第十章 元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 [] a [] [] e []] []/[]] i [a]] [] o [u] [] u [ju(:)] popular congratulation January 2-10 2-11 also zero photo autumn difficult 2-08 2-09 exercise satellite second tonight somebody welcome 2-06 2-07 chicken pocket begin children holiday beautiful family animal 2-04 2-05 orange comrade village cabbage hundred student open moment 2-02 2-03 例 词 China another woman breakfast 编 号 2-01 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[e]音，例如：operate u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence 2-12 February issue 绝对弱化现象（元字组及辅字组都可出现绝对弱化现象，如辅音中的爆破音失去爆破） carnation[k:nen]，未弱化的读音为[k:nephysiognomy 字母g的发音被绝对弱化了。 在非重读音节中的元音字母常有省略发音的现象（绝对弱化现象） vegetable [vedtbl] → [vedtbl] 蔬菜 factory [fktri] → [fktri] 工厂 ] → [ltrt] 文学 in] literature [ltrtuniversity [ju:nv:sti] → [ju:nv:sti] 大学 temperature [temprt] → [temprt] 温度
environment [nvarnmnt] → [nvarnmnt] 环境
interest [ntrst] → [ntrst] 兴趣（前面一个字母e的读音被省略） every [evri] 每个（后面一个字母e的读音被省略） chocolate [
t
klt] 巧克力（后面一个字母o的读音被省略）
innocent [nsnt]无罪的 present [preznt]出席 lavatory [lvtr]厕所 opera [pr]歌剧 natural [n
trl]
元字组在非重读音节中的非弱化现象
元字组在非重读音节中会出现非弱化现象，即在非重读音节中仍按重读音节规则发音。也可以将这种非弱化音节理解为次重读音节。次重读音节出现在主重读音节之后，通常会省略次重音符号。例如： exercise satisfy piano apricot etiquette
元音字组也有这种情况 alloy n.合金 cuckoo convoy cocoa
robot radio photo athletic programme
dialogue crocodile donate context alcohol
astronaut satire 讽刺作品 hemisphere 半球
Compare the pronunciation of at in the following two sentences: I got up at/t/ six o'clock. What are you looking at/t/?
In the first sentence, at is not stressed(prepositions, conjunctions, articles, pronouns and auxiliary verbs are not usuallly stressed). In the second example, at is at the end of the sentence, in a more important position, and so has the stressed pronunciation /
t/.
There are around fifty words like at, which have two pronunciations: a ‘strong form', in which the vowel is generally pronounced as it is written, and a ‘weak form', in which the vowel is pronounced with // or //. The weak form is much more common than the other; the strong form is only used if the word is specially stressed for some reason. Compare: I was late./wz/ It was raining./wz/ Yes, I was./wz/ I must go now./ms(t)/
I really must stop smoking./mst/ Where have you been?/v/ You should have told me./v/
We usually have dinner at eight./hv/(Have is the main verb in this sentence.) Note that the contracted negative always has a strong pronunciation.
can't /k:nt/(US:/kmustn't /msnt/ wasn't /msnt/
nt/)
The most important words which have strong and weak forms are:
a am an and are as at be been but can could do does for from had
/e/ /m/ /n/ /nd/ /:(r)/ /z/ /t/ /bi:/ /bi:n/ /bt/ /k
n/
strong form
// /m/ /n/
weak form
/nd,n/ /(r)/ /z/ /t/ /b/ /bn/ /b/kn/ /kd/ /d/ /dz/ /f(r)/ /frm/ /hd,d/
t/
/kd/ /du:/ /dz/ /f:(r)/ /frm/ /h
d/
has have he her him his is must not of our Saint shall she should sir some than that(conj) the them
there(see 599)
/h/h
z/ v/
/hz,z/ /hv,v/ /h
,/
/hi:/ /h:/ /hm/ /hz/ /z/ /mst/ /nt/ /v/ /a/se/
l/ (r)/ nt/
/h(r),(r)/ /m/ /z/ /z,s/ /mst,ms/ /nt/ /v/ /:(r)/
/snt/ (GB only) /l/
/i:/ /d/ /s:(r)/ /sm/ ///i:/ /em/ /e(r)/
n/
t/
// /d/
/s(r)/ /sm/ /////
n/ t/ ,/ m/ (r)/
to us was we were who would will you your
/tu:/ /s/ /wz/ /wi:/ /w:(r)/ /hu:/ /wd/ /wl/ /ju:/ /j:(r)/
/t/ /s/ /wz/ /w/w(r)/ /h/ /wd,d/ /l,l/ /j/ /j(r)/
/
②单个元音字母在非重读音节中的非弱化现象。
元音字母在非重读音节中会出现非弱化现象，即在非重读音节中仍按重读音节规则发音。例如：
元音字组在非重读音节中也有非弱化现象。例如： carnation[ k:nen ]
元音字母在非重读音节中的非弱化读音，也可以理解为次重读音节，次重读音节出现在重读音节前时，通常要标出次重读符号；如果次重读音节出现在重读音节之后，可以省略次重读符号。
更多的非弱化现象:
aspect 方面 climax 高潮 comment 评论 complex 复杂的
matador [mtd:]斗牛士 migrate [robot机器人 syntax 句法 alcohol 酒精 练习 10-01 朗读下列单词，判断非重读音节中元音字母的发音
答案
slogan element library hybrid holiday
cottage congratulation toilet magpie
horrid orange children forum
ratify
military history stereo
target
hundred
chicken
maret]迁徒
