2020年高考英语刷题高分提能组合练29

阅读理解＋完形填空＋语法填空＋短文改错

Ⅰ. 阅读理解 (2019·河北衡水调研)

What Cocktail Parties Teach Us

You’re at a party. Music is playing. Glasses are clinking. Dozens of conversations are driving up the decibel (分贝) level. Yet among all those distractions, you can tune your attention to just one voice from many. This ability is what researchers call the “cocktail-party effect”．

Scientists at the University of California in San Francisco have found where that sound-editing process occurs in the brain—in the auditory cortex (听觉皮层) just behind the ear, not in areas of higher thought. The auditory cortex boosts some sounds and turns down others so that when the signal reaches the higher brain, “it’s as if only one person was speaking alone，” says investigator Edward Chang.

These findings, published in the journal Nature last week, explain why people aren’t very good at multitasking—our brains are wired for “selective attention” and can focus on only one thing at a time. That inborn ability has helped humans survive in a world buzzing with visual and auditory stimulation (刺激)．But we keep trying to push the limits with multitasking, sometimes with tragic(悲剧的) consequences. Drivers talking on cellphones, for example, are four times as likely to get into traffic accidents as those who aren’t.

Many of those accidents are due to “inattentional blindness”， in which people can, in effect, turn a blind eye to things they aren’t focusing on. The more attention a task demands, the less attention we can pay to other things in our field of vision. Images land on our retinas (视网膜) and are either boosted or played down in the visual cortex before being passed to the brain, just as the auditory cortex filters sounds, as shown in the Nature study last week. “It’s a push-pull relationship— the more we focus on one thing, the less we can focus on others，” says Diane M．Beck, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois.

Studies over the past decade at the University of Utah show that drivers talking on hands-free cellphones are just as influenced as those on hands-held phones because it is the conversation, not the device, that is distracting their attention. Those talking on any kind of cellphone react more slowly and miss more traffic signals than other motorists.

Some people can train themselves to pay extra attention to things that are important—like police officers learn to scan crowds for faces and conductors can listen for individual instruments within the orchestra as a whole. Many more think they can effectively multitask, but are actually

shifting their attention rapidly between two things and not getting the full effect of either, experts say.

[语篇解读] 本文讲述的是“鸡尾酒会效应”的启示。

1．What have scientists in University of California found about “the cocktail-party effect”？

A．Usually there is only one person who is speaking alone. B．All kinds of annoying sounds drive up the decibel level. C．The higher brain processes sounds and images selectively. D．Sounds are sorted out before reaching the higher brain.

D [细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Scientists at the University of California in San Francisco have found where that sound-editing process occurs in the brain—in the auditory cortex (听觉皮层) just behind the ear, not in areas of higher thought. 现在，加州大学旧金山分校(University of California in San Francisco)的科学家找到了这种声音编辑过程在大脑中发生的位置——在耳朵后面的听觉皮层，而不是大脑的高级思维区域。可知，在到达更高的大脑之前，声音已经被整理出来了 。]

2．What do we learn from the passage?

A．We are biologically incapable of multitasking. B．We survive distractions in life by multitasking. C．We cannot multitask without extra attention. D．We benefit from pushing the limit with multitasking.

A [推理判断题。根据第三段第一句These findings, published in the journal Nature last week, explain why people aren’t very good at multitasking—our brains are wired for “selective attention” and can focus on only one thing at a time. 这些上月发布在《自然》(Nature)期刊上的研究结果强调了为何人们不是很擅长处理多任务——我们的大脑有“选择性注意”机制，一次只能专注于一件事。可知，我们在生理上无法同时处理多项任务。 ]

3．Which of the following is an example of “inattentional blindness”？ A．A careless driver lost his eyesight after a car accident. B．Police scanned the crowds and located the criminal. C．A manager talked on a hands-free phone with his client. D．A pedestrian had a car accident because of phubbing (低头)．

D [推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Many of those accidents are due to “inattentional blindness”， in which people can, in effect, turn a blind eye to things they aren’t focusing on. 可知，D项A pedestrian had a car accident because of phubbing. (一个行人因低头族而发生车祸。)是一个“inattentional blindness”的例子。]

4．The main purpose of the passage is to ________. A．compare and contrast C．argue and discuss

