五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练 专题02 人物故事类Word版含解析

专题02人物故事类

人物故事类的文章体裁一般是记叙文，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。命题以细节为主，推理为辅。主要向读者介绍科学家、文学家、思想家、政治家、企业家以及影视、体育明星等杰出人物，尤其重视介绍这些杰出人物在各自领域所取得的重大成就，如何克服身体残缺、自然环境和社会环境所造成的困难取得的成功等。文章一般会歌颂他们在为人类作出巨大贡献的同时，也为自己的事业谱写出了精彩的篇章。

命题方式

考点一 细节事实理解

一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。

细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。 此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问： 1.Which of the following statements is(not) true/correct? 2.Which of the following is not mentioned? 3.All of the following are true except...

4.According to the passage, when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...？ 1.直接事实题

在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 如：

A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S. This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.

This huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road, which is on the top of the dam. This dam is so big that there is an elevator

inside. The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom. There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco. Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.

This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States. Hoover Dam, one of the highest dams in the world, is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada. Q：Hoover Dam lies______ . A. between Arizona and Nevada B. in the Black Canyon

C. between New York and San Francisco D. both A and B

【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。 2.间接事实题

解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。 Invited by Mr. Ye Huixian, host of the well-received TV programme ＂Stars Tonight＂，Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991, appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday. Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old, Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline for seven years. However, it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station.

＂It’s really a hard job for me. I won’t enter for such competition any more. Anyhow, I am quite lucky. I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title. This time, in Shanghai, I’d love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，＂said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.

Q：Which of the following is NOT true? A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.

B. Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents. C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.

D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.

3. 数据推算。

If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time, you will save_______ . A. $100

B.$300

C.$350

D.$400

这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时： 1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。

2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。 3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。 考点二 主题理解或写作意图推断 一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容 1.短文的标题（title,headline）； 2.短文或段落的主题（subject）； 3.中心思想(main idea)； 4.作者的写作目的(purpose)。二、此类题的设问方式

1.What would be the best title for the text? 2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? 3.What is the passage mainly about?

4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is__________. 考点三 推理推断

推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。

此类题的设问常常包括infer, imply, suggest, conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有： 1.We can infer from the Passage that__________. 2.What can be inferred from the Passage?

3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage? 4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________.

5.The author suggests in this paragraph that__________. 6.The writer implies that__________. 7.It can be inferred that__________.

8.It can be concluded from the Passage that__________. 9.On the whole, we can conclude that__________. 10.From the text we can conclude that__________.

11.After reading the Passage we may conclude that__________. 12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage? 13.The author is inclined to think that__________.

14.When the writer talks about, what he really means is that__________. 15.What’s the writer’s attitude/feeling towards...? 16.In the writer’s opinion,... 考点四 词义、句义猜测。

词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。 此类题的设问方式主要有

1.The word ＂...＂in Line...means/can be replaced by... 2.As used in the passage, the phrase ＂...＂suggests...

3.From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase ＂...＂ is/referred to... 4.The word ＂...＂ is closest in meaning to...

猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会＂顺藤摸瓜＂，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。 1.定义法。如：

Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即 ＂退火＂。

It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is,it will break easily. 从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是＂脆＂的意思。

The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为＂牧人＂。

2.同位法。如：

They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle,a large building in old times. 同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即＂城堡＂。 We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 A. m.—this week. 两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是＂夜班＂的意思。 3.对比法。如：

She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是＂她今天第一节上了一半才来＂，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向＂准时＂的结论。 4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如：

Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred? possibility 是 possible的同根名词，据此可以判断定possibility 意思是＂可能性＂。 5.因果法。如：

The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.

