2023-2024学年北京市东城区高三上学期期末统一测试英语试卷

2023-2024学年北京市东城区高三上学期期末统一测试英语试卷

When 19-year old Alice Dickinson found out her father had cancer, her _____ was a little different than you might expect. To honor her father, who she also describes as her best friend, she decided to start a book drive called For Love, _____ books for kids with cancer.

“It was very much an overnight idea,” she explains. “I posted a message on an app asking my

neighbors for used book donations. I was only expecting a few here and there, but the response was truly _____ and it was just the push I needed to co-exist with my sadness rather than letting it _____ me.”

“It was absolutely heartbreaking to watch my dad _____ cancer and see him lose a little bit of

himself each day, but the book drive allowed me to _____ a newfound sense of purpose mixed with an even greater sense of sympathy and desire to help others. I wanted to help _____. They’ve always held a soft spot in my heart.”

Using the _____ she earns from working at her parents’ bread shop, Alice has bought many books out of her own pocket. In addition, she receives donations through her online wishlist. Alice spent a whole summer driving around town, loading boxes of books into her car. “It was such a unique experience to know people had carried these books all their lives through generations, and they wanted to _____ them to my cause.”

The project has seen a huge ______, with For Love donating over 15,000 books and being widely recognized by the media. 1.

A．suffering 2.

A．writing 3.

A．appropriate 4.

A．excuse 5.

A．throw off 6.

A．evaluate 7.

A．kids

B．neighbors

C．friends

D．parents

B．develop

C．regain

D．provide

B．keep from

C．look into

D．go through

B．consume

C．dismiss

D．touch

B．incredible

C．familiar

D．immediate

B．promoting

C．reading

D．collecting

B．explanation

C．response

D．treatment

8.

A．credit 9.

A．gift 10.

A．market

B．profit

C．success

D．demand

B．lend

C．submit

D．mail

B．interest

C．awards

D．tips

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

My six-year-old daughter, Rona, listened attentively to the radio on the hardships people suffered 11 poor areas. It was the day after Rona’s birthday and her grandmother had given her some money. When the offering basket came around, Rona 12 (reach) into her pocket, pulled out her birthday money, and put it in the basket. “Your grandmother wanted you to use that to buy something nice for 13 (you),” I said. “I did,” Rona replied with a big smile. “I bought happiness.”

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Some people are living very long lives. What are some of their secrets to longevity? 14 (eat) the right food plays a big role. Exercise is also important. A study found that people who exercised at 15 (recommend) levels gained 3-4 years of life compared to those 16 were inactive. In addition, there is also a link between happiness and lifespan — happy people with a positive outlook on life tend to live 17 (long) and experience better health than their unhappy peers. 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A study shows 176 bird species have been found to build nests with human litter, such as plastic bags and fishing nets. 18 worries the scientists is that such materials can harm chicks and even adult birds. The study 19 (review) research covering almost 35,000 nests and finds that birds use human-made materials in nests on all continents except Antarctica. While such behaviour 20 (observe) as early as in the 1830s, in recent years it has undoubtedly increased.

Connected to each other like never before, young people today are becoming agents of change,

increasingly contributing to innovative solutions that improve people’s lives and the planet’s health. The United Nations Institute for Training and Research is therefore delighted to launch the Young Leaders Online Training Programme, a four-week e-Learning course, to provide participants with the knowledge and skills to fully unfold their potential as global leaders. ◆CONTENT

◇Online Learning Modules

Module 1: The United Nations (3-9 June 2024)

Module 2: Conference Diplomacy (外交) (10-16 June 2024)

Module 3: Sustainable Development Goals (17-23 June 2024) Module 4: International Communication (24-30 June 2024)

Each module will comprise about 30 pages of literature, external links, videos, and other relevant material, corresponding to a total workload of 40-45 hours during the four weeks. ◇Live Components

Each e-Learning module will go with a series of live meetings with UN experts. These will have varying lengths and formats, including e-workshops, mock (模拟的) interviews, etc. ◆COMPLETION REQUIREMENTS

Participants are qualified for a course certificate upon successful completion of the components below:

◇Reading the four modules’ content. You may wish to study the material through the interactive programme Articulate Storyline or simply download the PDF version of the content. They are identical in content and are meant to give participants flexibility in the way to study.

