一.必记单词
matter n. 问题;事情 hurt v. (使)疼痛,受伤 kilo n. 千克,公斤 stomachache n. 胃痛;腹痛 passenger n. 乘客;旅客 rock n. 岩石 neck n. 颈,脖子
trouble n.问题;苦恼
knife n. 刀
throat n. 咽喉,喉咙 hit v. 击,打 blood n. 血 lie v. 躺;平躺
press v. 压,挤,按
fever n. 发烧 bandage n. 绷带 v.用绷带包扎 mean v. 意思是,打算,离开 rest v&n. 放松,休息 sick adj. 生病的,有病的 decision n. 决定;抉择 headache n. 头痛
climber n. 登山者
spirit n. 勇气,意志
importance n.重要性;重要
cough n&v. 咳嗽 knee n. 膝盖 control n&v. ,约束,管理 X-ray n. X射线,X光 risk n&v 危险,风险,冒险 death n. 死;死亡 toothache n. 牙痛 accident n. (交通)事故;意外遭遇 nurse n. 护士 break n. 间歇,休息
二.常考短语
have a cold感冒 have a stomachache胃痛 lie down躺下
take one’s temperature量体温
have a fever发烧 take breaks休息
get off 下车 to one’s surprise使…惊讶的;出乎…意料 right away立即;马上
get into 陷入;参与 be used to习惯于…适应于…
take risks( take a risk)冒险
run out(of)用尽;耗尽 cut off 切除
get out of离开,从……出来
be in control of掌管;管理 give up放弃
too much太多
see a dentist看牙医 get an X-ray拍个X光片 play computer games玩电脑游戏 all weekend整个周末
take breaks/take a break休息
situation n. 情况,状况
without thinking twice 没多想 go to a doctor看医生
take sb. to the hospital带某人去医院 wait for等待 thanks to多亏;由于
in time及时 think about考虑 have a heart problem有心脏病 get to到达 do the right thing做正确的事 fall down摔倒;跌倒
play soccer踢足球 put… on sth把…..放在某物上 a fewー些;几个
come in进来 get hit/ sunburned被打击/晒伤 be interested in对……感兴趣 lose one’s life失去生命
because of因为
make a decision/ make decisions做决定 go mountain climbing去爬山
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to one’s surprise使…惊讶的;出乎……的意料
put some medicine on. 在……“上敷些药 by oneself 独自;单独
need to do sth. 需要做某事
see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 expect sb to do sth期待/期望某人做某 help sb. (to) do sth帮助某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事
三.经典句型
——What’ s the matter with Ben?本,怎么了?
have problems(in) doing sth做某事有困难
ask sb sth询问某人某事 be / get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 agree to do sth同意做某事 seem to do sth 好像做某事 want to do sth想要做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事
use sth to do sth. 用某物做某事
keep on doing sth继续做某事
——He hurt himself. He has a sore back. 他伤着自己了。他背痛。 ——What should she do ?她应该做什么?
——She should take her temperature. 她应该量体温。
四.重点语法
1.询问某人的健康问题及遇到麻烦时的常用表达
(1). What’ s the matter?A(1)怎么了? 常用于询问某人患了何种疾病,遇到了什么困难、烦恼或周边出了什么状况等,也可用于询向某物出了什么故障。其后可接 with sb. /sth,表示“某人/某物怎么了?此句型中, matter 前须加定冠词the.
——What’ s the matter with you?你怎么了? ——I have a cold. 我感冒了 拓展:询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时,常用以下几种结构来表达:
1).What’s the matter( with sb. )?(某人)怎么了? 2).What ’s wrong( with sb. )?(某人)怎么了? 3).What’ s the trouble( with sb.)?/What’s one’s trouble?(某人)出什么事了?
4).What happened(to sb. )?(某人)发生什么事了? 5).Are you OK?你没事吧? 6).Is there anything wrong( with sb)?(某人)有什么事吗?
