2023-2024学年北京市东城区高三上学期期末英语模拟试题(含答案)

一、第一部分 知识运用第一节 完形填空1、　　

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　When 19-year old Alice Dickinson found out her father had cancer, her 1 was a little different than you might expect. To honor her father, who she also describes as her best friend, she decided to start a book drive called For Love, 2 books for kids with cancer.　　\"It was very much an overnight idea, \" she explains. \"I posted a message on an app asking my neighbors for used book donations. I was only expecting a few here and there, but the response was truly 3 and it was just the push I needed to co-exist with my sadness rather than letting it 4 me.\"　　\"It was absolutely heartbreaking to watch my dad 5 cancer and see him lose a little bit of himself each day, but the book drive allowed me to 6 a newfound sense of purpose mixed with an even greater sense of sympathy and desire to help others. I wanted to help 7 . They've always held a soft spot in my heart.\"

　　Using the 8 she earns from working at her parents' bread shop, Alice has bought many books out of her own pocket. In addition, she receives donations through her online wishlist. Alice spent a whole summer driving around town, loading boxes of books into her car. \"It was such a unique cxperience to know people had carried these books all their lives through generations, and they wanted to 9 them to my cause.\"　　The project has scen a huge 10 , with For Love donating over 15, 000 books and being widely recognized by the media.(1) A. suffcring(2) A. writing(3) A. appropriate(4) A. excuse(5) B. consume

C. dismiss

D. touch

B. incredible

C. familiar

D. immediate

B. promoting

C. reading

D. collecting

B. explanation

C. response

D. treatment

A. throw off(6) A. evaluate(7) A. kids(8) A. credit(9) A. gift(10) A. market

B. keep fromC. look intoD. go through

B. developC. regainD. provide

B. neighborsC. friendsD. parents

B. interestC. awardsD. tips

B. lendC. submitD. mail

B. profitC. successD. demand

第二节 语法填空2、　　

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

A

　　My six-year-old daughter, Rona, listened attentively to the radio on the hardships people suffered 1 poor areas. It was the day after Rona's birthday. and her grandmother had given her some money. When the offering basket came around, Rona 2 (reach) into her pocket, pulled out her birthday money, and put it in the basket. \"Your grandmother wanted you to use that to buy something nice for 3 (you), \" I said. \"I did, \" Rona replied with a big smile. “I bought happiness.\"3、B

　　Some people are living very long lives.What are some of their sccrets tolongevity？ 1 (eat) the right food plays a big role. Exercise is also importanl.study found that people who exercised at 2 (recommend) levels gained 3.4 yearsof life compared to those 3 were inactive.In addition. there is also a linkbetwecn happiness and lifen-happy people with a positive Outlook on life tend to live 4 (long) and experience berter health than their unhappy peers.4、C

　　A study shows 176 bird species have been found to build nests with human litter, such as plastic bags and fishing nets. 1 worries the scientists is that such materials can harm chicks and even adult birds. The study 2 (review) research covering almost 35, 000 nests and finds that birds use human-made materials in nests on all continents except Antarctica. While such

behaviour 3 (observe) as early as in the 1830s, in recent years it has undoubtedly increased.二、第二部分 阅读理解第一节5、　　

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.

　　A

　　Connected to each other like never before, young people today are becoming agents of change, increasingly contributing to innovative solutions that improve people's lives and the planet's health.　　The United Nations Institute for Training and Research is therefore delighted to launch the Young Leaders Online Training Programme, a four-week e-Learning course, to provide participants with the knowledge and skills to fully unfold their potential as global leaders.CONTENT

Online Learning Modules

　　Module 1: The United Nations (3-9 June 2024)

　　Module 2: Conference Diplomacy（外交）(10-16 June 2024)　　Module 3: Sustainable Development Goals (17-23 June 2024)　　Module 4: International Communication (24-30 June 2024)

　　Each module will comprise about 30 pages of literature, external links, videos, and other relevant material, corresponding to a total workload of 40-45 hours during the four weeks.Live Components

　　Each e-Learning module will go with a series of live meetings with UN experts. These will have varying lengths and formats, including e-workshops, mock（模拟的） interviews, etc.COMPLETION REOUIREMENTS

　　Purticipants are qualified for a course certificate upon successful completion of the components below;

Rending the four modules' content.You may wish to study the material through the interactive programme Articulate Storyline or simply download the PDF version of the content. They are identical in content and are meant to give participants flexibility in the way to study.

