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英语强调句的用法
作者：尹丽青
来源：《中学教学参考·语英版》2014年第09期
强调句的用法一直是初高中英语学习的一个重点。现将英语强调句的用法总结如下。
一、 基本句型
1.陈述句句型：“It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+其他句子成分.”
2.一般疑问句句型：“Is/Was it +被强调部分+that/who+其他句子成分.”
3.特殊疑问句句型：“特殊疑问词+ is/was it+ that/who+其他句子成分.”
注：被强调部分指人时用that/who， 被强调部分不是指人时用that；现在时范畴内用is， 过去时范畴内用was。
二、强调句的用法
1.基本用法：可以用来强调除谓语以外的其他句子成分。
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E.g. I主语 bought a novel宾语 in the bookstore地点状语 yesterday.时间状语
It was I who/that bought a book yesterday. （强调主语）
It was a novel that I bought yesterday.（强调宾语）
It was yesterday that I bought a book in the bookstore.（强调时间状语）
It was in the bookstore that I bought a book yesterday.（强调地点状语）
2. 强调句的特殊用法：如果需要强调谓语，则可以使用do/does/did加以强调（句中动词是过去时时用did， 而用do还是does则根据人称来选择）。
I did get a lot of help from my friends.
She does know a lot about the UK.
They do like music.
3. 强调句不同句型的用法。
E.g. Lucy主语 visited her grandparents宾语 last month.时间状语
强调主语：
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It was Lucy that/who visited her grandparents last month.
Was it Lucy that/who visited her grandparents last month？
Who was it that visited her grandparents last month？
强调宾语：
It was her grandparents that/who Lucy visited last month.
Was it her grandparents that/who Lucy visited last month？
Who was it that Lucy visited last month？ （为避免和疑问词who 重复，此处使用that 引导。）
强调时间状语：
It was last month that Lucy visited her grandparents.
Was it last month that Lucy visited her grandparents？
When was it that Lucy visited her grandparents？
注意：强调句特殊疑问词的选择取决于句子中所缺少的成分以及句子的意思。
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三、 强调句的常考考点
1. 对引导词that的考查。
（13天津）It was not until near the end of the letter she mentioned her own plan.
A. that B. where C. why D. when
解析：选A。该句强调时间状语“not until near the end of the letter”， 所以用that 引导。
2. 和其他从句混在一起考查。
①（11 湖南）It’s not what we do once in a while shapes our lives， but what we do consistently.
A. which B. that C. how D. when
解析：选B。该句型含有“not...but”，强调主语从句“what we do once in a while... what we do consistently”。意为：“塑造了我们生活的不是我们偶尔所做的，而是我们坚持所做的。”
②（10 安徽） It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the
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village the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.
A. where B. that C. when D. which
解析：选B。该句的难点在于含有一个定语从句“that she had bought in the village”，强调部分是“a few supplies”。
纵观近几年来强调句的考查方式，大多是在比较复杂的句型中来考查。遇到此类题目时，必须学会划分句子的结构，同时掌握that，who 在引导其他从句时的用法，加以区别，才能以不变应万变。
（责任编辑 周侯辰）