从后面的结果＂永远不能再运动＂中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为＂永远的，永久＂。

故事类文章是高考阅读理解常选材料之一。这类文章常通过叙述突出人物性格特征或讲述个人经历与感悟，以及逸闻趣事。文章的要素有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。

1、高考选用的此类文章常常为幽默类或情感类故事，其目的或阐明某种观点，或抨击某种陋习，或赞扬某种品德，所以要关注作者表达的个人感悟，提出的个人意见，或故事中出其不意的变化，而这些往往体现文章中心或写作意图，属于必考点。

2、该类文章语言流畅、有趣，命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。这类文章同学们常有文章易懂，题目不易做的感觉。要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上停留太久，耽误时间。 3、对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。

【典例剖析】

Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)

Natalie Doan,14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.

On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridge closed.

When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.

In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.

“My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says. “but I can always choose how I deal with it.” Natalie’s choice was to help.

She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick’s collection was replaced.

In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.

Today, the scars(创痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.” 59.When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane ,she found______.

A. some friends had lost their lives B. her neighborhood was destroyed C. her school had moved to Brooklyn D. the elderly were free from suffering

60.According to paragraph4,who inspired Natalie most? A. The people helping Rockaway rebuild B. The people trapped in high rise building C. The volunteers donating money to survivors

D. Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people 61.How did Natalie help the survivors? A. She gave her toys to the kids B. She took care of younger children C. She called on the White House to help D. She built an information sharing platform 62.What does the story intend to tell us? A. Little people can make a big difference B.A friend in need is a friend indeed C. East or West, home is best D. Technology is power

【文章大意】Natalie是一个14岁的孩子，她生活的地方Brooklyn遭到了飓风桑迪的袭击，受灾严重。看到人们在帮助家乡重建，Natalie也加入了进去，Natalie创建网站来分享求助信息，帮助捐赠者找到需要的受助者。Natalie的行为得到了社会的认可和表扬。

60.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway

recover inspired Natalie.”可知，那些帮助Rockaway恢复重建的人给了Natalie鼓舞，故选A。 61.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“She created a website page matching survivors in need

with donors who wanted to help.”可知，Natalie创建了一个网站来分享和匹配求助信息和捐赠

信息，故选D。

62.A 【解析】写作意图题。根据倒数第二段“Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she

was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.”可知，Natalie的助人行为得到了社会的认可和赞扬，说明小人物也可以有大作为，故选A。

Passage 1（2018年新课标卷III）

体裁 记叙文 话题 中国建筑设计师王澍 词数 难度 建议时间 5分钟 372 ★★☆☆☆ While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.

Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture — on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.

Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.

The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.

Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).

Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao

Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.

Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. \"That is only evidence that traditions once existed,\" he said.

\"Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created, \" he said.

\"Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are, \" said Wang.

The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.

28. Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are ___________. A. following the latest world trend B. getting international recognition C. working harder than ever before D. relying on foreign architects

29. What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most? A. Its hilly environment. C. Its unique style.

B. Its large size.

D. Its diverse functions.

30. What made Wang’s architectural design a success? A. The mixture of different shapes. B. The balance of East and West. C. The use of popular techniques. D. The harmony of old and new.

31. What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang? A. Spread them to the world. C. Teach them in universities.

B. Preserve them at museums.

D. Recreate them in practice.

【文章大意】文章主要介绍了中国建筑设计师王澍在其作品中融合中国传统建筑文化，获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖——普利策奖，这让中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。

28.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，王澍获得2012年普利策奖，而普利策奖相当于

建筑界的诺贝尔奖，他是第一个获此奖的中国人，故推知中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。故B项正确。

31.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段和倒数第三段中In fact, tradition also refers to the

things that have been developing and that are still being created可知，传统的研究要与实践相结合，在实践中进行再创造，否则就会是人工的和空的，故D正确。

Passage 2（2018年北京卷）

体裁 记叙文 话题 自己第一次跑马拉松，凭借自己的意志力成功跑完全程 My First Marathon（马拉松）

A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.

I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was ＂not athletic＂.

The idea that I was ＂not athletic＂ stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!

The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.

Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!

At mile 3, I passed a sign: ＂GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!＂

By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.

By mile 21, I was starving!