Participation in the discussion board forums（论坛）. You are supposed to answer questions on every module in short texts. Your posts will be evaluated according to both quantity and quality.Passing the multiple-choice assessments.Each module features an assessment quiz at its end. It contains 10 questions, and passing the module requires at least 8 out of 10 questions correctly answered.(1) What is the main aim of the course?A. To improve the lives of young people.B. To connect the youth around the world.C. To collect innovative ideas from young people.D. To build up the youth's global leadership ability.(2) What will participants do in each module?A. Read great works of literature.B. Spend 40-45 hours on learning.C. Make videos for the United Nations.D. Have online meetings with UN experts.

(3) To get a course certificate, a participant needs to .A. take part in the discussionsB. post questions on each moduleC. copy the PDF version of the contentD. answer all the test questions correctly

6、　　B

　　When I first heard about the improv（即兴表演） classes, I was torn. As an introvert, I feared getting on stage and improvising in front of strangers. However, I knew I wanted to work as a science communicator after finishing my Ph. D., so it seemed like the perfect opportunity to improve my speaking ability and gain confidence thinking on my feet.

　　During our first class, we learned a core concept of improv: \"yes, and. \" It means that, as

improvisers, we accept what fellow performers say. If someone says that rhinos （犀牛） are librarians, for example, then rhinos are librarians. We do not question the logic; we say \"yes\" and continue with the scene as if no him is wrong.

　　I got a taste of how difficult that was when acting out my first scene. My classmate turned to me and said, \"Mom is going to be so mad.\" Mad about what? My mind spun out ideas, and my inner critic shot them all down. We broke the car? No, that's too easy. We failed a test? No, you don't want your classmates thinking you're stupid on the first day. I finally Janded on an answer: \"Yes, we're going to be late for dinner.\" The scene proceeded from there, and we eventually finished as two sisters who lost their way on a hiking trail.

　　The first few scenes were hard, but as weeks turned into months, I became more comfortable thinking on my feet and even started to enjoy our classes. I never silenced my inner critic entirely, but over time, I didn't police my words with quite so much effort. I also became better at listening, relating to my conversation partners, and communicating clearly in the moment.

　　That training proved useful 6 months ago, when my experiments generated unreasonable data. Early on in graduate school, I would get stuck when this happened; my inner critic would assume I had made a mistake. But then, after embracing the \"yes, and\" concept, instead of getting discouraged, I kept exploring the data and ended up identifying a new type of celi-one that wasn't behaving as expected. If I badn't accepted the possibility that the results were real, I would have missed out on the most exciting finding of my Ph. D. so far.

　　All scientists can benefit from this lesson. If the data say rhinos are librarians, then it's worth investigating whether rhinos are, in fact, librarians. Our job as scientists isn't to generate data that support a preconceived （预想的） story. Our job is to say \"yes, and.\"(1) Why did the author take the improv classes?A. To improve her logical mind.B. To finish her Ph. D. assignment.C. To develop her communication skills.D. To pursue her interest in performance.(2) How did the author feel during the first scene?A. Conflicted.B. Bored.C. Discouraged.D. Embarrassed.

(3) According to the author, in her experiments, \"yes, and\" helped her .A. accept failuresB. make a new discoveryC. make up for a mistakeD. correct unreasonable data

(4) What can we learn from this passage?A. The unknown can be an inspiration.B. The unexpected can be rewarding.C. The unfortunate can be a chance.D. The unusual can be decisive.

7、　　C

　　When we're solving a complicated problem, we often gather a group to brainstorm, We're looking to get the best ideas as quickly as possible. I love secing it happen----except for one tiny wrinkle. Group brainstorming usually backfires.

　　Extensive evidence shows that when we gencrate ideas together, we're unlikely to maximize collective intelligence. As the humourist Jobn Smith said, \"If you had to identify, in one word, the reason why the human race has not achieved, and never will achieve, its full potential, that word would be:'meetings', \" But the problem isn't meetings themselves-it's how we run them.

　　Think about the brainstorming sessions you've attended. You've probably seen people bite their tongues due to ego threat (\"I don't want to look stupid.\"), noise (\"We can't all talk at once.\"), and conformity pressure (\"Let's all jump on the boss's ship!\"). Goodbye diversity of thought, hello groupthink.

　　To unearth the hidden potential in teams, instead of brainstorming, we're better olf shifting to a process called \"brainwriting\". The initial steps are solo. You start by asking everyone to generate ideas separately. Next, you pool them and share them among the group. To preserve independent judgment, each member evaluates them on their own. Only then does the team come together to select and refine the most promising options. By developing and assessing ideas individually before choosing them, teams can surface and advance possibilities that might not get attention otherwise.

