2020人教版高中英语选择性必修二课文翻译

UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS

To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old problems from a new angle, requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science. —Albert Einstein&Leopold Infeld

提出新的问题，新的可能性，从新的角度看待老问题，需要创造性的想象力，标志着科学的真正进步。

—(美)阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦(Albert Einstein),(波兰)利奥波德·英费尔德(Leopold Infeld)

Reading and Thinking

JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”

Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor. John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.

In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in

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1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.

Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks.

The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.

Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover,

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in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.

约输•战胜“霍乱王”

在英国医生约翰・向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。它可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。十九世纪初，崔乱暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰・医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医。甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。

关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。一种看法是空气污染引发，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，便开始调查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查明原因。

首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。宽街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是16号、37号、38号及40号住宅)，但是有些住户(如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡。这些幸存者在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作，酒吧为他们提供免费啤酒，因此没有喝水泵抽上来的水。怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。此外，在伦敦的另一个区域，一名妇女和她的女儿从宽街搬来后死于霍乱。该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。有了这个证据，约翰·就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。这一干预举措遏制了疾病的蔓延。

事情的是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。此外，之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。有些公司出售的水取自被未处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯浄水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。

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经过的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。然而，霍乱仍是问题。每年全球有数百万人感染霍乱，其中许多人因此丧生。幸运的是，由于约翰・的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。此外，通过使用地图和数据，改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，被誉为现代流行病学之父。

Using Language

Talk about scientific experiences 听力原文

Judy: Oh, I’m so sorry that you were ill and couldn’t come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?

Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?

Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games. It was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!

Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?

Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You’ll never guess what those bright lights were!

Bill: Come on, tell me!

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Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me, in every colour of the rainbow!

Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more.

Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 metres away.

Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you.

Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I’d love to go there again!

Bill: That sounds like a great idea!

Write about what makes a great scientist THE FATHER OF CHINA’S AEROSPACE

Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with \"great scientific thought and scientific spirit\" who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well-respected man.

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Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.

Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies. Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology. As a graduate assistant at the California institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion, and in the 1940s, he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA’S leading space-exploration centres.

After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US Qian returned to China in 1955. He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme. At that time, China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped. No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major, and there were no talents or experts in this field in China. Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge. When asked \"Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?” his reply was a determined \"Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.”

Under Qians leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets. In 1970, China successful launched its first man-made satellite, Dong Fang Hong I, from a Long March rocket. Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qian’s research, Qian earned the name of \"the father of Chinas aerospace.”

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Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable, especially in the area of frontier science research. However,what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. His deep appreciation for art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research.

On 31 October 2009, the whole country was saddened by Qians death, and people honoured and remembered him in different ways.

中国航天之父

也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。钱学森备受人们的尊敬，《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他是一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且热爱祖国、勤勉努力、甘于奉献成就斐然。

钱学森1911年生于杭州，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。不过，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。

1935年，钱学森前往美国读研究生。二十世纪三四十年代，钱学森成为美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术的先驱人物。二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时，钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作。二十世纪四十年代，钱学森与其他几人成立了喷气推进实验室，该实验室现已成为美国宇航局领先的太空探素中心之一。

留学美国的最后几年，钱学森克服困难，于1955年回到中国。他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。那时候，中国还很贫穷，火箭科学尚不发达。中国没有一所学院或大学开设火箭科学专业，而且没有该领域的人才或专家。然而，钱学森并不气馁，而是接受挑战。有人问他:“我们中国人有可能制造出导弹吗?他的回答十分坚定:“有什么不能的，外国人能

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造出来的，我们中国人同样能造得出来。”

在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭。1970年，中国使用“长征”火箭成功发射本国第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”。由于“神舟”系列火箭的大部分技术也可追根溯源到钱学森的研究，因此钱学森被誉为”中国航天之父“。

钱学森博览群书，尤其在前沿科学研究领域知识极其渊博。然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。他深厚的艺术鉴赏力时常给科研工作带来灵感。

2009年10月31日，钱学森逝世，举国哀痛，人们以各种方式纪念他缅怀他。

Video Time

视频脚本

Why Is It Important to Explore?

Narrator: Why is it important to explore?

Emily Ainsworth: It’s part of human nature to be curious and to want to learn more about the world.

Juan Martinez: It’s where you find yourself, where you find new things, where you grow.

Laly Lichtenfeld: It keeps life exciting. I mean that’s what exploring is about.

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Clare Fieseler: That’s what drives people to, like, the highest mountains and the deepest crevices. I don’t think that will ever stop.

Lee Berger: We think we know this place, but we don’t. We think we know ourselves, but we don’t. We think we understand how things work, but we don’t.

Catherine Workman: By knowing what’s out there, we care about what’s out there.

Cory Richards: And if we have more to care about, then we engage more fully with our world and more fully with our human family, and we act—you know—with love.

Lee Berger: That’s why exploration is so fundamentally important.

Narrator: Humans have always explored. We want to understand this planet we live on. We use the high-tech tools of science to help us explore. There’s still so much we want to know about the other creatures who share our planet. There’s still so much we want to know about the people who came before us. There’s still so much more to explore

Various Explorers: It’s totally amazing: the first flight of a butterfly with a tag.

We can take these technologies, go to places that are totally inaccessible to us otherwise, and actually explore them as if with our own eyes.

That’s it, baby. Come to papa

We just discovered a new species of frog.

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This is fabulous.

We’re successful.

OK, release.

In 16 drops, we found eight new species of fish.

Look. Wow. It’s really important right now to get involved and do science that helps conservation.

It’s incredible. I love it. I love it.

I woke up. I could feel a polar bear pushing on the tent.

Nobody would need a coffee if you got woken up by a bear.

We have never seen anything like this.

There’s a lot of questions that, honestly, I thought had already been answered that were nowhere near understanding yet.

There’s still a last frontier, and I think there’s work for generations of explorers

If it was easy, someone else would do it.

WORKBOOK

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Listening and Speaking

听力原文

China Sets Record with Deep-sea Dive

On 27 June 2012, China became only the fifth country to send a manned submarine into the deep sea when its ship, the Jiaolong, reached a depth of 7,062 metres in the Pacific Oceans Mariana Trench. Three men, Ye Cong, Liu Kaizhou, and Yang Bo, took part in this eleven-hour mission, which saw them spend three hours on the ocean floor. While there, they collected samples and conducted research. Only two other submarines have succeeded in diving deeper into the ocean, and the Jiaolong is the only manned submarine left in the world capable of working at such depths. Jian Lin, a researcher at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts noted that the achievement is a symbol of “China’s increasing leadership in scientific exploration of the deep ocean\". In the future, this 8-metre-long submarine will be used for a deep-water survey of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans.

China Creates World’s First Quantum Computing Machine

On 3 May 2017, Chinese researchers Pan Jianwei and his colleagues announced that they had created the world’s first quantum computing machine, at a press conference in Shanghai. At its most basic level, a regular computer processes data as a series of ones and zeros. This limits how fast it can go. The Chinese quantum computing machine uses photons, which can process much more data at the same time. This makes it much faster than regular computers. Indeed, the Chinese machine can process data 24,000 times quicker than regular computers. The quantum computing machine is still under development, and they have not

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been able to create a fully functioning quantum computer just yet. Pan reports that it may be another ten to twenty years before this dream can be realized.

