超实用高考英语专题复习：2021年高考语法填空真题 (思维导图+高考真题+变式训练)(原卷版)

2021高考真题变式训练（原卷版）

距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！

养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

【语法填空题思维导图】

【语法填空题真题再现一】

2021年全国卷甲

第二节 语法填空 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It 61 (build) originally to protect the city 62 the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible 63 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.

We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people

moving inside and outside the City Wall.

After (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 65 (good) than to ride on a piece of history!

We 66 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 67 did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 68 way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 69 (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 70 (day) routines.

【变式训练】 一、词类转换 1. survive 2. original

vt→n adj→adv

4. defence 5. equip 6. rent

n→adj vt→n n→adj

3. complete adj→adv 二、语法填空名词复习思路

7. supposed adj→adv

1.(2014·全国I) While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the ________ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.

2. (2014·辽宁) Unbelievable! Oh..., if you don’t mind, I’ll stop and take a deep ______ (breathe).

3.(2015·全国卷II) What makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ________(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.

4.(2016·全国I) Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists

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like me, pandas are its top________(attract).

5.(2016·全国II) Handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of _______ (achieve).

6.(2016·全国II) Recent________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. 7.(2016·全国III) Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the (develop) of chopsticks.

8. (2017·全国I) This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart disease.

9.(2017·全国II)This development was only possible with the (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. 10.(2017·全国III) She is determined to carry on with her (educate). 11.(2017·全国III) She has turned down several (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.

12.(2018·全国I) Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _______ (cause).

13.(2018·全国II) This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.

14.(2018·全国III)My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. 15.(2018·浙江) Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese ______ (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.

16.(2019·全国I)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a (believe) that populations are increasing.

17.(2019·全国III)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.

18.(2019·北京)No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various ________ (activity) on Earth Day. 19.(2019·浙江) Other American studies showed no ________ (connect) between uniforms and school performance. 20.(2020•全国II) Chinese New Year is a __________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.

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21.(2021•全国乙) It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas,… and often provides money for conservation and benefits the __________(develop) of the local areas.

22.(2021•浙江6月) In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ________ (marry) ceremony in 1842.

23.(2019·全国II) But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's ___________ (wonder).

24.(2019·全国III) They also shared with us many (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.

25.(2019·浙江) School uniforms are ________(tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. 26.(2019·北京) Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and ______ (meaning) college experience. 27.(2020•北京) Oliver says if you're _________ (luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them if you can join in when it's possible.

28. (2020•山东)In the 18th and 19th centuries, _________(wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.

29.(2021•全国甲) Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their _________ (day) routines. 30. (2021•全国乙)Provide _________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.

31.( 2021•全国新高考I) Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure that offers a place where you can sit down to rest your _________ (ache) legs.

32.( 2021•全国新高考II) I told him how _________ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.

【语法填空题真题再现二】

2021年全国卷乙

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当

单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional

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tourism because it allows the traveler to become 61 (educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 62 (develop) of the local areas.

Ecotourism has 63 (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.

Due to 65 growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 66 trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:

●Minimize the impact of 67 (visit) the place.

●Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices. ●Provide 68 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.

●Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.

Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 69 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim 70 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.

【变式训练】 一、词类转换 1. common 2. tour

adj→adv vt→n

3. complete adj→adv 4. geography n→adj 5. conserve vt→n 6. develop

vt→n

7. environment n→adj 8. wide 9. aware

adj→adv adj→n

10. desire n→adj 11. popular adj→n 12. culture n→adj 13. finance n→adj 14. accommodate vt→n

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二、until四大句式

肯定句式：延续性动词+until… 否定句式：not/never/hardly..until… 倒装句式：Not until… 强调句式: It was not until…that… 1. (2021全国乙卷)It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ______________ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.

2. (2013福建改编)Not until he went through real hardship ______________he realize the love we have for our families is important.

3. (2012辽宁改编)Not until he retired from teaching three years ago ______________he consider having a holiday abroad.

4. (2012春﹒上海)It was not until 1920 ______________American women had the chance to vote in national elections. 5. It was not until I came here ______________ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.

