高考英语 常考基本词汇讲解讲义(十三)

重点单词详解

1．collect vi. 聚集 vt. 收集；集中；采集；领取；接走 collect for 为……募集

collect from 从……领取/接走 collect up 把……归拢在一起 collection n. 收集；收藏

1)Dust ________ on the furniture overnight. 一夜之间家具上就堆积了一层厚厚的灰。

2)She likes to______stories and pictures of Dr Bethune. 她喜欢搜集白求恩大夫的故事和照片。

3)I‘ll come around _______ _______ my child within these days. 这几天我会来接走我的孩子。

4)I‘ve ordered a new car, and I can ________ it next week. 我预定了一辆新车，下星期去提。

【答案】 1)collects 2)collect 3)to collect 4)collect collect和gather用法辨析

collect 指为了某一目的而用心收集并加以仔细整理。

I tried to collect my thoughts but I was too excited. 我试图集中思想，但是我太激动了。

gather 指自发地集中在一起或把分散的东西收拢起来或从不同的方向聚集到

一起，还可指将抽象事物归拢。

A crowd gathered to see what had happened. 一群人聚拢过来看发生了什么事。

He travels about the world to gather facts about the little－known disease. 他周游世界，收集鲜为人知的疾病资料。 (1)单项填空

Little Tommy felt the suitcase, curious to know what it ________. A．collected B．contained C．loaded D．gathered 【答案与解析】 B 考查动词词义辨析。 collect “收集”； contain “包括；含有”； load “装载”； gather “聚集；收集；集合”。题意：小汤米摸着那个包裹，想知道里面装的是什么东西。 B项符合题意。 (2)名校押题

—How many ancient coins have you ________？ —About 5,000 in all.

A．gathered B．elected C．collected D. printed

【答案与解析】 C collect表示“收集”时更强调计划性与选择性，表示精心地、有选择地“收集”。

2．deserve vt. 应受；应得；值得

deserts n. 应得的惩罚；报应 deservedly adv. 应得地；理所当然地；恰如其分地 deserving adj. 应得的；值得的

1)He ________ a reward for his efforts. 他付出了努力，应该受到奖赏。 2)The team ________ ________ win. 这个队应该赢。

3)He deserved ________ ________ ________ / ________. 他应受惩罚。 【答案】 1)deserves 2)deserves to 3)to be punished / punishing / punishment (1)完成句子

Your suggestion deserves considering. ＝Your suggestion deserves ________ ________ / ________.你的建议值得考虑。

【答案】 to be considered; considering / consideration (2)名校押题

Fathers in the world deserve ________ on Father's Day.

A．honorable B．to honor C．honored D．to be honored 【答案与解析】 D deserve后接名词或代词，不能用于进行时态；如deserve后接不定式，若该动词表示主动意义，则用不定式的主动式；若该动词表示被动意义，则用不定式的被动式。 3．predict vt. 预言；预料；预报 prediction n. 预言；预测 predictable adj. 可以预测的

1)Economists are ________ a fall in interest rates. 经济学家预言利率将会下降。

2)The report ________ that more jobs would be lost in the coal industry. 那份报告预言煤炭工业将失去更多的工作岗位。

3)It is difficult to ________ what the long－term effects of the accident will be. 很难预测这次事故会有什么样的长期影响。 【答案】 1)predicting 2)predicted 3)predict predict和forecast

predict 表示从很多已知事实中或根据自然规律断定将要发生的事情，准确性较大。

forecast 表示根据现有的信息、情况预测有可能发生的事，准确性不如predict，多用于预报天气。 (1)完成句子

1)Some observers ________ that a new reform would take place in that country.

一些观察家预言，那个国家将要发生新的。

2)With weather satellites, it is easy to ________ weather now. 有了气象卫星，现在预报天气容易了。 【答案】 1)predicted 2)forecast (2)名校押题

Population experts ________ that most people will live in cities in the near future.