Reading and Writing

AI AND HUMAN BEINGS

Is it possible to make machines think like humans? This is one question in research in the field of Artificial Intelligence, or “AI”. To think like a human, it involves feelings, morality, hopes, and dreams. Humans are capable of making decisions by themselves without input from others, and they can learn from experience. in addition, humans are able to create things from their own inspiration for their own pleasure. The question is whether machines can ever really think in all these aspects.

The ideas of a computer that is all-powerful and can think and make decisions for itself terrifies many people. In some films, AI even decides that all humans must be killed. Many people are also concerned that AI will be used to replace humans.

Yet others are comforted by the thought of AI. Maybe with AI, robots can be made to replace loved ones who have died. Today, the creation of all all-powerful computer capable of human thought is still in progress. We have companion robots, and it is likely that they will grow more important in our lives as time goes by. However, the need for such robots does not seem to be as critical as our need for intelligent machines that can solve problems by learning from their observations and experience.

For example, AI is already being used with great success in Internet search engines and

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as a personal assistant in our smartphones. It learns from our habits to help us find what we want and like. AI is also used to diagnose problems and suggest solutions. Researchers are also experimenting with the use of AI in driverless cars which can sense their surroundings and decide on the best way to reach a destination. It is also being used in education, particularly in online courses. Furthermore, industries that use robots for repetitive or dangerous work often turn to AI to manage these electronic workers. In addition, virtual assistants are also being used in some homes today. In the near futre, it is likely that AI will be used to manage smart homes and handle an even greater variety of tasks such as setting out favorite clothes and helping us with our personal grooming.

The AI of today has already proven its superiority to humans in many areas. Do you think that we can create a robot that thinks like a human or one that is even more intelligent? If so, is there truly a difference between AI and a human?

UNIT 2 BRIDGING CULTURES

I am not the same, having seen the moon shine on the other side of the world. —Mary Anne Radmacher

我已经不是原来的自己,因为我在世界的另一边看见了闪亮的月亮。—玛丽·安妮·拉德曼切尔

Reading and Thinking

WELCOME, XIE LEI

BUSINESS STUDENT BUILDING BRIDGES

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Six months ago, 19-year-old Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends and boarded a plane for London. It was the first time that she had left China. “I was very excited but also quite nervous. I didn’t know what to expect,” Xie Lei recalled.

Xie Lei is studying for a business qualification at a university in China and has come to our university on a year-long exchange programme. “I chose the exchange programme because I wanted to learn about global business and improve my English. My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation, “she explained.

At first, Xie Lei had to adapt to life in a different country. “You have to get used to a whole new life.” she said. I had to learn how to use public transport and how to ask for things I didn’t know the English names for. When I got lost, I had to ask passers-by for help, but people here speak fast and use words I’m not familiar with. I ask them to repeat themselves a lot!”

Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation, Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptation to the new culture. When I miss home, I feel comforted to have a second family, Xie Lei said “When there’s something I don’t know or understand I can ask them. They are also keen to learn about China. Laura, the daughter of my host family, wants to study in China in the future. We take turns to cook each evening. They really love my stir-fried tomatoes and eggs! Laura says she always feels hungry when she smells it, so I taught her how to cook it, too.

Another challenge for Xie Lei is the academic requirements. The first time that she had to write an essay, her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought! Xie Lei was

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confused because she thought she knew less than other people. Her tutor advised her to read lots of information in order to form a wise opinion of her own.

Xie Lei also found many courses included students’ participation in class as part of the final result. Students need to generate ideas, offer examples, apply concepts, and raise questions, as well as give presentations. At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say, but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. “My presentation on traditional Chinese art was a great success, which boosted my confidence,” she said. “I’ll use these skills back home for presentations. They ‘ll help me build a strong business in the future.”

Now halfway through her exchange year, Xie Lei feels much more at home in the UK. What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to her. “Engaging in British culture has helped, she said. “As well as studying hard, I’ve been involved in social activities. British people are fascinated by our culture and eager to learn more about it, so I’m keen to share my culture with them. While I’m learning about business I’m also acting as a cultural messenger building a bridge between us.

We will follow Xie Lei’s progress in later editions, but for now we wish her all the best.

“欢迎你，谢蕾!”

商科学生搭建文化交流的桥梁

半年前，19岁的谢蕾告别家人和朋友，登上了飞往伦敦的班机。这是她第一次离开中国。”我很激动，也很紧张，不知道会发生什么。”谢蕾回忆道。

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谢蕾在中国一所大学攻读商科，来我校参加为期一年的交流项目。”之所以选择这个交流项目，是因为我想了解全球商务，并提高我的英语水平。我的志向是毕业后在中国创办一家企业。”她解释道。

起初，谢蕾不得不去适应异国他乡的生活。”你必须习惯种全新的生活。”她说，”我得学会使用公共交通，学会要到我不知道英文名称的东西。迷路时，我得向路人求助但是这里的人讲话语速很快，而且使用的是我不熟悉的单词。我老是让他们重复!”

虽然一些留学生住在学校里，但是谢蕾选择住在寄宿家庭有助于她适应异国文化。”有第二个家，想家时我会得到些安慰。”谢蕾说。”当我有不知道或不理解的事情时，我可以咨询他们。他们对中国也很感兴趣，我房东的女儿劳拉将来想到中国求学。我们每晚轮流做饭，他们真的很爱吃我做的番茄炒蛋!劳拉说，每次闻到香味，她就感到饥肠辘辘，于是我教她做这道菜。

谢蕾面临的另一个挑战是学业要求。她第一次写论文时，导师跟她解释说，如果引用别人的观点就一定要注明，不过他主要还是想了解她本人的观点!谢蕾困惑不解，因为她觉得自己懂得没有别人多。她的导师建议她广泛阅读文献，形成自己睿智的观点。

此外，谢蕾发现很多课程的最终成绩都包含学生的课堂参与。学生需要形成观点、提供例子、运用概念、提出问题并且还要进行展示。刚开始的时候，谢蕾不知道该说些什么。但令她惊喜的是，仅仅几周时间，她就能在课堂上大胆发言了。”我的中国传统艺术展示非常成功，提升了我的自信心。”她说，”回国后，我会将这些技能运用到展示中，帮助我未来打造一家强大的企业。”

一年的交换生生涯现已过半，谢蕾感觉在英国过得轻松自如多了。以前看似奇怪的事情现在对她来说显得十分平常。融入英国文化使我受益匪浅。”她说，”努力学习之余我还参加了一些社交活动。英国人对我们的文化十分着迷渴望了解更多中国文化，因此我也乐于同他们分享。攻读商科的同时，我也扮演着文化使者的角色，在中外文化之间架起一座桥梁。

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我们会在随后的几期中跟踪报道谢蕾的进展情况，但现在我们祝她一切顺利。

Using language

听力原文

Host: This morning were looking at Chinese language learning around the world. We’re very pleased to welcome Aisha Khan, who is from the Confucius institute in Karachi, Pakistan. Good morning, Aisha. First, tell us how you came to speak Chinese so well!

