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杰克·伦敦小说《马丁·伊登》的文体学分析

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科技信息 0外语论坛o SCIENCE&TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION 2009年第25期 杰克・伦敦小说《马丁・伊登》的文体学分析 郑 畅 (云南师范大学外国语学院 云南 昆明 650000) 【摘要】《马丁・伊登》是美国作家杰克・伦敦最优秀的长篇小说。运用文体学这一文本分析工具可以对小说的文本表征进行研究,从而展 现这位伟大作家极具特色的语言的美感特征,同时,也进一步说明作家使用某种语言手段的意图是在于表达更加丰富的语境意义。文字和意义 是不可分割的。 【关键词】《马丁・伊登》;文体学;文字;意义 A Stylistic Analysis of Jack London’s Novel Martin Eden 【Abstract]Martin Eden is the most renowned novel of American modernist writer,Jack London.Stylistics can be employed to analyze the linguistic features of the novel and expose its aesthetic effects.The linguistic choices made by tlle writer serve his purpose in particular context, therefore,language and meaning are inseparable. 【Key words】Martin Eden;Stylistics;Language;Meaning 1.Introduction Martin Eden is the most successful and influential hovel of Jack employed in Martin Eden. 4.1 Metaphor Metaphor is deemed‘‘transport”in Greek etymology. ving a metaphor as a kind of transport draws attention to the way a London,who is widely acknowledged as the forerunner of American Perceiansfers a concept from where it is normally located,to Modernism.To better explore the tragic ending and complicated metaphor trpsychological wodd of Martin Eden,stylistics analysis Call be of great help.Since the 1950s,the term stylistics has been applied to critical somewhere else where it is not usually found(Thornborrow&Wareing. 1998:97).Thus a metaphor allows us to create correspondences in the world which did not exist before,and allows new meanings to occur. procedures which undertake to replace what is said to be the subjectivity and impressionism of standard analyses with an “objective”or “e.g.“In the alchemy of his brain,trigonomety and mathematircs and he whole field of knowledge which they betokened were transmuted into scientiifc”analysis of the style of literary texts(Abrams,1999:305).As tfar as Martin Eden is concerned,we can avail of this linguistic too]to so much landscape”(ondon,L2004:17). get a clearer picture of what makes the writing of Jack London so distinctive. Alchemy is a science studied in the Middle Ages that involved 2.Narrative Point of V Jew trying to change ordinary metlsa into gold(Bullock&Stllaybrss,a2004: 42),but here it acquires metaphoric meanings,indicating the former edge of Eden is to be enlightened with the new coming knowledge The narrative point of view of this novel is from an omniscient knowltrigonometry and mathematics.The enli ghtenment seemed to fascinate narrator,also called all—knowing narrator.This kind of narrator is of him,as if he caught beautiful and mysterious vistas in his horizon. someone who has the ability to move freely through the consciousness of any character,Martin Eden,Ruth,Arthur,Bernard Higghinbotham and so on.The powerful narrator waves the threads of the stories in succession, puts fbem up to the culminative point.and leads them towards the resolution:the suicide committed by Eden.Moreover,the narrator 4.2 Allusion Allusion is a passing reference,without explicit identiicatfion,to a literary or historical person,place,or event,or to nother aliterary work or passage.