161934_QUANTUM_QT1106

lQ\"Patented charge-transfer (‘QT’) design\"Wheel or Slider plus seven extra keys\"QMagic™ proximity effect for ‘approach on’ function\"Fast thermal drift tracking \"2.8V ~ 5.0V single supply operation\"100% autocal for life - no adjustments required\"SPI five-wire interface\"Fully debounced results\"Patented AKS™ Adjacent Key Suppression\"Spread-spectrum bursts for superior noise rejectionSPREAD/RSTMOSIMISOSNSASNSASNSASNSA1SNSA2SNSA32526272829303132QT1106-ISGQWHEEL™/QSLIDE™/QTOUCH™ IC 2423222120191817SNSB2SNSB3161514QT110632-QFN131211109SNSBSNSBSNSBSNSBSNSB5OSCVDD\"RoHS compliant 32-QFN package123456CHANGE78APPLICATIONS!!MP3 playersMobile phones!!PC peripheralsAppliance controls!Remote controlsQT1106 charge-transfer (‘QT’) QTouchTM IC is a self-contained, patented charge-transfer capacitive controller capable ofdetecting near-proximity or touch on up to seven electrodes and a wheel. It allows electrodes to project sense fields throughany dielectric such as glass or plastic. These electrodes are laid out as a scroller (e.g. a wheel or slider) plus seven additional independent keys. Each key channel can be tuned for a unique sensitivity level by simply changing a correspondingexternal Cs capacitor, whereas the wheel/slider’s sensitivity can be changed dynamically through SPI commands.The wheel/slider uses a simple, inexpensive sensing element between three connection points. The QT1106 can report asingle rapid touch anywhere along the sense elements, or it can track a finger moving along the wheel/slider’s surface in realtime.The device is designed specifically for human interfaces, like control panels, appliances, gaming devices, lighting controls,remote controls, or anywhere a mechanical wheel, slider, or switch may be found.Patented AKS™ Adjacent Key Suppression suppresses touch from weaker responding keys and only allows a dominant key todetect; for example, to solve the problem of large fingers on tightly spaced keys or buttons in the middle of a wheel.By using the charge-transfer principle, this device delivers a level of performance clearly superior to older technologies yet is highly cost-effective. Spread-spectrum burst technology provides superior noise rejection. The device also has a Sync modewhich enables synchronization with additional similar parts and/or to an external source to suppress interference, and lowpower modes which conserve power.AVAILABLE OPTIONSTA-400C to +850C32-QFNQT1106-ISGLQCopyright © 2006 QRG LtdQT1106-ISG R8I.05/0906Contents1 Overview...........................................31.1 Introduction........................................31.2 Burst Operation.....................................31.3 User Interface Layout Options...........................31.4 Slider and Wheel Construction...........................31.5 QMagicTM Proximity Effect.............................31.6 SPI Interface.......................................31.7 Basic Power Modes..................................41.7.1 Overview.......................................41.7.2 Free Run Mode...................................41.7.3 LP Mode.......................................41.7.4 Sleep Mode......................................41.7.5 Sync Mode......................................42 Signal Processing....................................42.1 Power-up Self-calibration..............................42.2 Drift Compensation...................................42.3 Detection Integrator Filter..............................42.4 AKSTM Adjacent Key Suppression........................42.5 Autorecalibration (MOD)...............................42.6 QMagicTM Proximity Sensor............................52.7 Faulty and Unused Keys...............................53 SPI Interface........................................83.1 Introduction........................................83.2 CHANGE Pin.......................................83.3 SPI Parameters.....................................83.4 SPI Operation......................................83.5 SPI Host Commands.................................93.5.1 Overview.......................................93.5.2 Normal Command Mode..............................93.5.3 Custom Threshold Command Mode......................103.6 SPI Responses....................................104 Operating Modes...................................114.1 Introduction.......................................114.2 Free Run Mode....................................114.3 LP Mode.........................................114.4 Sleep Mode.......................................124.5 Sync Mode.......................................125 Reset..............................................135.1 Introduction.......................................135.2 Delay to SPI Functionality.............................135.3 Reset Delay to Touch Detection.........................135.4 Mode Setting After Reset.............................136 Design Notes.......................................136.1 Oscillator Frequency.................................136.2 Spread-spectrum Circuit..............................136.3 Cs Sample Capacitors - Sensitivity.......................136.4 Thermal Stability...................................136.5 Power Supply......................................146.6 PCB Layout and Construction..........................147 Specifications......................................157.1 Absolute Maximum Specifications.......................157.2 Recommended Operating Conditions.....................157.3 AC Specifications...................................157.4 DC Specifications...................................157.5 Signal Processing ..................................167.6 Idd Curves........................................177.7 Mechanical - 32-QFN Package.........................197.8 Part Marking......................................19LQ2QT1106-ISG R8I.05/09061 Overview1.1 IntroductionThe QT1106 is an easy to use sensor IC based onQuantum’s patented charge-transfer (‘QT’) principles forrobust operation and ease of design. This device has manyadvanced features which provide for reliable, trouble-freeoperation over the life of the product. In particular theQT1106 features advanced self-calibration, driftcompensation, and fast thermal tracking. Unlike priordevices, the QT1106 can tolerate power supply fluctuationsbetter in order to eliminate the need for a voltage regulator inmany cases.1.3 User Interface Layout OptionsThe QT1106 can sense through all