B．inform and explain D．examine and evaluate

D [目的意图题。根据最后一段Some people can train themselves to pay extra attention to things that are important—like police officers learn to scan crowds for faces and conductors can listen for individual instruments within the orchestra as a whole. Many more think they can effectively multitask, but are actually shifting their attention rapidly between two things and not getting the full effect of either, experts say. 有人可以训练自己对重要的事情付出格外的注意力——就像学习扫描人群的面孔，以及乐团指挥可以在整个乐团中听到每件乐器的声音。专家说，更多的人则是自以为可以有效地处理多任务，但他们其实是在两件事之间迅速转移注意力，而并没有全身心地投入到其中任何一件事中。可知本文的目的是“检查和评估”。]

Ⅱ. 完形填空

In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The__1__ is that countries around the world have growing mountains of__2__because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.

How did we__3__a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to__4__an object than to spend time and money to repair it. __5__modern manufacturing (制造业)and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and__6__.

Another cause is our__7__of disposable (一次性的)products. As__8__people, we are always looking for__9__to save time and make our lives easier. Companies__10__thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.

Our appetite for new products also__11__to the problem. We are__12__buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that__13__is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we__14__useful possessions to make room for new ones.

All around the world, we can see the__15__ of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To__16__the amount of rubbish and to protect

the__17__,_more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. __18__,_this is not enough to solve our problem.

Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions__19__throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about__20__. Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.

[语篇解读] 文章主要讲的是垃圾堆积如山及其成因和解决方法。 1．A．key C．project

B．reason D．problem

D [A．答案；B．原因；C．项目；D．问题。根据第一段第二句可知，出现的问题是垃圾堆积如山。]

2．A．gifts C．debt

B．rubbish D．products

B [句意：因为人们现在扔掉很多垃圾，因此，垃圾堆积成了山。] 3．A．face C．observe

B．become D．change

B [A．面对；B．变得；C．观察；D．改变。根据“First of all...”可知，这里讲的是乱扔垃圾的原因。]

4．A．hide C．replace

B．control D．withdraw

C [A．躲藏；B．控制；C．代替；D．撤退，收回。句意：首先，与花时间和钱修理相比，现在更换物品更容易。]

5．A．Thanks to C．Except for

B．As to D．Regardless of

A [句意：多亏了当代制造业和技术，公司能够更快地生产产品，成本也降低很多。] 6．A．safe C．cheap

B．funny D．powerful

C [根据inexpensively可知，成本降低的话，产品价格相对也会降低。] 7．A．love C．prevention

B．lack D．division

A [句意：另一个原因是人们对一次性产品的钟爱。]

8．A．sensitive C．brave

B．kind D．busy

D [根据“...we are always looking for...”可知，人们总是在节省时间，说明人们很忙碌。] 9．A．ways C．jobs

B．places D．friends

A [A．方法；B．地方；C．工作；D．朋友。a way to do sth. “做某事的方法”，是固定搭配。]

10．A．donate C．produce

B．receive D．preserve

C [句意：企业生产大量的一次性产品……。] 11．A．adapts C．responds

B．returns D．contributes

D [adapt to适应；return to返回，归还；respond to反应；contribute to为……做贡献，促成，有助于。句意：我们对新产品的欲望也促成了这一问题。]

12．A．tired of C．worried about

B．addicted to D．ashamed for

B [A．厌倦；B．沉迷于；C．担心；D．感到羞耻。根据appetite可知，人们痴迷于购买新产品。]

13．A．newer C．higher

B．stronger D．larger

A [A．更新的；B．更强壮的；C．更高的；D．更大的。句意：广告使人们相信新的更好……。]

14．A．pick up C．hold onto

B．pay for D．throw away

D [A．捡起，学会，开车去接；B．支付；C．抓住，坚持；D．扔掉。句意：结果是我们扔掉自己的物品来为新的腾地方。]

15．A．advantages C．functions

B．purposes D．consequences

D [A．优点，有利条件；B．目的；C．功能，作用；D．后果。根据下句可知，这里

指的是乱扔垃圾的后果。]

16．A．show C．decrease

B．record D．measure

C [A．显示，展示；B．记录；C．减少；D．测量。句意：越来越多的要求人们循环使用物品，这样做是为了减少垃圾。]

