2019高考英语写作之基本句型结构和词类解析精讲精练（无答案）
第一章 词类及其功能
英语与汉语一样，由词成句，由句成段，由段成篇。因此，学习英语时，
我们首先要了解构成英语这门语言的基本单位----词（word）。
一、英语有十大词类： 1、名词----book, water, people…
2、代词----I, you, his, ours, each, one, this, that ,what, who… 3、动词----come, write, look, seem, be, can, must, do, did… 4、形容词----clear, happy, interesting, surprised… 5、副词----here, today, happily, when, where… 6、数词----one, sixty, fourth, ninth… 7、介词----on, over, above, with, from, off 8、连词----and, or, but, while… 9、冠词----a/an, the 10、感叹词----oh, dear…
以上十大词类中，使用频率最高的是：名词、代词、动词、形容词和副词。 除以上10大词类，还有三种由短语构成的词：
1、短语动词----get up, call on, take care of, get in touch with… 2、短语介词----because of, in front of, instead of… 3、短语连词----as if, even if, as long as… 二、各种词类的功能
1、名词----主语、宾语、补语、表语、定语 This glass works lies in our city. 2、代词----主语、宾语、表语、定语 All of our teachers respect us. 3、动词----谓语
The teacher let us do it again.
4、形容词----定语、表语、补语、状语 This pretty girl thinks it right. 5、副词----状语、定语
The workers here work very hard. 6、数词----主语、定语、宾语、表语 Three of them are eighteen now.
7、介词----“介词 + 宾语”在句中做定语或状语 The girl of ten came here by bike.
8、连词----连接两个或两个以上的简单句
He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music.
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2019高考英语写作之基本句型结构和词类解析精讲精练（无答案）
9、冠词----主要修饰名词 或少数形容词 A young man often helps the poor.
10、感叹词----表示喜怒哀乐，在句中加强语气 Heavens! How silly you are!
三、英语句子成分和词类的功能 英语句子中，最基本的是简单句。两个或两个以上的简单句用连词连接就成了并列句；两个或两个以上简单句组合成主从关系就成了复合句。接下来，我们以简单句为基础，分析英语句子的成分。
1、简单句分为五类
①主语 + 谓语 （不及物动词） ②主语 + 系动词 + 表语
③主语 + 谓语（及物动词） + 宾语
④主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 （补充说明宾语） ⑤主语 + 谓语 +间接宾语+ 直接宾语
从简单句的类型可知，组成句子的主要成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补足语。除此之外，还有定语、状语和同位语。
2、各种成分的定义
①主语：主语是一个句子描述的主题，位置一般在句首。 （请思考：那些词类能做主语？）
②谓语：谓语由简单动词和动词短语构成，通常位于主语之后。 简单动词----He worked hard all day today.
动词短语----Great changes have taken place in China since 1980. 此外，英语中常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词。这些动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词have, get, take, give 等。
如：I had a swim yesterday. (had a swim 代替了swam)
③表语：表语表述主语的特征、状态、身份等，谓语系动词之后，构系表结构。（请思考：哪些词类可以做表语？） 英语中，系动词包括： ⑴表“判断”----be
⑵表“变得，成为”----become, come, go, fall, get, grow, prove, turn ⑶表“保持某种状态”----hold, keep, lie, remain, rest, sit, stay ⑷表“好像”----appear, seem
⑸表“感官”----feel, sound, look, taste, smell
④宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受着，一般位于及物动词或介词之后。 （请思考：哪些词类能做宾语？）
⑤补足语：补足语是一种补充说明主语或宾语意义的句子成分。 主语补足语----He was elected chairman of the company.
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2019高考英语写作之基本句型结构和词类解析精讲精练（无答案）
宾语补足语----I found the book very interesting.
⑥定语：定语是用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词或一组词。 （请思考：那些词可以做定语？）
⑦状语：状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。副词最
常用作状语，位置比较灵活，可置于句末、句首和句中。
⑧同位语：对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与这一成分在语法
上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。
如：
⑴We have two children, a boy and a girl. ⑵They all wanted to see him. ⑶Are you two ready?
⑷The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is true. 在各种句子成分中，主语是句子的“头”，谓语是句子的“心脏”。 四、词类使用中常见的错误 Ⅰ.单句改错
1、Everybody likes beautiful.
