2019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第1讲及训练题含解析

第1讲北京中考阅读理解CD篇

1.掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。2.掌握阅读理解的解题技巧,并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。3.通过阅读理解高频词、长难句等语料的积累,及阅读理解解题技巧的练习,灵活应对各种阅读理解题。C篇知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”,在英语学习的过程中,语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳理,能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学,老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句,快来看看你掌握了吗？高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备,以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优,模糊翻译的良,不会翻译的为差。）单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优havetobedesignedfordifficultexperimentcut…into…surprisedlookdownuponbepunishedforacceptsearchhoweverunderstandv.v.conj.v.adj.adj.n.必须，不得不为…而设计困难的试验把…切成…惊讶的瞧不起因…而受惩罚接受搜寻，搜查然而理解过去式：1良差n.difficultyadj.acceptable2019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第1讲及训练题含解析

understoodorganizeprobablyv.adv.组织可能n.organization长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备,以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优,模糊翻译的良,不会翻译的为差。）1.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.（优良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：所以对于左撇子来说使用大多数工具是困难的。本句涉及高频句型“It’s+adj.forsb.todosth”，意为“对某人来说做某事是…”。2.Theyconclude（得出结论）thatleft-handedpeoplearelefthandedforthesamereasonthatright-handedpeoplearerighthanded.（优良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：人习惯于使用左手和习惯于使用右手是同一个原因，即惯用左手的人和惯用右手的人一样是普通人。本句要首先判断出conclude后面是一个由that引导的宾语从句，在这个宾语从句中有包含着一个由that引导的定语从句修饰reason.其次，在翻译对字面含义的同时还要理解这句话的深层含义，即强调惯用左手的人和惯用右手的人都是普通人。方法篇“方法得当,事半功倍。”只有语料的积累,没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理,能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑,在有足够语料积累的基础上,能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学,老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧,快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步第二步第三步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览问题，明确要求。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。2通篇寻读，确定段落。2019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第1讲及训练题含解析

第四步逐条分析，对号入座。把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。第五步复读全文，验证答案。二、阅读理解解题技巧初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。题型解释题型一：细节理解题本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/false?2.Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentioned?3.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc)…?设题方式解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案2.变通理解，间接转述找答案3.多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题精析Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8to15percentofpeoplearelefthanded.Theyoftenhavetousetoolsthataredesignedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.Ifright-handerscutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand,theywillA.gethurttheirtoolsB.giveupcuttingC.feelawkwardD.change.本题可以运用到解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案浏览题干，确定关键短语为cutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand，浏览段落，确定关键句Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把32019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第1讲及训练题含解析

土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.方式2.Fromthetextweknowthat_____.3.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma_____.解题1.通过文章陈述的事实进行推断技巧2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3.根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaid精析boredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.Shetoldresearchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningtobakecakes.“Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,”Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.GraysonPerry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandreadingmanybooksinthelibrary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsandseasons.Perryfilleduphisfreetimewithwhatheliked.Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A.stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.introduceapopularwriterandafamousartistC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffectsofboredomondevelopingcreativity本题可以运用到解题技巧2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断题干意为“作者谈论Syal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为awriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.意为“MeeraSyal42019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第1讲及训练题含解析

说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考”，由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D。题型题型三：词义猜测题解释单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。设题1.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.方式2.Theword“…”mostlikelymeans_____.3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_____.解题1.通过因果关系猜测词义技巧2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义3.通过构词法猜测词义4.通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义5.通过描述猜测词义6.用知识和生活经验猜测词义7.根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义典题Childrenareexpectedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthetime.精析However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheirimagination,whileboredomcangivethemopportunitiestodevelopcreativity.Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown.B.Keepupwith.C.Gobeyond.D.Giveriseto.本题可以运用到解题技巧2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意为“跟上”，C意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。设题1.问标题：Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?/Thebesttitleforthe52019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第1讲及训练题含解析

方式passageis_____.2.问中心：Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____./Thepassageismostlyabout_____.3.问目的，态度：Theauthorwantstotell_____./Thepurposeofthisarticleisto_____.解题技巧1.浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3.以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题精析Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethelefthand.Youngstudentslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheirlefthandtowrite.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedthat.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirlefthandtowrite.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.C.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.left-handers.B.Encouragementtoleft-handersD.Changesinopinionson本题可以运用到解题技巧2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词inthepast和itwasstrangetousethelefthand表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词thesedays和haveacceptedthat表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.，故选D。语篇精讲浏览问题（抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号1题干及选项Ifright-handerscutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand,theywill（细节理解题）A.gethurtC.feelawkwardB.giveupcuttingD.changetheirtools.62019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第1讲及训练题含解析

2WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?（主旨大意题）A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.Encouragementtoleft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.D.Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.3Accordingtothepassage,right-handersA.learnbettervisuallyB.aregoodorganizersC.arebetteratsinglesportsD.givecleardirectionstoothers4Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatleft-handersA.maybemoretalkativeandoutgoingB.areordinarypeoplelikeright-handersC.mightremembereverydaythingsbetterD.nolongerneedtouseright-handedtools.（细节理解题）.（细节理解题）通篇寻读话题日常生活类体裁说明文字数402建议用时7分钟实际用时正确率__/4星级★★★AreYouRightHandedorLeftHanded?Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8to15percentofpeoplearelefthanded.Theyoftenhavetousetoolsthataredesignedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethelefthand.Youngstudentslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheirlefthandtowrite.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedthat.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirlefthandtowrite.Whatcausespeopletobelefthandedorrighthanded?Expertshavesearchedlongandhardonthis.Theyconclude（得出结论）thatleft-handedpeoplearelefthandedforthesamereasonthatright-handedpeoplearerighthanded.Oneoutofeverytenpeoplejustisaleft-handedpeoplearerighthanded.Oneoutofeverytenpeoplejustisaleft-hander.It’ssimplylikethecolorofoureyes–somepeoplehavebrowneyes,whilesomeothershaveblackeyes.72019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第1讲及训练题含解析

However,mayresearchersthinkthatleft-handersandright-handersaredifferentinsomeaspects.Right-handersaremoretalkativeandoutgoingthanleft-handers.Manyright-handedpeopleunderstandspokenwordsbetter.Forexample,aftertheylistentodirectionstoasupermarket,theycanfinditeasily.Right-handersaregoodatorganizingpeople,too.Theyarealsobetterbasketballguards.JustaskYaoMing.Researchshowsthatleft-handersarecreativeandartistic.Manyfamousperformers,likeJimCarreyandPaulMcCartney,arelefthanded.Manyleft-handerslearnbettervisually（在视觉方面）.Inart,bothLeonardodaVinciandMichelangelowerelefthanded.Inmusic,LudwigvanBeethovenwaslefthanded.Inscience,youfindNewtonandEinstein.Theleft-handedpeoplearealsoreallygoodattennisandothersinglesports.Ifyoupreferonehand,butyouarestillgoodatwritingwiththeother,youaremixed.Researchshowsmixed-handerscanremembereverydaythingsbetterthanotherpeople.Whatdidyoueatforlunchtwoweeksago?Ifyou’remixedhanded,youcanprobablyremember.逐题分析语篇解读：本篇文章是一篇日常生活类的说明文。主要阐述了惯用左手的人及惯用右手的人这两类社会群体的特点，过去及现在人们对这两类群体的态度转变，最后得出他们都是普通人这一观点。1.Ifright-handerscutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand,theywillA.gethurtB.giveupcuttingC.feelawkwardD.changetheirtools解析：C..细节理解题。浏览题干，确定关键短语为cutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand，浏览段落，确定关键句Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。2.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.Encouragementtoleft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.D.Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.解析：D.82019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第1讲及训练题含解析

段落主旨大意题。本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词inthepast和itwasstrangetousethelefthand表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词thesedays和haveacceptedthat表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.，故选D。3.Accordingtothepassage,right-handersA.learnbettervisuallyB.aregoodorganizersC.arebetteratsinglesportsD.givecleardirectionstoothers解析：B..细节理解题。本题题干询问的是惯用右手的人的特点，因此可以将答案锁定在第四段中。根据第四段中关键句Right-handersaregoodatorganizingpeople,too.“惯用右手的人擅长组织人们”可以推断出他们是好的组织者。根据第五段Manyleft-handerslearnbettervisually（在视觉方面）.可以判定A选项是左撇子的特点，故是错误的；根据Theleft-handedpeoplearealsoreallygoodattennisandothersinglesports.可以判定C项是错误的；根据Manyright-handedpeopleunderstandspokenwordsbetter.Forexample,aftertheylistentodirectionstoasupermarket,theycanfinditeasily.可以判断出惯用右手的人有方向感，而不是给别人清晰的方向，故D项错误。4.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatleft-handersA.maybemoretalkativeandoutgoingB.areordinarypeoplelikeright-handersC.mightremembereverydaythingsbetterD.nolongerneedtouseright-handedtools解析：B..细节理解题。本题题干询问的是惯用左手的人的特点，根据第四段中句子Right-handersaremoretalkativeandoutgoingthanleft-handers.可以判定出talkativeandoutgoing是惯用右手的人的特点，故排除；根据最后一段中句子Researchshowsmixed-handerscanremembereverydaythingsbetterthanotherpeople.可判定出双手都能灵活运用的人记忆力更好，故排除C；根据第一段句子Theyoftenhavetousetoolsthataredesignedforright-handedpeople.可知左撇子也不得不使用专为右手人设计的工具，故排除D。最后，根据第三段中Theyconclude（得出结论）thatleft-handedpeoplearelefthandedforthesamereasonthatright-handedpeoplearerighthanded.“人习惯于使用左手和习惯于使用右手是同一个原因，”即惯用左手的人和惯用右手的人一样是普通人，故选B。92019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第1讲及训练题含解析