Aisha Khan: Morning. Well, because I had a great teacher, Ms Hu! She is the best Chinese teacher in my city.

Host: So what makes her such a great teacher?

Aisha Khan: Well, apart from language, she taught us about Chinese culture, and we came to love it.

Host: Oh, really, what sort of things did she teach you?

Aisha Khan: Well, once she taught us how to make dumplings. She said that during Chinese New Year, families usually sit together and make dumplings. Eating those delicious dumplings together in Ms Hu’s home, we felt like family!

Host: She sounds like a great teacher, I bet she’s a great inspiration, too. Is that why you became a teacher yourself?

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Aisha Khan: Absolutely. She knew the important role language and cultural exchange would play in the future. I wanted to carry on her work, so I joined the institute as a teacher.

Host: Has the institute changed a lot since then?

Aisha Khan: Yes. At first, we only had a few students and teachers. Now we have many more. The institute is also a centre for Chinese activities, like a bridge into China.

Host: So why do you think it’s been so successful?

Aisha Khan: Well, I think learning Chinese has become important for many people, and Chinese culture is famous around the world.

Host: It is, isn’t it? I believe its importance has grown because trade between China and Pakistan has increased.

Aisha Khan: Definitely. And as Ms Hu believes, breaking down language and cultural barriers brings the world together.

Host: Your students must also feel that learning Chinese is beneficial to their future.

Aisha Khan: Indeed. Many students go to work at Chinese companies. It’s great to see them go on to strengthen our connection with China.

Host: You seem to love your job.

Aisha Khan: Oh, certainly. It’s very satisfying.

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Host: Oh, that’s great to hear! Well, thanks for joining us. It was a pleasure talking with you. Carry on the good work.

Express your opinions on studying abroad STUDYING ABROAD: IS IT A GOOD OR ABAD IDEA?

Dear Editor,

In the past few decades, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of people studying abroad. Although studying abroad can bring great benefits, I think the disadvantages for young people are greater.

To begin with, many students who study abroad face great economic pressure. That means studying abroad is just not possible for everyone. Tuition fees and living expenses are much more expensive than at home and could end up costing most families an arm and a leg. Studying in China is much more convenient and can help save money.

Another important factor to consider is the tremendous pressure that comes with studying abroad. Students must learn how to live in an unfamiliar environment with limited language skills. Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learning how to behave in new surroundings. Other students are not mature enough to handle the challenges by themselves and may become depressed. Some students might even encounter problems with personal safety. In addition, different approaches to teaching and learning may come as a shock to many students.

A final point to consider is that while studying abroad does have potential benefits, young

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people who study in China also have a great future to look forward to! As China has boomed the educational environment has improved significantly, with many great universities now available. They have great facilities and outstanding professors, helping to educate young people who will contribute to the economy and further strengthen our country.

To sum up, one cannot deny the fact that studying abroad has its disadvantages, so when you think about studying abroad you should consider these many factors.

Kind regards,

Wang Li (mother of twin girls)

Dear Editor,

Is studying abroad a good idea or not? There are certainly disadvantages, but in my opinion, the advantages are much greater. As I always tell my son, there are no great difficulties or a person who is brave, optimistic, and willing to work hard!

The first advantage of studying abroad is personal growth. The education you gain and the experiences you have will change you for the better. For example, you will certainly become more independent because you will have to deal with all kinds of difficulties by yourself. Studying abroad also helps you to gain a global perspective and improve your general competence.

Another advantage is the increased chance for cultural exchange. Chinese students can be seen as cultural envoy promoting friendship between nations. International students in China also bring their colourful cultures here. Cooperating with people from diverse cultural

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backgrounds helps us view the world from different angles and thus gives us more insight into our own culture.

Finally, studying abroad provides a great opportunity to contribute to the development of our motherland. China’s global outlook, with projects such as the Belt and Road Initiative, has helped us make connections across the world. Therefore, China needs more talented young people with a global perspective who are highly competent with languages have leadership and organisational skills, and have strong cultural awareness. Students who study abroad will develop such skills and abilities, and these in turn will provide them with better career opportunities.

All in all, studying abroad helps to build character and increase people’s understanding of cultural diversity while strengthening China and building a shared future for all. I think this life-changing experience is certainly worthwhile and I hope my child will study abroad in the future.

Sincerely yours,

Zhang Yi(father of one boy)

留学: 好主意，还是坏主意?

尊敬的编辑,

过去几十年里，留学人数急剧增长。尽管留学大有裨益但我认为，留学对年轻人来说是弊大于利。

首先，许多留学生面临着巨大的经济压力，这意味着并非每个人都有留学的可能。国外的学费和

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生活开销比国内昂贵得多，大部分家庭最终可能要花费一大笔钱。而在中国读书则更加方便，还能省钱。

需要考虑的另一个重要因素是留学所带来的巨大压力。学生必须学会靠有限的语言技能在一个陌生的环境中生活在学习如何在新环境中举止得体时，有些学生可能会感到吃力，并承受文化冲击的折磨，另一些学生则还不够成熟，无法应付各种挑战，因而感到苦闷。有些学生甚至会遭遇人身安全问题。此外，不同的教和学的方式对很多学生来说也是一种冲击。

最后要考虑的一点是:尽管留学有诸多潜在的益处，但是在中国读书的年轻人同样未来可期!随着中国的蓬勃发展，教育环境己大为改观，优质大学比比皆是。这些高校拥有一流的设施和杰出的教授，助力培养为经济作贡献、进步增强我国实力的年轻人。

综上所述，我们无法否认的事实是:留学有其弊端。因此当你想要海外求学时，应当考虑上述诸多因素。

致问候!

王丽(一对双胞胎女孩的母亲)

尊敬的编辑,

留学是个好主意还是坏主意呢?留学当然有其弊端，但我认为利大于弊。我时常告诫我儿子，对勇敢、乐观、愿意拼搏的人来说，世上无难事!

留学的第一个好处就是个人成长。你获得的教育和拥有的经历将有助于你提升自我。例如，由于你需要独自应对各种困难，你一定会变得更加。留学还有助于你获得全球视野，提升综合能力。

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留学的另一个好处是获得更多文化交流的机会。中国留学生可被视为增进国际友谊的文化使者。在华的外国留学生也带来他们丰富多彩的文化。与来自不同文化背景的人合作有助于我们从不同视角看待世界，进而让我们对自己的文化有更深入的了解。

最后，留学是为祖国的发展作出贡献的好机会。中国 “一带一路”倡议等项目的全球前景帮助我们与世界建立联系。因此，中国需要更多有オ能、有国际视野、语言能力极强具有领导力和组织能力、拥有强烈文化意识的年轻人。海外求学的学生能够培养这类技能，而这些技能反过来又将为他们带来更好的就业机会。

总而言之，出国留学有助于塑造人格，增加人们对文化多样性的了解，同时增强中国的实力，为大家打造一个共同的未来。我觉得这段改变人生的经历肯定是值得的，我希望孩子将来能出国留学。

此致敬礼

张毅(一个男孩的父亲)

UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE

“Food brings people together on many different levels. It’s nourishment of the soul and body; it’s truly love.”