词数 难度 建议时间 5分钟 338 ★★☆☆☆

As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.

I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.

Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a ＂marathon winner＂.

36. A month before the marathon, the author ____________. A. was well trained

B. felt scared

D. lost hope

C. made up his mind to run

37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year? A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher. B. To amuse the readers with a funny story. C. To show he was not talented in sports. D. To share a precious memory.

38. How was the author’s first marathon? A. He made it.

B. He quit halfway.

C. He got the first prize.

D. He walked to the end.

39. What does the story mainly tell us?

A. A man owes his success to his family support. B. A winner is one with a great effort of will. C. Failure is the mother of success. D. One is never too old to learn.

【文章大意】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了自己第一次跑马拉松，凭借自己的意志力成功跑完全程的励志故事。

38.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第10段I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished!

And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had. 可知，作者坚持到了最后，而且得到了一块奖牌，虽然不是第一名，由此可见他成功地跑完了马拉松。故选A。

39.B 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段Determined

to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a ＂marathon winner＂. 可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的意志。故选B。

Passage 3（2018年浙江卷）

体裁 记叙文 话题 Charles Dickens在英国小说方面的重要贡献和深远影响 In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.

In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim— were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.

How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature

词数 难度 建议时间 5分钟 324 ★★☆☆☆ is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important

for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one. 21. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century? A. They were difficult to understand. B. They were popular among the rich. C. They were seen as nearly worthless. D. They were written mostly by women.

22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________. A. his reputation in France B. his interest in modern art C. his success in publication D. his importance in literature

23. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To remember a great writer. B. To introduce an English novel. C. To encourage studies on culture. D. To promote values of the Victorian age.

【文章大意】本文写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕，介绍了Charles Dickens在英国小说方面的重要贡献和深远影响。

21.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段对当时情况的描写nobody wanted to do it professionally. The

steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字）rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors... Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.印刷技术落后，人们识字率低，作品上没有作者名字，小说被认为是愚蠢的不正常的，毫无价值可言。故选C。

23.A 【解析】写作意图题。根据文中对Charles Dickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写，和文

章最后But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.可知本文是写于Charles

Dickens诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。故选A。

Passage 4（2017年新课标卷II）

体裁 记叙文 深厚友情 话题 词数 291 难度 ★★☆☆☆ 建议时间 6分钟 I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film —

it wanted somebody as well known as Paul — he stood up for me. I don’t know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.

The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft（技艺）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other— but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core（核心）of our relationship off the screen.

We shared the brief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back— he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.

I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words.

24.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first? A. Paul Newman wanted it.

B. The studio powers didn’t like his agent. C. He wasn’t famous enough.

D. The director recommended someone else.

25.Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?

A. They were of the same age. B. They worked in the same theater. C. They were both good actors. D. They have similar characteristics.

26.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Their belief.

B. Their care for children. C. Their success.

D. Their support for each other.

27.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To show his love of films. B. To remember a friend. C. To introduce a new movie. D. To share his acting experience.

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者与Paul Newman之间的深厚友情。当制片人不想让我参演电影时，Paul Newman站出来为我说话，两人因此而建立了深厚的友谊。在此后的很多年里，两人一直相互扶持，相互鼓励，因此两人的深厚友情维系了很多年。

24.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据“When the studio didn’t want me for the film— it wanted somebody as well

known as Paul”可知，作者当时还不是很有名。故选C。

26.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据“We shared the brief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should

put something back”，我们都有这个信仰：如果你有幸获得成功，你应该有所回馈。下文“he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival”是作者举的例子，因此“sharing that brought us together.”that指代前面提到的信仰。故选A。

27.B 【解析】写作意图题。根据“I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and

I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it”可知Paul已经去世了，再结合前文“I first met Paul Newman in 1968”，可推断作者非常怀念这位朋友。故选B。

Passage 5(2016·全国新课标I，C)

体裁 记叙文 话题 人们之间的友爱 词数 261 难度 ★★☆☆☆ 建议时间 6分钟 I am peter Hodes , a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, I’ve done trips of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time.