6. It was not until she collected enough material ______________ she began to create her new novel. 7. The offer will remain open ______________ further notice. 8. Let's wait patiently ______________ the rain stops.

【语法填空题真题再现三】

2021年全国新高考卷I

第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. 56 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 57 (human) are.

The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 58 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 57 (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 60 (astonish).

What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 63 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your (ache)

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legs.

As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 65 (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 65 must to visit!

【语法填空题真题再现四】

2021年全国新高考卷II

第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

I've always loved the ocean. In the____36____ (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ____37____ (think) it is food. I decided to do something ____38____ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company____39____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.

One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管）. I found the contact information of the company____40____ emailed its president. I told him how ____41____ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so____42____ (excite) when he wrote back to me. He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.

I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ____43____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company ____44____ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _____45_____ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.

【语法填空题真题再现五】

2021年北京卷

A

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Why do we dream? Scientists aren't completely sure, and they have diverse 11 (idea). Dreams might be a side effect of memory making. When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything 12 happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. As it 13 (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream. 【参】

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11. ideas 12. that 13. connects

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了我们为什么会做梦的原因。 【完整解析】

11. ideas。考查可数名词的数。句意：科学家们还不能完全确定，他们有不同的想法。diverse“不同的，多种多样的”，形容词作定语，后接可数名词复数；idea想法，可数名词。故填ideas。

12. that。考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。

13. connects。考查时态。句意：当它连接事物时，你的大脑将它们变成一个故事，然后你就得到了一个梦。由主句谓语动词turns可知，空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数it，所以空处谓语动词需用单数。故填connects。

B

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Sam is an in-real-life streamer(播主), and he live streams himself just going about his day. While riding his bike home 14 a cold night, he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself. The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about 15 she lived. Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could 16 (safe) wait for the police to take her home.

C

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

There 17 (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, 18 (cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, 19 (result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss. Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need 20 (invest) in disaster prevention.

【语法填空题真题再现六】

2021年浙江卷6月

It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 56 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 57

优点英语

$1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 58 (marry) ceremony in 1842.

When the house was built, it was much 59 (small) than it is today. Mary’s niece wrote, \"The little home 60 (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 61 (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.

Although Mary loved flowers, 62 she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 63 (plant) flowers in the front yard.

Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 65 (sell) most of their furniture.

【语法填空题真题再现七】 2021年浙江卷1月

In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 56 that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.

BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 57 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 58 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 59 (consider) healthy.

The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 60 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain 61 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 62 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 63 (sharp) .

This may be due to some disadvantages for people (live) in the countryside, including 65 (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.

高考质量提升是一项系统工程，涉及到多个方面、各个维度，关键是要抓住重点、以点带面、

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全面突破，收到事半功倍的效果。

一、备考策略务必精准

高三备考的不同阶段，目标和任务各不相同，就像打仗一样，攻克不同的山头有不同的打法，只有抓住要领，才能打赢主动仗。一是细化“作战地图”。从现在到一模考试前，主要任务是过课本、串教材，把基础知识再夯实，为专题复习奠定坚实基础。各学科组教师要认真学习新课程、新课标、《中国考试评价体系及说明》和近三年高考原题，把高考考点和试题变化点做成“作战地图”，平时考试、练习要对照“作战地图”进行选题，并在“作战地图”上一一标注，确保考点训练无死角、考点覆盖无遗漏。二是组织集体攻坚。发挥学科组集体备考的优势，学科组内任务分解、责任到人，每次考试变式训练的预测由组长把关。学科组坚持“一课一研”、“一考一研”，新老教师步调一致，节奏有序，充分发挥分工协作的集体教研智慧。三是找准学科增分点。认真研究本省、本市、本校近年来的高考数据，细化到每一个知识点的得失分情况，找准突破点和增分点，有目的进行专项训练和突破提升。英语的阅读理解和小作文、语文的古文分析和作文、理科的做题速度、文科的答题思路等，都要制定详细的训练方案和突破的方法策略，在实践中调整提升，打破制约瓶颈，找到质量提升的突破口。