(2) I have a cold. A(1)我感冒了。
have此处用作及物动词,意为“患(病);遭受(病痛)”,常用于结构“ have a/an+疾病名称”,表示患病或身体某部位不舒服。此时它不能用于进行时态。其第三人称单数形式为has,过去式为had.
have a cold意为“患感冒”,相当于 get a cold/ catch a cold/ have got a cold。当cold前有表示感冒的轻重程度的形容词little,bad, heavy等时,不定冠词不能省略。 He had a bad cold last week他上个星期患了重感冒 have a fever发烧 have a headache头痛 have a stomachache胃痛 have a cough咳嗽 拓展: 要表达身体某一部位疼痛或不舒服,可用以下几种结构
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1)某人+have/has十病症 The twins have colds. 这对双胞胎感冒了。
2)某人+have/has a(n)十身体部位-ache( headache/ toothache/ stomachache/backache/earache) She had a stomachache last night. . 她昨晚胃痛。
3)某人+have/ has a sore+身体部位 He has a sore throat. 他喉咙痛。 4)某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词 He hurt his leg. 他的腿受伤了 5)身体部位+hurt(s) My head hurts badly我头痛得厉害。 6)某人+have/ has a pain in one’s+身体部位 I have a pain in my chest. 我胸口痛 7)( There is) something wrong with one’s+身体部位 There is something wrong with my right eye.我的右眼有毛病。 8)其他表达方式
She has a heart trouble她有心脏病。 He got hit on the head. 他头部受到了擅击。 She cut her finger. 她割破手指了
2. 情态动词 should 的用法
1). You shouldn’t eat so much next time. 下次你不应该吃那么多 2). He should lie down and rest.他应该躺下休息。
3). He should see a dentist and get an X-ray. 他应该看牙医并拍个X光片 4). Should I put some medicine on it?我应该在上面敷些药吗?
以上四个句子中都含有情态动词 should,其中2、3两句是肯定句,第1句是否定句,4句是一般疑问句 should情态动词,意为“应该;应当”,后接动词原形,无人称和数的变化。否定形式在后加not,缩写should’t 谓语中含有情态动词 should的肯定句变为一般疑问句时,把 should提到主语之前。 should的具体用法为:
1). 表示提出意见或建议。 You should drink lots of water. 你应该喝大量的水。 2). 表示义务、责任。 We should study hard. 我们应该努力学习。 3). 表示命令、责备或要求,语气比较强烈。 You shouldn’t be so careless. 你不应该这么粗心。 4). 表示推测和可能性。 He should be a teacher 他应该是一位老师。
5). 用于主语为第一人称的疑问句中,表示征询意见 Should we tell her about it?我们应该告诉地这件事吗? 拓展:助记:情态动词should的用法:表示劝告与建议,也表责任与义务,第一人称问句中,征询意见要记清
五. 要点全解
1、词义辨析:(1)lie与lay
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I think you should lie down and rest. A(2)我认为你应该躺下休息。
lie (lay, lain, lying)此处用作不及物动词,意为“躺;平躺”。 lie down意为“躺下”
Don’t lie in bed all morning. 不要一上午都躺在床上。 He found a dog lying at the door.他发现一只狗趴在门口。 拓展:1). lie(lay,lain, lying)作不及物动词,还可意为“存在;处于”。
Qingdao lies in the east of Shandong青岛位于山东东部。 Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中国东面。 2).lie(lied,lied, lying)t作不及物动词,还可意为“撒谎;说谎”。 lie to sb. 意为“对某人撒谎”。 You are lying to me. 你在对我撤谎。
3).lie作可数名词,意为“谎言;假话”。 tell a lie/tell lies意为“说谎”。 I know he told a lie just now. 我知道他刚才说了假话。
4).lay(laid,laid, laying)作动词,意为“产(卵);下蛋;放置;安放”。
The hen stopped laying eggs. 这只母鸡不下蛋了She laid the baby down gently on the bed. 她把婴儿轻轻地放在床上 (2)get on/into与 get off/ out of
He got off and asked the woman what happened. A(3)他下车问那位妇女发生了什么事。 get off意为“下车”,其反义短语为 get on(上车) Never get off while the bus is moving.车在行驶时,切勿下车。
拓展:1)get off意为“下(汽车、火车、飞机等)” The passengers got off the bus乘客们下了公交车。 2)get on意为“登上(汽车、火车等)”,后面常跟较大的交通工具,其反义短语为 get off When I got on the bus, I saw my teacher sitting there当我上公交车时,我看见我的老师坐在那里。 3)get into意为“进入(汽车、出租车、电梯等)”,后面常跟较小的交通工具,其反义短语为 get our of He got into a taxi and left 他上了一辆出租车离开了。
4)get out of意为“从(汽车、出租车、电梯、直升机等)下来” She got out of the car and went into the hall.她下了车,然后进入了大厅。 (3)thanks to 与thanks for in time与 on time
Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the doctors in time. A(3)多亏了王先生和乘客们,医生及时挽救了老人的生命。
1)thanks to意为“由于;多亏;因为”在句中作状语,常位于句首,有时可与 because of或 with the help of进行转换。
Thanks to my teacher, I finished the homework on time.