—Giada De Laurentiis

食物在许多不同的层面上把人们聚集在一起，它是心灵和身体的养料，是真正的爱。

——吉娅达•德•劳伦

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Reading and Thinking

CULTURE AND CUISINE

The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote, “Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are.” Put more simply, this means “You are what you eat.” Most people today relate this saying to healthy eating. However, Brillat-savarin was actually referring to our personality, character, and culture.

Certainly, in many ways this seems to be true. Chinese cuisine is a case in point. Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes. For example, America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken, which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce, favoured with hot red peppers. This is probably not an authentic Chinese recipe, however, so it cannot tell us much about the Chinese. On the other hand, it does tell us a lot about Americans. It tells us, for example, that Americans love bold, simple favours. And since the dish was also invented recently, it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try new foods.

Later, I had a chance to experience authentic Chinese food by coming to China. When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing. A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend, and finally, we found it. Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten. With this, we had the pleasure of experiencing an entirely new taste: Sichuan pepper corns. The food was wonderful and different, but what was even more important was the friendship offered us.

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We soon moved to Shandong Province in the eastern part of North China. My favourite dish there was boiled dumplings served with vinegar. I observed that family is important to the people there. It has become a favourite traditional dish of the people in North China, where making dumplings has always been a family affair with everyone—from the youngest to the oldest—joining in to help. Later, I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions.

Then we moved to northern Xinjiang. Some of our friends were Kazak and Inner Mongolian. These groups traditionally wandered the open range on horses. As a result, their traditional foods are what you can cook over an open fire—usually boiled or roasted meat, such as lamb kebab.

Our travels then took us to South China, and then on to central China. In each place we went, we experienced wonderful local dishes, from Guangdong’s elegant dimsum—small servings of food in bamboo steamers—to the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan. Everywhere, the food was as varied as the people. However, one thing is always true: Through food, Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness.

At a minimum, the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead, and what they like and do not like. Could we also say, for example, that those who like bold flavours are bold themselves? Or, that those who like spicy food tend to have a hot temper? Maybe. Maybe not. What we can say, however, is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand, and if you do not experience one, you can never really know the other.

文化与美食

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法国作家让・安泰尔姆・布里亚-萨瓦兰曾写道: “告诉我你平时吃什么，我就可以说出你是个什么样的人。”简单地说，这句话就是“人如其食”的意思。如今，大多数人把这条谚语与健康饮食联系起来“然而，布里亚-萨瓦兰实际上指的是我们的个性、品格及文化。

当然，从很多方面来看，此话不假。中国菜就是个很好的例子。来中国之前，我只在美国接触过中式烹任，那里的中国食物已被改变，以适应美国人的口味。例如，在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠鸡”，它在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱，再佐以煸炒过的红辣椒制成。然而，这或许并不是地道的中餐做法，因此并不能让我们对中国人了解多少。不过在另一方面，它确实让我们对美国人了解很多。例如，这道菜说明美国人喜爱浓烈、简单的口味。此外，由于这道菜也是新发明，说明美国人不惧怕尝试新的菜品。

后来，我来到中国，有机会品尝地道的中国食物。我与家人刚刚抵达中国，便在北京找一个好地方吃饭。一位朋友之前向我们推荐过一家川菜馆，最终我们找到了这家餐馆。我们疲惫不堪，饥肠辘辘，也不认识一个汉字，不知道该怎么点餐，所以厨师径自在我们的桌子上摆满食物;那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。于是，我们高高兴兴地体验了种全新的口味:四川花椒。食物妙不可言、与众不同，但更为重要的是我们所获得的友谊。

不久，我们到了位于华北东部的山东省。在那里我最喜爱的食物是蘸着醋吃的水饺。我发现那里的人都很重视家庭水饺已成为华北人民最喜爱的一种传统食物:包饺子一直是一项全员参与的家庭活动，无论老少都会加入进来帮忙。后来，我了解到，最有名的山东食物是煎饼卷大葱。

随后，我们又到了北部。我们的一些朋友是哈萨克族人和内蒙古人。传统上，他们骑着马在广阔的草原上漫步因此，他们的传统食物在篝火上烹制而成，通常是水煮肉或烤肉，例如羊肉串 接着，我们前往华南，之后又去了华中。我们每到一处，都会品尝当地美食，有广东的精致点心一一那是放在竹蒸笼里笼出来的小份食品，还有河南独特的烩面。所到之处的美食与当地人一样精彩纷呈。然而，有一件事始终不变:每个地方的中国人都通过食物展现友情与善意。

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当地人的食物种类至少能让我们知道该地区种植什么作物、人们过着怎样的生活以及他们的爱憎。例如，我们是否也能这样推断，喜欢重口味的人性格粗犷?还是喜欢辛辣食物的人往往牌气火暴？也许是的，也许又不是。但是，我们可以确定的是，文化和美食这两者息息相关，如果你没有体验过其中的一个，你就永远无法真正了解另一个。

Using language

听力原文

Tingting: Welcome to my favourite Hunan Restaurant! I hope you enjoy it!

Anna: Thanks, Tingting. I’m very excited. I had never even heard of Hunan cuisine until you invited us.

Lisa: But what kind of food is Hunan cuisine exactly? Is it spicy like Sichuan food?

Tingting: It’s even spicier, Lisa! But the flavour is somewhat different from Sichuan cuisine. The heat In Sichuan cuisine comes from chillies and Sichuan peppercorns. Hunan cuisine is often hotter, and the heat usually comes from just chillies.

Anna: But why do Hunan people prefer such spicy food?

Tingting: Well, Hunan people will tell you that they like bold flavours because they are a bold people. But many Chinese people think that hot food helps them overcome the effects of rainy or wet weather, and it is often wet in Hunan as well as in other places in the south, such as Sichuan and Chongqing.

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Lisa: So what shall we order?

Tingting: I recommend the steamed fish head covered with chillies. I know fish head may sound strange, but the meat is quite tender and there are very few small bones, so everyone loves it.

Lisa: OK. And what’s this here: dry pot duck with golden buns?

Tingting: It’s duck stir-fried with garlic, ginger, and black bean paste, and it has some bread with it. It’s quite good, but I suggest the bridge tofu instead, as it has a lighter taste.

Lisa: Yes, let’s order that.

Tingting: Now, what else would you like to eat, Lisa.

Lisa: I’m really hungry for some pork.

Tingting: Well, then you should have the red braised pork(红烧猪肉). It’s the most famous Hunan dish.

Anna: Why is that?

Tingting: Well, Chairman Mao was from Hunan, and this was his favourite food.

Anna: Oh, that’s interesting. Let’s have that then.

Tingting: So, we’re ready to order? waitress!