A．decide B．demand C．predict D．promise

【答案与解析】 C 根据题意，专家是对未来进行预测，因此要用predict。

4．desire vt. & n. 渴望；要求 esire作动词后接that引导的宾语从句时，从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，

且should可省略。

“一坚持(insist)，二命令(order，command)，三建议(advise，suggest，propose)，四要求(demand，require，request，desire)”，这类动词后面的宾语从句，以及与此类动词同词根的名词作主语时，其后的表语从句，以及作先行词时其后的定语从句、同位语从句等都用虚拟语气：should ＋动词原形，其中should可省略。

1)He ________ us to leave soon.他希望我们尽快离开。

2)He has a strong ________ ________ success.他强烈渴望成功。

3)He ________ information ________ ________ matter.他想要有关此事的信息。

【答案】 1)desired 2)desire for 3)desires；about the (1)完成句子

1)使他们所有的欲望都得到满足是不可能的。 It's impossible to________________. 2)我父母要我上一所重点大学。

My parents ________________ a key university. 3)他要是来出席会议就最理想了。

________________ that he should attend the conference. 4)要求这一规定必须引起所有成员的注意。

It is desired that __________________ of all the members.

【答案】 1) satisfy all their desires 2) desire me to enter 3) It is desirable 4) this rule (should) be brought to the attention

(2)名校押题

Sometimes, while living in a foreign country, one ________ a special dish from home.

A．wishes B．desires C．cooks D．brings 【答案与解析】 B 根据题意应该是“需要”的意思。 5．glance vi. 看一下；扫视 n. 一瞥；滑过

glance at / down / (a) round / up / over / through sth 匆匆看一眼 glance one's eyes down / over / through sth 匆匆或草草看某物一眼 take / have / cast a glance at sth 扫视某物 at first glance 乍看之下

1)I ________ ________ my watch and was surprised to find that it was nearly midnight. 我匆匆看了一下表，很吃惊地发现时间已经接近半夜了。 2)Before the end of the programme, let‘s take a ________ ________ the sports news. 在节目结束之前，让我们看一下体育新闻。 【答案】 1)glanced at 2)glance at (1)翻译句子

妈妈匆匆看了一下我的功课就出门了。

________________________________________________________________________

【答案】 Mother glanced at my homework and went out.

(2)名校押题 It was cloudy that day and people on the helicopter found it hard to

________ the missing ship.

A．spot B．search C．glance D．stare

【答案与解析】 A spot是及物动词，意为“发现”；search“搜查”；glance“瞥一眼”；stare“盯着；凝视”，且均为不及物动词。 6．devote vt. 将……奉献(给)；致力于

devote one's time / energy / life to (doing) sth 把某人的时间/精力/生命献给(做)某事

be devoted to (doing) sth 致力于/专心于(做)某事 习惯于有关似用法的短语还有 look forward to 期盼 see to负责；处理 pay attention to 注意 lead to 导致

get used / accustomed to stick to 坚持

get down to开始着手(做某事) object to反对

1)He has ________ his life ________ the revolution. 他把他的一生献给了事业。

2)He has ________ ________ ________ ________ since he graduated from the college in 1962. 1962年他大学毕业后一直献身于教育工作。

3)Her life was ________ ________ ________ for the sick and needy. 她

一生都致力于照顾贫病交迫的人。

4)Most of his spare time ________ ________ ________ the translation of those works. 他把大部分的空闲时间都用于翻译那些作品。

【答案】 1)devoted；to 2)devoted himself to teaching 3)devoted to caring 4)was devoted to (1)完成句子

1)我希望很快收到你的电子邮件。

I am ________ ________ ________ ________ your e－mail before long. 2)他们一到农场就开始植树。

They ________ ________ ________ ________ trees as soon as they got to the farm.

3)我们已经习惯了在乡下生活。

We have ________ ________ ________ ________ in the countryside. 【答案】 1) looking forward to receiving 2)got down to planting 3)been / got used to living (2)名校押题

Accustomed to ________ the steep mountains, he had no difficulty reaching the top.

A．climbing B．climb C．having climbed D．have

climbed 【答案与解析】 A be accustomed to“习惯于”，后接动词时要用－ing形式。

7．relief n. 减轻；解除；救济；宽慰；轻松 relieve vt. 解除；减轻；缓和(病、痛等) relieve sb of sth 帮某人减轻负担

1)It is ________ ________ ________ to have rain after a long time of drought. 长期的干旱之后，有雨是一大慰藉。

2)We all heaved (发出) ________ ________ ________ ________ when we heard that they were safe.当我们听说他们平安无事时，都松了一口气。 3)________ was quickly sent to the sufferers from the great fire. 救济品很快被送到遭受火灾的灾民手中。

【答案】 1)a great relief 2)a sigh of relief 3)Relief (1)完成句子

His jokes provided some ________ ________ in what was really a dull speech.

他说的笑话给极沉闷的讲话增加了几分轻松气氛。 【答案】 comic relief (2)名校押题

After reading her daughter's letter, Mrs White breathed a sigh of ________.