common plastics or glassor other dielectric materials up to 10mm thick. It can be usedto implement a linear slider or rotary scroll wheel plus sevenadditional discrete keys. The slider or wheel indicatesabsolute positions.1.4 Slider and Wheel ConstructionThe QT1106 can connect to either a wheel or a linear sliderelement (Figure 1.1). Selection of wheel or linear operationis set through an SPI command. The basis of these designsis found in US Patent 4,2,903 (expired). The first and last positions of the linear slider have largertouch areas.As with touch button electrodes, wheels and sliders can beconstructed as etched areas on a PCB or flex circuit, or fromclear conductors such as Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) or screen-printed Orgacon™ (Agfa) to allow backlighting effects, or foruse over an LCD display.1.2 Burst OperationThe device operates in burst mode. Each key is acquiredusing a burst of charge-transfer sensing pulses whose countvaries depending on the value of the sense capacitor Cs andthe load capacitance Cx (finger touch capacitance and circuitstray capacitance).The channels’ signals are acquired using three successivebursts of pulses: Burst 1: B1, B3, B5, B7 (for discrete keys 1, 3, 5, 7)Burst 2: B2, B4, B6 (for discrete keys 2, 4, 6)Burst 3: A1, A2, A3 (for wheel or slider)Bursts always operate in 1, 2, 3 sequence as a group andoccur one right after the other with minimum delay. Thegroups are separated by an interval of time that can be usedfor SPI communications.Spread-spectrum operation - Bursts can operate over aspread of frequencies, so that external fields will haveminimal effect on key operation and emissions are veryweak.Spread-spectrum operation works together with the ‘detectintegrator’ (DI) mechanism to dramatically reduce theprobability of false detection due to noise. An external RCcircuit is required to implement spread spectrum, but thiscircuit is optional.1.5 QMagicTM Proximity EffectChannel 7 of the QT1106 can optionally operate a ‘magic on’function based on hand or body proximity to a product. Byusing a relatively large electrode inside the product’senclosure and a larger value of Csb7 (see Figure 2.1), theproduct can auto power up or activate its display with handapproach. This simple feature can add enormous salesappeal to almost any product.1.6 SPI InterfaceThe QT1106 uses a five-wire SPI interface. In addition to thestandard four SPI signals (/SS, SCLK, MOSI and MISO),there is a DRDY (data ready) output for flow control.The QT1106 also provides a CHANGE signal to indicatewhen there has been a change in detection state. Thisremoves the need for the host to poll the QT1106continuously.On each SPI transfer the host sends three bytes to theQT1106 and the QT1106 simultaneously sends three bytesto the host. The bytes sent from the host provide the QT1106with all its configuration information; the bytes sent from theQT1106 convey the key states.Figure 1.1 All-Metal Slider and Wheel Construction(downloadable example CAD files for wheels and sliders can be found on the Quantumwebsite,http://www.qprox.com/toolbox/1106)Tips of triangles should be spaced <=4mm apart.SNSA3SNSA1SNSA2SNSA3<=4mm<=4mmPosition 0SNSA301 to 126Position (at 7 bits - 0 to 127)127Position 85SNSA2Position 43SNSA1Lq3QT1106-ISG R8I.05/09061.7 Basic Power Modes1.7.1 OverviewThe device features a number of modes to set the currentdrain and speed of response.The available operating modes are:####Free Run - fastest detection response at all timesLP mode - low power, slower touch sensing responseSleep - microamp-level current drainSync mode - for noise suppression of low frequencies2.4 AKSTM Adjacent Key SuppressionThis patented feature works to prevent multiple keys fromresponding to a single touch. This can happen with closelyspaced keys, or a scroll wheel that has buttons very near it.AKS operates by comparing signal strengths from keyswithin a group of keys to suppress touch detections fromthose that have a weaker signal change than the dominantone.When enabled globally on the QT1106, AKS allows only oneindependent key, or the scroll section, to indicate a touch ata time. Additionally, the QT1106 has options for partial AKS; where some keys are included in the AKS operation andothers are not affected. In this case only one key in the AKSgroup can indicate a touch at any time; other keys canindicate touch in any combination. AKS can also be disabled.1.7.2 Free Run ModeThis mode uses a continuous stream of acquire bursts. FreeRun mode has, in consequence, the highest power drain ofall the QT1106 operating modes but the fastest responsetime.1.7.3 LP ModeIn LP (low power) mode, the QT1106 spends most of thetime sleeping to conserve power; it wakes itself periodicallyto perform acquire bursts, then normally goes back to sleepagain.The QT1106 provides a choice of intervals between acquirebursts to allow an appropriate speed/power trade-off to bemade for each product.2.5 Autorecalibration (MOD)The device can time out and recalibrate each keyindependently after a continuous touch detection that lastsfor the chosen ‘Maximum on-duration’ (MOD). This ensuresthat a key can never become ‘stuck on’ due to foreignobjects or other external influences. After recalibration the key will continue to function normally.The nominal delay is selectable to be either 10s, 20s, 60s, orinfinite (disabled), though the actual delay is different insome operating modes (see Table 2.1).1.7.4 Sleep ModeIn Sleep mode, the QT1106 shuts down to conserve power;it will remain in this mode forever or until the host wakes itusing the /SS pin. Table 2.1 Maximum On-durationOperating ModeFree RunLP mode,200ms1 response (120ms2)LP mode,280ms1 response (200ms2)LP mode,440ms1 response (360ms2)LP mode,760ms1 response (680ms2)Sync mode(typ 55Hz sync)Sleep mode121.7.5 Sync ModeIn this mode the device will synchronize to the host in a waythat allows for the suppression of heavy low frequency noise;for example, from mains frequencies and their harmonics.Max on-durations10s, 20s, 60s10s, 20s, 60s10s, 20s, 60s15s, 30s, 88s28s, 55s, 1s10s, 20s, 60s(vary with sync rate)n/a2 Signal Processing2.1 Power-up Self-calibrationOn power-up or after reset, all 10 channels are typicallycalibrated and operational within 650ms.2.2 Drift CompensationThis operates to correct the reference level of each keyautomatically over time; it suppresses false detectionscaused by changes in temperature, humidity, dirt and otherenvironmental effects. response times are estimated using a DI of six counts. response times are estimated using a DI of two counts.Note: all response times are based on typical sensecapacitor values.The device also autorecalibrates all keys when one or morenormal keys’ signal reflect a sufficient decrease incapacitance from the reference level (signal error). If QMagicProximity mode is active, a signal error on the Proximity Key(Key 7) will only recalibrate itself. This is filtered in a mannersimilar to the DI filter; the decrease in capacitance must beseen for at least six successive cycles. Hence, in Free Runmode the device typically recalibrates within 400ms so as torecover normal operation quickly. 