精讲笔记（学生在教师的指导下,回顾本讲中积累的阅读理解的知识和方法）语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）细节理解题推理判断题词义猜测题主旨大意题21、3、4能力提升102019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第1讲及训练题含解析

基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译★单词/短语词性词义必须，不得不bedesignedforadj.困难的experimentn.cut…into…adj.惊讶的lookdownuponbepunishedforv.接受searchv.conj.然而v.理解organizev.probablyadv.二、句子英汉互译★★1.所以对于左撇子来说使用大多数工具是困难的。_____________________________________________.2.你不应该因为一个人穷就看不起他。______________________________________________.3.Itisimportantthatwetrytobegoodateverythingwedo.______________________________________________.4.Ifyoucutacakeintofourpartsallthesamesize,eachpartisone-fourth.______________________________________________.5.Ishallbepunishedforbeinglatethismorning.112019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第1讲及训练题含解析

______________________________________________.阅读练习话题日常生活类体裁说明文字数3建议用时7分钟实际用时正确率__/4星级★★★Doyouenjoyvisitingamuseum?Didyouevermakeaplanbeforeavisit?Everymuseummusthavesomethingthatattractsyou.Andtherearemanypossiblewaystoenjoyyourselfinamuseum.Ifyoufollowthesestepsbelow,you'llknowwhatisworthseeinganddoing,sothatyoucanmakethemostofyourtimeatthemuseum.Decidewhatmuseumyouwillvisit.Therearesomanydifferentkindsofmuseumsandyoufirstneedtofindonethatyoulike.It'seasyforyoutochooseoneandstartanenjoyablevisit!Dosomeresearchonline.Everymuseumnowhasawebsitewhichallowsyoutolookthroughtheinformationaboutit.Onthewebsite,youmaylookforsuchthingsas:•Theexhibits(展品)–Seewhatisonshowatthemuseumatalltimes,andwhatspecialexhibitionsareheldforashorttime.•Thehistoryofthemuseum–Therewilloftenbeveryinterestingstoriesabouttheexhibitsandthebenefactors(捐赠者).Thatcanmakeyourvisitmoreinteresting.•Activities–Seewhethertherearetalks,toursourspecialactivitiesonthedaywhenyouvisit.Manymuseumsholdsomeactivitiesthatmeettheinterestsofallagegroups.•Cost,foodorshortage–It'simportanthowmuchthevisitwillcost.Youhavetodecidewhetherornotyoucaneatthere.Youmightalsoneedtofindouttransportationneeds,aswellasstorageforcoats,bagsetc.Learnatleastonethingonyourvisit.Itisalwaysgoodtotakeawaysomethingnewfromyourvisit.Planbreaksintoyourvisit.Whenyouwalkaround,standinghereandstudyingexhibitsthere,youmaybecomeverytired.Soitisimportanttotakebreaks.Abreakisagoodopportunityforyoutothinkofwhatyouhaveseenandwhatelseyoumightwanttodoinmuseum.Takeafriendortwo.Visitingmuseumsisalwaysalotmorefunwhenyouarewithsomeoneelse.Youcantalkoverwhatyou’reseeing.Afriendalsobringsanotherwayofthinkingwhenyoutalkabouttheexhibit.1.Accordingtothepassage,weshouldfirst____.（细节理解题）A.dosomeresearchonlineB.makeaplanforlunch122019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第1讲及训练题含解析