◇Participation in the discussion board forums (论坛). You are supposed to answer questions on every module in short texts. Your posts will be evaluated according to both quantity and quality. ◇Passing the multiple-choice assessments. Each module features an assessment quiz at its end. It contains 10 questions, and passing the module requires at least 8 out of 10 questions correctly answered.

21. What is the main aim of the course?

A．To improve the lives of young people. C．To collect innovative ideas from young people.

22. What will participants do in each module?

A．Read great works of literature. C．Make videos for the United Nations.

B．Spend 40-45 hours on learning. D．Have online meetings with UN experts. B．To connect the youth around the world. D．To build up the youth’s global leadership ability.

23. To get a course certificate, a participant needs to ______.

A．take part in the discussions C．copy the PDF version of the content

When I first heard about the improv(即兴表演) classes, I was torn. As an introvert, I feared getting on stage and improvising in front of strangers. However, I knew I wanted to work as a science communicator after finishing my Ph.D., so it seemed like the perfect opportunity to improve my speaking ability and gain confidence thinking on my feet.

During our first class, we learned a core concept of improv: “yes, and.” It means that, as

improvisers, we accept what fellow performers say. If someone says that rhinos(犀牛) are librarians,

B．post questions on each module D．answer all the test questions correctly

for example, then rhinos are librarians. We do not question the logic; we say “yes” and continue with the scene as if no him is wrong.

I got a taste of how difficult that was when acting out my first scene. My classmate turned to me and said, “Mom is going to be so mad.” Mad about what? My mind spun out ideas, and my inner critic shot them all down. We broke the car? No, that’s too easy. We failed a test? No, you don’t want your classmates thinking you’re stupid on the first day. I finally landed on an answer: “Yes, we’re going to be late for dinner.” The scene proceeded from there, and we eventually finished as two sisters who lost their way on a hiking trail.

The first few scenes were hard, but as weeks turned into months, I became more comfortable

thinking on my feet and even started to enjoy our classes. I never silenced my inner critic entirely, but over time, I didn’t police my words with quite so much effort. I also became better at listening, relating to my conversation partners, and communicating clearly in the moment.

That training proved useful 6 months ago, when my experiments generated unreasonable data. Early on in graduate school, I would get stuck when this happened; my inner critic would assume I had made a mistake. But then, after embracing the “yes, and” concept, instead of getting discouraged, I kept exploring the data and ended up identifying a new type of cell—one that wasn’t behaving as expected. If I hadn’t accepted the possibility that the results were real, I would have missed out on the most exciting finding of my Ph.D. so far.

All scientists can benefit from this lesson. If the data say rhinos are librarians, then it’s worth investigating whether rhinos are, in fact, librarians. Our job as scientists isn’t to generate data that support a preconceived(预想的) story. Our job is to say “yes, and.” 24. Why did the author take the improv classes?

A．To improve her logical mind. C．To develop her communication skills. 25. How did the author feel during the first scene?

A．Conflicted.

B．Bored.

C．Discouraged.

D．Embarrassed.

B．To finish her Ph. D. assignment. D．To pursue her interest in performance.

26. According to the author, in her experiments, “yes, and” helped her ______.

A．accept failures C．make up for a mistake 27. What can we learn from this passage?

A．The unknown can be an inspiration. C．The unfortunate can be a chance.

When we’re solving a complicated problem, we often gather a group to brainstorm. We’re looking to get the best ideas as quickly as possible. I love seeing it happen — except for one tiny wrinkle. Group brainstorming usually backfires.

B．The unexpected can be rewarding, D．The unusual can be decisive. B．make a new discovery D．correct unreasonable data

Extensive evidence shows that when we generate ideas together, we’re unlikely to maximize

collective intelligence. As the humourist John Smith said, “If you had to identify, in one word, the reason why the human race has not achieved, and never will achieve, its full potential, that word would be: ‘meetings’.” But the problem isn’t meetings themselves — it’s how we run them. Think about the brainstorming sessions you’ve attended. You’ve probably seen people bite their tongues due to ego threat (“I don’t want to look stupid.”), noise (“We can’t all talk at once.”), and conformity pressure (“Let’s all jump on the boss’s ship!”). Goodbye diversity of thought, hello groupthink.