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课文文本和翻译

HEALTHY EATING

There is much debate nowadays as to what makes up a healthy diet. For example, scientists have insisted for years that a big enemy of health is fatty food. However, there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar. Heart disease is the number one killer of Americans. And in America, people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day (Journal of the American Medical Association, 2014). This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be. Put more simply, while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer.

Much of this extra sugar comes from sweets and sweet drinks. The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone. The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar, which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar. In other words, if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on desserts, and cut out sweet drinks altogether.

Beyond this, you can keep healthy by consuming different categories of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables, which are full of vitamins and fibre, rather than processed foods. Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher quantities of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients. Besides this, it is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy products in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle

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growth. As with everything in life, moderation is key. The ideal diet is a balanced one, without too much or too little of any one thing.

Finally, a fundamental key to healthy eating is to eat slowly. It takes about twenty minutes from the time you start eating for your brain to tell your body that you are full. What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry. Eating slowly also allows your body to digest your food better, and will allow you to enjoy your food more. In addition, studies show that consistent eating habits, for example, taking three meals a day at the same time each day, are better for our health. It is also better to eat a modest amount of food each time, rather than to eat a lot in one meal, and then a little in the next.

There is no one trick to healthy eating. Rather, healthy eating starts with having a healthy attitude towards food. One question you can ask yourself is, “Do I eat to live, or live to eat?” If you are using food mostly for nutrition, then you are on the right track with your diet. However, if food has become the centre of your life, you might be on the road to bad health. It is up to you to decide how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet.

健康饮食

当下，何为健康饮食仍众说纷纭。例如，多年来科学家一直认为健康的大敌是高脂肪食物。然而，越来越多的证据表明，导致不良健康的真正因素并非高脂肪食物，而是糖分。心脏病是美国人的头号杀手。在美国，每天从糖分中摄取25％或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10％的人的两倍(《美国医学会杂志》，2014年)。无论他们饮食的其他方面多么健康，都确实如此。简单地说当人们还在为高脂肪食物是否有害而争论不休时，我们已经知晓糖分是健康杀手。

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多余的糖分大多来自甜食和甜饮料。一个普通的美国人单从甜饮料中摄取的糖分就占三分之一。美国心脏协会建议我们将每日糖摄入量在100至150卡路里以下，少于一听甜饮料或一块糖果通常所含的糖分。换言之，要想身体健康，就必须少吃甜点，完全禁饮甜饮料。

除此以外，为了保持身体健康，你还可以食用不同种类的新鲜食物，尤其是富含维生素和纤维素的水果和蔬菜，而不是加工食品。相比新鲜食材，加工食品通常营养成分较低，糖分、盐分和脂肪含量更高。此外，饮食中摄取一些肉类、豆类或奶制品也十分重要，因为这些食物为强壮骨骼、肌肉生长提供必要的蛋白质。适量是关键，生活中万事均如此。理想的饮食是均衡饮食，避免过多或过少摄入任何一种成分。

最后，健康饮食的基本要诀是细嚼慢咽。开始进食大约20分钟后，你的大脑才会告知你的身体“你吃饱了”。这意味着咀嚼过快的人最终会吃太多食物，因为他们仍然感到饥饿。细嚼慢咽还能让你的身体更好地消化食物、更充分地享受美食。此外，研究表明，有规律的饮食习惯对我们的健康更有好处，例如，每天固定时间食用三餐。而且最好每餐摄入适量的食物，而不是上一餐吃很多，下一餐吃得很少。

健康饮食没有诀窍。相反，健康饮食始于健康的饮食态度。你可以问自己一个问题:“我是为了活着而吃饭，还是为了吃饭而活着?”如果你吃饭主要是为了吸取营养，那么你已经在饮食上走对了路子。然而，如果食物已成为你生活的核心，那么你可能已踏上不健康之路。你想如何生活如何做出正确的饮食决择，这完全取决于你自己。

Video Time

视频脚本

What Are You Eating in Australia?

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Narrator: Australians love food. Whether an exotic twist on traditional fare or an untested flavour, they are not afraid to experiment. But there’s an unfamiliar cuisine crawling onto menus Down Under, challenging the bravest of diners---bugs. At upmarket restaurants like this one in Sydney, a twist of lime and a dash of salt has these crickets flying out of the kitchen.

Nowshad Alam Rasel(Chef):When the customers want, when they come (for the) first time, they have to, they have the very very much like wants to know what it is. They’ll come through the pass. They’re asking for it. Yeah, it’s very famous here.

Narrator: High in protein and cheaper and more sustainable than traditional food like beef, more than two billion people worldwide eat bugs. They’re common in diets across parts of Asia, Latin America, and Africa. And it’s catching on here.

Skye Blackburn (Entomologist):Normally you get two different kinds of people when it comes to eating insects, so the first kind of people are completely grossed out and um, you really can’t change their mind. They just kind of want to come and have a look and don’t want to try it really. But then we get the second kind of people that really want to learn more and um some of them will try edible insects and some of them won’t, but they’ll go away and talk about eating insects and they’ll spread the word about what they’ve seen that day.

Narrator: Skye, an entomologist, runs the only commercial insect farm in Australia, producing a wide range of delicacies, from savoury crickets to dehydrated ants, and even roasted cockroaches insects remain a hard sell, but bug by bug, that could be starting to change.

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Guy MEE wan: So I’m going to go a big gob. Yeah, it’s great! I love them, I love bugs.

Danny Stagnitta: Sometimes when you move the packet, it looks like they’re alive.

Narrator: While the unique treat is proving popular at farmers markets and trendy eateries, it may be some time yet before bugs are a regular feature on Aussie dinner tables

WORKBOOK

Listening and Speaking

--听力原文--

Paul: I’ m glad you could join me for dinner, Lin Tao.

Lin Tao: Thanks for inviting me. Wow this menu has so many items on it. I don’t know what to order.

Paul: I suggest the steak.

Lin Tao: Oh, I see it right here. That sounds good. I’ll take it.

Paul: Waitress

Waitress: Hello. Are you ready to order?

Paul: Yes, we’ll both have steaks.

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Waitress: And how would you like your steak, rare, medium, or well-done?

Paul: Rare

Waitress: And would you like fries or a baked potato with that?

Paul: Baked potato.

Waitress: And soup of the day or salad?

Paul: What’s the soup of the day?

Waitress: It’s French onion soup.

Paul: I think I’ll have the seafood salad, then.

Waitress: And your salad dressing(色拉酱调料)?

Paul: Do you have Thousand Island?

Waitress: Yes.

Paul: I’ll have that then.

Waitress: And what would you like to drink.

Paul: I’ll have an iced tea.

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Waitress: And you, sir? How would you like your steak?

Lin Tao: Oh, it’s all too much! I’ll just take whatever he’s having.

Waitress: All right. I’ll have your order right up.

Lin Tao: What did she ask you in the beginning about your steak?

Paul: Oh, she asked if I wanted it rare, medium, or well-done.

Lin Tao: What on earth does that mean?