　　Research by organizational behaviour scholar Anita Woolley and her colleagues helps to explain why this method works. They find that a key to collective intelligence is full and fair participation. In brainstorming meetings, it's too easy for participation to become lopsided in favour of the biggest egos,

the loudest voices, and the most powerful people. The brainwriting process makes sure that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are brought into the conversation. The goal isn't to be the smartest person in the room-it's to make the room smarter.

　　Collective intelligence begins with individual creativity. But it docsn't end there. Individuals produce a greater volume and variety of novel ideas when they work alone. That means that they come up with more brilliant ideas than groups----but also more terrible ideas than groups. It takes collective judgment to find the signal in the noise and bring the best ideas to fruition.

(1) Both John Smith and the author may agree that brainstorming meetings fail to .A. assess humans' potentialB. simplify problems quicklyC. accept possible good ideasD. get the most out of individuals

(2) What does the underlined word \"lopsided\" in Paragraph 5 most probably mean?A. Informal.B. Unbalanced.C. Improper.D. Unpleasant.

(3) The author writes this passage mainly to .A. challenge a conclusionB. make a comparisonC. advocate a practiceD. introduce a research

8、　　D

　　Scientists are poor forecasters of the future. But two trends can be confidently predicted. First, the world will get more crowded. There'll be more than 9 billion people by 2050. Second, the world will get warmer and some governments won't prioritise the long-term measures needed to deal with climate change, even though science offers us a roadmap to a low-carbon future.

　　That's why we should be promoters of new technology----without it the world can't provide the food and sustainable energy needed for an expanding population. But we should also be cautious, as new technologies, such as AI, may be hard to control.

　　AI will undoubtedly become more intrusive in the future. Records of our movements, health and financial transactions will be stored in the cloud. The data may be used for justifiable reasons, such as protein folding and drug development, or to warn us of initial health risks, but its availability to Internet companies is already shifting the balance of power from governments to global-scale corporations.　　Actually, it's beyond Earth that AI has the most cnormous potential. Humans may have established bases beyond Earth by the year 2100. But don't ever expect mass ernigration （移民） from Earth. It's a false belief that ce offers an escape from our problems. Dealing with climate change on Earth is a piece of cake compared to terraforming Mars.

　　Nevertheless, we should cheer on these brave human ce adventurers. They'll be ill-adapted to a Martian habitat, so they'll have a super motive to redesign themselves. It's they, not those of us adapted to life on Earth, who will pioneer the post-human era（时代）.

　　If prost-humans trnke the shift from flesh and blood to fully artificnal untelligences, they won't need an almospher of even gravity, so it's in devp ce-not even on Mirs that non bological \"brins\" mny devlop powers that we can't imngane. They may end up buing mentally differunt from us. Al could jump-start a huge emigration and thus ever more complex intelligence apreads through the univere.　　But let's relocus from the science fiction of the far future. closer to the here and now. This century is special. It's the first, in Enrth's 4.5-billion- yenr history where one species- ours---- holds the planer's future in its hands. (ur intclligence could initiate billions of years of post-human evolution （演化）, even more amazing than that which led to us. On the other hand. humans could cause biological, environmental or cyber catastrophes that foreclose all this potential.

　　If science is to save us, we need to think globally, sensibly and long-term----empowered by science, but guided by values that science alone can't provide.(1) Why does the author mention the two trends in the first paragraph?A. To reply to governments' decisions.B. To show scientists' prediction ability.C. To present a call for scientific advances.D. To highlight the challenges to scientists.(2) According to this passage, Al can .A. put an end to climate changeB. make mass human emigration possibleC. speed up the competition in medical fieldsD. bring about potential threats from big companies

(3) As for the future. what does the author agree with?A. Post-humans will repeat the history of humans.B. Complex intelligence will dominate the universe.C. Fully artificial intelligences may inhabit outer ce.D. Non-biological brains may invite unforeseen disasters.(4) Which would be the best title for the passage?A. Could Al Save Us?

B. Will Science Lead Evolution?C. Are ce Adventurers Pioneers?D. Is Complex Intelligence Coming?

第二节9、　　

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

The Science of Comfort Food

　　Certain foods always give us much pleasure. 1 However, much of the happiness we get from our favorite foods comes from the memories they bring to us and the people we're with while we enjoy them.

　　 2 That's why our brains reward us for eating anything at all by releasing a chemical that enhances mood. But as anyone who's ever eaten apple pie knows, sweets can make us feel especially nice. One study found that people who are especially sensitive to sweetness have stronger brain-reward responses to sugary foods than less sweet-sensitive people do.