C.decideonamuseumtovisitD.chooseafriendtogowith2.Tomakeourvisitmoreinteresting,wecan____.（细节理解题）A.organizeactivitieslikespecialshowsandtalksB.readthestoriesaboutexhibitsandbenefactorsC.learnabouttheinterestsofallagegroupsD.walkaroundthemuseumwithoutbreaks3.Ifwevisitamuseumwithfriends,wecan____.（细节理解题）A.sharetheexperiencewiththemB.comeupwithstrangeideasC.cutdownthecostofthevisitD.discussthenextvisitplan4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?（主旨大意题）A.Whattodoinamuseum?B.Whentovisitamuseum?C.Wheretofindamuseum.D.Howtoenjoyamuseum.参基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义haveto必须，不得不bedesignedfor为…而设计difficultadj.困难的experimentn.试验cut…into…把…切成…surprisedadj.惊讶的132019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第1讲及训练题含解析

lookdownuponbepunishedforacceptsearchhoweverunderstandorganizeprobablyv.v.conj.v.v.adv.瞧不起因…而受惩罚接受搜寻，搜查然而理解组织可能二、句子英汉互译。1.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.2.Youshouldn’tlookdownuponhimbecauseheispoor.3.我们尽力擅长我们所做的每件事是重要的。4.如果你把一块蛋糕切成同样大小的四部分，每部分就是四分之一。5.我将被惩罚因为今天早晨迟到了。阅读练习1.C2.B3.A4.DD篇名师点拨知识篇高频词单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差142019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第1讲及训练题含解析

allowboreddevelopcreativev.adj.v.adj.允许无聊的发展有创造力的n.boredomn.developmentn.creativityadv.creativelyadj.importantn.importancefreeuncomfortablelookoutof…imaginationfromtimetotimen.adj.adj.自由的不舒服的从…朝外看想象力不时，有时v.imagineadv.freelyopp.comfortableimportantlyadv.重要地长难句①Usually,whenchildrenhavenothingtodo,theywouldturnontheTV,thecomputer,orthephone.（优良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：通常，当孩子们没什么事情做时，他们会打开电视，电脑或者手机。本句是由when引导的时间状语从句，来表示学生们打开电脑，电视或手机的时间，要注意翻译顺序。②Perryfilleduphisfreetimewithwhatheliked._________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：Perry用他喜欢的事填满了他的空闲时间。本句是由what引导的宾语从句做with的宾语。方法篇“方法得当,事半功倍。”只有语料的积累,没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理,能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑,在有足够语料积累的基础上,能够帮助我们争取高分。152019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第1讲及训练题含解析

亲爱的同学,老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧,快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步第二步第三步第四步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览问题，明确要求。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。通篇寻读，确定段落。逐条分析，对号入座。第五步复读全文，验证答案。二、阅读理解解题技巧初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。题型解释题型一：细节理解题本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/false?2.Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentioned?3.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc)…?设题方式解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案2.变通理解，间接转述找答案3.多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题精析Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8to15percentofpeoplearelefthanded.Theyoftenhavetousetoolsthataredesignedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.Ifyouare162019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第1讲及训练题含解析

righthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.Ifright-handerscutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand,theywill.A.gethurtB.giveupcuttingC.feelawkwardD.changetheirtools本题可以运用到解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案浏览题干，确定关键短语为cutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand，浏览段落，确定关键句Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.方式2.Fromthetextweknowthat_____.3.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma_____.解题1.通过文章陈述的事实进行推断技巧2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3.根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaid精析boredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.Shetoldresearchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningtobakecakes.“Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,”Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.GraysonPerry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandreadingmanybooksinthelibrary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsandseasons.Perryfilleduphisfreetimewithwhatheliked.Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.172019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第1讲及训练题含解析

ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A.stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.introduceapopularwriterandafamousartistC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffectsofboredomondevelopingcreativity本题可以运用到解题技巧2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断题干意为“作者谈论Syal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为awriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.意为“MeeraSyal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考”，由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D。题型题型三：词义猜测题解释单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。设题1.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.方式2.Theword“…”mostlikelymeans_____.3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_____.解题1.通过因果关系猜测词义技巧2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义3.通过构词法猜测词义4.通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义5.通过描述猜测词义6.用知识和生活经验猜测词义7.根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义典题Childrenareexpectedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthetime.精析However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheirimagination,whileboredomcangivethemopportunitiestodevelopcreativity.Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown.B.Keepupwith.C.Gobeyond.D.Giveriseto.182019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第1讲及训练题含解析