Paul: Rare means that the steak is really red inside. Medium means that it’s pink. Well-done isn’t pink at all

Lin Tao: And then all the choices: kind of potato, soup or salad, salad dressing, and then drink. How do people handle all these choices?

Paul: Well, you get used to it. The beauty of eating out in America is that the food is always made just for you, exactly as you like it.

Lin Tao: That’s so different from China, where everyone shares the same food.

Paul: I know.

Reading and Writing

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To:****************

Subject: Life in China

Hi there, Aunt Joan!

How are you? Mum said you asked how I was doing, so let me tell you about my life here.

As you know, I’ve been in China for around a month now. I want to study in a local university, which is why I took those after-school Chinese classes. I decided on China because it’s a fast-developing country with trade links all over the world. Studying here could be useful in finding a good job in trade or business. What’s more, Chinese culture is really interesting, so choosing to come here was a no-brainer for me!

Having said that, China isn’t like I thought it might be. I thought it would be quite old and traditional, but in many ways, the cities are just as modern as back home in Vancouver, only with lots more people! There’s so much more food to try, too, and it’s all delicious! Everywhere I go, I see restaurants and snack stalls—it seems to be a big part of their culture. Food here is very reasonably priced, so it’s great for my budget. The people I meet are all very welcoming towards me as a foreigner, and I even seem to be a point of interest! However, hardly anyone speaks English in my area, so it can be a bit overwhelming at times. But I guess that’s why I’m here—to learn.

Right now, I’m studying every day for my HSK exam (a Chinese language qualification). But I also get a chance to explore the city. I usually get up extra early each morning to enjoy a freshly made breakfast on the street, and then I often visit a park. I’m not sure if you know,

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but I’m really interested in tai chi, so I spend a lot of time in the city parks practising with the locals. There’s a lot of traditional culture still alive in China. The parks are full of people playing traditional instruments, playing Chinese chess and, even, writing calligraphy on the ground with giant paintbrushes!

My long-term plan is to take a degree course here. But it all depends on my expenses, so I intend to find some work first. I’m staying in a hostel dormitory right now, but I’ve put an ad online to find a friendly Chinese family for a homestay. That way, my Chinese will improve much faster, especially my written Chinese, which I find the most difficult to grasp. I’ll get more exposure to Chinese culture, too. I hope I can learn some Chinese food recipes from them. I promise to make everyone a meal when I return!

Well, that’s all for now. I’ve attached a few photos for you. You would really love it here, so I hope you guys can visit China some time!

Take care!

Jim

UNIT 4 JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LAND

Travel far enough, you meet yourself. —David Mitchell

当你走得够远,就会最终遇见真实的自己。—大卫·米切尔

Reading and Thinking

37

JOURNEY A CROSS A VAST LAND

Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian went to Canada to visit their cousins in Halifax on the Atlantic coast. Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train. For both of them, the thought of crossing the whole county by rail was exciting.

Before starting out, they spent a couple of days in Vancouver, seeing the sights. During their first day, as is typical of Vancouver, it rained. Despite the weather, they were able to take a boat ride out into the bay, and later visit an island that had wonderful shops selling crafts and antiques. The next day was clear and mild, and they were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city. Later they took a pleasant hike in a forest just a short distance away.

The next morning, the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies. Seen from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty. They spent the night, and then took a coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper. Looking at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken. In addition to seeing spectacular mountain peaks and forests, one highlight of their trip was being able to see many different creatures, including deer, mountain goats, and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.

From Jasper, they caught the train towards Toronto. One of the train's first stops was in Edmonton, the provincial capital of Alberta, the centre of Canada's huge oil and gas drilling

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industry. Edmonton is freezing cold in winter, with daily temperatures averaging-10。C. Since it can be too cold to go outdoors, Edmonton is home to many shopping malls. In fact, one of the largest shopping malls in North America is in Edmonton.

From Edmonton, the train headed southeast across the great Canadian Prairie. At school, Daiyu and Liu Qian had leant that Canada's population is only slightly over thirty-seven million. However, they did not anticipate seeing such an open country, and were truly amazed. They went through two wheat-growing provinces, where they saw a bunch of farms that covered a very large area.

After another day on the train, eventually they were back in an urban area, the city of Winnipeg. From there, they travelled through the night, and woke up in Ontario — a land of forests and lakes. The train thundered on, through the rolling hills. The bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red, gold, and orange, and there was frost on the ground, confirming that autumn had arrived in Canada. Night came again, and the train turned south towards Toronto. When they woke up the next morning and pulled back the curtain, they could see the wide stretch of Lake Huron—one of the four Great Lakes on Ontario's southern border. It was not until 9: 30 a m. that they finally reached the capital of Ontario, Toronto. All in all, their trip from Vancouver to Toronto had taken a duration of four days.

坐火车看“真北方”温哥华与加拿大腹地

李黛予和表妹刘倩前往加拿大探望居住在大西洋海岸哈利法克斯市的表兄妹。她们没有一路乘坐商业航班，而是决定先飞到温哥华，然后再乘坐火车。一想到可以坐火车横穿整个国家，姐妹俩就激动不已。

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出发前，她们在温哥华待了两天，欣赏当地风光。第一天温哥华一如往常细雨蒙蒙。尽管天气不佳，她们仍然泛舟驶入海湾，接着游览了一座岛屿。岛上有精致的店铺，出售手工艺品和古董。

第二天，天气晴朗，温度适宜，她们看到壮美的群山俯瞰着整座城市，甚是欣喜。随后，她们在不远处的森林中徒步旅行，十分惬意 。次日清晨，两个女孩早早起床，登上开往路易斯湖的火车穿越加拿大落基山脉。从车窗往外望去，加拿大巍峨的山脉和辽阔的森林尽收眼底。火车到站后，她们乘坐出租车前往路易斯湖。那里湛蓝的湖水美丽异常，摄人心魄。住了夜之后，她们乘坐长途汽车，向北穿过加拿大落基山脉，直达贾斯珀。望着眼前的美景，两人一致认为这是她们所经历过的最棒的一次旅行。除了欣赏壮丽的山峰和森林，旅程的亮点之一是能看到种类繁多的动物，如鹿、山羊、甚至还有一只灰熊和一只老鹰。

在贾斯珀，她们坐上了开往多伦多的火车。火车的头几站中有一站是埃德蒙顿，这是阿尔伯塔的省会，也是加拿大庞大的油气开采业中心。埃德蒙顿冬季十分寒冷，日平均气温为零下10摄氏度。由于天寒地冻，不适合户外活动，因此埃德蒙顿拥有众多大型购物中心。事实上，北美最大的购物中心之一就在埃德蒙顿。

火车从埃德蒙顿出发，向东南方行驶，一路穿越加拿大大草原。黛予和刘倩在学校学过，加拿大的人口才刚过3700万。但两人还是未曾料想能看到如此辽阔的国度，真是惊叹不已。她们穿越两个种植小麦的省份，看到一片片广阔的农场。