2.3 Detection Integrator FilterDetect Integrator (DI) filter confirmation reduces the effectsof noise on key states. The DI mechanism requires aspecified number of measurements that qualify as detections(and these must occur in a row) or the detection will not bereported.In a similar manner, the end of a touch (loss of signal) alsohas to be confirmed over several measurements. TheQT1106 provides a choice of either two or six DImeasurements for confirming start of touch; end of touchalways uses two measurements.The DI mechanism works together with spread spectrumoperation to dramatically reduce the effects of noise.Lq4QT1106-ISG R8I.05/09062.6 QMagicTM Proximity SensorKey 7 (SNSB7) can be optimized for operation as a handproximity sensor via the serial interface (see Section 3.5.2,Prox = 1). The proximity sensitivity of channel 7 can beincreased by a higher value of Cs. The AKS mode should beset to mode 101, to ensure that the proximity key does notlock out other keys or the wheel/slider.Note that proximity fields are often unstable especially inproducts that can move around, such as mobile phones andMP3 players. In particular, the proximity channel can stick on2.7 Faulty and Unused KeysAny sense channel that does not have its sense capacitor(Cs) fitted is assumed to be either faulty or unused. Thischannel takes no further part in operation unless ahost-commanded recalibration operation shows it to have anin-range burst count again.This is important for sense channels that have an open orshort circuit fault across Cs. Such channels would otherwisecause very long acquire bursts, and in consequence wouldslow the operation of the entire QT1106.after a detection. As soon as possible after proximitychannel 7 becomes active, it should be recalibrated via theserial interface (see Section 3.5.2, CalK = 1, Cal Key Numbits = 111) in order to clear the proximity channel.Design of proximity electrodes requires care, so as to ensurethat the electrode area is maximized whilst ensuringadequate and easy coupling to a hand as it approaches theequipment.Lq5QT1106-ISG R8I.05/0906Table 2.2 Pinlist32-QFNPin12345671011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132Pin TypeI/OIODOFPwrNameSPREAD/RSTVddOSCn/cCHANGESNSB7SNSB6SNSB5SNSBSNSBSNSBSNSBSNSB4SNSB3SNSB2SNSB1SNSBSNSBSNSBDRDYVssSCLK/SSMOSIMISOSNSASNSASNSASNSA1SNSA2SNSA3TypeODIPwrI-OFI/OI/OI/OI/OI/OI/OI/OI/OI/OI/OI/OI/OI/OI/OOFPwrIIIOFI/OI/OI/OI/OI/OI/OFunctionSpread-spectrum driveReset inputPowerOscillator current drive-State change notificationTo CSB7To CSB6To CSB5To any CSB + KeyTo any CSB + KeyTo any CSB + KeyTo any CSB + KeyTo CSB4To CSB3To CSB2To CSB1To any CSB + KeyTo any CSB + KeyTo any CSB + KeySPI Data ReadyGroundSPI ClockSPI Slave Select inSPI Master Out /Slave InSPI Master In / Serial OutTo any CSA + wheel/sliderTo any CSA + wheel/sliderTo any CSA + wheel/sliderTo CSA1To CSA2To CSA3Notes-Active low reset+2.8 to +5.0VResistor to Vdd and optionalspread-spectrum RC networkLeave openTo hostSense pinSense pinSense pinSense pinSense pinSense pinSense pinSense pinSense pinSense pinSense pinSense pinSense pinSense pinSPI handshake line-SPI serial bit clock-Data from host to QT1106Data from QT1106 to hostSense pinSense pinSense pinSense pin position 43Sense pin position 85Sense pin position 0If UnusedOpenVdd----OpenOpenOpenOpenOpenOpenOpenOpenOpenOpenOpenOpenOpenOpen---Open--OpenOpenOpenOpenOpenOpenCMOS input/outputCMOS input onlyCMOS open drain output (pull up to Vdd)CMOS output that can float during Reset, Sleep or LP modesPower / groundNote: Sense terminals can be twinned with any sense drive terminals of the same group, e.g. SNSA1 can be paired with anySNSA terminal.Lq6QT1106-ISG R8I.05/0906Figure 2.1 Connection Diagram (32-QFN Package)本页已使用福昕阅读器进行编辑。福昕软件（Ｃ）２００５－２００９，版权所有，仅供试用。

Vunreg4.7uF+2.8 ~ +5VVoltage Reg4.7uF100nFVDD3142Note: One bypass capacitor to betightly wired between Vdd and Vss.Follow recommendations from regulatormanufacturer for input and outputcapacitors.124.7nFR SNSB410K4.7nFVDDSNSB4SNSBSNSB3SNSB/RSTSNSBSNSB7SNSBSNSB6SNSBSNSB5RSNSB7C4.7nFKEY 710K13157118109C Sb74.7nFRSNSB6R SNSB3KEY 310KC Sb34.7nF16KEY 610KC Sb.7nFRSNSB5R SNSB2KEY 210KC Sb2SNSB2SNSB19 17KEY 510KC Sb5VDDR SNSB14.7nFKEY 110KC Sb1SNSB1SNSB18QT110632-QFNN.C.OSC54**Rb1**See the table below for **Rb2suggested resistor and capacitor values, with and without spread spectrum.No Spread-spectrum: Replace Css with 100K resistor and remove Rb2*Css32The wheel shows positions at 7-bit resolution. See the table at the end of Section 3.5.2 for other resolutions.R SNSA315nF10KC Sa3SNSA3SNSA27127 030R SNSA1854310K15nFSPREADSNSA1SNSA1C Sa129 31DRDYSNSA2SNSACHANGESCLKMISOMOSI/SS2123262524100KSPI DRDY outSPI SCLK inSPI MISO outSPI MOSI inSPI /SS inR SNSA210K15nFC Sa228CHANGE out100K6VSSNOTE:Sense terminals can be twinned with any e.g. SNSA1 can be paired with any SNSA terminal.SNSA pins: 27 ,28, 29SNSB pins: 10, 11, 12, 13, 18, 19, 20``22IMPORTANT DESIGN GUIDELINES:#The sensitivities of the various sense channels are determined by the values of the respective Cs capacitors (i.e. Csb1,Csb7, etc.); these values will require adjustment based on building a prototype product and testing the sensitivityexperimentally.Rb1, Rb2 sets the oscillator frequency; recommended values are:Vdd Range< 3 V3.0~3.6V> 3.6V###Rb112k12k15kWith Spread SpectrumRb2Css27ksee note22kbelow27kWithout Spread SpectrumRb1Rb2Css15kreplace with100knot fitted18kresistor20k#The required value of the spread-spectrum capacitor (Css) will vary according to the lengths of the acquire bursts. Atypical value is 100nF.When the QT1106 is running the OSC pin has a DC voltage typically between 1V and 1.5V; the use of spread spectrumwill cause a small low-frequency