17．A．technology C．consumers

B．environment D．brands

B [A．技术；B．环境；C．消费者；D．品牌。要求人们循环利用也是为了保护环境。] 18．A．However C．Therefore

B．Otherwise D．Meanwhile

A [A．然而；B．要不然；C．因此；D．同时。句意：然而，只是要求人们循环利用还不足以解决我们的问题。]

19．A．by C．after

B．in favor of D．instead of

D [A．通过；B．支持；C．在……之后；D．代替，而不是。句意：我们需要修理我们的物品，而不是扔掉它们。]

20．A．spending C．repairing

B．collecting D．advertising

C [A．花费，度过；B．收集；C．修理；D．广告。句意：我们也需要重新考虑对修理的态度。根据下句“Repairing...”可知答案。]

Ⅲ. 语法填空

When waiting for the train，a young girl playing with her ball suddenly found it out of her hands，1. ______(roll)off the platform and landing on the tracks. Not only was she troubled，but the whole family were a bit upset. Overhearing their conversation，I knew that the ball2. ______(give)to her from her grandfather，3. ______is no longer alive. It was not replaceable as it held precious memories.

I told them I could help get it for them. I wasn’t sure how，but I’m4. ______(create)and felt confident I would figure it out.

They were hesitant to give me their contact information. I’m a nice lady，but still a stranger，and it felt odd to them that I would want to take time out of my life 5. ______(help)them. My work colleague who was with me convinced them，“She really is good 6. ______ helping people. You really can trust her. ”

As always in these 7. ______(situation)，you have to let one phone call lead to another until you can talk to someone who 8. ______(have)the magic key to open the door. But 9. ______(lucky)it took only 3 calls.

A few days later I received a lovely e-mail from the mom，thanking me for my help as they now have 10. ______ special ball with all its memories back with the little girl.

[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在火车站台偶遇他人有困难并给予帮助的故事。

1．rolling [考查现在分词。一个正在玩球的小女孩在等火车的时候，突然发现她的球滚下站台，跳到轨道里去了。动词roll与其逻辑主语it之间是主谓关系，故填rolling。]

2．was given/had been given [考查动词的时态和语态。give sth. to sb. 意思是“给某人某物”，根据语境此处应用被动语态，且文章的基本时态是一般过去时，give这一动作是过去发生的，故填was given；此处也可理解为give这一动作发生在过去的过去，故填had been given。]

3．who [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个定语从句，先行词是her grandfather，且从句缺少主语，应用指代人的关系代词，非性定语从句不能用that引导，故填who。]

4．creative [考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用形容词作表语，且动词create的形容词形式是creative，故填creative。]

5．to help [考查不定式作状语。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语，故填to help。]

6．at [考查介词。根据空前的形容词“good”和空后的动名词短语“helping people”可知，空处应填介词。be good at意思是“擅长”，为固定短语。故填at。]

7．situations [考查名词复数。根据空前的these可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。situation意为“情况，形势”时，是可数名词，故填situations。]

8．has [考查主谓一致。空处所在句包含一个定语从句，关系词who指代其前的不定代词someone，不定代词作主语时，谓语动词应用单数，故填has。]

9．luckily [考查副词。此处应用副词作状语修饰整个句子，故填luckily。] 10．the [考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示特指，故填定冠词the。] Ⅳ. 短文改错

(2019·福州四校联考)When I was young，I lived in the countryside. At that time，the trees there were very green and the water there was so much clear that I even could see the fish swimming，that left a deep impression on me. When it gets dark，the air was cooler than it in the daytime. People liked to walk out their houses to chat together. I liked to play games with my friends but ran around the village happily. As the moon rose highly in the sky，the village was lighting. When I looked up，I could see the moon and a few star. They were so close to me. It seemed that I could touch them. The life in the countryside were so wonderful.

答案：

When I was young，I lived in the countryside. At that time，the trees there were very green and the water there was so much clear that I even could see the fish swimming，that left a

whichdeep impression on me. When it gets dark，the air was cooler than it in the daytime. People

gotthatliked to walk out ∧ their houses to chat together. I liked to play games with my friends but ran

ofandaround the village happily. As the moon rose highly in the sky，the village was lighting.

highlighted/lit/lightWhen I looked up，I could see the moon and a few star. They were so close to me. It seemed that

starsI could touch them. The life in the countryside were so wonderful.

was