她们在火车上又度过了一天，最终回到了都市区—温尼伯市。从该市出发，她们连夜前行，从梦乡中醒来时火车已抵达森林和湖泊密布的安大略省。火车继续轰隆隆地向前行驶，穿过绵延的群山。窗外的灌木丛和枫树林呈红色、金色和橘黄色，地面盖着一层霜，表明加拿大已进入秋季。夜幕再次降临，火车转向南行，开往多伦多。次日清晨，她们醒来，拉开车窗窗帘，辽阔的休伦湖映入眼帘。休伦湖是安大略省南部边境的四大湖之一。上午九点半，她们终于抵达安大略的省会多伦多。从温哥华到多伦多，她们的旅行总共历时四天。

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Using Language (P44)

SEEING THE TRUE NORTH VIA RAIL:

TORONTO AND MONTREAL

After Li Daiyu and her cousin arrived in Toronto, the largest and wealthiest city in Canada, they only had a few hours to kill before they had to proceed to the next leg of their trip to Montreal, so they went on a tour of the city. They went up the CN Tower and looked across the shores of Lake Ontario. Standing in the distance, they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake. Water from the lake lows into the Niagara River and over the falls on its way to the sea.

The girls saw hundreds of skyscrapers of glass and steel and old-fashioned cars rolling by. As they walked north from the harbour area, Li Daiyu said, “Lin Fei, one of my mother’s old schoolmates, lives here. I should phone her and see if she’s available for dinner.”

They met Lin Fei around dusk over dinner at a restaurant in downtown Chinatown. The cousins chatted with Lin Fei, who had moved to Canada many years earlier.

“This is the largest Chinatown in Toronto. We have a few more in the Greater Toronto Area, so you can guess that there are a lot of Chinese people in Canada! Chinese people have been coming here for more than a hundred years. Therefore, we can get all kinds of great food here from all over China,” Lin Fei told them.

The train left late that night and arrived in Montreal early the next morning. At the station, in contrast to Toronto, they heard people talking in French. They were surprised to see that

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all the signs and advertisements were in French and many people spoke English with an accent.

“We don’t leave until this evening,” said Liu Qian, “Let’s go downtown. Old Montreal is close to the water.”

They spent the afternoon in lovely shops and visiting artists in their workplaces along St Paul Street. As they sat in a restaurant alongside the broad St Lawrence River, a young man sat down with them.

“Hello, my name is Jean-Philippe. I’m a photographer.” he said, “and I was wondering where you are from.”

The girls told him they were from China and were on a train trip across Canada. When they told him they had only one day in Montreal, he said, “That’s too bad. You owe it to yourselves to stay longer. Overall, Montreal is a city with wonderful sights and sounds. Most of us speak both English and French, and the city has unique Quebec culture and traditions. There are fantastic restaurants and clubs around, too. Here, we love good coffee, toast and cheese. And good music, of course”

That night the train was speeding along the St. Lawrence River towards the Gulf of St Lawrence and down to the distant east coast towards the province of Nova Scotia and its largest city, Halifax. The cousins dreamt happily of the beautiful cobblestone streets, old brick buildings, and the red maple leaves of Montreal.

坐火车看“真北方”?多伦多和蒙特利尔

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李黛予和表妹抵达加拿大最大、最富有的城市多伦多之后,仅有几个小时的时间可以消磨，然后就得继续前往旅程的下一站蒙特利尔，于是两人就在市区逛了逛。她们登上加拿大国家电视塔，眺望安大略湖畔。站在远处，她们看到湖南边的尼亚加拉大瀑布升腾而起的水雾，惊叹不已。湖水流人尼亚加拉河，越过尼亚加拉瀑布，最终汇入大海。

两个女孩看到很多玻璃和钢筋建造的摩天大楼，还有老式汽车从身边驶过。离开港口区后，她们向北行走。李黛予说:“我妈妈的老同学林菲就住在这里。我得给她打个电话，看看她是否有空一起吃晚饭。”

黄昏时分，她们在市中心唐人街的一家餐馆里与林菲见了面，并共进晚餐。林菲多年前就来到加拿大生活。表姐妹俩与她畅聊了一番。

“这是多伦多最大的唐人街。大多伦多地区还有几个唐人街，你们可以猜到加拿大有很多中国人!一百多年来，不断有中国人来到这里。所以，我们在这里能吃到中国各地的各色美食。”林菲告诉她们。

火车于当天深夜出发，次日一早抵达蒙特利尔。在火车站她们听见人们用法语交谈，这与多伦多形成鲜明对比。两人惊奇地发现所有的标示牌和广告都是用法文写的，而且许多人说英语都有口音。

“我们要到傍晚才动身。”刘倩说，“咱们到市区逛逛吧蒙特利尔老城区就在河边。”

整个下午，她们穿梭于一家家可爱的小店，拜访圣保罗街边工作坊里的艺术家们。两人在宽阔的圣劳伦斯河边上的一家餐馆里落座后，一个小伙子也在她们身边坐了下来。

“你们好，我叫让•菲利普，是一名摄影师。”他说道，“请问你们从哪里来? \"

姑娘们告诉他，她们来自中国，并且正在进行横跨加拿大的火车之旅。得知她们只能在蒙特利尔

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逗留一天时，他说道:“那太可惜了，你们应该多待几天。总的来说，蒙特利尔是一座声色俱佳的城市。我们大多数人既说英语，也说法语。这座城市拥有独特的魁北克文化和传统。此外，这里还有很棒的餐馆和酒吧。这里的人酷爱美味的咖啡、吐司和奶酪。当然，还有动听的音乐!”

当晚，火车沿着圣劳伦斯河向圣劳伦斯湾飞驰，经过远方的东海岸，驶向新斯科舍省及其最大的城市哈利法克斯。在梦乡中，表姐妺俩愉快地回味着蒙特利尔美丽的鹅卵石街道、古砖建筑和鲜红的枫叶。

UNIT 5 FIRST AID

It’s a great honour to save a life. —Leigh Bardugo

拯救一条生命是一种莫大的荣誉。—李·巴杜格

Reading and Thinking

FIRST AID FOR BURNS

The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ. Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun’s rays. It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.

CAUSES OF BURNS

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You can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other chemicals.

TYPES OF BURNS

Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.

●First-degree burns These affect only the top few millimetres of the skin. These burns are not serious. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.

●Second-degree burns These go below the top layer of the skin. They are serious and take a few weeks to get better. Examples include burns caused by hot liquids.

●Third-degree burns These affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue under it. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once.

CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS

First-degree burns

·dry, red, and mildly swollen

·mildly painful

·turn white when pressed

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Second-degree burns

·red and swollen, blisters; watery surface

·extremely painful

Third-degree burns

·black and white

·swollen, the tissue underneath can often be seen

·little or no pain if nerves are damaged; maybe painful around the edges of the burn

FIRST-AID TREATMENT

1 Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling.

2 Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.

3 Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.

4 Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.

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5 If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe.