I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: ＂Well, I’m really sorry, I’ve got some bad news for you-there are no fights from Washington.＂ So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: ＂In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please, please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.＂ She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for mere-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.

For this courier job, you’re consciously aware than that box you’re got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.

29.Which of the following can replace the underlined word ＂courier＂ in Paragraph1？ A provider C collector

B delivery man D medical doctor

30.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours?

A. He cannot stay away from his job too long. B. The donor can only wait for that long. C. The operation needs that very much. D. The ice won’t last any longer.

31.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first? A. To London C. To Providence

B. To Newark

D. To Washington

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历，表现了人们之间的友爱。

30. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box

because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last.可知冰盒只能保持42小时适宜的温度。故选D 。

31.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段末句 She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held

for me, re-routed me through Newark 可知，这位好心的女士首先安排作者去Newark的航班。故选 B。

Passage 6(2016·全国新课标I，A)

体裁 记叙文 话题 几位著名的女性 词数 294 难度 ★★☆☆☆ 建议时间 6分钟 You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?

Jane Addams(1860-1935)

Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Rachel Carson(1907-19)

If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans. Sandra Day O’Connor(1930-present)

When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she

could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. Rosa Parks(1913-2005)

On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. ＂The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,＂ said Parks. 21. What is Jane Addams noted for in history?

A. Her social work.

B. Her teaching skills.

D. Her community background.

C. Her efforts to win a prize.

22. What was the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm?

A. Her lack of proper training in law. B. Her little work experience in court. C. The discrimination against women. D. The poor financial conditions.

23. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?

A. Jane Addams.

B. Rachel Carson.

D. Rosa Park.

C. Sandra Day O’Connor.

24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?

A. They are highly educated. C. They are pioneers.

B. They are truly creative. D. They are peace-lovers.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几位著名的女性，她们在各自的领域做出了非凡的贡献。

23. D【解析】细节理解题。根据末段倒数第二句中and kicked off the civil-rights movement可知，

Rosa Parks对民权运动做出了贡献。故选D。

24. C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章对这几个人物的介绍可知，这些女性都是在各自的领域为社会做出贡

献的先驱。故选C。

Passage 1

体裁 记叙文 话题 “我”的女儿Kelly 词数 379 难度 ★★☆☆☆ 建议时间 6分钟 My daughter Kelly is a cautious person. She needs to warm up situations, and is hesitant to try new things. When with close friends, she becomes a leader who laughs loudly and chants. “Girls rule, boys drool.” But when that comfort zone is not around her, she is shy and nervous. This has been challenging for me at times. “Shy” is not a word that I think has ever been used to describe me. But this has been year of firsts for my girl that has filled her with a new sense of confidence. This year she moved to lap lane in swimming where she was preparing for a swim team. This year she learned to ride a bike without training wheels. And this year she completed her first kids’ triathlon（三项全能）.

On Saturday, with a thunderstorm coming soon and my son’s birthday party later in the day, we all went out in the dark of the morning for Kelly to participate in her first triathlon. We practiced transitions from swim to bike to run with her, we got all the equipment she’d need, and we kept talking about the race. But as we waited the two hours for the older kids to finish before her turn, she held my leg a little harder and told me she loved me a few too many times. She was nervous but trying to keep it together.

And then it was her turn. From the second she jumped into the water, my heart soared. My daughter transformed into the most confident human being I had ever seen. She dominated that swim, crushed that bike ride and ran to the finish with the biggest smile on her face.

I can honestly say that I never felt so proud of someone in my entire life. It wasn’t because she did a sport or anything like that. It was because she was afraid of something and conquered that fear with confidence and a fire I hadn’t seen before.

All day I would find myself just looking over at her and smiling. She might be wearing the finalist medal but I felt like I won that day. I won the chance to see my girl shine. Shine on, sweet baby.