=With the help of my teacher, I finished the homework on time. 多亏了老师的帮助,我接时完成了作业。 Thanks to (=Because of) the bad weather, we had to put off our trip.由于恶劣的天气,我们只好推迟了旅行。 拓展:thanks to意为“由于,多亏,因为,”并无当面感谢的意思,其后可接名词或代词
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Thanks to these kind men, her son was saved 多亏了这些好心人,她的儿子得救了 thanks for意为“因…而感谢”,后接感谢的原因,其后可接名词、代词或动词ing形式 Thanks for your help. 感谢你的帮助
Thanks for telling me about it谢谢你告诉我这件事。
2)in time意为“及时”,强调正好赶上事先约定的时间,没有迟到,其后可接for引导的介词短语,表示“正赶上某事”
on time意为“准时”指按计划做某事,强调不迟到,不早不晚
I am just in time for the plane. . 我正好赶上那个航班。 Passengers get onto the plane on time. 乘客们准时登机。 (4)with与in too much, much too与 too many
Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood. B(6)然后,他用左臂给自己绑上带,这样他就不会失血过多。
1)此处介词with意为“用(工具等)”。You can cut it with a knife.你可以用刀子把它切开。 拓展:with,介词,“用(エ具等)” They eat with forks. 他们用叉子吃饭。 I’ll have to see it with my own eyes. 我必须亲眼看到它
in,介词,“用(语言、声音、材料等)” She can give a talk in English她能用英语作演讲。 He talked to her in a low voice,他低声和地说话。
2)此处 so that引导目的状语从句,意为“以便;为了”。它还可以引导结果状语从句。其用法区别为: 引导目的状语从句,“以便,为了”,从句中常使用can/ could/may/should/would等情态动词
引导结果状语从句,“因此,所以”,从句中谓语根据需要使用相应的时态,一般不用can或may等词,在 so that前可以用逗号
Bring it closer so that I may see it better把它拿近些,以便我能看清楚些。(目的状语从句
She got up late so that she missed the early bus.她起床晚了,因此她没赶上早班公交车。(结果状语从句) 3)此处 too much修饰不可数名词,意为“太多”。 She always has too much work to do. 她总是有太多工作要做
拓展:too much,意为“太多”,修饰不可数名词,置于名词前;也可修动词,在动词后 I have too much homework to do today. 今天我有太多作业要做 The doctor told him not to drink too much.医生告诉他不要喝太多。 much too意为“太”,修饰形容词或副词原级,表示程度
The work is much too hard for me这工作对我来说太难了He's much too fat for his age.就他的年龄而言,他太胖了。 too many意为“太多”,修饰复数名词,There are too many people in the park.公园里有太多人。
助记:too much, much too,用法区别看后头:much后跟不可数,too后只跟形或副;too many要记住,后面名词必
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复数。
2、She talked too much yesterday and didn’t drink enough water. A(1)她昨天说话太多,又没喝足够的水。 enough此处用作形容词,意为“足够的;充足的”,修饰名词时,常放在名词前,有时也放在名词后 Some children in Africa don’t have enough food to eat,一些非洲儿童没有足够的食物吃, There was enough rain last year. 去年有足够的雨水
拓展:1) enough作副词,意为“足够地;充分地”,可修饰形容词或副词,要放在被修饰的词之后。 It’ s warm enough in the room. 屋子里够暖和了 He runs quickly enough他跑得足够快 2)enough后常接“(for+名词/代词+) to do sth. "结构,意为足够……,能做某事”, The box is light enough for the boy to carry. 这个箱子足够轻,这个男孩能抱动
助记: enough在句中的位置:修饰名词很自由,可以置前也可后,若是修饰形或副,一定后置要记住 3. drink some hot tea with honey A(2)喝些加蜂的热茶
介词短语 with honey作后置定语,修饰 hot tea。with为介词,在此处意为“具有;带有”,表示事物所具有的性质、特征;其反义词为 without,意为“没有”。
Would you like some coffee with sugar?你想喝点加糖的咖啡吗? China is a country with a long history.中国是一个有悠久历史的国家。 拓展:介词with的用法有很多,常见的还有:
1)with意为“和……“在一起”。Mr. Black is talking with a friend. 布菜克先生正在和一个朋友谈话 2)with意为“使用”She cut the apple with a knife. 她用刀子切苹果 3)with意为“关于,对于”What’s the matter with him?他怎么了?