二、课堂教学务必高效。课堂是教育教学是主阵地。高三年级教学时间紧，教学任务重，更要切实发挥课堂40分钟的作用。一是上好微专题课。春节前后，一轮复习进入后期，学生不会的知识点逐步浮出水面。这些薄弱知识点如果解决不好，将直接影响到二轮复习的效果。高三年级要围绕浮现出来的问题，上好微专题或微微专题课，针对某一个点或几个点精讲、讲透，触类旁通。微专题课怎么上？可以针对学生不会的问题，每节课重点解决1-2个知识点，专题强调，专点训练，不贪多，顺一个点“追祖宗八代”，剖析透!微微专题，则更精、更准、更小、更有效，可以一节课只讲一道题，但是要把这一道题挖深、挖透，讲透一个会一类，做会一题能举一反三。二是上好试卷讲评课。试卷讲评课是高三的主打课型，必须切实收到实效。首先，要精确掌握考情。考试不过夜，打铁要趁热，每次考试以后，要对班级考试情况了如指掌，充分了解易错点、易考点，这样讲评时，才能有所侧重，才能有针对性地攻克重难点。其次，要规范讲评流程。针对错误率高或重点

优点英语

考察的试题，教师引导出方法思路；再由学生个人进行自评自纠，小组讨论展示，找出得分原因和失分原因，真正弄清楚解题思路。师生合作再对解题思路进行再归纳总结，写到纸上记录下来，强化验证结果。三是克服“漏斗思维”。所谓“漏斗思维”，就是：今天正在学，突然有事不继续了，明天已经忘记一大部分，后天想起来，继续学，但是忘记的一大部分似乎又需要重新开始，周而复始，积累数月，结果是仅仅只有一点点的内容，而且是在同一个地方循环往复。对于常错、常考的知识点，要经常复习，要不就如同漏斗一样慢慢溜掉。尤其是对于已经进行过的专题训练、变式训练，不能认为进行过一次、两次就万事大吉，要每隔2周进行“回头看”，把学生的易错题重新编辑，归类整理后附上分析讲解印发给学生，克服漏斗思维，反复夯实专题训练的知识点。

三、学生训练务必得法。教师的教学能力最终要转化为学生的学习能力，对高三学生而言，就是要通过训练转化为学生的答题能力。一是严格限时训练。限时训练就是让学生在规定时间内做完训练题目，既训练速度，又锻炼准确度。限时训练可短可长，可以是课前十分钟，可以是一节课，但必须坚决做到即练即评，长期坚持，通过教师评阅提升学生答题速度和效度，做到日日清，周周清，月月清，适应高考临场答题要求。二是严格规范答题。要认真研究高考原题和高，根据学生的答题情况认真进行比对。要把学生在考试时的原生态答卷原汁原味地展示出来，再让学生自己对照答案进行打分、评价，找出与标准答案的差距，小组内相互交流、讨论，制定答题标准模板，保证将来一分不丢。三是突出变式训练。对于临界生的典型错题或遗漏知识点，要进行变式训练，一题多变进行训练，把错题作为“母题”，至少进行一题五变以上，让学生写出每道题的解题思路，最后总结出此类变式的特点和解题入手点。教师必须要把变式训练当做作业认真批改，带领学生共同验证解题思路，形成答题的基本思路。四是落实“作业自助餐”。对学生要进行分类指导，不能一刀切，尤其是对于清北临界生和一本临界生，学校应高度重视临界生转化工作。要把握好临界生的学科短板，制定好辅导、转化和提升的具体措施，要实行面批面改，落实“作业自助餐”。针对不同的高频错题，由教师分别设置变式训练题，也就是A错题出至少5道变式训练，印刷；B错题再出5道变式训练，印刷；C错题也出5道变式训练，印刷；学生可以根据自己的错题，自主领取对应的变式训练题，通过针对性训练补齐学科或知识短板，提升整体备