1.Kelly is nervous when ________.

A. boys are around her B. she changes into a leader C. she is away from her mom D. situations are new to her

2.We can learn from Paragraph 3 that______. A. the race began in the early morning B. Kelly was eager for her turn in the race C. the whole family gave Kelly support D. her brother’s birthday party was delayed.

3.In the ending paragraphs the author “felt like I won that day” because Kelly________. A. Took part in the sport B. Expressed love to her C. Won the gold medal D. Changed completely

4.What kind of person do you think Kelly is? A. Timid and determined B. Cute and confident C. Fearful and energetic D. Sociable and brave

【文章大意】本文讲述了“我”的女儿Kelly是个慢热型的人，和陌生人在一起她会很紧张很害羞，看到女儿赢得奖牌是作为父母最大的荣耀。

1.D 【解析】考查文章细节理解，根据文章中第一段所描述的She needs to warm up to situations，is

hesitant to try new things以及But when that comfort zone is not around her，she is shy and nervous.，可知Kelly是一个慢热型的人，如果有新的情况，必然需要一段较长的时间适应，故选D。

3.D 【解析】考查文章细节理解，根据文章第五段中的It was because she was afraid of something and

conquered that fear with confidence and a fire I hadn’t seen before以及第六段中的 I felt

like I won that day，可知她已经克服了她的恐惧了，故选D。

4.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句when that comfort zone is not around her, she is shy

and nervous.和倒数第二段最后一句It was because she was afraid of something and conquered that fear with confidence and a fire I hadn’t seen before.由此可知Kelly有点害羞，又意志坚定。故选A。

Passage 2

体裁 记叙文 话题 追寻前人足迹的探险 词数 348 难度 ★★☆☆☆ 建议时间 6分钟 Grey clouds move as low as smoke over the treetops at Lolo Pass. The ground is white. The day is June 10.It has been snowing for the past four days in the Bitterroot Mountains. Wayne Fairchild is getting worried about our trek over the Lolo Trail-95 miles from Lolo Montana to Weippe in Idaho, across the roughest country in the West. Lewis and Clark were nearly defeated 200 years ago by snowstorms on the Lolo. Today Fairchild is nervously checking the weather reports. He has agreed to take me across the toughest, middle section of the trail.

When Lewis climbed on top of Lemhi Pass,140 miles south of Missoula, on Aug.12,1805,he was astonished by what was in front of him; ＂high mountain chains still to the West of us with their tops partially covered with snow.＂ Nobody in what was then the US knew the Rocky Mountains existed, with peaks twice as high as anything in the Appalachians back East.

Today their pathway through those mountains holds more attraction than any other ground over which they traveled, for its raw wilderness is an evidence to the character of two cultures: the explorers who braved its hardships and the Native Americans who prize and conserve the path as a sacred (神圣的)gift. It remains today the same condition as when Lewis and Clark walked it.

The Lolo is passable only from July to mid-September. Our luck is holding with the weather, although the snow keeps getting deeper. As we climb to Indian Post Office, the highest point on the trail at 7,033 ft, we have covered 13 miles in soft snow, and we hardly have enough energy to make dinner. After a meal of chicken, I sit on a rock on top of the ridge (山脊）.There is no light visible in any direction, not even another campfire. For four days we do not see another human being. We are occupied with the things that mix fear with joy. In our imagination we have finally caught up with Lewis and Clark.