variation in the voltage. The internal oscillator signal is not visible on this pin.Signals DRDY and CHANGE may need pull-down resistors, see Section 5 on page 13.Lq7QT1106-ISG R8I.05/09063 SPI Interface3.1 IntroductionThe QT1106 is an SPI slave mode device. This sectiondescribes the hardware operation of this interface.Messages from the host to the QT1106 carry configurationinformation; return data from the QT1106 carries key stateinformation. For details of the message contents seeSections 3.5 and 3.6.3.4 SPI OperationThe basic timing diagram for SPI operation is shown inFigure 3.1 The host does the clocking and controls thetiming of the transfers, subject to Data Ready (DRDY), fromthe QT1106. Transfers are always clocked as a set of threebytes, Byte 1, 2 and 3.The host should not attempt to clock the SPI bus to thedevice while DRDY is low; during DRDY low the QT1106 isbusy and will ignore SPI activity, with the exception of a 20µsgrace period after the fall of DRDY, where there are nocommunications during the high period of DRDY.DRDY stays high for at least 450µs. It falls again after Byte 3has shifted to indicate completion. After the fall of DRDY, thedevice acquires (bursts). DRDY goes high to permit SPIactivity after each burst.After the host asserts /SS low, it should wait >22µs beforestarting SCLK. The QT1106 reads the MOSI pin with eachrising edge of SCLK, and shifts data out on the MISO pin onfalling edges. The host should do the same to ensure properoperation.Between the end of the Byte 1 shift and the start of theByte 2 shift (and between Byte 2 and Byte 3), the host mayraise /SS again, but this is not required; the QT1106 ignores/SS during transfer of the three bytes.All timings not mentioned above should be as in Figure 3.1./SS Wake Operation: /SS is also used to wake the devicefrom sleep, see Section 4.33.2 CHANGE PinThe QT1106 has a CHANGE output pin which allows for keystate change notification. Use of the CHANGE signalrelieves the host of the burden of regularly polling theQT1106 to get key states. CHANGE goes high when there isa change of state, i.e. when a new key is pressed, orreleased, or a movement is detected on the wheel/slider.CHANGE also goes high after a reset to indicate to the hostthat it should do an SPI transfer in order to provide initialconfiguration information to the QT1106 (as it does on everySPI transfer). CHANGE goes low after the status is read through an SPItransfer.3.3 SPI ParametersThe SPI transmission parameters are:#####70kHz max clock rate8 data bits 6.7µs min low clock period6.7µs min high clock periodThree bytes per transmission, byte 1 most significant bitsent first#Clock idle high#Shift out on falling edge#Shift in on rising edgeThe host must always transfer three bytes in successionwithin the allotted time (10ms maximum). If all bytes are notreceived in this interval it is treated by the QT1106 as anerror and the DRDY line will go low before the transmissionis completed.Figure 3.1 SPI Operation~23msAcquire Bursts<470us<10ms>22us/SS from host /SS may go high between bytes; QT1106 ignores this /SS may go high between bytes; QT1106 ignores this>0us>10.8usdon't careData sampled on rising edgeData shifts out on falling Host Data Output(QT1106 Input - MOSI)don't care76543210Command Byte 1Response Byte 1QT Data Output(QT1106 Out - MISO)3-state?76543210<17us/SS pulse during 25us grace period>450usDRDY from QT<20us(grace period)/SS from hostdon't care76543210Command Byte 2Response Byte 276543210don't care>0us<5.7us240msDRDY from QT>6.7us>6.7usSCLK from Host76543210Command Byte 3don't care>0ns <500nsResponse Byte 3765432103-stateLq8QT1106-ISG R8I.05/09063.5 SPI Host Commands3.5.1 OverviewThe command from the host consists of three bytes, #1, #2and #3. These three bytes contain operation mode settingswhich must be transmitted every time. The settinginformation in these three bytes becomes effectiveimmediately after all three are received by the QT1106.The response to these three bytes are three data bytescontaining key detection information. A downloadable host-driver software example for controllingthe QT1106 can be found on the Quantum website athttp://www.qprox.com/toolbox/1106.There are two command modes, selectable through bit CT.CT - Custom threshold: Selects between normal commandbytes and custom threshold commands.CT=0: Normal commands.CT=1: Custom Threshold commands.12Mode Bits210000001010011100101110111Operating ModeFree Run (default)LP mode, 200ms1 response time (120ms2)LP mode, 280ms1 response time (200ms2)LP mode, 440ms1 response time (360ms2)LP mode, 760ms1 response time (680ms2)Sync modeSleep(reserved) response times are estimated using a DI of six counts. response times are estimated using a DI of two counts.LPB- Sets the LP mode ‘following burst’ option. SeeFigures 4.1 and 4.2.LPB=0: If the host communicates with the device or thereis an /SS pulse during any LP mode (modes 001 to100), there will be no following burst. The only burststhat will take place are those that occur as naturallydefined by the LP mode noted above.LPB=1: If the host communicates with the device or thereis an /SS pulse during any LP mode (modes 001 to100), there will be an additional burst following /SSraising high. (default)DI - Set the ‘Detect Integrator’ noise filter function.DI=0: Two detections required to confirm a touch (fasterbut less noise immune). DI=1: Six detections required to confirm a touch (slowerbut more noise immune; appropriate for mostapplications). (default)MOD (Recal Time) - Sets the 'Maximum On-duration' for allkeys. Controls the time from the start of a key detection towhen the key is automatically recalibrated. See Table 2.1for MOD times in other operating modes.MOD6500011011Maximum On-duration in Free Run Mode10s (default)20s60sinfinite MOD - timeout disabled3.5.2 Normal Command ModeWhen CT=0, the three host command bytes should containthe following bits:HostByte #765CT=0001MOD02Resolution3Bit43ProxSLDDILPBCalWCalK210AKSModeCal Key NumBits labelled ‘0’ should not be altered. The bits used in these three bytes are defined as follows:AKS - Three bits used to determine the AKS mode. SeeSection 2.4 for further information.2000011AKS100110010010101AKS OptionAKS disabled (default)AKS globalAKS keys + Wheel/SliderAKS 4 keys1 + 3 Keys2 + Wheel/SliderAKS 4 keys1 + (3 Keys2 + Wheel/Slider)AKS (6 keys3 + Wheel/Slider) + key 7 keys 1-4 AKS’d together2 keys 5-7 AKS’d together3 keys 1-6 AKS’d togetherSLD - Scrolling device type selection.SLD=0: Wheel mode (default)SLD=1: Linear slider mode.Prox - Key 7 QMagic Proximity mode. See Section 2.6 forfurther information.Prox=0: Key 7 is a normal key (default)Prox=1: Key 7 is a proximity sensor.Note: Once activated, Key 7 will be in QMagic Proximitymode until a reset occurs. Mode - These bits determine the Sleep / Low Power modesthe device runs in. Cal Key Num - key to be recalibrated when CalK=1.Cal KeyNum Bits210000001010011100101110111KeyRecalibrate all keys (excluding wheel/slider)Recalibrate Key 1Recalibrate Key 2Recalibrate Key 3Recalibrate Key 4Recalibrate Key 5Recalibrate Key 6Recalibrate Key 7CalK - Recalibrates the key(s) specified by Cal Key Num.CalK=0: No recalibration (normal state of this bit).CalK=1: The device recalibrates key(s).CalW - Recalibrates the wheel/slider.CalW=0: No recalibration (normal state of this bit).CalW=1: The device recalibrates the wheel/slider. Lq9QT1106-ISG R8I.05/0906Set CalK/CalW only once when required, and setCalK/CalW=0 thereafter. If the bit is constantly set to 1, thedevice will keep recalibrating and will becomenon-responsive. Note that the device recalibrates automatically on power-up,so that the use of Recal should rarely be required exceptingKey 7 when used as a proximity sensor, in which case thischannel should be recalibrated soon after each proximitydetection to ensure stability.Resolution - the resolution of the wheel/slider’s reportedposition. Refer to Figure 3.2.ResolutionResolutionBits765000Reserved0012 Bits : 4 positions (0...3)0103 Bits : 8 positions (0...7)0114 Bits : 16 positions (0...15)1005 Bits : 32 positions (0...31)1016 Bits : positions (0...63)1107 Bits : 128 positions (0...127) (default)1118 Bits : 256 positions (0...255)Note: a resolution change will only become effective on thenext touch.Note: Custom Threshold Command is only used if thedetection threshold of the wheel/slider needs to be changedfrom the power-up default.3.6 SPI ResponsesThe 3 return bytes which contain key states are as follows:Returnbyte #123Bit7CWW6CKK75EWK3EKLPSK5K4Position2QMK310K20CTLK1CTL: Custom Threshold Loaded: If CTL=1, a customwheel/slider threshold has been loaded from the host. If acustom threshold is utilised, CTL can be used to indicateif the threshold needs to be resent due to a reset of thedevice.QM: QMagic Proximity Mode: If QM=1, QMagic Proximitymode is activated (see Section 2.6). LPS: LP / Sleep State: If LPS=1, the device was in LP,Sync, or Sleep mode when the requesting command wasreceived. If LPS=0, the device was in Free Run mode.EK: Key(s) in Error: If EK=1, there is a sufficient decreasein capacitance of one or more normal key(s) from thereference level. All keys will be recalibrated if thiscondition is seen for six successive cycles. If QMagicProximity mode is active, an error on the Proximity Key(Key 7) will only cause a recalibration on itself.EW: Wheel/Slider in Error: If EW=1, there is a sufficientdecrease in capacitance of the wheel/slider from thereference level. The wheel/slider will be recalibrated ifthis condition is seen for six successive cycles.CK: Key(s) in Calibration: If CK=1, one or more key(s) arebeing calibrated. CW: Wheel/Slider in Calibration: If CW=1, the wheel/slideris being calibrated.K1...K7: Contains the key states of each key. A ‘1’ in a bitposition means the key is confirmed as being touched.3.5.3 Custom Threshold Command ModeWhen CT=1, the three host command bytes should containthe following bits:HostByte #7CT=11203Bit605432100000T1 - Wheel/Slider Threshold000000000T1: Custom threshold value of the wheel/slider. Highernumbers are less sensitive. Touch detection uses thisthreshold combined with a hysteresis equal to 12.5% of thethreshold (with a minimum hysteresis value of one). Power-up default setting: 40Figure 3.2 Wheel and Slider Resolution(see end of Section 3.5.2)Slider ModeWheel ModeSNSA A3SNSA A32 bits0SNSA A11SNSA A223SNSA A222 bitsSNSA A37SNSA A34 bits0123SNSA A145678SNSA A2SNSA A3SNSA A265910111213141543012SNSA A1SNSA A31415011323124115109876SNSASNSA A3301SNSA A33 bits01SNSA A1234SNSA A2567SNSA A3SNSA A1 A2SNSA A13 bits4 bitsNote: the first and last slider positions (shaded) have larger touch areas.Lq10QT1106-ISG R8I.05/0906W: The state of the wheel/rotor. A ‘1’ means the wheel/slideris confirmed as being touched.Position: The position of touch on the wheel/slider. If thewheel/slider is not being touched, the position will be theposition of the last touch.detection the device goes back to sleep and resumes LPmode. During the DI function the LPS bit will be cleared.If a key is found to be in detection the CHANGE pin will gohigh and the part will remain in Free Run mode. To go backinto LP mode the host has to request LP mode again.CHANGE Pin in LP Mode: During the sleep portion of LPmode, CHANGE is held low.If however a change of key state is confirmed, CHANGEgoes high and the part runs from then on in Free Run modeuntil the host reads the key state and puts the device backinto LP mode or some other mode.MISO in LP Mode: During the sleep portion of LP mode,MISO floats.DRDY during LP Mode: DRDY remains high while theQT1106 is sleeping, to indicate to the host that SPIcommunications are possible. In LP mode, the host shouldwake the QT1106 using a pulse on /SS before transferringdata over SPI (see below). During an actual acquire burst,DRDY is held low./SS Wake Pulse in LP Mode: In LP mode the host shouldwake the device from sleep using a low pulse on /SS. Thepulse should be at least 125µs wide.Within 100µs of the end of the /SS pulse, the QT1106 willtake DRDY low for at least 40µs to indicate that it hasreceived the /SS wake pulse.Following the >45µs DRDY low pulse, the host cancommunicate normally with the device (see ‘CommandDuring LP Mode’ on Page 12).If the LPB bit (page 9) is set, the device will then perform aset of acquire bursts during which DRDY will be low.Provided no key is detected as being touched during thatburst, the QT1106 will go back to sleep, leaving DRDY high.The CHANGE pin can go high if a key state changes duringthe burst(s) following the wake pulse.If a key is confirmed as touched, the device will transition toFree Run mode automatically.4 Operating Modes4.1 IntroductionFour basic operating modes are possible: Free Run, LP (LowPower), Sync and Sleep. Sleep is a special case of LPmode, where the sleep time is infinite. Sync is a special caseof LP mode which acts as a noise filter