模拟电子技术基础论文设计

模拟电子技术是一门研究对仿真信号处理的模拟电路学科。模拟电路作为电气工程与其自动化专业主干课程之一，经历了长足的发，目前已经被广泛应用在我们的生活中。模拟电子技术以半导体二极管、半导体三极管和场效应管为关键电子器件，包括功率放大电路、运算放大电路、反应放大电路、信号运算与处理电路、信号产生电路、电源稳压电路等研究方向，不断的改革创新，并应用到生产生活当中，极大的推动了科技的进步。本文概述了模拟电子技术的开展过程与其前景，接着对模拟电子技术根底每章节进展双语详解，从而达到深层次理解掌握模拟电子技术的目的。

关键词:模拟电子技术，二极管，信号发生器

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ABSTRACT

Electronic technology is the study of simulation of the simulation signal processing circuit. Analogcircuit as one of electrical engineering and it sautomation professional back bone course,experience da long hair,now has been widely used in our life.Analogelectronic technology for semiconductor diodes,semiconductor triodeand field effecttubeas the key electronics,including power amplification circuit,operation alamplifier circuit,feedback amplification circuit,signal operation and processing circuit,signal circuit,power supply volta geregulator circuit,research direction,and continuously reformand innovation,and applied to the production life,greatly promoted the progress of science and technology.This article summarizes the development and prospec to fanalogelectronic technology,and then into the analog electronic technology foundation foreach chapter in explanation,so as to achieve the aim of deep understand master an alogelectronic technology.

Keywords:Analogelectronictechnology;triode;teaching;signalcircu

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绪 论

一、 简介

模拟电子技术是电子技术的一个方面,他是一个非常美丽的地方,在这个领域,数学、物理、信息工程、电气工程和自动化工程学科发现和谐集成点,其深刻的理论根底和广泛的实际应用使它有一个强大而持久的生命力。因此,对于许多相关的科学。模拟电子技术是一个非常重要的根底理论课程。

一般来说,模拟电子技术是一个实用的,非常实用的课题,本文的主要目的是研究各种半导体器件的性能、电路与其应用,模拟电子技术,很多的概念,但在科学和工程专业知识的过程中学习。起着非常重要的作用,它不仅是为未来的课程奠定根底,为我们分析和解决问题的能力也是非常重要的。

根据目前流行的说,就是使用一门外语(主要是英语)进展非语言学科的教学,为学生创造一个密切接触英语环境〞。认为,双语教学被认为是一种外语教学方法不够全面。在当今世界,有很多多元文化国家根据实际情况,在一些学校实施双语教学,双语教学是它的目的,主要是指一个语言是一个多元文化的国家,而不仅仅是一种教学方式。双语教学改革的实施不仅有利于培养素质高、能力强,而且教师的英语水平的提高。作为一个重要的专业电工根底课程,实施双语教学是最好的选择。

模拟电子技术课程的双语教学模式,经过一系列的教学实践和探索实践证明效果是比拟理想的,可以更好地扩大学生的知识,提高学习能力。根据双语教学的模式,不仅让学生根据其根本原理来解决遇到的问题的过程中学习和英语水平的提高,增强学生的学习兴趣,让他们觉得有用。模拟电子技术课程的教学目标。

模拟电子技术的特点是:线性和非线性的组合,直流和交流,结合电路和设备,根本的估计和物理概念的组合。目前,模拟电子技术的现状可以简单地鬼说:理论体系和严密整合,全面介绍网络图论,通过计算机的影响,非线性电路与系统的研究方兴未艾,集成电路和超大规模的快速开展的状态将在很长一段时间对电路和系统科

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word 学的开展,在多通道设备,集成;在系统的分析方法,优化集成;在系统扩展从线性到非线性,从被动到主动,从单一元素离散扩展到集成电路系统。进入21世纪,电子技术快速开展的时代,随着技术的不断改良,使设备规模继续缩小,以不断提高集成,降低功耗,旗舰性能得到了改良。