2、With the develop of science and technology, we live better and better. 3、Don’t afraid. Your mother is beside you.
4、With time goes on, we have learned more and more.
5、There are about seven hundreds students on the sports ground. 6、Mr. Zhang very busy today. He not in the office. 7、Don’t plant trees in such a bad weather.
8、When mother came in, I seated in front of the TV set. 9、The girl often helps me, even she is very busy. 10、Class is begin, why not stand up? Ⅱ.段落练笔
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Computer is wide use in our every day life. Many people, especially young people have good knowledge of computer. Computer is more and more advance and nobody knows what computer will like in one hundred years.
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2019高考英语写作之基本句型结构和词类解析精讲精练（无答案）
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All my family enjoy sports very much, including my father and I. I’ve been fond of play badminton since I was child. Before entered senior middle school, I had taken part in many badminton match. My father is a basketball fan. In his twenty, he was one of famous basketball players in his university. Ⅲ.分析下面句子中单词的意思
1. Doctors must be patient with each patient. 2. He runs a big farm and often runs over there. 3. The children often study in study. 4. The boy runs fast, and likes fast reading.
5. She asked me to wait a while while I was in the office. 6. This isn’t my raincoat. Mine is in the mine.
7. They want to fire the firefighter because he refused to fight fire. 8. It’s wrong of you to desert the dog in the desert. 9. He has a great deal of waste paper to deal with.
10. Keep our classroom clean so that we needn’t clean it every day.
11. The concert lasted three hours at last and we found he was the last singer we
liked.
12. The boy usually doses his homework at home but he doesn’t do any housework.
第二章 句子中的谓语动词
句子中最重要的部分是谓语动词。谓语动词是句子中最关键、最核心的部分。也可以说，谓语动词是句子的“心脏”。 一、 谓语动词的分类
谓语动词分为四类：行为动词（实义动词）、系动词、助动词、情态动词。 1. 行为动词----行为动词分为及物动词和不及物动词，是最主要的谓语动词。如：study, like, clean, visit, work, rest 等。
2. 系动词----系动词不能单独使用，需要和表语一同构成系表结构做谓语。（参考 第一章“英语句子成分---表语”）。
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2019高考英语写作之基本句型结构和词类解析精讲精练（无答案）
3. 助动词----助动词也不能单独使用，在句中帮助其它动词构成疑问、否定、强调等含义。
英语助动词有：do/does, did, have/has, had, is/am/are, was/were, will/shall 等。
4. 情态动词----情态动词也只有和其他动词一起使用才能做谓语。 情态动词有：can, may, must, should, ought to 等。 在谓语动词的使用中，需要注意两点：
1. 谓语动词的时态、语态以及主谓一致要符合语境。 2. 情态动词和助动词后面只能用动词原形。
3. 在一个简单句中，有且只能有一个主谓结构，否则，这个句子就是错误的。当一个句子中出现两个或两个以上谓语动词时，这些谓语动词要么在简单句或并列句中成并列关系或者多余的谓语动词转化成非谓语动词（做修饰成分），要么在复合句中成主从关系。 二、 谓语动词使用中常犯的错误 Ⅰ、单句改错
1. Zhang Hua is often clean our classroom. 2. This pen is very nice to write. 3. She looks very angrily today.
4. You ought improve your spoken English, oughtn’t you?
5. Tom has bought a pair of sports shoes, but he not bought sportswear. 6. Though he doesn’t pass the exam, he doesn’t discourage. 7. In such bad weather nobody can able to drive very fast. 8. Mark is teaching English in our school since he came to our city. 9. The teacher taught English for 15years before he came here. 10. The police is very busy now to keep order. 11. It’s three years since we learn English.
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2019高考英语写作之基本句型结构和词类解析精讲精练（无答案）
12. These animals must be taken good care.
13. I like English very much and think is good for my future. 14. He likes read, which is interesting and will become a writer. 15. Doctor must be patience with each patient. Ⅱ.段落练笔
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The meeting begins for over ten minutes, but Manager Ma didn’t come here yet. As you know, he never late for a meeting. May be he caught in a traffic jam. I did expect him to come to the meeting as soon as possible.
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Most of Li Ming’s classmates become leaders or businessmen, but he is remained a dustman. He often said what he does also very important to others. He doesn’t discouraged. On the contrary, he always in high spirits. We should learn him and try becoming useful builders for our society.
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