江苏省徐州市铜北中学2022年高二英语期末试卷含解析

一、 选择题

1. I don’t know what happened to my pet. It just ________ eat whatever I feed her.

A. don’t

B. won’t

C. can’t

D. couldn’t

参：

B

略

2. The red light above the elevator______ that he was at the tenth floor then. A. suggested B. symbolized C. observed D. indicated

参：

D

3. My parents have promised to come to see me before I _________ for Africa. A. have left B. leave C. left D. will leave 参： B 略

4. the opportunity provided by Professor Lee, Charlie finally went to China to study.

A. Instead of B. In case of C. Thanks to D. as well as

参：

C

5.

参： B 略

6. Supermarkets now offer a great ________ of goods to satisfy different needs and ________. A．variety; tastes

B．type; hopes

C．number; smell D．kind; market

参：

答案：A

句意：超市现在提供种类繁多的货物以满足不同的需要和爱好。a variety of“不同种类的”；这里taste指“爱好”。

7. The speaker mentioned many examples ______ people lived through hard times and succeeded at last． A. which

B. whose

C. when D. where

参：

D

8. — I have told Nancy many times about the meeting, but she still forget it. — I understand. Actually, anyone _______ be very forgetful at times.A. can B. should C. must D. ought to 参：

A

略

9. They seemed not to be __________ of what was happening around. A. known

B. clear C. anxious

D. aware

参：

D

【详解】考查固定用法。句意：他们似乎没有意识到周围正在发生的事情。be aware of知道，该用法是固定用法，其它选项不能构成这个结构，故选D。

10. How I wish to see her again! Believe it or not, I ________ her since we graduated. A. don’t see B. haven’t seen C. hadn’t seen D. didn’t see 参：

B

11. Today the society offers the young more chances to _______ their talent and skills.

A. give out B. take in C. show off D. carry on 参：

C

12. Our school has an _______ over others, for we have the most hardworking teachers and students.

A. profit B. benefit C. advantage D. effect 参：

C

13. His plan was such a good one ____ we all agreed to accept.

A. so B. and C. that D. as 参： D

略

14. —How about Christmas evening party? —I should say it was success.

A. a; a B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. the ; 不填 参： B 略

15. ----Why does the lake smell terrible? ----Because large quantities of water _____.

A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted 参： D

16. -- Sorry, I’m late.

--- That’s OK. I ___________ long.

A. haven’t waited B. don’t wait C. haven’t been waiting D. didn’t wait 参：

C

17. —Peter has bought another new phone again in this month? —It’s just ________ of him to lose interest and waste money. A. typical B. wise

C. considerate D. generous

参：

A

考察短语的用法。It’s typical of sb. to do sth. 这是某人的典型特征。---Peter这个月又买了一个新手机？--- 他失去兴趣又浪费钱，这是他的一贯做风了。选A。

18. —Did you remember to give Tom the book you borrowed from him?

—Yes, no sooner had I seen him ________I gave it to him.

A. while B. than C. suddenly D. once 参：

B

二、 书面表达

19. 中国教育部要求，各级各类学校要开展冬季长跑活动。请你以中学生的身份根据下面的提示写一篇短文。 提示：

1. 长跑有益健康，尤其对整天坐着工作或学习的人有好处；

2. 长跑能增强体质、防御各种疾病、提高记忆力、改善睡眠、增强意志等；

3. 有些家长担心，每天跑这么长的距离对于学生而言是一个过重的负担，特别对小学生而言。

4. 发表个人的看法，并针对一些家长的担忧为初跑者提些建议。 词数：120左右。短文的开头已经写好，不计入总词数内。

China’s Ministry of Education has launched a campaign to improve students’ health. The campaign requires students from primary schools, middle schools and colleges to run 1km, 1.5km, and 2km respectively (分别地) every work day.

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ 参：

As is known, running is good for health, especially for those who sit working or studying all day long. For example, running regularly can make us stronger, keep many kinds of diseases away, improve our memory, help get better sleep, strengthen our will and so on.

But some parents think that running such a long distance is a heavy burden for students, especially for primary school students.

I think we students should respond to the call of China’s Ministry of Education and do the long-distance running every work day. If you find it difficult to complete such a long distance at the

beginning, you can separate it for twice or three times a day. After some days’ exercise, I’m sure you can complete the task easily.