随着时代的开展,将越来越多的双语教学教师和所有年龄段的学生,一方面可以提高语言能力,另一个是与世界先进的电子技术知识的整合,扩大我们的视野,与英语的国际化和电子技术的快速开展,传统的刚性的教学将逐步新颖便捷的多媒体技术来取代。多媒体课件的教学方法是一个根本出发点是基于文本、图像、声音、动画和其他方式合作,刺激学生的感官,激发学生的兴趣和严格的形式的多媒体课件和黑板,粉笔是没有区别,获得教学效果并不显著。课件的制作适当的材料,适用于木材。多媒体课件可以充分发挥学生的潜能,强化教学效果,提高教学质量为重心。但最终多媒体只是一种辅助教学手段,为了更好地利用先进的知识传播工具。

课题来源

随着当今世界的开展，外语的应用越来越广泛，国内外语环境较差。所以教育需要创新，为此我们学校领导与教师让我们以双语课件为主题写一篇论文。双语教学不仅可以让学生与英语有亲密的环境，也能让教师的整体素质能力得到提高。在中国这个多元化国家，双语教学不仅是一种教学模式，更是一种语言。模拟电子技术作为一门电类相关专业的重要专业根底教程之一，实施双语教学模式是非常适宜的。

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二、 课题研究目的与意义

对于这次模拟电子技术根底使用双语教学模式，我们主要目的是能让学生在学习的过程中可以掌握两种语言，提高对英语的理解，增强学习兴趣，扩大学生的知识面。经过一系列研究实践和探索，双语教学的效果理想，不仅专业上学以致用，外语能力也得到提高，学习也更加有兴趣了。这就是模拟电子技术双语教学的目的所在了。

三、 国内研究现状和开展趋势与综述

模拟电子技术的特点为：线性与非线性相结合，直流与交流相结合，电路与器件相结合，根本估算与物理概念相结合。目前，模拟电子技术的现状可简单地鬼难为：与系统理论严密结合、全面引入网络图论、深受计算机的冲击、非线性电路与系统的研究方兴未艾、集成电路的出现并向超大规模迅速开展的状况将在相当长时间内左右电路与系统学科的开展；在器件上多段话、集成化；在分析方法上系统化、最优化、可集成化；在体系上从线性扩展到非线性、从无源扩展到有源、从单元件分立扩展到电路系统的集成。进入21实际，电子技术进入了飞速开展的时代，随着工艺技术的不断改良，使得器件的尺寸不断缩小，从而集成度不断提高，功耗降

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word Catalog

1Analog Concept ............................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Element and parameter ......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Electronic ponent .................................................................................................. 1 1.3 Analog signal and digital singnal .......................................................................... 2 1.4 Troubleshooting Analog Circuits .......................................................................... 3 1.5 Basic test instrument ............................................................................................. 4 2Diodes and Applications .................................................................................................. 4

2.1 The Atomic Structure Of Semiconductors ............................................................ 4 2.2 The PN Junction .................................................................................................... 7 2.3 Biasing the Semiconductor Diode ........................................................................ 8 2.4 Diode classification ............................................................................................... 9 3Bipolar Junction Transistors .......................................................................................... 11

3.1 Structure of Bipolar Junction Transistors ........................................................... 11 3.2 Transistor operating principle ............................................................................. 12 3.3 Characteristic curve of BJT ................................................................................ 14 3.4 BJT Bias Circuits ................................................................................................ 15 3.5 Fault diagnosis of transistor bias ........................................................................ 16

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word 4Field Effect Transistors .................................................................................................. 17

4.1 Structure of Field Effect Transistors ................................................................... 17 4.2 JFET Characteristics ........................................................................................... 18 4.3 The transconductance curve of JFET .................................................................. 20 4.4 Input resistance of JFET ..................................................................................... 21 4.5 Differential amplifier .......................................................................................... 22 5Basic Op-Amp Circuits .................................................................................................. 23

5.1 parators ................................................................................................................ 23 5.2 The Effect of Noise on The parator .................................................................... 25 5.3 Integrators and Differentia tors ........................................................................... 26 Concluding Remarks27

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word Thank ............................................................................................................................... 28 Reference29

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1 Analog Concept

1.1

Element and parameter

According to the types of signals that we use, we can the electronic credits into two parts: digital electronics and analog electronics. The analog circuit is used for continuous variation, while the digital circuit is used to correspond to the discrete level. Analog electronics is the signal processing, such as amplification, differential, integral, and so on. And digital electronics, including arithmetic and logic operations, as is the use of puters and calculators to plete the operation.