4)with表示行为方式。She likes to sleep with the light on. 她喜欢开着灯睡觉。 4. You need to take breaks away from the computerA(2). 你需要离开电脑体息。
1)need此处用作实义动词,意为“需要”,后面可接名词、代词、动词ing形式及带to的动词不定式作宾语。 She needs your help. 她需要你的帮助。The room needs cleaning/to be cleaned.这个房间需要打扫。 We need to think twice about it我们对这件事需要三思。
need后面接动名词ing形式时,动词ing形式表示被动意义。此时主语常为物。
【拓展】need作情态动词,意为“需要”,无人称和数的变化,其后接动词原形,通常用疑问句或否定句中。 一— Need I finish the work today?我需要今天完成这项工作吗?
——Yes, you must. /No, you needn’t是的,你必须(完成)。/不,你不必(完成)。 There is enough time, You needn’t worry. 有足够的时间。你不必担忧。
5. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor. A(2)如果明天你的头和脖子还痛的话,就去看医生。1)此处连词if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果;假如”。在含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句中,如果主句
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是祈使句或含有情态动词(原形),从句应用一般现在时表将来。 If you have questions, please ask me如果你有同题,请问我 If you have questions, you can ask me如果你有问题,你可以问我
【拓展】在含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句中,若主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来。 If she arrives in New York, I'll telephone you.如果她到了纽约,我会打电话给你 2) go to a doctor为固定短语,意为“去看医生”,相当于 go to see a doctor Bill went to a doctor yesterday. 比尔昨天去看医生了。
6. Did you hurt yourself playing soccer?A(4)你踢足球时伤着自己了吗?
1)hurt(hurt,hurt)此处用作及物动词,意为“(使)疼痛;受伤”。主要指碰撞、打击等造成的肉体伤害,也可引申为精神或情感上的“伤害”
He hurt his right knee. 他伤了右膝。She was hurt at his words. 听了他的话,她感到很伤心。 2) yourself为反身代词,意为“你自己”。其复数形式为 yourselves,意为“你们自己”。 反身代词的单复数形式应和主语的形式保持一致
Did you learn English by yourself?你是自学的英语吗? I hope you ’ll enjoy yourselves.我希望你们玩得高兴。 拓展: 反身代词的构成
代词 第一人称 人称代词 反身代词 I myself 单数 第二人称 you yourself 第三人称 he/she/it 第一人称 we 复数 第二人称 you yourselves 第三人称 they themselves himself/herself/itself ourselves 注意:第一、第二人称的反身代词由其形容词性的物主代词加上self或 selves构成;第三人称的反身代词由其宾格代词加上-self或- selves构成。 反身代词常用于下列短语中:
enjoy oneself玩得高兴 teach oneself/ learn sth. by oneself自学 help oneself to…随便吃(喝) hurt oneself伤着自己 by oneself独自;单独 cut oneself割伤自己
3)此处 playing soccer为现在分词短语作时间状语,常在前面加上when或 while,相当于时间状语从句when/ while you were playing soccer She hurt her leg( when she was) dancing. 她跳舞时伤了腿。
7. Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbingB(6)阿伦·罗尔斯顿是一个对登山感兴趣的美国人。此处 who is interested in mountain climbing为定语从句,修饰先行词man,who为关系代词。当先行词为人时,常用关系代词who或that引导定语从句,who或that在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。who或that作主语时不可省略,作宾语时可省略。
Do you know the girls who/that are dancing?你认识那些正在跳舞的女孩吗?(who/that作主语,不可省略)
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The man (that/who) you are waiting for won't come你正在等的那个人不会来了。(who/that作宾语,可省略) 8. As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risk. B(6)作为一名登山者,阿伦习惯于冒险。 1)as此处用作介词,意为“作为”
He works in the hotel as a cook他在宾馆当师。
2) climber可数名词,意为“登山者;攀登者”。该词是由“动词climb+-er”构成的名词,许多动词后可加er或or构成名词,表示动作的执行者。
write(写作)→ writer(作者) sing(唱歌)- singer(歌唱家;歌手) swim(游泳)→ swimmer(游泳者) collect(收集)→ collector(收集者;收藏家) visit(参观)→ visitor(参观者) invent(发明)→ inventor(发明家) 3) be used to意为“习惯于……适应于…”,to后可接名词、代词或动词ing形式 该短语中be还可换成get
He is/ gets used to hard work他习惯于艰苦的工作。He is/ gets used to going to bed early他习惯于早睡。 拓展】① be used to do sth意为“被用于做某事”,是被动语态,不定式表示目的,可用于多种时态。 Wood is used to make houses. 木材被用来造房子。