20. 请根据你对以下两幅图的理解， 以”bring back a bluer sky” 为题用英语写一篇作文。

1.简要描述两幅图的内容。

2.概述你对两幅图中不同做法的理解。 3.谈谈这两幅对你的启示。

注意：参考词汇：秸秆straw 雾霾 smog

可参考图片适当发挥；作文词数150左右。

参：

People take different attitudes towards environmental protection . In Picture 1, a farmer is burning straws, black smoke rising into the air while Picture 2 shows some volunteers launch a campaign to call attention to the issue.

Obviously, the farmer hasn’t recognized what damage straw burning will cause----smog, a kind of heavy air pollution. How can we deal with such a phenomenon? The answer is definitely the latter. Immediate action should be taken to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection.

We have only one earth. We want to bring back a blue sky. In my opinion, the government should adopt new policies to ban farmers from burning straws. Besides, various activities need to be organized to make it clear to people that everyone is responsible for a healthy environment. Meanwhile, it would be rewarding to educate people about ways of living that benefit the environment . Let’s work together, right now!

【亮点说明】文章采用三段式，语言质朴，内容齐全，布局合理，使用高级句子。the farmer hasn’t recognized what damage straw burning will cause----smog,采用名词性从句表达；obviously，besides，meanwhile等连接词的使用使得行文更加流畅；Immediate action should be taken to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection; various activities need to be organized to make it clear to people that everyone is responsible for a healthy environment等被动语态的使用使得文章句子表达更为地道。

三、 阅读理解

21. A company in San Francisco, California, has found a way to turn used plastic bottles into women's shoes.

Every day, millions of Americans drink water and other liquids from plastic bottles. More than 60 million of them are thrown away each day. Many of the plastic bottles end up in landfills or are burned with other waste products.

A San Francisco start-up company called Rothy's, however, turns this plastic waste into environmentally

friendly shoes. Roth Martin is the company's co-founder. He explains how they turn plastic into soft material for women's feet. They take the plastic, clean it, and break it down into small pieces. Then they press them through a device that makes soft fibers. Those fibers are then combined together. This is done by a 3D machine. It is designed to reduce waste while making the shoes. The knitted stuff and the inner part of the shoe are then attached to the shoe's outer part, called the sole. This outer sole is also made from environmentally friendly material: responsibly sourced no-carbon rubber.

Rothy's shoes are sold online. They are flat shoes, with either a rounded or pointed toe. They come in different color1 s and designs. They cost either $ 125 or $ 145 per pair, depending on the design. After American actress Gwyneth Paltrow discovered them last year, the demand for the shoes grew. Martin says there is no shortage of material to fill that demand. “We're not going to run out of water bottles any time soon. So we have a limitless supply of material, and I think that is a good sign for our future.” When the environmentally friendly shoes wear out, customers can return them at no cost to a company that uses the recycled material to make other products.

For now, the shoes are only available to be shipped in the United States. However, the company says it will add international shipping in the near future. 12. How are used plastic bottles usually dealt with?

A. They are used to make shoes. B. They are buried or burned.

C. They are changed into soft materials. D. They are returned to factories for reuse. 13. What does the underlined word “knitted” in the third paragraph mean? A. Combined. B. Fixed. C. Spotted. D. Repaired.

14. Which of the following directly helped to increase the sales of Rothy's shoes?

A. The design and color1 . B. The reasonable price.

C. The company's advertisement. D. The star power of Gwyneth Paltrow. 15. What is the purpose of the text? A. To advertise a new kind of shoes.

B. To introduce a new way of recycling plastic waste. C. To describe the process of making shoes.

D. To stress the importance of environmental protection.

参：

12. B 13. A 14. D 15. B

本文为说明文。文章介绍了一种回收塑料垃圾的新方法——一种将旧塑料瓶变成女鞋的方法 【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中的Many of the plastic bottles end up in landfills or are burned with other waste products.可知，废弃塑料瓶的处理方法是被埋葬或焚烧。故B选项正确。 【13题详解】

词义猜测题。根据第三段中的Those fibers are then combined together. This is done by a 3D machine. It is designed to reduce waste while making the shoes.（然后将这些纤维结合在一起。这是由一台3D机器完成的。它的设计目的是在制造鞋子的同时减少浪费），这些knitted东西和鞋的内部部分被连接到鞋的外部分，叫做鞋底。由此推出划线词的意思是“结合的”。故A选项正确。 【14题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段中的After American actress Gwyneth Paltrow discovered them last year, the demand for the shoes grew.可知，The star power of Gwyneth Paltrow.直接帮助增加了Rothy鞋子的销售。故D选项正确。 【15题详解】

写作意图题。根据第一段中的A company in San Francisco, California, has found a way to turn used plastic bottles into women's shoes.可知，本文是为了介绍一种回收塑料垃圾的新方法。故B选项正确。

22. New research about male guppies, a tropical fish found in most fresh and saltwater environments published in the journal Functional Ecology suggests that male guppies exposed to high predation (捕食行动) levels often develop larger brain sizes than those living in low-risk environments. Consequently, the development of larger brain sizes among the male guppy population allows for better chances of survival under high predation conditions.