(Abrams,1999:9) e.g.“And to add confusion to confusion,there was the servant,an ing menace that appeared noiselessly at his shoulders,a dire intudes trhe psychological world of Eden,exposes his thoughts,enabling unceasnx that propounded puzzles and conundrums demanding us to catch a glimpse of the complexity and stugglring in his inner seIf, Sphirousing our miaxed feelings towards his dramatic changes from great shame to ambition,from indignation to self—satisfaction,but finally after instntaaneous solution”(London,2004:13). hiTs is actually a very interesting hype南ole by using the allusion bout Sphinx to indicate it was a terror for Eden to survive threugh lla the wrestling with the different feelings,he chose to take up his own aferent table manners,or we would rather say“rituals’’demanded by life by jumping into the sea.The narrative point of view is objective, dihe servant beside him.“Sphix”occursn in the legend about Oedipus, itwhout the writer proiecting personal feelings towards it,and this tand we all know about him is“Oedipus Complex.”(Leitch,2001:920) facilitates us to have all unbiased judgment on the tragedy of Eden. 3.Grammatleal Features Jack I∞ndon is a typical modernist,and he foCUSCS on the 5.Register Register is the term used to describe the relationship between a ticular style of lnguage and iats context of rise. “The difference explcitation on language use as a path of creating interesting word parpictures.One obvious feature is that the grammatical system of language between formal and iformaln language is called a diference of register’’ is experimented with,made to‘‘deviate”from everyday forms of language, Thomborrow&Wareing.1998:93).Martin Eden is a perfect example to oited with this linguistic terra.Eden was from the tiviarl as a result,creates new patterns in fomr and in meaning.The following be explng as a sailor down the Coast on one of the Paciic maifl sentence fits neatly into this category and we will see how the writer background,beisteamers,with poor education.But the affection towards Ruth,a lady with breaks through the conventional structures. ined manners and sound education led Eden to the writing career.In e.g.“He entered strange ports of sun-washed lands”(London,2004: ref19). hits way,he could be established,and with the fame and fortune,he d win Ruth’s heart.There is a marked transformafton for Eden’s “Wash’’is usually collocated with“clothes”,“dishes”,ere,so it is couldentities,thus his speeches had to fit for this change,e.g.he had to fit strange to see sun-washed.The writer deviated from the normal io his promoted socil staatus,thr0wing away the broken language used collocation by putting‘‘sun”and“washed”together to form a peculir tavisual effect。and we could see the lnds basaking in the war'nl sunshine. when being a sail0r,and polished his language as being n0bler. 4.Figurative Usage of Language Figurative usage of language,in another word,trope,refers to 6.C0ncIusi0n ThI‘lJugh the an囊 is,we can have a better understanding of the terpiece Martin Eden fmm tlhe stylistic p0int 0f view.Jack Lond0n is lngauage used in a figurative way or a rfhetorical purpose(Thomborrow& masly a versatile wTiter,proficient at印plying sty1istic(下转第1 53页) Wareing,1998:95).Here we will list some typical rhetorical devices real173 科技信息 0高校讲坛o SCIENCE&TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION 2009年第25期 浅谈在电工电子实验中如何提高学生兴趣 李春艳 (陕西理工学院陕西汉中723003) 【摘 要】电工电子课程是电类专业的重要基础课程,本文就如何培养学生电工电子实验兴趣作了以下论述。 