over successive /SSpulses rather than temporarily operating as in Free Runmode.4.2 Free Run ModeIn this mode the device operates continuously with shortintervals between burst groups; there are three bursts, oneburst for each electrode group. Between burst sets, DRDYgoes high for 450µs to allow SPI communications.In this mode, the acquisition bursts are unsynchronized,making this mode unsuitable if synchronization to mainsfrequency is needed.4.3 LP ModeLP mode is designed to allow low power operation while stillretaining basic operation but at a slower speed. This mode isuseful for devices that must use the touch keys to wake up aproduct, yet be in a low power mode.Several LP timings allow the user to trade power versusresponse time: the slower the response time, the lower thepower consumed.In LP mode, the device spends most of the time sleepingbetween bursts; it wakes itself periodically to do a set ofthree acquisition bursts, then goes back to sleep. If a touchis detected, the device operates as in Free Run mode andattempts to perform the DI (detect integrator noise filter)function to completion; if the DI filter fails to confirm aFigure 4.1 LP Mode SPI Operation with LPB=1No SPI Communication~23msAcquire Bursts>40us<150us>450usDRDY from QT<100us<470us<240us<20us(grace period)<240usSPI Communication~23ms>125us/SS from host/SS timing as leftSCLK from Hostdon't caredon't caredon't careHost Data Output(QT1106 Input - MOSI)don't caredon't carecommand bytesresponse bytesdon't careQT Data Output(QT1106 Out - MISO)3-state3-stateLq11QT1106-ISG R8I.05/0906Command During LP Mode: First read ‘/SS Wake Pulse inLP Mode’, on Page 11. Following DRDY rising at the end ofthe 45µs low pulse, the host may perform a normal SPItransfer as shown in Figure 3.1. The SPI transfer may startwhile DRDY is high (450µs), and for a 20µs grace periodthereafter.After the SPI transfer is completed, the QT1106 will generatea set of three acquire bursts if LPB=1, during which DRDYwill be low.The mode and options settings sent from the host to theQT1106 during the SPI transfer take effect after the set ofacquire bursts.##If Free Run mode is selected, the QT1106 will takeDRDY high to indicate the possibility of an SPI transfer.If either LP mode or Sleep mode is selected, theQT1106 will go back to sleep with DRDY high providedno key is detected as possibly touched.If Sync mode is selected, the QT1106 will go back tosleep with DRDY high provided no key is detected aspossibly touched.Note that in Sleep mode the QT1106 only performsacquisition bursts following being woken by /SS. This hastwo effects.##Touch detection only occurs following /SS-wake pulses,and hence CHANGE can only go high at that time.The QT1106 cannot drift its internal references unlessthe host sends periodic /SS wake pulses. If the hostdoes not do this, then it should command the QT1106 torecalibrate when it sets the QT1106 into a differentoperating mode.This mode can be used by the host to create its own ‘LPMode’ timings via the /SS wakeup pulse method.4.5 Sync ModeThis mode is useful for low frequency noise suppression, forexample from mains frequencies in line-operated appliances.Acquisition bursts are synchronized to the /SS-wake pulsesfrom the host.Sync mode is very similar to ‘LP 760ms response time’mode, with two differences:##It does not operate as in Free Run mode when a touchis first detectedThe LPB bit is ignored and a burst is always generatedafter each /SS wakeup or SPI transfer as if LPB=1#The CHANGE pin will go high at this time if a key isconfirmed as touched.4.4 Sleep ModeSleep mode offers the lowest possible current drain, in thelow microamp region.Sleep mode is a special case of LP mode, where the sleepduration between bursts is infinite. All comments concerningLP mode, including about SPI communications, applyequally to Sleep mode, except that the LPB bit is ignoredand bursts are always generated after an SPI transfer or/SS wake pulse as if LPB=1.Not operating as in Free Run mode when a touch is firstdetected (before DI confirmation has taken place) meansthat acquisition bursts are restricted to the immediate timeafter a sync signal (/SS), heightening the effect of lowfrequency noise suppression.In many applications of Sync mode the DI filter will need tobe set to two counts, to avoid the QT1106 response timebeing unacceptably lengthened as a consequence of this.Figure 4.2 LP Mode SPI Operation with LPB=0No SPI CommunicationAcquire Bursts>40us<150us>70us<200usSPI CommunicationDRDY from QT<100us<470us>125us/SS from host/SS timing as leftSCLK from Hostdon't caredon't caredon't careHost Data Output(QT1106 Input - MOSI)don't caredon't carecommand bytesresponse bytesdon't careQT Data Output(QT1106 Out - MISO)3-state3-stateLq12QT1106-ISG R8I.05/09065 Reset5.1 IntroductionWhen starting from power-up or /RST reset there are a fewadditional factors to be aware of. In most applications thehost will not need to take special action.During hardware reset all outputs are disabled. To define thelevels of the CHANGE and DRDY during reset these signalsshould pulled down by resistors to 0V. Otherwise, they maydrift high causing the host to detect a false logic 1.When the initial reset phase ends, CHANGE and DRDYoutputs are enabled. DRDY will drive low and CHANGE willdrive high.6.2 Spread-spectrum CircuitThe QT1106 offers the ability to spectrally spread itsfrequency of operation to heavily reduce susceptibility toexternal noise sources and to limit RF emissions. TheSPREAD pin is used to modulate an external passive RCnetwork that modulates the OSC pin. OSC is the mainoscillator current input. The circuit and recommended valuesare shown in Figure 2.1.The resistors Rb1 and Rb2 should be changed, dependingon Vdd. As shown in Figure 2.1, three sets of values arerecommended for these resistors, depending on Vdd. Thepower curves in Section 7.6 also show the effect of theseresistors.The spread-spectrum circuit can be eliminated if it is notdesired; see Section 6.1. Non spread-spectrum modeconsumes less current in the low power modes.The spread-spectrum RC network should be adjusted to suitthe acquire burst lengths. The sawtooth waveform observedon SPREAD should reach a crest height as follows:Vdd >= 3.6V: 17% of VddVdd < 3.6V: 20% of VddThe Css capacitor connected to SPREAD (see Figure 2.1)should be adjusted so that the waveform approximates theabove amplitude, ±10%, during normal operation in thetarget circuit. If