本题可以运用到解题技巧2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意为“跟上”，C意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。设题1.问标题：Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?/Thebesttitleforthe方式passageis_____.2.问中心：Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____./Thepassageismostlyabout_____.3.问目的，态度：Theauthorwantstotell_____./Thepurposeofthisarticleisto_____.解题1.浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句技巧2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3.以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethelefthand.Young精析studentslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheirlefthandtowrite.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedthat.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirlefthandtowrite.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.Encouragementtoleft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.D.Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.本题可以运用到解题技巧2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词inthepast和itwasstrangetousethelefthand表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词thesedays和haveacceptedthat表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.，故选D。192019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第1讲及训练题含解析

语篇精讲浏览问题（抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号1题干及选项Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?（词义猜测题）A.Slowdown.B.Keepupwith.C.Gobeyond.D.Giveriseto.2ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerrytoA.stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.introduceapopularwriterandafamousartistC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffectsofboredomondevelopingcreativity3Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?（细节理解题）A.Boredomprovideschildrenwithspacetothinkfreely.B.It’smuchbetterforchildrentobebusythanbebored.C.Boredomhelpschildrendealwithdifficultiesproperly.D.It’sboringforchildrentothinkabouttheirexperiences..（推理判断题）通篇寻读话题日常生活类体裁议论文字数361建议用时7分钟实际用时正确率__/3星级★★★★ShouldChildrenBeAllowedtoGetBored?Childrenneedtimetostandandstare.Theyshouldbeallowedtogetboredtothattheycandeveloptheirabilitytobecreative.202019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第1讲及训练题含解析

Childrenareexpectedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthetime.However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheirimagination,whileboredomcangivethemopportunitiestodevelopcreativity.Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.Shetoldresearchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningtobakecakes.“Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,”Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.GraysonPerry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandreadingmanybooksinthelibrary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsandseasons.Perryfilleduphisfreetimewithwhatheliked.Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.Dr.Beltonisanexpertontheeffectsofemotionsonlearning.“Boredomcouldbeanuncomfortablefeeling,”shesaid.“Butsomeyoungpeoplecannotdealwiththatboredomcreatively.Sosometimestheymaybreakaclassroomwindow,ordriveacaroutforamadrace.”Usually,whenchildrenhavenothingtodo,theywouldturnontheTV,thecomputer,orthephone.Theirtimeonthesethingshasincreased,yettheyneedtohavetimetothinkabouttheirexperiencesthroughplayorjustwatchingtheworldaroundthem.Itisthiskindofthinkingthatcaninspiretheimagination.Ontheotherhand,theTVorphonemaycutshortthethinkingprocess.Thatcanbeharmfultothedevelopmentofcreativity.“Fordevelopingtheabilitytobecreative,”Dr.Beltonadvised,“perhapsweneedtostandandstare,andstayoff-linefromtimetotime.”逐题分析语篇解读：本篇文章是一篇日常生活类的说明文。主要阐述了孩子们应该被给予一些自由的时间，这样才能够发展他们的创造力。1.Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown.B.Keepupwith.C.Gobeyond.D.Giveriseto.解析：A词义猜测题。浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意为“跟上”，C意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。212019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第1讲及训练题含解析

2.ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerrytoA.stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.introduceapopularwriterandafamousartistC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffectsofboredomondevelopingcreativity解析：D.推理判断题。题干意为“作者谈论Syal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为awriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.意为“MeeraSyal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考”，由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D。.3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Boredomprovideschildrenwithspacetothinkfreely.B.It’smuchbetterforchildrentobebusythanbebored.C.Boredomhelpschildrendealwithdifficultiesproperly.D.It’sboringforchildrentothinkabouttheirexperiences.解析：A.细节理解题。本文的观点是无聊能够发展孩子们的创造力。A意为“无聊提供给孩子们自由思考的空间”，与文章的观点相符。B意为“对于孩子们来说忙碌比无聊更好”，这与文章观点不一致，排除。C意为“无聊帮助孩子们合理的处理困难”，文章并没有和处理困难相关的选项，排除。D意为“对于孩子们来说思考他们的经历是无聊的”，这与倒数第二段“Theirtimeonthesethingshasincreased,yettheyneedtohavetimetothinkabouttheirexperiencesthroughplayorjustwatchingtheworldaroundthem.”所表达的观点不符，排除，故选A。精讲笔记语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）222019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第1讲及训练题含解析