【关键词】电_T-电子;实验;实验兴趣 实验教学是理论知识的延续,它担负着巩固理论知识培养学生动 决一些实际问题,使这些知识成为他们已有的知识经验和解决问题的 手能力和创新能力的重责,在教学过程中具有举足轻重的作用.如何 能力,并培养学生学习兴趣和实验兴趣,是我们要解决的问题。解决了 在实验过程中培养和提高学生学习兴趣,是一个值得探讨的话题。没 这个问题,对于学生而言,一是能巩固知识能修正知识,能给他们带来 有了兴趣的支持,实验在学生跟里就会变得枯燥乏味,不富创造力,做 自我成功的喜悦情绪,这种喜悦情绪是建立稳定之久的兴趣所必需 实验只是为了完成任务。 的。那么如何在解决实际问题的过程中,使学生确立稳定的兴趣呢?首 那么如何在实验过程中培养学生实验兴趣呢?我们要让学生做到 先是让学生积极期望。积极期望就是从改善学习者自身心理状态人 以下几点。 1.解实验目的 电工电子实验主要是要求学生在学会使用各种常用电子仪器的 基础上提高理论与实践相联系的水平,培养学生掌握一些简单电路的 调试和设计的能力,从而为后续专业课程打下坚实的基础.实验一般 分为验证性实验、设计性实验和综合性实验,验证性实验是指给定实 手,对自己不喜欢的学科充满信心,相信科学史非常有趣的,自己对这 门学科产生信心,想象中的兴趣会推动我们认真学习该学科,从而导 致对此学科真正感兴趣。其次,创建积极的课堂环境,满足学生的心理 需要,比如帮学生消除集成芯片很神秘的心理障碍,使其能根据集成 电路的功能表及管脚图学会使用集成芯片的方法,然后利用其成功的 经验使其进入学习状态,激发学习兴趣.同时稳固的掌握和灵活运用 验目的要求、实验条件和给出实验电路或程序,由学生完成的实 理论知识。最后,应循序渐进的培养学生兴趣,不能一蹴而就,以防止 验。设计性实验是指给定实验目的要求和实验条件。由学生自行设计 学生期望太高,能力有限,对自己失去信心,从而厌恶学习,不能持之  实验方案并加以实现的实验。综合性实验是指实验内容涉及本课程的 以恒努力的情况。综合知识或与本课程相关课程知识的实验。一般来说,首先让学生通 4.保持兴趣不断地提出问题 过验证性实验熟悉和掌握各种电子测量仪器的使用及基本电路的构 保持兴趣的最容易的方法是不断地提问题。当你为回答或解答一 建方法,在肯定中获得成就感,从而培养起对实验的兴趣。设计性实验 个实验中出现的问题而去读书时,你的学习就带有目的性,就有了兴 是给出实验要求,要求两个学生一组设计并完成实验,培养学生团队 趣。比如为什么要这么接电路,有没有其他好的方法,能不能用其他集 意识、协作能力,学生在完成了设计性实验_后会有成就感,建立了间接 成芯片来实现?怎样证明它的结论是对的?使用它应注意甚麽问题?为 兴趣。综合性实验一般放在最后,作为对实验的一个总结,使学生将所 了回答这些问题,学生开始会强迫自己详细的了解书本知识,一旦学 学的知识理论系统的联系起来,设计出一个电路.使所学知识成为一 生真正的往下看,你就会被吸引住。从而在实验过程中培养学生自我 个完整的系统。 成功感,以培养直接的学习兴趣。在学习的过程中每取得一个小的成 功,就对学生进行夸奖和鼓励,达到甚么目标,就给学生什么样的鼓 首先,我们应该了解什么是兴趣。兴趣是个体以特定的事物、活动 励。这样有助于学生产生自我成功感.不知不觉就会建立起直接兴 及人为对象、所产生的积极的带有倾向性、选择性的态度和情绪.兴趣 趣。同时把原有的其他兴趣转移到学习上来,以培养新的学习兴趣。 在解决实际问题的过程中,确立稳定的兴趣。用学得的知识解决实际 是一种无形的动力,当我们对某件事情或某项活动很感兴趣时就会很 投入,而且印象深刻。兴趣分为直接兴趣和间接兴趣,直接兴趣是指对 问题,一是能巩固知识,而是能修证知识,三是能带来自我成功的喜悦 活动过程的兴趣,例如,有些学生想象力丰富、富于创造,喜欢自己设 情绪。这种喜悦情绪正式建立稳定持久的兴趣所必需的。 计各种电路并付诸于实践,在制作过程中全神贯注.表现出浓厚的兴 趣,间接兴趣主要指对活动过程所产生的结果的兴趣,学生会为自己 2.培养自我成功感,建立间接兴趣 5.参加各种电子竞赛激发学习兴趣 当我们满腔热情地去做任何一件事前,一般都对它的结果有了 完成一件作品所带来的成果表现极大的兴趣,如参加电子设计大赛获 预期的想象,而坚持去做这件事情。鼓励学生参加各种竞赛,包括社会 奖的学生会为自己的成果感到自豪,从而更加促进学习兴趣。直接兴 和学校举办的各种相关比赛。比如:全国电子设计大赛、“挑战杯”竞 趣和间接兴趣相辅相成,没有直接兴趣,实验过程就像前面所说会比 赛、智能机器赛等,这些比赛不但给学生带来了丰富的锻炼动手 较乏味,枯燥,而没有间接兴趣也就没有目标,过程就很难持久下去. 能力的机会,而且让学生学会如何动手,如何将理论变为现实,同时全 因此只有把直接兴趣相互结合起来,才能充分发挥一个人的积极性和 方位的激发学生学习兴趣。 创造性,才能持之以恒。 3.在解决实际问题过程中。确立稳定的兴趣 在学习过程中学生学到了很多理论知识,但是如何用学的知识解 [责任编辑:张新雷] (上接第173页)methods to add variety to his works.providing readers [4]London,J.Martin Eden(Shu Xing—sha,Trans.)[M】,Shanghai:Shahghai Foreign “g aestheticaJexpe nce during the reading protess. Language and Education Press,2004. 【References】 [I JAbrams,M.H.1999.A Glossary of Literary Terms (7th ed.)fM],New Y0rk: Thomson Learning. [5]ThornborrowJ.&Shan:W.Patterns in Language:Stylistics for Students of Language and Literature[M】,London:Taylor Francis Limited,1998. 作者简介:郑畅(1982一),女,重庆人,云南师范大学硕士研究生,研究方向  [2]Bullock,A.,&Stallybrass,O.(Eds.),Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought(2nd 为英美文学和西方文论。ed.)[M1, ndon:Fontana,1988. [3]Leitch,V.B.(Ed.),heT Norton Anthology of heorTy and Criticism【M】,New York: W.W.Norton&Company Limited.2001. [责任编辑:翟成梁] 153 

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