6 If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.

烧伤急救处理

皮肤是人体必不可少的一部分，也是人体最大的器官。皮肤是一道屏障，能阻挡疾病、毒素和太阳光线的侵入。皮肤还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。可想而知，烧伤会造成严重后果。在处理烧伤时，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。

烧伤的原因

很多东西都会造成烧伤:灼热的液体、蒸汽、明火、辐射、太阳光、电流、酸性物质或其他化学品。

烧伤的种类

根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。

一度烧伤:仅伤及最上层几毫米的皮肤。此类烧伤并不严重，如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。

二度烧伤:伤及最上层皮肤以下的部位。此类烧伤较为严重，需要数周时间才能康复，如灼热的液体造成的烧伤

三度烧伤:伤及每一层皮肤，有时甚至伤及皮下组织，如因电击灼伤、衣服着火造成的烧伤，或汽

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油起火造成的烧伤。此类烧伤会引起非常严重的内部损伤，伤者必须立即送往医院。

烧伤的特点

一度烧伤

干燥、发红、微肿

微痛

受压时变白

二度烧伤

发红、肿胀;起水疱;表层渗液

极度疼痛

三度烧伤

皮肤发黑或变白

肿胀;通常可见皮下组织

如神经受损，则微痛或无痛感;创面边缘或有痛感

急救处理

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1.将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下冲洗，尤其在前十分钟。冷水冲洗可阻止烧伤进程，缓解疼痛和肿胀

2.用干净的布轻轻吸干烧伤部位的水分。

3.如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。

4.用干净透气的布盖住烧伤部位。在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。

5.如果烧伤部位在脸上，应确保伤者仍可呼吸。

6.如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。

Using language

听力原文

Operator: Hello, this is the ambulance.

Boy: Hi, it’s my grandfather... his breathing has gotten really bad. We need an ambulance!

Operator: OK. Could you tell me your address?

Boy: 18 West Highgate.

Operator: And your phone number?

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Boy: Oh, it’s…it’s 655-212. Please hurry! I think he’s dying!

Operator: Now calm down and tell me what’s wrong.

Boy: His face looks funny… [Screaming.] Granddad! Granddad! Keep breathing! Help, please

Operator: Right. How old is he?

Boy: He’s 68.

Operator: And are you with him now?

Boy: Yes, Me and my mother.

Operator: I’ll tell you what to do. First, is he on his back?

Boy: Yes, I just moved him on his back

Operator: Next, remove any pillows.

Boy: OK. What next?

Operator: Now look in his mouth. Any food there?

Boy: No. Oh, he’s started to breathe again!

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Operator: So, he’s breathing?

Boy: Yes, but his lips are blue! He’s making strange noises! Can you hurry!

Operator: The ambulance is on the way. Is he conscious now?

Boy: No. [Boy starts crying.] He’s not breathing again.

Operator: Listen to me! Next, tell your mum to put her hand in the middle of his chest, and press down.

Boy: Mum, put your hand in the middle of his chest and push down.

Operator: You need to do this quickly…twice per second.

Boy: Twice a second, Mum! Hurry! Oh, he’s not breathing anymore.

Operator: Just be calm and do what I tell you. The ambulance is on the way. Press the chest twice a second. Keep doing it.

Boy: Keep doing it, Mum!

Operator: I know it’s very tiring. If your mother needs a break, you should change places.

Boy: Please hurry up! Oh, the ambulance is here! [Sound of a siren in the background]

Operator: I can hear them. I can hear them

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Boy: Oh, thank you so much.

Share your story about providing first aid Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table. A fellow diner at the restaurant, Zhang Tao, was choking on some steak. He was now holding his throat with his face turning red, while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back.

Chen wasted no time. He got up and ran to Zhang’s table at once. With the help of Zhang’s friends, he was able to help Zhang to his feet. Then, standing behind Zhang, Chen did the Heimlich manoeuvre. The food was instantly forced out, and Zhang began to breathe again. Ten minutes later, an ambulance arrived. The doctors checked Zhang and made sure that he was fine. They suggested he eat more slowly and take smaller bites before they left.

Choking victims usually have only about four minutes before they collapse and sometimes die, leaving no time for an ambulance to arrive. To solve this problem, in 1974, an American doctor, Henry Heimlich, created the Heimlich manoeuvre, saving thousands of lives around the world. Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre is quick practical, and easy. It is so easy, in fact, that almost anyone can learn how.

If you see someone choking, first call the emergency services. Then, make sure the victim is really choking: A choking person cannot speak. Slapping the victim’s back will often force out the obstruction. If this does not work, you can perform the Heimlich manoeuvre by standing behind him and wrapping your arms around his waist. Make a fist with one hand and place it in the upper part of his stomach. Grabbing your fist with your other hand tightly,

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push up and into his stomach in one motion. Continue doing this until the obstruction is forced out.

Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre on a small child is not recommended, as you may hurt him. Instead, lay the child face down on your lap with the head lower than the rest of his body, and then give firm slaps to his upper back until he can breathe again.

With choking victims, every minute counts. You cannot just stand by and do nothing. Luckily, Chen had learnt how to give first aid in school. Seeing Zhang choking, he remained calm and reacted immediately. Chen later said about the incident, \"How could I justify sitting there and doing nothing? We are all humans and we all have a responsibility to look after one another’s welfare”

北京高中生陈伟在吃晚餐，这时另一桌突然传来客人的尖叫声。原来餐馆里一个叫张涛的人被牛排噎住了。只见他按着喉咙，满脸通红，他的几个朋友正拼命拍打他的背部。

陈伟毫不迟疑。他立刻起身，跑到张涛桌前。在张涛朋友们的帮助下，陈伟扶着他站了起来。接着，陈伟站在张涛的背后，实施海姆立克急救法。食物瞬间被排出，张涛又能开始呼吸了。十分钟后，救护车赶到。医生们为张涛做了检査，确保他没有大碍。离开前，医生建议他吃饭要细嚼慢咽，小口进食。

噎食者通常大约四分钟后就会瘫倒在地，有时甚至死亡，等不到救护车的到来。为解决这一问题，1974年美国医生亨利・海姆立克发明了海姆立克急救法，挽救了全世界成千上万人的生命。海姆立克急救法简便、实用、见效快。事实上，它非常容易操作，几乎所有人都能学会。

如果你发现有人被噎住，首先拨打急救电话。然后，确定此人确实是被噎住了;人被噎时是无法说

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话的。拍打噎食者的背部通常可以将异物排出。如果不奏效，那么你可以实施海姆立克急救法。具体做法是:站在此人身后，用双臂环抱其腰部。只手握拳，置于其上腹部，另一只手紧紧握住拳头，快速用力向上在里挤压。重复上述动作，直至异物排出。

不建议对小孩实施海姆立克急救法，因为你可能会伤到他/她。相反，应将孩子脸朝下放在大腿上，使其头部低于身体其他部位，然后用力拍打其上背部，直至他/她恢复呼吸。

救助噎食者，分秒必争。不要袖手旁观。幸运的是，陈伟在学校学过急救方法。看到张涛噎住，他保持冷静，且反应迅速。后来，陈伟谈起此事时说道:“我有什么理由坐在那儿袖手旁观呢?大家都是人，我们都有责任关心彼此的幸福。”

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