② used to do sth意为“过去常常做某事”,只用于过去时态。He used to go to bed early. 他过去常常睡觉很早。 4) take risks意为“冒险”,相当于 take a risk。risk此处用作可数名词,意为“危险;风险” You can ’t get rich without taking risks.人不冒险不富。
Eating junk food can increase the risk of the illness. 吃垃圾食品会增加生病的风险。 【拓展】risk用作及物动词,意为“冒险”,其后可接名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语
He risked his life when he saved the child from the fire.他冒着生命危险把那个孩子从火中救了出来。 I’m willing to risk losing everything. 我愿意冒失去一切的危险。
9、So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm. B(6)因此他用刀子切断了他的半条右臂 1) use sth. to do sth意为“用某物做某事”
I use a knife to cut apples, =I use a knife for cutting apples. 我用刀子切苹果。 use sth. to do sth与use sth. for doing sth可互换。 2) knife可数名词,意为“刀”,其复数形式为 knives There are three knives on the table. 桌子上有3把刀子。 助记:以-f(e)结尾,词尾变为-ves构成复数的名词
小偷(thief)之妻(wife)生活(life)难,自己(self)扫叶(leaf)来做饭 忽见一狼(wolf)架( shelf)后躲,抽刀( knife)把它砍两半(half) 3) cut off为固定短语,意为“切除;切断”
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When was the telephone cut off?电话什么时候被切断了? 拓展:常见的与cut相关的短语
cut down砍倒;减少 cut up切碎 cut in插入;插话 cut…into…把……切成… cut out 删掉;割去 10. This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of. B(6)它的意思是“处于一个你似乎无法摆脱的困境之中"。
mean及物动词,意为“意思是;意为”,表示一个人的言论或行为、某一标志或词语的意思所指,其后常接名词、动词ing形式或宾语从句。其过去式为 meant,名词形式为meaning,意为“意义;意思” A dictionary tells you what words mean. 词典告诉你词语的含义。 You mean that you can’ t come tomorrow?你的意思是你明天不能来了? 【拓展】1)mean还可意为“意味着”,其后常接名词或动词ing形式作宾语。 My new job means working all day and all night.我的新工作意味着夜以继日地工作。 2)what do you mean by...? =What do/does .. mean? =what's the meaning of.? 意为“……是什么意思?,其中by后跟名词、代词或动词ing形式。
What do you mean by this word? =What does this word mean? = What's the meaning of this word?这个单词是什么意思? 3)mean还可意为“打算;意欲”。 mean to do sth意为“打算做某事”。 I mean to talk with him about it. 我打算和他谈谈这件事。
11.His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience. B(6)他对登山如此酷爱,甚至在这次断臂经历之后他还继续登山。
1)so…that. 意为“如此…以至于…”,that引导结果状语从句。此句型中,so是副词,常用来修饰形容词或副词。常用句型结构为:主语十谓语+so+adj. /adv. +that从句
She is so young that she can’ t look after herself. 她如此小以至于不能照顾自己。
注意:如果so…that…句型中,that引导的从句中的主语与主句中的主语一致,在否定句中可与too…to… 或not. .. enough to…结构转换。
He is so young that he can’t go to school =He is too young to go to school.= He isn't old enough to go to school. 他太小了,不能去上学
2) keep on doing sth,意为“继续做某事”。表示动作重复多次,中间有间隔,强调重复性 She kept on working although she was tired. . 尽管地累了,她还继续工作。
【拓展】① keep doing sth意为“继续不停地做某事”。表示动作的持续不间断、无停顿,强调连续性。 Keep walking until you reach the end of the road. 继续走,直到你到达路的尽头。 ② keep sb doing sth. 意为“使某人一直做某事” Don’ t keep your mother waiting. 不要让你妈妈一直等着。
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③ keep sb from doing sth意为“阻止某人做某事”。
You shouldn’t keep him from watching cartoons. 你不该阻止他看动画片。
六.范文背诵。
每个人都希望自己健康。那么,如何保持身体健康呢?请围绕这个话题并结合你自己的实际情况,写一篇英语短文,简要地谈一谈你的做法。要求80个词左右。
It’s important for everyone to keep healthy. As for myself, how do I keep healthy? First, I take exercise every day. I like many kinds of sports such as running, swimming, playing basketball, etc. Second, I eat a balanced diet. I have a good eating habit. I like vegetables and fruit very much, and I seldom eat junk food. Third, I sleep for at least eight hours every night. I think the best way of relaxing is sleeping.
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