To unearth the hidden potential in teams, instead of brainstorming, we’re better off shifting to a process called “brainwriting”. The initial steps are solo. You start by asking everyone to generate ideas separately. Next, you pool them and share them among the group. To preserve independent judgment, each member evaluates them on their own. Only then does the team come together to select and refine the most promising options. By developing and assessing ideas individually before choosing them, teams can surface and advance possibilities that might not get attention otherwise. Research by organizational behaviour scholar Anita Woolley and her colleagues helps to explain why this method works. They find that a key to collective intelligence is full and fair participation. In brainstorming meetings, it’s too easy for participation to become lopsided in favour of the biggest egos, the loudest voices, and the most powerful people. The brainwriting process makes sure that all ideas are brought to the table and all voice s are brought into the conversation. The goal isn’t to be the smartest person in the room — it’s to make the room smarter.

Collective intelligence begins with individual creativity. But it doesn’t end there. Individuals produce a greater volume and variety of novel ideas when they work alone. That means that they come up with more brilliant ideas than groups — but also more terrible ideas than groups. It takes collective judgment to find the signal in the noise and bring the best ideas to fruition. 28. Both John Smith and the author may agree that brainstorming meetings fail to ______.

A．assess humans potential C．accept possible good ideas

B．simplify problems quickly D．get the most out of individuals

29. What does the underlined word “lopsided” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean?

A．Informal.

B．Unbalanced.

C．Improper.

D．Unpleasant.

30. The author writes this passage mainly to ______.

A．challenge a conclusion C．advocate a practice

Scientists are poor forecasters of the future. But two trends can be confidently predicted. First, the world will get more crowded. There’ll be more than 9 billion people by 2050. Second, the world will get warmer and some governments won’t prioritise the long-term measures needed to deal with climate change, even though science offers us a roadmap to a low-carbon future.

B．make a comparison D．introduce a research

That’s why we should be promoters of new technology—without it the world can’t provide the food and sustainable energy needed for an expanding population. But we should also be cautious, as new technologies, such as AI, may be hard to control.

AI will undoubtedly become more intrusive in the future. Records of our movements, health and financial transactions will be stored in the cloud. The data may be used for justifiable reasons, such as protein folding and drug development, or to warn us of initial health risks, but its availability to Internet companies is already shifting the balance of power from governments to global-scale corporations.

Actually, it’s beyond Earth that AI has the most enormous potential. Humans may have established bases beyond Earth by the year 2100．But don’t ever expect mass emigration (移民) from Earth. It’s a false belief that space offers an escape from our problems. Dealing with climate change on Earth is a piece of cake compared to terraforming Mars.

Nevertheless, we should cheer on these brave human space adventurers. They’ll be ill-adapted to a Martian habitat, so they’ll have a super motive to redesign themselves. It’s they, not those of us adapted to life on Earth, who will pioneer the post-human era (时代).

If post-humans make the shift from flesh and blood to fully artificial intelligences, they won’t need an atmosphere of even gravity, so it’s in deep space — not even on Mars that non biological

“brains” may develop powers that we can’t imagine. They may end up being mentally different from us. AI could jump-start a huge emigration and thus even more complex intelligence spreads through the universe.

But let’s re focus from the science fiction of the far future. closer to the here and now. This century is special. It’s the first, in Earth’s 4.5-billion-year history where one species-ours—holds the

planet’s future in its hands. Our intelligence could initiate billions of years of post-human evolution (演化), even more amazing than that which led to us. On the other hand, humans could cause biological, environmental or cyber catastrophes that foreclose all this potential.

If science is to save us, we need to think globally, sensibly and long-term—empowered by science, but guided by values that science alone can’t provide.

31. Why does the author mention the two trends in the first paragraph?

A．To reply to governments’ decisions. C．To present a call for scientific advances. 32. According to this passage, AI can ______.

A．put an end to climate change C．speed up the competition in medical fields

B．make mass human emigration possible D．bring about potential threats from big companies

B．To show scientists’ prediction ability. D．To highlight the challenges to scientists.

33. As for the future, what does the author agree with?

A．Post-humans will repeat the history of humans. B．Complex intelligence will dominate the universe.

C．Fully artificial intelligences may inhabit outer space. D．Non-biological brains may invite unforeseen disasters. 34. Which would be the best title for the passage?