this is done, the circuit will give a spectralmodulation of 12 to 15%.In cases where the three acquire bursts 1, 2, 3 are ofdifferent lengths, the Css capacitor should be adjusted forthe longest acquire burst.5.2 Delay to SPI FunctionalityThe QT1106 SPI interface is not operational while the deviceis being reset. However, SPI is made operational early in thestart-up procedure.After any reset (either via the /RST pin or via power-up), SPItypically becomes operational within 100ms of /RST goinghigh or power-up. This is indicated to the host by DRDYbeing pulsed high for at least 450µs, as occurs betweengroups of acquire bursts when in Free Run mode. Themaximum delay is:Vdd >= 4.5V: 150msVdd < 4.5V: 200ms5.3 Reset Delay to Touch DetectionAfter power up or reset, the QT1106 calibrates all electrodes.During this time, touch detection cannot be reported. Fourdummy bursts are performed in 80ms after exiting from thereset start-up delay. Calibration completes after 14 burstcycles, which normally requires an additional 280ms. In total, 460ms are required from reset or power-up for thedevice to be fully functional.Disabled Keys: Keys with missing Cs capacitors, or thatotherwise have an out-of-range signal during calibration, areconsidered to be unused or faulty and are disabled. Disabledkeys are re-examined for operation after each reset orrecalibration event.6.3 Cs Sample Capacitors - SensitivityThe Cs sample capacitors accumulate the charge from thekey electrodes and determine sensitivity. Higher values of Csmake the corresponding sensing channel more sensitive.The values of Cs can differ for each channel, permittingdifferences in sensitivity from key to key or to balanceunequal sensitivities. Unequal sensitivities can occur due to key size andplacement differences and stray wiring capacitances. Morestray capacitance on a sense trace will desensitize thecorresponding key; increasing the Cs for that key willcompensate for the loss of sensitivity.The Cs capacitors can be virtually any plastic film or low tomedium-K ceramic capacitor. The ‘normal’ Cs range is 1nFto 100nF for the keys and 4.7nF to 220nF for thewheel/slider, depending on the sensitivity required; the largervalues of Cs require better quality to ensure reliable sensing.Acceptable capacitor types for most uses include PPS film,polypropylene film, and NP0 and X7R ceramics. Lowergrade ceramics than X7R are not advised; the X5R gradeshould be avoided because it is less stable than X7R.5.4 Mode Setting After ResetAfter a reset the device will enter Free Run mode, with AKSdisabled.6 Design Notes6.1 Oscillator FrequencyThe oscillator uses an external network connected to theOSC and SPREAD pins as shown in Figure 2.1. The chartsin this figure show the recommended values to usedepending on nominal operating voltage andspread-spectrum mode.If spread-spectrum mode is not used, only resistor RB1should be used, the Css capacitor eliminated, and theSPREAD pin pulled to Vss with a 100K resistor .An out-of-specification oscillator can induce timing problemssuch as large variations in response times as well as on theSPI port.6.4 Thermal StabilityThe QT1106 can operate with or without the wheel/slider andsupports up to seven keys. Channels not fitted with a sensecapacitor will automatically be switched off during calibration.For better thermal stability while operating with only one keyit is best to fit a sense capacitor of the same type and valuefor another spare key channel. Additionally a small value Cx(5pF COG) should be fitted to simulate electrodecapacitance. This provides a stable reference for increasedthermal stability.Lq13QT1106-ISG R8I.05/09066.5 Power SupplyThe power supply can range from 2.8 to 5.0 volts. If thisfluctuates slowly with temperature, the device will track andcompensate for these changes automatically with only minorchanges in sensitivity. If the supply voltage drifts or shiftsquickly, the drift compensation mechanism will not be able tokeep up, causing sensitivity anomalies or false detections. The QT1106 power supply should be locally regulated usinga three-terminal device, to between 2.8V and 5.0V. If thesupply is shared with another electronic system, care should6.6 PCB Layout and ConstructionRefer to the Application Note AN-KD02 ‘Secrets of aSuccessful QTouch Design’, downloadable from theQuantum web site http://www.qprox.com (go to the Supporttab and click Application Notes) for information related tolayout and construction matters. Downloadable exampleCAD files for wheels and sliders can also be found on thewebsite)The sensing channels used for the individual keys can beimplemented as per AN-KD02.be taken to ensure that the supply is free of digital spikes,sags, and surges, all of which can cause adverse effects. For proper operation a 0.1µF, or greater, bypass capacitormust be used between Vdd and Vss; the bypass capacitorshould be routed with very short tracks to the QT1106's Vssand Vdd pins.Lq14QT1106-ISG R8I.05/09067 Specifications7.1 Absolute Maximum SpecificationsOperating temperature, Ta..............................................................................................-40 to +850CStorage temp, Ts.....................................................................................................-50 to +1250CVdd..................................................................................................................-0.3 to +6.0VMax continuous pin current, any control or drive pin............................................................................±20mAShort circuit duration to ground or Vdd, any pin.................................................................................infiniteVoltage forced onto any pin.................................................................................-0.3V to (Vdd + 0.3) Volts7.2 Recommended Operating ConditionsOperating temperature, Ta..............................................................................................-40 to +850CVdd..................................................................................................................+2.8 to +5.0VShort-term supply ripple+noise...............................................................................................±5mV/sLong-term supply stability...................................................................................................