1.2 Electronic ponent

In twentieth Century, the electronic system from the sender to Chittagong vacuum tubes, transistors and integrated circuits. Integrated circuit is the function of the pletion of the original, it is divided into digital integrated circuit with analog integrated circuit, one is to use two discrete voltage, and the other is to deal with the continuous change of the input signal with the output signal.

In ordinary algebra, linear equations can be expressed in a linear representation of variables, and are generally written in a formula.

Y=mx+b

Y said X is the dependent variable, independent variable, M slope, B is the intercept on the Y axis.

When the intercept is zero, is to go through the origin, the B is zero, then the formula is

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Linear original is the increase in the current and the voltage is proportional to the added, but also in line with the Ohm's law. For most electronic ponents, the characteristic curve is the curve of the current versus voltage (the graph of the relationship between the two elements of a ponent in general) is defined as the characteristic curve. If the power supply reverse connection, then the circuit will be what is not the same? This time will produce more readings, will make people look very messy, prone to error.The above mentioned characteristic curve of resistance is a straight origin, and Y axis with zero intercept time. The slope of a straight line is constant and is equal to the resistance of the electrical conductivity, that is, the reciprocal of the slope is the resistance.

1.3

Analog signal and digital singnal

In analog electronics, a signal is a voltage or current that contains information. And electronic system signal is often used in a way to deal with or can transform the waveform as well as through the amplification to improve energy. This way can be carried out in a continuous manner. We know that the signal is divided into continuous or discrete type, in which the continuous signal transformation is flat and slow, which is not interrupted. But discrete signals can only take one part (for example, some of them). Continuous and discrete can be used for the amplitude of the signal can also be used for time. On the other hand, another type of encoder only some data you choose to step in.

In order to make the signal carrying information transmission, electronic waveform of the voltage or frequency of some energy needs to change, tele, general will in a fixed time interval repeat, the repetitive waveform called periodic waveform. Cycle is the time required to plete a

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word cycle waveform. Which is divided into many kinds of waves, such as sine wave. Sine wave is the most basic and most important waveform. It is the waveform of the current or voltage, with the same waveform as the trigonometric function of the sin wave in the algebra. Sine wave is a kind of waveform which can be naturally generated by AC generator or radio wave. It also has laser generating process, sonic vibration phenomenon.

1.4 Troubleshooting Analog Circuits

In analog electronics, a signal is a voltage or current that contains information. And electronic system signal is often used in a way to deal with or can transform the waveform as well as through the amplification to improve energy. This way can be carried out in a continuous manner. We know that the signal is divided into continuous or discrete type, in which the continuous signal transformation is flat and slow, which is not interrupted. But discrete signals can only take one part (for example, some of them). Continuous and discrete can be used for the amplitude of the signal can also be used for time. On the other hand, another type of encoder only some data you choose to step in.

In order to make the signal carrying information transmission, electronic waveform of the voltage or frequency of some energy needs to change, tele, general will in a fixed time interval repeat, the repetitive waveform called periodic waveform. Cycle is the time required to plete a cycle waveform. Which is divided into many kinds of waves, such as sine wave. Sine wave is the most basic and most important waveform. It is the waveform of the current or voltage, with the same waveform as the trigonometric function of the sin wave in the algebra. Sine wave is a kind of waveform which can be naturally generated by AC generator or radio wave. It also has laser generating process, sonic vibration phenomenon.

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1.5

Basic test instrument

In analog electronics, a signal is a voltage or current that contains information. And electronic system signal is often used in a way to deal with or can transform the waveform as well as through the amplification to improve energy. This way can be carried out in a continuous manner. We know that the signal is divided into continuous or discrete type, in which the continuous signal transformation is flat and slow, which is not interrupted. But discrete signals can only take one part (for example, some of them). Continuous and discrete can be used for the amplitude of the signal can also be used for time. On the other hand, another type of encoder only some data you choose to step in.

