroloverpatientB)analyzesomeimportanteconomicfactorsinhealthcareC)urgehospitalstoreclaimtheirdecision-makingauthorityD)informpotentialpatientoftheirhealthcarerights

32.Itcanbeinferredthatdoctorsareabletodeterminehospitalpoliciesbecause________.

A)itisdoctorswhogenerateincomeforthehospital

B)mostofapatient’sbillsarepaidbyhishealthinsuranceC)adoctorisultimatelyresponsibleforapatient’shealth

D)administrationslacktheexpertisetoquestionmedicaldecisions

33.Accordingtotheauthor,whenadoctortellsapatientto“returnnextWednesday”,thedoctorisin

effect________.

A)takingadvantageofthepatient’sconcernforhishealthB)instructingthepatienttobuymoremedicalservice

C)warningthepatientthatahospitalstaymightbenecessaryD)advisingthepatienttoseekasecondopinion34.Theauthorismostprobablyleadingupto________.

A)aproposaltocontrolmedicalcostB)adiscussionofnewmedicaltreatmentC)acomparisonofhospitalsandfactoriesD)ananalysisofcausesinflationintheU.S.

35.Thetoneoftheauthorcanbebestdescribedas_________.

A)whimsicalB)cautiousC)analyticalD)inquisitive

Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

InordertotellwhatIbelieve,Imustbrieflysketchsomethingofmypersonalhistory.

Theturningpointofmylifewasmydecisiontogiveupapromisingbusinesscareerandstudymusic.Myparents,althoughsympathetic,andsharingmyloveofmusic,disapprovedofitasaprofession.Thiswasunderstandableinviewofthefamilybackground.MygrandfatherhadtaughtmusicfornearlyfortyyearsatSpringhillCollegeinMobileand,thoughmuchbelovedandrespectedinthecommunity,earnedbarelyenoughtoprovideforhislargefamily.Myfatheroftensaiditwasonlythehardheadedthriftinessofmygrandmotherthatkeptthewolfatbay.Asaconsequenceofthisexampleinthefamily,theverymentionofmusicasaprofessioncarriedwithitapictureofaprecariousexistencewithuncertainfinancialrewards.Myparentsinsisteduponcollegeinsteadofaconservatoryofmusic,

andtocollegeIwent—quitehappily,asIremember,foralthoughIlovedmyviolinandspentmostofmysparetimepracticing,Ihadmanyotherinterests.

BeforemygraduationformColumbia,thefamilymetwithseverefinancialreversesandIfeltitmydutytoleavecollegeandtakeajob.ThusIlauncheduponabusinesscareer—whichIalwaysthinkofasthewastedyears.

NowIdonotforamomentmeantodisparagebusiness.Mywholepointisthatitwasnotforme.Iwentintoitformoney,andasidefromthesatisfactionofbeingabletohelpthefamily,moneyisallIgotoutofit.Itwasnotenough.Ifeltthatlifewaspassingmeby.FrombeingmerelydiscontentedIbecameacutelymiserable.MyoneambitionwastosaveenoughtoquitandgotoEuropetostudymusic.IusedtogetupatdawntopracticebeforeIleftfor“downtown”,distractingmypoormotherbyboltingahastybreakfastatthelastminute.Insteadoflunchingwithmybusinessassociates,Iwouldseekoutsomecheapcafé,orderameagermealandscribblemyharmonyexercises.Icontinuedtomakemoney,andfinally,bitbybit,accumulatedenoughtoenablemetogoabroad.Thefamilybeingoncemoresolvent,andmyhelpnolongernecessary,Iresignedfrommypositionand,feelinglikeamanreleasedfromjail,sailedforEurope.Istayedfouryears,workedharderthanIhadeverdreamedofworkingbeforeandenjoyedeveryminuteofit.

“Enjoyed”istoomildaword.Iwalkedonair.Ireallylived.IwasafreemanandIwasdoingwhatIlovedtodoandwhatIwasmeanttodo.

IfIhadstayedinbusiness,Imightbeacomparativelywealthymantoday,butIdonotbelieveIwouldhavemadeasuccessofliving.Iwouldhavegivenupallthoseintangibles,thoseinnersatisfactions,thatmoneycanneverbuy,andthataretoooftensacrificedwhenaman’sprimarygoalisfinancialsuccess.

WhenIbrokeawayfrombusiness,itwasagainsttheadviceofpracticallyallmyfriendsandfamily.Soconditionedaremostofustotheassociationofsuccesswithmoneythatthethoughtofgivingupagoodsalaryforanideaseemedlittleshortofinsane.Ifso,allIcansayis“Gee!It’sgreattobecrazy.”

Moneyisawonderfulthing,butitispossibletopaytoohighapriceforit.