±100mVCs range keys........................................................................................................1nF to 100nFCs range wheel/slider................................................................................................4.7nF to 220nFCx range.................................................................................................................0 to 50pF7.3 AC SpecificationsVdd = 5.0V, Ta = recommended, Cx = 5pF, Cs keys = 4.7nF, Cs wheel/slider = 15nF, no spread-spectrum network, Rb1 = 20k✡; circuit of Figure 2.1.ParameterTsuDescriptionStart-up to SPI timeMinTyp100Max150200UnitsmsNotesFrom cold start Vdd >= 4.5V Vdd < 4.5VTrcFcFmTpcTbdTdf6Tdf2TdlTdrRecalibration timeBurst center frequencyBurst modulation, percentSample pulse durationAcquire burst durationResponse time -Free Run mode, DI 6 samplesResponse time -Free Run mode, DI 2 samplesResponse time - LP modeRelease time - all modes280125152.33201204028040mskHz%µsmsmsmsmsms280ms LP setting, DI = six countsEnd of touchTotal deviationKeysTotal for all three acquire burstgroups 7.4 DC SpecificationsVdd = 5.0V, Ta = recommended, Cx = 5pF, Cs keys = 4.7nF, Cs wheel/slider = 15nF, no spread-spectrum network, Rb1 = 20k✡; circuit of Figure 2.1ParameterIdd (FR)DescriptionAverage supply current,Free Run modeMinTyp3.62.21.91.61.3<165<75<6Max8UnitsmANotesVdd = 5.0Vdd = 4.0Vdd = 3.6Vdd = 3.3Vdd = 2.8Vdd = 3.0Vdd = 3.0Vdd = 3.0Required for start-up, w/o externalreset cctIdd (LP280)Idd (LP760)Idd (Sleep)VddsVilVhlVolVohIilArAverage supply current,280ms LP modeAverage supply current,760ms LP modeAverage supply current,Sleep modeSupply turn-on slopeLow input logic levelHigh input logic levelLow output voltageHigh output voltageInput leakage currentAcquisition resolutionVdd-0.510000.7VddµAµAµAV/s0.3VddVdd0.5±1VVVVµAbits7mA sink2.5mA source8Lq15QT1106-ISG R8I.05/09067.5 Signal Processing Vdd = 5.0V, Ta = recommended, Cx = 5pF, Cs keys = 4.7nF, Cs wheel/slider = 15nF, no spread-spectrum network, Rb1 = 20k✡; circuit of Figure 2.1DescriptionDetection threshold (keys)Detection threshold (wheel/slider)Detection hysteresis (keys)Detection hysteresis (wheel/slider)DI filter, start of touch, normalmodeDI filter, start of touch, fast DImodeDI filter, end of touchAnti-detection thresholdAnti-detection filterFaulty channel filterMaximum On-durationValue10402562286110, 20,60,infiniteUnitscountscountscountscountssamplessamplessamplescountssamplessamplessecsNotesThreshold for increase in Cx loadChangeable through SPI12.5% of wheel/slider detection threshold.Must be consecutive or detection failsMust be consecutive or detection failsThreshold for decrease of Cx loadIn these modes: Free Run, 200ms LP, 280ms LP, Sync with 55Hz syncLq16QT1106-ISG R8I.05/09067.6 Idd CurvesTable 7.1 Typical Average Idd Curves (No Spread Spectrum)Cs (keys) = 4.7nF, Cs (wheel) = 15nF Ta = 200, no spread-spectrum circuit (see Figure 2.1).QT1106 Idd (Free Run mode) mA4.03.0)Am(2.0 ddI1.00.02.533.544.555.5Vdd (V)QT1106 Idd (LP 280ms mode) uA750600)A450u( ddI30015002.533.544.555.5Vdd (V)QT1106 Idd (LP 760ms mode) uA250200)A150u( ddI1005002.533.544.555.5Vdd (V)lQRb1 = 20k ohmsRb1 = 18k ohmsRb1 = 15k ohmsQT1106 Idd (LP 200ms mode) uA12501000)A750m( dd500I25002.533.544.555.5Vdd (V)QT1106 Idd (LP 440ms mode) uA500400)A300u( ddI20010002.533.544.555.5Vdd (V)QT1106 Idd (Sleep mode) uA18161412)Au10( dd8I202.533.544.555.5Vdd (V)17QT1106-ISG R8I.05/0906Table 7.2 Typical Average Idd Curves (Spread Spectrum)Cs (keys) = 4.7nF, Cs (wheel) = 15nF Ta = 200, spread-spectrum circuit (see Figure 2.1).Rb1 = 15k ohms, Rb2 = 27k ohms, Css = 100nFRb1 = 12k ohms, Rb2 = 22k ohms, Css = 100nFRb1 = 12k ohms, Rb2 = 27k ohms, Css = 100nFQT1106 Idd (Free Run mode) mA4.03.0)Am(2.0 ddI1.00.02.533.544.555.5Vdd (V)QT1106 Idd (LP 280ms mode) uA750600)A450u( ddI30015002.533.544.555.5Vdd (V)QT1106 Idd (LP 760ms mode) uA250200)A150u( ddI1005002.533.544.555.5Vdd (V)lQQT1106 Idd (LP 200ms mode) uA12501000)A750m( dd500I25002.533.544.555.5Vdd (V)QT1106 Idd (LP 440ms mode) uA500400)A300u( ddI20010002.533.544.555.5Vdd (V)QT1106 Idd (Sleep mode) uA18161412)Au10( dd8I202.533.544.555.5Vdd (V)QT1106-ISG R8I.05/0906187.7 Mechanical - 32-QFN PackageDimensionsInMillimetersSymbolMinimumNominalMaximumA0.70-0.95A10.000.020.05b0.180.250.32C-0.20REF-D4.905.005.10D23.05-3.65E4.905.005.10E23.05-3.65e-0.50-L0.300.400.50y0.00-0.075Note: there is no functional requirement for the large pad on the underside of the32-QFN package to be soldered to the substrate. If the final application does require thisarea to be soldered for mechanical reasons, the pad(s) to which it is soldered to must beisolated and contained under the 32-QFN footprint only.7.8 Part MarkingQRG PartNumberQT1106©QRG 8IPin 1 IdentificationQRGRevisionCodeYYWWGrun nr.Two lines of text to ensure product traceability:'YY' = Year of manufacture,'WW' = Week of manufacture,'G' = Green/RoHS Compliant,'run nr.' = Run NumberlQ19QT1106-ISG R8I.05/0906lQ Copyright © 2006 QRG Ltd. All rights reserved.Patented and patents pendingCorporate Headquarters1 Mitchell PointEnsign Way, Hamble SO31 4RFGreat BritainTel: +44 (0)23 8056 5600 Fax: +44 (0)23 8045 3939www.qprox.comNorth America651 Holiday Drive Bldg. 5 / 300Pittsburgh, PA 15220 USATel: 412-391-7367 Fax: 412-291-1015This device is covered under one or more United States and corresponding international patents. QRG patent numbers can be foundonline at www.qprox.com. Numerous further patents are pending, which may apply to this device or the applications thereof.The specifications set out in this document are subject to change without notice. All products sold and services supplied by QRG aresubject to our Terms and Conditions of sale and supply of services which are available online at www.qprox.com and are supplied withevery order acknowledgement. QRG trademarks can be found online at www.qprox.com. QRG products are not suitable for medical(including lifesaving equipment), safety or mission critical applications or other similar purposes. Except as expressly set out in QRG'sTerms and Conditions, no licenses to patents or other intellectual property of QRG (express or implied) are granted by QRG inconnection with the sale of QRG products or provision of QRG services. QRG will not be liable for customer product design andcustomers are entirely responsible for their products and applications which incorporate QRG's products.Development Team: Lim Wei Jiun, Martin Simmons, Alan Bowens, Luben Hristov

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