In order to make the signal carrying information transmission, electronic waveform of the voltage or frequency of some energy needs to change, tele, general will in a fixed time interval repeat, the repetitive waveform called periodic waveform. Cycle is the time required to plete a cycle waveform. Which is divided into many kinds of waves, such as sine wave. Sine wave is the most basic and most important waveform. It is the waveform of the current or voltage, with the same waveform as the trigonometric function of the sin wave in the algebra. Sine wave is a kind of waveform which can be naturally generated by AC generator or radio wave. It also has laser generating process, sonic vibration phenomenon.

2 Diodes and Applications

2.1

The Atomic Structure Of Semiconductors

In analog electronics, a signal is a voltage or current that contains information. And electronic system signal is often used in a way to deal

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with or can transform the waveform as well as through the amplification to improve energy. This way can be carried out in a continuous manner. We know that the signal is divided into continuous or discrete type, in which the continuous signal transformation is flat and slow, which is not interrupted. But discrete signals can only take one part (for example, some of them). Continuous and discrete can be used for the amplitude of the signal can also be used for time. On the other hand, another type of encoder only some data you choose to step in.

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In order to make the signal carrying information transmission, electronic waveform of the voltage or frequency of some energy needs to change, tele, general will in a fixed time interval repeat, the repetitive waveform called periodic waveform. Cycle is the time required to plete a cycle waveform. Which is divided into many kinds of waves, such as sine wave.

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Sine wave is the most basic and most important waveform. It is the waveform of the current or voltage, with the same waveform as the trigonometric function of the sin wave in the algebra. Sine wave is a kind of waveform which can be naturally generated by AC generator or radio wave. It also has laser generating process, sonic vibration phenomenon

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2.2 The PN Junction

A PN junction is a diode. In the equilibrium state, there is no current in the PN junction. The main use of the semiconductor diode is the one way electric conductivity.

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PN junction

When a pure semiconductor is generally doped n type, the general doping of P type, then in between the two regions on the formation of a PN node.

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In the N area, there are many free electrons and several holes which are thermally produced. There are many holes in the p region. The free electron.Pn structure produced by the hot electrons is the basic diode and the basis of the work of all solid state ponents. Diode is a ponent that only allows current to flow in one direction.

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2.3 Biasing the Semiconductor Diode

The term bias in electronics refers to a fixed DC voltage which is added to the semiconductor element to set its working conditions. Forward bias is the condition that allows the current to flow through the PN junction.

Reverse bias is the bias condition to prevent the current flowing through the PN junction.

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Diode classification

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2.4

Diode classification

photodiode: The reverse current increases with the increase of the intensity of light.

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When a forward current flows, the light of a certain wavelength range is sent out, and the current light emitting tube can emit light from infrared to visible light band.

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3 Bipolar Junction Transistors

3.1

Structure of Bipolar Junction Transistors

Bipolar transistor, it is abbreviated as BJT. Is constructed from three doped semiconductor regions. These three regions are known as the emission region, the base region and the collector region (Figure A, b);

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these three regions are separated by two pn. We know that bipolar transistors are divided into two types. One of the two Pn areas in the middle of a PN with a thin layer, known as NPN type transistor, there is a two PN area, the middle of a thin layer of PN clip, called PNP type transistor. These two kinds of transistors are widely used by us, but the former is more widely used. So most of us learn about it.

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3.2 Transistor operating principle

In order to make the transistor work normally, an external DC bias voltage must be provided on two Pn junctions in order to establish the proper working conditions. NPN and PNP tube normal bias, in two cases, the launch of the junction are forward bias, the season is reverse bias, known as positive and negative bias.

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But in the two case the voltage polarity and the direction of the current is just the opposite. From emitter outflow into the narrow and low doping concentration of the base region most electronic no posite two little continues to spread to the BC junction depletion region, once into the region they in the reverse bias BC junction period will be the attraction between positive and negative ions established plants pull.

Kirchhoff's current law points out that the total current flowing into the node must be equal to the total current flowing out of the node. Applying this law to the NPN tube and the PNP tube can be concluded that the emitter current Ie is equal to the set current Ic which is the sum of the base current Ib. The expression is: Ie=Ic+Ib in which the current respectively shows the NPN tube and PNP tube small signal transistor of the typical current value.