1. We learn from the text that before 1805 .

A. The Rocky Mountains were wholly covered with snow

B. there were no people living in the western part of America C.no Americans knew of the existence of the Rocky Mountains D. the Appalachians were the western frontier of the United States 2.We learn from the text that the Lolo Pass . A. has changed a lot since 1805 B.is the meeting point of three cultures

C. remains much the same as it was 200 years ago D. now attracts a large number of tourists to visit

3.Judging from the text, Lewis and Clark were most probably . A. two native Indians

B. explorers of the early 19th century C. merchants who did business with the Indians

D. travelers whose curiosity took them over the Lolo Pass

4.We can infer from the text that when crossing the Lolo Pass the author . A. was attempting the impossible B. was trying to set a world record

C. was following the trail of Lewis and Clark

D. was fighting with weather and taking unnecessary risks

【文章大意】本文纪录的是一次追寻前人足迹的探险，尽管天气、路程等的艰难，但是在作者看来却是已经赶上了以前的探险者。

3.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章的描述，以及第三段the explorers who braved its hardships and the

Native Americans who prize and conserve the path as a sacred的提示可知，他们是探险者，故选B。

4.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的描述可知，作者他们是沿着Lewis and Clark的足迹进行探险的。

Passage 3

体裁 记叙文 话题 Jean Harper在英语老师的鼓励下，实现了当飞行员的梦想 In 1959, when Jean Harper was in the third grade, her teacher gave the class an assignment to write a report on what they wanted to be when they grew up.

Jean’s father was a crop dusting pilot in the little farming community in Northern California where she was raised, and Jean was very interested in airplanes and flying. She poured her heart into her report and included all of her dreams. She wanted to be a crop dusting pilot, make parachute jumps(跳伞), and be an airline pilot. Her paper came back with an \"F\" on it. The teacher told her it was a \"fairy tale\" and that none of the occupations she listed were women’s jobs. Jean was devastated and humiliated.

One day in her senior year of high school, her English teacher Mrs Dorothy Slaton gave the class an assignment. \"If you had unlimited money, unlimited access to the finest schools, and unlimited talents and abilities, what would you do?\" Jean felt a rush of her old enthusiasm, and with excitement she wrote down all her old dreams. The teacher leaned forward over her desk and said, \"You do have unlimited abilities and talents. When you leave school, if you don’t go for your dreams, no one will do it for you. You can have what you want if you want it enough.\"

The hurt and fear of years of discouragement went away because of what Mrs Slaton had said. Jean felt excited and a little scared. She stayed after class and went up to the teacher’s desk. Jean thanked Mrs Slaton and told her about her dream of becoming a pilot. Mrs Slaton half rose and slapped the desk top. \"Then do it!\" she said.

So Jean did. It didn’t happen overnight. It took her 10 years of hard work. It wasn’t in Jean’s nature to stand up for herself when someone refused or humiliated her. Instead, she would quietly try to find another way.

She became a private pilot and then flew planes as a co-pilot (副驾驶员). In 1978, she became one of the first three female pilot trainees ever accepted by United Airlines and one of the only 50 women airline pilots in the nation at that time. Some years later, Jean Harper became a Boeing

词数 394 难度 ★★☆☆☆ 建议时间 6分钟

737 captain for United Airlines.

1.When Jean Harper was in the third grade, _________. A.it was common for women to be airline pilots

B. her father advised her to be a pilot like him in the future C. she was unsure about what she wanted to be when she grew up D. she was deeply hurt by her teacher’s comment on her dreams

2.What was Mrs Slaton’s reaction when she learned about Jean Harper’s dream? A. Encouraging Jean to do what she wanted to. B. Offering Jean as much help as she could. C. Persuading Jean to give up her dream.

D. Making Jean aware of all the possible difficulties. 3.What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. How Jean Harper achieved her flying dream. B. Jean Harper’s great achievements in flying.

C. The hardships Jean Harper experienced when trying to be a pilot. D. Jean Harper’s determination to pursue her dream.

4.What gave Jean Harper enough strength and faith to pursue her dream? A. Her father’s influence on her. B. Mrs Slaton’s support.

C. Her decision to stand up for herself.

D.A teacher’s humiliation when she was in the third grade.