The team began its research in the southern Caribbean. They concentrated their observations on populations located in two independent rivers. In each, they collected male guppies living above and below the waterfalls. A small amount of predators lived in the waters above the waterfall, therefore the local guppy

population had evolved (进化) under predation-poor conditions into a predation-poor population.

On the other hand, below the waterfall, predators were found to be increasing, making environment dangerous. Scientists noticed that male guppies located above the waterfalls often displayed on average smaller brain sizes than males living under the waterfall.

The next step was to find out if male guppies from high-predation population only had larger brains as a result of long evolutionary processes or a direct response to exposure (暴露) to risk during development. This question took the team away from the tropics and back to the laboratory, taking a sample group of guppies originating from high predation group. These were divided into two test populations. The first group was exposed to the sight and smell of a predator living in a nearby aquarium for five minutes at a time, five times a week. The other guppies served as a control group and lived in non-predatory places. The results showed that males exposed to predators have 21 per cent heavier brains than those of the control group.

Male guppies are generally more color1 ful than females and thus more likely to be exposed to predation threats. The increase in intellect could offer males advantages such as the ability to detect and react to danger earlier, increasing their chances of survival. 8. We learn from the passage that ________. A. smarter fish have better chances of survival B. guppies can’t survive in high predator conditions C. the size of guppies changes with the environment D. larger brains only result from long evolutionary process 9. This new research was done mainly by ________. A. listing facts B. analyzing data

C. making comparisons D. explaining reasons

10. Male guppies are more easily attacked than females because of their ________. A. appearance B. behavior C. life history

D. living environment

11. Which of the following proverbs reflects the findings of the research? A. Pain past is pleasure. B. Great hopes make great man. C. While there is life, there is hope. D. Storms make trees take deeper roots.

参：

8. A 9. C 10. A 11. D

本文为说明文。最新研究表明，暴露在高捕食行动下的雄性古比鱼通常比生活在低风险环境中的雄性古比鱼的大脑更大更聪明，他们有更好的生存机会。由此可见，环境愈恶劣，物种的生存能力越强。

【8题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段最后“Consequently, the development of larger brain sizes among the male guppy population allows for better chances of survival under high predation conditions.”及最后一段“Male guppies are generally more color1 ful than females and thus more likely to be exposed to predation threats. The increase in intellect could offer males advantages such as the ability to detect and react to danger earlier, increasing their chances of survival.”通过这两部分的内容可知，研究发现在高捕食条件下，暴露在高捕食行动下的雄性鱼通常比生活在低风险环境中的雄性鱼的大脑更大、更聪明，他们有更好的生存机会。它们能早发现危险，早应对危险，这增加了他们生存的机会。由此可推断出更聪明的鱼儿生存机会更好。分析选项可知A 符合题意，故选A。 【9题详解】

细节理解题。由文章第二段至第三段可知，研究小组在南加勒比地区开始的研究中对比了位于河流上下游的雄性guppies，由第四段可知，研究小组把一群源自高捕食群的guppies分为两个试验群体进行了对比。分析选项可知C符合题意，故选C。 【10题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Male guppies are generally more color1 ful than females and thus more likely to be exposed to predation threats.”可知，雄性鱼比雌性鱼外表颜色更鲜艳，因此更容易受到被捕食的威胁。由此可推断出雄性鱼易受攻击是因为其外表，故选A。 【11题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段内容“在《功能生态学》杂志上发表的一项关于热带鱼类雄性鱼的最新研究表明，暴露在高捕食水平下的雄性鱼通常比生活在低风险环境中的雄性鱼的大脑更大。因此，在高捕食条件下，雄性鱼群体中大脑发育体积较大的有更好的生存机会。”由此可知，在环境愈恶劣的环境中生存能力越强。分析选项：A. Pain past is pleasure. 苦尽甘来；B. Great hopes make great man 伟大的抱负造就伟大的人物；C. While there is life, there is hope只要活着，就有希望；D. Storms make trees take deeper roots. 暴风雨使树木扎根更深（感激敌人，感激挫折）。可知D项符合题意，故选D。