优点英语

考效益。五是强化精神激励。高三学生学习任务重，压力大，师生缺乏必要交流，学生容易出现心理焦虑、缺乏归属感等心理问题。为此，要对高三年级学生多鼓励，多表扬。大人总想听好听话，学生也是如此，越是鼓励越有劲，因老师的一句话、一个眼神而改变一生命运的事例不胜枚举。教师要不吝赞美，从情绪上、从情感上调动学生学习积极性。

高考前30天冲刺复习方法：

英语

一、英语听力：要坚持每天听1、调整并保持听力状态很重要。建议考前，考生要保持每天20分钟的听力练习量。

2、真题最好反复演练。最后的30天，主要应该听去年各省市的高考听力试题和仿真度比较高的今年各市一模、二模试题。

3、听写训练。做一些真题的听写训练。基本方法，先整体听一遍，然后听一句写一句，坚持听写完为止，然后再对照原文，检查自己错在哪里。另外值得一提的是，在正式考试中，做完所有听力20道选择题后，一般来说，没有百分之百的把握，不要轻易改动第一次做好的答案。据统计，第一次选择往往比改动后的选择更可靠。

二、词汇语法：坚持每天复习一部分

在单项选择题上，适当做题是必要的，但不要采用题海战术。匀些时间看以前的听课笔记、讲义、以前做错的题目(错题集)也是复习该题型很好的方法。尤其要把做过的一些题，特别是错题，反复地看，同时简单的题要总结规律，难题记死记牢即可。要重视语境题、时态题、动词短语相关的单选题。

关于语法，最近几年的高考在淡化语法，但并不是完全不考，而是以交际的方式考查，所以复习语法专题的同时要注意交际方面的问题，要特别注意从语境和语意中来解决语法问题。语法重点要掌握时态、非谓语动词以及定语从句三大块的内容。

三、完形填空：每天要保证做一篇1、培养语感。如何来培养语感呢？这里给同学们提一个成功学生使用过的、正确提高语感的方法：把去年的所有完形填空题正确答案填上，然后大声朗读，不要求背诵但是至少要能做到熟练朗读。在朗读中，慢慢领悟。

优点英语

2、坚持训练。每天要保证做一篇，这是量上的一个要求。还要把做错的做出标记，重点记忆。应重视文章的整体性和逻辑性。完形填空的过程就是由已知信息推出未知信息的过程。 四、阅读理解：重中之重

阅读理解是高考的重头戏，提高成绩，阅读理解是关键。考试临近也要坚持阅读。与其陷入题海，不如抽出20-30分钟阅读英文篇章。

1、阅读训练不停歇。在冲刺阶段，应多进行一些限时训练，通常每五篇阅读材料作为一组，在35到40分钟里完成。这样既可以保证考场上充沛的阅读精力和体力，又可以营造考试的氛围，还提高了阅读速度。 2、阅读文章要复习。提倡在复习阅读的过程中对三点进行注意：单词、语法点以及复杂句。平时的阅读复习，在做完题目后要坚持每天读过几篇后，认真分析1-2篇。

3、把过去老出现错误的归纳一下，看哪类题自己容易错，重点对付该类题。需要注意的是读文章应力求题材多样化，科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等，但如果生词太多，影响理解或过于难懂的文章，则不应花更多的时间。

五、对话填空，认真练习应该比短文改错更容易拿分

对话填空要填写的十个单词本身不会太难拼写，不会超过2000单词表，所以虽然是新题型也不必恐惧。其实质上也是一种完形填空题，解题关键是要对所给的对话有一个整体把握，通读全篇对话，弄清谈话的语境及内容。

六、作文：考前至少精练10篇

重点背一些连词和英语固定表达的句型，以及常用的短语和有特点的动词词组。在写作的时候可以采用一些写作的套路。每次写作前问自己四个问题：这篇文章的体裁格式是怎样的？主体时态用什么时态？人称用第几人称？可以分几段，之间用什么过渡词、连接词？带着这四个问题去审题，搞清楚文章的主要内容，然后列出提纲。最后丰富自己的提纲就可以了。