A．Could AI Save Us?

C．Arc Space Adventurers Pioneers?

The Science of Comfort Food

Certain foods always give us much pleasure. 35 However, much of the happiness we get from our favorite foods comes from the memories they bring to us and the people we’re with while we enjoy them.

36 That’s why our brains reward us for eating anything at all by releasing a chemical that enhances mood. But as anyone who’s ever eaten apple pie knows, sweets can make us feel especially nice. One study found that people who are especially sensitive to sweetness have stronger brain-reward responses to sugary foods than less sweet-sensitive people do.

Some foods are especially emotionally satisfying for reasons that have little to do with their taste or nutritional content, though. 37 And many favorite American comfort foods—chili, say—are not particularly sweet or high in carbohydrates (碳水化合物). Often we love food because we have fond memories associated with it. One dish I cannot live without at a New Year party is my mom’s Snowy Mashed Potatoes, which remind me of holiday joy and past reunions with extended family. 38 Sometimes you might feel sad when you eat foods that remind you of loved ones you miss. We may also avoid foods that we associate with bad experiences. I haven’t eaten cottage cheese since I was 8 years old, because it was the last thing I ate before rolling off the bed with a terrible stomachache.

In addition to past memories, the context in which we eat foods matters, too. 39 And our gustatory (味觉的) experiences can be heightened by “a sense of community, a sense of warmth and enjoying it together”. I appreciate my mum’s potatoes even more today when I eat them with my husband and two children.

A．Food is essential for our survival. B．These associations can go the other way, too. C．We desire comfort foods when we feel lonely. D．It shapes how much we enjoy them in the moment. E．Their taste and nutritional content affect how we feel. F．Our memory for smell can be long-lasting and precise. G．After all, different cultures have different comfort foods. 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。

B．Will Science Lead Evolution? D．Is Complex Intelligence Coming?

Smartphones have become a big part of people’s lives. When we temporarily can’t find them, it causes a feeling of anxiety or panic. Some psychologists have called it “nomophobia”. Thankfully, I rode through the withdrawal of my smartphone and it was short-lived.

When I got my first smartphone over a decade ago, I loved it. It gave me instant access to my music, a world of information and thousands of photos and videos. But over time, I became increasingly ambivalent about its role in my life. I would repeatedly refresh my email, shop online for stuff I didn’t need and constantly scroll through the latest news. I’d often complain to my husband and to my seven-year-old son, Louis, that I felt trapped by it.

Then, one day last summer, while I was playing with Louis, I was once again distracted by dings and pings. He finally reminded me of my complaints, but rephrased them as a plea: “Mommy, just give it up already!”

I decided to try. Instead of going cold turkey — no cellphone at all — I bought a flip phone. With no touch screen, texting is time-consuming. Once, while trying to catch up on texts with a friend, I finally got frustrated and called her. I realized I hadn’t spoken to her since her big move. It made a difference to hear both the excitement in her voice as she described seeing the northern lights and her sadness in being away from a sick parent.

Nowadays, people may prefer text-based communication over using the phone because they fear that the call will be awkward. But, just as I learned, when we were forced to connect voice to voice, we would find ourselves more bonded to that person.

Wuyou Sui, an expert researching digital health, describes nomophobia as a reliance that’s been placed upon us. “Whenever something is designed to make a choice easier, it’s called a behavioural nudge,” he explains, adding that the more central to our lives the smartphone’s functions are, the more prisoned we become.

Ultimately, though, that sense of dependence is false. As I’ve found, you can do all the things you need to do in other ways. It’s not always convenient, but I know I’m much calmer on a regular basis without my smartphone.

40. What does “nomophobia” refer to?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

41. Why did the author decide to give up her smartphone?

____________________________________________________________________________________

42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶According to the author, we will find it awkward to talk with a friend on the phone. ____________________________________________________________________________________

43. Apart from the ways mentioned in the passage, what can you do to avoid “nomophobia”? (In about 40 words)

____________________________________________________________________________________

44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校英语俱乐部将举办“最美唐诗译文”评选活动。作为活动负责人，请你用英文给外教Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他担任评委，内容包括： 1．活动介绍； 2．评委职责。

注意：1．词数100左右；

2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours, Li Hua