语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）细节理解题推理判断题词义猜测题主旨大意题321能力提升基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译★单词/短语词性词义v.adj.developcreativev.adj.adv.adj.允许无聊的重要地自由的232019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第1讲及训练题含解析

uncomfortablelookoutof…n.fromtimetotime想象力adj.二、句子英汉互译★★1.通常，当孩子们没什么事情做时，他们会打开电视，电脑或者手机。_______________________________________________________________.2.她走进我房间时，我正在看书。_______________________________________________________________.3.JamespretendedtobedeafwhenIspoketohim._______________________________________________________________.4.Fromtimetotimehefiredquestionsatme._______________________________________________________________.5.Sheswiveledroundtolookoutofthewindow._______________________________________________________________.阅读练习话题日常生活类体裁议论文字数386建议用时7分钟实际用时正确率__/3星级★★★★NewTechnologyRevolutionizes(变革)LearningMoreandmorepeoplebelievethattechnologiesaregreatforlearning.Today,suchteachingtoolsasiPadsareusedinalotofcourses,includinglanguage,historyandscience.ManyteachersaresupportersofusingiPadsinlanguagelearning.Theysaythatstudentsnowhavemuchmoretimefordiscussionintheclassroom.Insteadofspendingvaluableclasstimelisteningtotextsorwatchingteachingvideos,studentscandothisontheirownandcometoclasspreparedfordiscussion.TheteachersalsosaythatiPadsallowstudentstolearnattheirownpace.Somestudentsmightlistentoadialogueonlyonceandunderstandit,sotheycansavetimefordoingotherthings.Otherstudents,however,mightneedto242019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第1讲及训练题含解析

listentothesamedialogueagainandagaintounderstandit.UsingiPadsisespeciallyhelpfultostudentswhoarelearningalanguageatdifferentpaces.Thestudentswhoareusingthenewtoolinsomecoursesarealsohappy.TheybelievethatusingiPadsisamoreenjoyablewaytolearn(suchaslisteningtostoriesandwatchingmovies).Theclasshasbecomemuchmoreinterestingandcreative.Thereareotheradvantagesforstudents.ByusingiPads,theycanpaymoreattentiontothematerialandlearnmore.TeachingnotesarestoredintheiriPadsandareeasytofind.Somestudentsspendmoretimestudyingnow.“Icanlistentomylanguagematerialorwatchteachingvideosonthebus,insteadofhavingtowaituntilIgethome,”astudentexplained.ManyadultscomplainthattechnologiessuchasiPadsaredoingharmtostudents.TheyworrythatstudentsmightuseiPadstodownloadteachingnotesandusethemtocheatduringexams.SomebelievethatiPadsmayseparatestudentsfromeachother.IfastudentspendsmoretimewatchingvideosonaniPad,hewillhavefeweropportunitiestohaveface-to-facecommunicationwithothers.However,technologiesarealreadyapartofmoststudents’day-to-daylives.Asforcheating,teacherscanaskstudentstohandintheiriPadswhentheytakeexams.Educationneedstomakechangeswiththetimesastechnologyisplayinganimportantpart.WeshouldlookforwardtoawonderfulfuturewheniPadsandothertechnologiescanaddalottotheclassroom.1.Whatdoestheexpression“attheirownpace”inParagraph3probablymean?（词义猜测题）A.Accordingtotheirowntimetable.B.Withouttheirteachers’help.C.Becauseoftheirwonderfulgoals.D.Againsttheirparents’hope.2.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat____.（推理判断题）A.studentswithiPadshavelessdiscussioninclassB.studentsgetmorefunfromlearningwithiPadsC.iPadshelpstudentssavetimewaitingforbusesD.iPadspreventstudentsfromcheatinginexams3.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat____.（推理判断题）A.teacherscantakecontrolofstudents’learningB.examresultsdependalotonnowtechnologyC.technologyineducationhasabrightfutureD.note-takingisashelpfulasvideo-watching参252019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第1讲及训练题含解析

基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义havetobedesignedfordifficultexperimentcut…into…surprisedlookdownuponbepunishedforacceptsearchhoweverunderstandorganizeprobably二、句子英汉互译。v.v.conj.v.v.adv.adj.adj.n.必须，不得不为…而设计困难的试验把…切成…惊讶的瞧不起因…而受惩罚接受搜寻，搜查然而理解组织可能1.Usually,whenchildrenhavenothingtodo,theywouldturnontheTV,thecomputer,orthephone.2.Iwasjustreadingabookwhenshecameintomyroom.3.当我和詹姆斯讲话的时候，他假装耳聋。4.他不时向我提出很多问题。5.她转过身去望窗外。阅读练习1.A2.B3.C26