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3.3 Characteristic curve of BJT

The BJT characteristic curve is divided into the input characteristic curve and the output characteristic curve, and the input characteristic curve is close to the mon diode. That is to say in the analysis of bipolar transistor circuit, if the transistor is turned on, the emitter voltage at both ends of the regarded as 0.7V. If the voltage is 0 transistor turn-on, if much larger than 0.7 the transistor emitter junction is regarded as an open circuit. In order to draw the output characteristic curve of the BJT, the base level current must be selected and kept constant. For example, the circuit used to generate a base level current in the role of Ic with the Vce change of a group of volt ampere curve, this curve is called the output characteristic curve.

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3.4

BJT Bias Circuits

Bias is the addition of proper DC voltage to the transistor to work properly. It can be achieved through any one of several basic circuits. The selection of bias circuit is very related to the application. In which the linear amplifier, the input signal must be in the positive and negative direction change. But the transistors work in a single direction. In order to allow the transistor to amplify the AC signal, the AC signal is required to be superimposed on the DC capacity of the set of good working points.

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3.5 Fault diagnosis of transistor bias

As the bias circuit diagnosis is usually simple, ordinary transistor bias circuit bias poor fault by resulted in the following two cases a, the first: transistor in saturation state the second: transistor is off state. In the beginning of the diagnostic circuit, the first to check the base, collector and emitter voltage. It is very practical to observe whether they are suitable or not. We have to keep in mind that these voltages are usually associated with some resistance or the beta value of the transistor, but the change is not more than 10% of it, and if these are normal, the circuit can work properly.

When open collector resistance, due to launch resistance there is no longer a collector current, so the launch some voltage drop: base voltage change will depends on the bias \"widthhe fixed bias will make an impact on smaller. This time we need to note is that when the emitter Re open circuit, the base voltage is working normally but the transistor is measured on the emitter voltage is higher than the normal value. Of course, there may be other problems, but as a fault diagnosis method, should be further analysis of the parameters of the measurement, in order to more accurately identify the final problem.

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4 Field Effect Transistors

4.1

Structure of Field Effect Transistors

Before we said, bipolar transistor is a current control device, which uses the base current to control the size of the collector current. The difference is that the field effect tube is a kind of voltage control element, that is, the current of the gate voltage control element. They can be used in amplifying circuit and switching circuit.

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Field effect tube is, referred to as FET. It is a type of semiconductor device, and its working principle is pletely different from the previous BJT. In the field effect tube, the conductive property of a narrow long conductive channel is controlled by a power plant, which is formed by adding the third pole grid. It can be divided into two classes: the first class: the junction type field effect tube, which is characterized by the formation of a PN junction between the gate and the channel of the tube. Second class: this class is called metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, which is used to control the electrical conductivity of the channel, the insulation layer is a very thin layer of glass.

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4.2

JFET Characteristics

The characteristic curve of JFET can be divided into three zones. Ohm access, constant current area, stop area. Under normal conditions, they are

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all running in the ohmic or constant current area. N ditch junction type field effect tube, N channel at both ends of the lead out of two wires, the upper end is called the drain, the lower end is called the source. This channel is a conductor, for the N channel, the electron is the carrier fluid, for the P channel, the hole is the carrier. When there is no external voltage, the channel does not generate any direction of conductive current. By changing the gate voltage, the width of the channel and the resistance of the channel can be controlled, thereby controlling the size of the drain current I. White areas indicate the depletion region generated by the reverse bias. The key idea is that the channel width is controlled by the gate voltage.

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An effective way to observe any circuit is to show the relationship between the output and the input. This characteristic is called the transfer characteristic curve. Because the JFET is controlled by the input negative voltage and the output is the drain current, the curve of the rotating shaft is the curve of the relationship between ID and VGS. By dividing the output by the input, the result is the unit of the electrical conductivity. You can think of it as the input voltage is converted into output current; therefore, the prefix \"cross\" and in front of the \"conductance\" produced the transconductance of the word, the transconductance curve is JFET transfer characteristics. The transconductance parameters in the table G. Transconductance curve is not a straight line, the nonlinear relationship between the output current and input voltage, field effect transistor has a nonlinear transconductance curves. This is very important, which indicates that the pipe will distort the input signal. Distortion is not always a bad thing, such as a radio mixer is the use of the field effect is better than the characteristics of the BJT to plete.