　　Some foods are especially emotionally satisfying for reasons that have little to do with their taste or nutritional content, though. 3 And many favorite American comfort foods----chili, say----are not particularly sweet or high in carbohydrates （碳水化合物）. Often we love food because we have fond memories associated with it. One dish I cannot live without at a New Year party is my mom's Snowy Mashed Potatoes, which remind me of holiday joy and past reunions with extended family.　　 4 Sometimes you might feel sad when you eat foods that remind you of loved ones you miss. We may also avoid foods that we associate with bad experiences. I haven't eaten cottage cheese

since I was 8 years old, because it was the last thing I ate before rolling off the bed with a terrible stomachache.

　　In addition to past memories, the context in which we eat foods matters, too. 5 And our gustatory（味觉的）experiences can be heightened by \"a sense of community, a sense of warmth and enjoying it together\". I appreciate my mum's potatoes even more today when I eat them with my husband and two children.(1) A. Food is essential for our survival.

B. These associations can go the other way, too.C. We desire comfort foods when we feel lonely.D. It shapes how much we cnjoy them in the moment.E. Their taste and nutritional content affect how we feel.F. Our memory for smell can be long-lasting and precise.G. After all, different cultures have different comfort foods.(2) A. Food is essential for our survival.

B. These associations can go the other way, too.C. We desire comfort foods when we feel lonely.D. It shapes how much we cnjoy them in the moment.E. Their taste and nutritional content affect how we feel.F. Our memory for smell can be long-lasting and precise.G. After all, different cultures have different comfort foods.(3) A. Food is essential for our survival.

B. These associations can go the other way, too.C. We desire comfort foods when we feel lonely.D. It shapes how much we cnjoy them in the moment.E. Their taste and nutritional content affect how we feel.F. Our memory for smell can be long-lasting and precise.

G. After all, different cultures have different comfort foods.(4) A. Food is essential for our survival.

B. These associations can go the other way, too.C. We desire comfort foods when we feel lonely.D. It shapes how much we cnjoy them in the moment.E. Their taste and nutritional content affect how we feel.F. Our memory for smell can be long-lasting and precise.G. After all, different cultures have different comfort foods.(5) A. Food is essential for our survival.

B. These associations can go the other way, too.C. We desire comfort foods when we feel lonely.D. It shapes how much we cnjoy them in the moment.E. Their taste and nutritional content affect how we feel.F. Our memory for smell can be long-lasting and precise.G. After all, different cultures have different comfort foods.

三、第三部分 写作

10、1. What does \"nomophobia\" refer to?

2. Why did the author decide to give up her smartphone?

3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.According to the author, we will find it awkward to talk with a friend on the phone.

4. Apart from the ways mentioned in the passage, what can you do to avoid \"nomophobia\"? (In about 40 words)

11、　　假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校英语俱乐部将举办 \"最美唐诗译文\"

评选活动。作为活动负责人，请你用英文给外教Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他担任评委，内容包括:1.活动介绍;2.评委职责。注意:

1.词数100左右;

2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,Li Hua

1 、【正确答案】 (1) C;(2) D;(3) B;(4) B;(5) D;(6) B;(7) A;(8) D;(9) A;(10) C;

2 、【正确答案】 in;reached;yourself;

3 、【正确答案】 Eating;recommending;who;longer;

4 、【正确答案】 What;reviews;was observed;

5 、【正确答案】 (1) D;(2) D;(3) A;

6 、【正确答案】 (1) C;(2) A;(3) B;(4) B;

7 、【正确答案】 (1) D;

(2) B;(3) C;

8 、【正确答案】 (1) C;(2) D;(3) C;(4) A;

9 、【正确答案】 (1) E;(2) A;(3) G;(4) B;(5) D;

10 、【正确答案】 1. It refers to a feeling of anxiety or panic that we have when we temporarily can't find our smartphones.

2. Because she felt rapped by her smartphoned and her son asked her to give it up.

3. According to the author, TAL#NBSPwe will find it awkward to talk with a friend on the phone.According to the author, we will find ourselves more bonded to the friend when talking with him/her on the phone.4. 略;

11 、【正确答案】 Dear Jim.

　　This is Li Hua from English Club and I'm writing to invite you to be a judge for our upcoming activity themed \"Beautiful Translations of Tang Poetry\".

　　The event, which will start at the beginning of next term, aims to offer students an opportunity to show their competence in English and promote Chinese culture by translating Tang poetry into English.

As a judge, you will evaluate the entries based on tlueney, accuracy and literary technique, and select the top 5 translations.

　　Your deep interest in Tang Poetry and expertise in English will make you an ideal judge for this event. Would you like to join us? We're really looking forward to that.　　Best wishes.Yours,Li Hua;