36.Whatistherhetoricdeviceusedinthesentence“itwasonlythehardheadedthriftinessofmy

grandmotherthatkeptthewolfatbay”inParagraphTwo?A)SynecdocheB)SimileC)PersonificationD)Metaphor37.ThepointofParagraphFourisabout_______

A)howpainfullytheauthorenduredhisbusinesscareerforhisgoalofmusic.B)howboringtheauthor’sbusinesscareerwasthathecouldnotwaittoquit.C)howbusytheauthor’sbusinesscareerwasthatherarelyhadgoodbreakfasts.D)howdepressedtheauthorfeltbecausehehadtosupportthewholefamily.38.Thesentence“Iwalkedonair”inParagraphFiveindicatesthattheauthor______

A)couldnotfindhisplaceinatotallynewenvironment.B)feltatlosswhenbeginninganewlifeawayfromhome.

C)wasexceedinglyhappybecausehehadquittedhisjobwhichhedidn’tliketodo.D)feltelevatedandoptimisticbecausehewasdoingwhathelovedtodo.39.Accordingtotheauthor’sview,moneyis_______

A)nothingbutimpedimenttosuccess.B)valuablebutnotthemostimportant.C)sometimesequaledtosuccess.

D)capableofofferingpeoplefreedom.

40.Totheauthor,therealsuccessinhislifeis_______

A)tohelphisfamilyoutoffinancialtrouble.

B)toearnenoughmoneysoastodowhathewantstodo.C)togaininnersatisfactionfromwhathelovestodo.D)toworkhardandtrytoenjoytheworkitself.PARTIIITRANSLATION(50points)

SECTIONA:CHINESETOENGLISH(25points)

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoEnglish.

哲学家有些不食人间烟火，他远离田野车间，甚至也不拿天文望远镜观察天体，而只是坐在静谧的书斋里读书、思考，思索那些具有终极意义、虚无缥缈的本体问题。哲学家孤苦伶仃，独处一室之中。面对古往今来的大哲学家遗留下来的问题，他苦苦沉思。他唯一的财富是文本，哲学因而就是解释文本，而不是解释宇宙。哲学家只是一味地同古往今来的灵魂交谈——他读书，是同古昔人物交谈；他写作，是

同子孙后代交谈；他讲演，是同莘莘学子交谈；他沉思，是同自己交谈。他长于洞见，洞见未来；他善于遐想，遐想无限；他耽于梦幻，幻游彼岸；他富于关怀，关怀永恒。他同远在天涯的哲人和精神交谈，在这个意义上，他视通万里，思接千载。他伟大，他不朽，他同古往今来的灵魂对话。SECTIONB:ENGLISHTOCHINESE(25points)

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

TheValueofTime

“Time,”saystheproverb,“ismoney”.Thismeansthateverymomentwell-spentmayputsomemoneyintoourpockets.Ifourtimeisusefullyemployed,itwilleitherturnoutsomeusefulandimportantpieceofworkwhichwillfetchitspriceinthemarket,oritwilladdtoourexperienceandincreaseourcapacitiessoastoenableustoearnmoneywhentheproperopportunitycomes.Letthose,whothinknothingofwastingtime,rememberthis.Ourlifeisnothingmorethanourtime.Tokilltimeisthereforeaformofsuicide.Weareshockedwhenwethinkofdeath,andwesparenopains,notrouble,andnoexpensetopreservelife.Butwearetoooftenindifferenttothelossofanhourorofaday,forgettingthatourlifeisthesumtotalofthedaysandofthehourswelive.Adayoranhourwastedisthereforesomuchlifeforfeited.Ourlifeisabriefspanmeasuringsomeseventyoreightyyearsinall.Butnearlyonethirdofthishastobespentinsleep;someyearshavetobespentoverourmeals;someinmakingjourneysonlandandvoyagesbysea;someinmerry-making;someinwatchingoverthesick-bedsofournearestanddearestrelatives.

Nowifalltheseyearsweretobedeductedfromthetermoverwhichourlifeextends,weshallfindabouttwentyorthirtyyearsatourdisposalforactivework.Whoeverremembersthiscanneverwillinglywasteasinglemomentofhislife.

Alltimeisprecious;butthetimeofourchildhoodandofouryouthismorepreciousthananyotherportionofourexistence.Forthosearetheperiodswhenalonewecanacquireknowledgeanddevelopourcapacities.Ifweallowthesemorninghoursoflifetoslipaway,weshallneverbeabletorecouptheloss.Justasmoneylaidoutatinterestdoublesandtreblesitselfintime,sotheprecioushoursofchildhoodandyouth,ifproperlyused,willyieldusincalculableadvantages.PARTIVWRITING(40points)

Directions:Itisthedutyofsonsanddaughterstotakecareoftheirparents.However,duetothepressurefromworkortheirownfamily,someofthemarenotabletolookaftertheirparents,sotheysendtheirparentstoelderlynursinghomesinstead.Somepeopletakeitasanactagainstfilialpiety.Whatisyouropinion?Isitappropriateforyoungergenerationstosendtheirparentstonursinghomes?Writeanessayabout500words.Youshouldsupplyanappropriatetitleforyouressay.

Inthefirstpartofyouressayyoushouldstateclearlyyourmainargument,andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary.

Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organizations,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.