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4.4 Input resistance of JFET

As we know, PN has a high resistance when it is biased. When JFET is working, the Pn junction between the gate source is reverse biased. Therefore, the gate input resistance is very high. It is this very high input resistance that bees the maximum advantage of the BJT over the base JFET.

JFET parameter table is often used in a gate source voltage value corresponding to the gate reverse current IGSS to indicate the size of the input resistance, input resistance can be obtained by the following equation. Two vertical lines represent the absolute value.

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RIN===15

As seen from the results, the input resistance of JFET is quite high. But in practical applications, the total input resistance should also contain a resistance that is connected to the gate, so the total input resistance should be in the range of 1~10M.

4.5 Differential amplifier

Differential amplifier is an important amplifier with multiple applications. In particular, the op amp is an input stage. The name of the differential amplifier is derived from the difference between the input signal which is added at the two input terminals, that is, the difference between the two signals. The same signal is not amplified in the input. It has an important characteristic to reduce the mon mode noise. Unlike other amplifiers, this amplifier has two inputs and two outputs. The pipes were carefully matched and had the same characteristics.

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In order to understand its working principle, it is assumed that the two bases are grounded. Because the pressure drop of the base emitter structure is the diode voltage drop, the emitter voltage is -0.7V. The emitter current on both sides is equal, equal to half of the current in the mon emitter resistance. The collector current of each tube is equal to that of the emitter current, which is equal to the half of the emitter resistance current. Because the collector current is equal, the collector voltage is equal.

5 Basic Op-Amp Circuits

5.1

parators

The op amp is used as a nonlinear element to pare the magnitude of the two voltage. In this application, the operational amplifier is using open loop, an input terminal is connected with an input voltage, another input

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end is connected with a reference voltage. Now we talk about several basic parison circuits.

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A parator is an open circuit that is used to pare two input voltages and generate two values corresponding to the input size. An application of an operational parator is to measure whether the input voltage is beyond a certain value. Due to operational amplifier has a very high open loop voltage gain, so the differential mode voltage between the two input ends of the small will saturate the amplifier, the output voltage reaches the limit value. Tested, when the sine wave is negative, the output reaches the maximum negative value. When the sine wave passes zero, the amplifier is forced to enter the opposite state, and the output bees the maximum integrity. It can be seen that the zero crossing parator can be used as a square wave circuit, with a sine wave generated by Fang Bo.

With the above zero crossing parator is not the same, non - zero parator. A fixed reference voltage on the reverse input of the zero crossing parator

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word can be modified into a positive and negative voltage parator. It is more practical than zero. He uses a voltage divider to set the reference voltage to:

VREF=R2/R1+R2〔+v〕

Among them, +V is the positive supply voltage amplifier, with zener diode set reference voltage (VREF=VZ). As long as the input voltage Vin is less than the reference voltage, the output will remain the maximum negative value. When the input voltage exceeds the reference voltage, the output reaches the maximum value.

5.2 The Effect of Noise on The parator

In many practical situations, noise can be generated on the input line. Noise voltage superimposed on the input voltage, will make the parator error to change the output state. In order to understand the effect of noise on voltage, we add a low frequency sinusoidal voltage to the input of the zero crossing parator. Observed with the noise of the sine wave with the corresponding output waveform, can be seen, when the sine wave reached 0, due to the presence of noise so that the total input in 0 to several changes, resulting in the wrong output. Mingled with the noise of the input will cause the error of the output voltage, because of the same input voltage value, parator OP may from negative output state variable to the positive output state, may also be caused by a change in the opposite direction, i.e. from the right path negative. This unstable condition occurs near the reference voltage, and a small noise fluctuation causes the parator to change from one state to the other. In order that the parator is not so sensitive, we usually take some measures. For example, you can join the positive feedback, this technology is referred to as hysteresis, before we have mentioned, hysteresis circuit uses two reference values. Ordinary household thermostat

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word is the best example of hysteresis, he can be in a certain temperature through the fire, and at another temperature off the stove. The two reference value is called the upper trigger point and the lower trigger point. The dual hysteresis circuit is built by positive feedback.

5.3 Integrators and Differentia tors

Operation simulation of integrator algebraic integral, it is a summation for total area surrounded by the function curve. Integral algebraic differential operation device simulation, he asked take as a function of the instantaneous rate of change then we will introduce integrator and differentiator, but are in an idealized states. To illustrate the principle, the actual integrator often in the feedback capacitor parallel resistor or other circuit, to avoid saturation.