【文章大意】本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了Jean Harper如何在英语老师的鼓励下，实现了当一名飞行员的梦想。

1.D 【解析】细节理解题。由第二段中的\"Jean was devastated and humiliated\"和第四段中的\"The hurt

and fear of years of discouragement\"可知答案为D。

3.B 【解析】段落大意题。最后一段主要讲述了Jean Harper在飞行方面的成就，所以答案为B。 4.B 【解析】推理判断题。文中提到的Jean Harper的两位老师，一位打击她的梦想，让她几乎对此丧失

信心；另一位老师给她无限的信心，让她相信自己,坚持追寻梦想，所以答案为B。

Passage 4

体裁 记叙文 话题 女儿靠毅力获得最高荣誉 词数 难度 建议时间 6分钟 339 ★★☆☆☆ The journey my daughter Cathy has had with her swimming is as long as it is beautiful. Cathy suffered some terrible illness in her early childhood. After years of regular treatment, she finally became healthy.

Two years ago, while Cathy was watching the Olympics, a dream came into her sweet little head — to be a swimmer. Last summer, she wanted to join our local swim team. She practiced hard and finally made it. The team practice, however, was a rough start. She coughed and choked and could hardly survive her first few weeks. Hearing her coughing bitterly one night, I decided to pull her from it all. But Cathy woke me up early next morning, wearing her swimsuit ready to go! I told her she shouldn’t swim after a whole night’s coughing, but she refused to give up and insisted she go.

From that day on, Cathy kept swimming and didn’t miss a single practice. She had a resolute intention within herself to be the best she could be. My ten-year-old was growing and changing right before my eyes, into this determined human being with a passion and a mission. There were moments of frustration of course: often she would be the last swimmer in the race. It was difficult for Cathy to accept that she wasn’t a winner — ever. But that didn’t stop her from trying.

Then came the final awards ceremony at the end of the year. Cathy didn’t expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise their accomplishments. As the ceremony was nearing the end, I suddenly heard the head coach announcing, \"The highest honor goes to Cathy!\" Looking around, he continued, \"Cathy has inspired us with her will and enthusiasm. Although skills and talents bring great success, the most valuable asset(财富) one can hold is the heart.\"

It was the greatest moment of my daughter’s life. With all she had been through in her ten years, this was the hour of true triumph(成功). 1.What does the author want to tell us in the passage? A. Her daughter experienced a terrible childhood. B. She devoted herself to taking care of her daughter.

C. Her daughter preferred swimming to anything else. D. She was proud of her daughter being persistent.

2.What do we know about Cathy when she was in the local swim team? A. She believed she could turn excellent swimmer. B. She understood practice would bring cough. C. She took the chance seriously and treasured it. D. She found it hard to continue swimming training.

3.What does the underlined word \"resolute\" mean in the passage? A. different B. firm C. general D. popular 4.Why was Cathy awarded the highest honor?

A. Because she was different from others in health. B. Because of her happily cheering on her friends. C. Because she was longing for swimming skills. D. Because of her determined will and enthusiasm.

【文章大意】小时候身患重病，经过多年的治疗后最终康复的作者的女儿下决心成为一名游泳健将，艰苦的训练和不尽如人意的成绩并没有使她退缩，最终她的意志力以及热情使她获得了最高的荣誉。

2.C 【解析】细节理解题。依据第二段可知，在Cathy参加游泳队的训练的最初几个星期，身体状况不佳，

经常咳嗽，母亲劝其暂时停止训练，她依然坚持下来，由此可知，她对这样的训练机会非常重视，故选C项。

3.B 【解析】词义猜测题。依据上文的\"Cathy kept swimming and didn’t miss a single practice\"和

to be the best she could be可知，小小的Cathy心中已经坚定想做最棒的自己，因此该词的意思是\"有决心的，坚决的\"，故选B项。

4.D 【解析】细节理解题。依据倒数第二段主教练的话可知，Cathy用她的意志和热情鼓舞了我们。虽然

技能和天赋能带来巨大的成功，但一个人可以拥有的最有价值的财富是人心。由此可知，Cathy坚定的意志和热情使她赢得了别人的尊敬，故选D项。