Is an integrator can produce approximately equal to the input function curve surrounded by reverse output circuit area.

Figure is an ideal integrator. Note that the feedback element is a capacitor, which is posed of a RC circuit with the input resistance. In the simple RC circuit, the voltage of the capacitor is not linear but it is exponential. As the charging current is carried out with the capacitor charging, the charging current is continuously reduced, thereby causing the voltage change rate to decrease continuously. With RC circuit posed of operational amplifiers of the integrator has one advantage: the capacitor charging current is constant, it will produce a linear voltage rather than exponential voltage.

As the graph is an ideal derivative, the derivative is a reverse output circuit which produces a change rate of the input function. Note that the position and the integrator capacitor and resistor, capacitor is now the input element. The output and input voltage change rate of the derivative is proportional to the rate of change of the input voltage. Under normal

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word circumstances will use a small resistance and capacitance in series to limit the gain, but because it does not affect the basic working principle, so the analysis is simple, we igno

Concluding Remarks

经过两个多月的时间，我在一边工作一边写论文的情况下完成了这次毕业设计。《模拟电子技术根底》双语课件制作，这本书以简单而清晰的格式全面介绍了电子学的根底理论，说明了电子学与其他学科的严密关系。制作这个课件的目的，为了让学生们能更好的学习这么科目并且在学习的时候能跟上国际化，双语教学模式是当今多元化社会的标志之一，模拟电子技术作为一门电类相关专业的重要专业根底教程之一，实施双语教学模式是非常适宜的。从开始接到论文题目到课件实现，再到论文文章完成，中间经历了许多挑战，这每一次尝试，每一次挑战对我来说都是宝贵的经验。这段时间里我学到了很多知识也有了很多感受，翻阅过很多书籍，也查了很多资料。让我对这门科目有了新的理解也更有利于我制作这次课件。让自己闹钟混乱模糊的概念逐渐清晰。使自己不成熟的作品进一步完善，每一次改良每一次，每实验成功一次都让我开心性奋很久。第一次学习实验制作，这是我大学期间完成的最大的项目了。虽然我的这次作品还很不成熟，也有很多不足之处，但是我很开心。因为这份作品是我自己一手完成的。当然中间学校的领导，我的论文导师给与了我许多帮助，让我少走了很多弯路。

这次论文的经历会让我终生受益的，通过这次这次论文，我知道不管任何事都要真真正正用心去做，，是真正学习和研究的过程，有道是：有事者事竟成！

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word

Thank

通过这次毕业设计，我根本上掌握了开发一个班级管理系统的根本思路和实施步骤。在完成毕业设计的过程中，我得到了许多教师和同学的帮助，尤其我的指导教师胡传斌和我以前的上课教师X伦川、马兹书等的细心指导以与在我的设计过程中屡次予以指导并提出宝贵意见，使我的设计在有条不紊的进展，令我受益匪浅。同时也向那些为我无私解难的朋友们，特在此向以上人员表示最衷心的感谢！

另外，互联网上一些朋友也给我完成设计提出了很多宝贵的意见和无私的帮助。这对于我以后的学习和工作都有很大的帮助，在此对他们表示由衷的感谢。

在校期间，得到网络教育学院各级领导和辅导教师的亲切关怀和无私的培养，使作者在学习的过程学到了许多做人的道理。在此向他们道声：您们辛苦了！

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Reference

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[4]陈佩军,李凤伟.从零开始学模拟电子技术.：国防工业,2012

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[7]孙慧芹.模拟电子技术根底．：师X大学，2010

[9]X颖.模拟电子技术.：清华大学、交通大学，2008 [10]李金平.模拟集成电路根底.：交通大学，2003 [11].电子技术根底..电子工业，2011

[12]朱一纶.电子技术专业英语.：电子工业，2010 [13]

[14]RobertL.Boylestad,LouisNashelsky．：电子工业，2007

[18]沈任元吴勇.模拟电子技术根底：机械工业，2015 [19]金玉善.模拟电子技术根底：中国铁道，2010

[20]童诗白，华成英.模拟电子技术根底〔第3版〕.：高等教育2012

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