A．relief B．belief C．evidence D．loss

【答案与解析】 A 题意：读完女儿的来信，怀特太太宽慰地松了口气。relief “宽慰”，符合题意。

8．gifted adj. 有天赋的；有才华的

gift常指免费捐赠的物品，或亲友间互赠的礼品，也有“天赋” 的意思。have a gift for... “有……的天赋”。

1)The ________ young scientist was much in the public eye. 那位有才华的青年科学家很为人们所注意。

2)Man is the only creature that is ________ with speech. 人类是唯一被

赋予语言能力的动物。 【答案】 1)gifted 2)gifted (1)完成句子

1)This is a ________ to the museum. 这是一件赠给博物馆的礼物。 2)He has a ________ for music. 他有音乐天赋。 【答案】 1)gift 2)gift

(2)名校押题 Mrs Turner has ________ 8－year－old boy who has ________ talent for playing the piano—he has won two national prizes.

A．a; a B．an; the C．an; a D．the; a 【答案与解析】 C an 8－year－old boy“一个八岁的男孩”。eight以元音音素开头，前面应加冠词an。have a talent for “有……的天赋”。 9．accuse vt. 指控；控告；谴责

多和of 搭配使用，构成短语accuse sb of。

1)She ________ him ________ stealing her watch. 她控告他偷了她的表。 2)He ________ his boss ________ having broken his word. 他指责老板不守信用。

3)He ________ ________ ________ murder. 他被指控谋杀。 【答案】 1)accused；of 2)accused；of 3)was accused of accuse和charge用法辨析

accuse使用范围较广，可用于法律上的正式控告，也可用于一般的指责，其后接of。

charge比accuse更正式，通常指在法庭上依法控告，也可以用于指责某人违反公认的行为准则，其后接with。 (1)完成句子

1)A neighbor_______him of playing his radio too loudly. 邻居指责他把收音机音量开得太大。

2)He was ________ with murder and arson. 他被指控放火。 【答案】 1)accused 2)charged (2)名校押题

It is universally ________ that Taiwan is a part of China.

A．advised B．accused C．accessed D．Acknowledged

【答案与解析】 D 考查动词词义辨析。题意：是中国的一部分，这是大家公

认的。advice“建议”；accuse“指控； 控告；指责”；access“接近；使用”；acknowledge“承认；公认”。 重点短语详解

1．put up 举起；抬起；张贴；公布；接待；为……服务 put aside 撇开；置之不理

put away 存储；储备

put down 写下；记下；平定； put forward 提出；推荐；提名 put off 延期；推迟 put on 表演；穿上 put out 熄灭；关掉 put through 接通电话 put up with 忍受；容忍

1)They ________ ________ ________ several new office blocks in the center of town. 他们正在镇中心建造几栋新办公楼。

2)I'll just ________ your phone number ________ in my book. 我这就把你的电话号码记在我的本子里。

3)Don't ________ ________ until tomorrow what can be done today. 今日可做的事不要拖到明天。

4)Can you ________ me ________ to this number? 你能给我接通这个电话号码吗？

【答案】 1)are putting up 2)put; down 3)put off 4)put; through

(1)用put短语的适当形式填空 1)When the children were at home, we had to ________ ________ ________ a lot of noise.

2)In 24 hours the general had entirely ________ ________ the rebellion.

3)He ________ ________ a very good suggestion at the meeting. 4)________ ________ your hand if you want to ask question. 【答案】 1) put up with 2)put down 3)put forward 4)Put up (2)名校押题

As teachers and students, we need to ________ our old ideas and prejudices and learn to be more ________ in both our teaching and study.

A．put away; flexible B．put out; clever C．put down; clever D．put aside; flexible

【答案与解析】 D 考查动词词组以及形容词辨析。 put away“存储；储备”；put out “熄灭；关掉”；put down“写下；记下”；put aside“撇开；置之不理”；flexible“灵活多变的”。题意：作为老师和学生，我们要摈弃陈旧的思想和偏见，学会在教和学上变得更加灵活。

2．as long as 长达……；只要(引导条件状语从句) as far as 远达；在……范围内；据……；就…… as soon as 尽快；一……就

as well as 不但……，而且……；又；除此之外；也 as good as 几乎；实际上

1)The tunnel is ________ ________ ________ eight kilometers.那个隧道长达8千米。

2) ________ ________ ________ you work hard, I don't mind when you will finish your experiment.只要你努力去做，我不介意你什么时候完成你的实验。

3)Jack is ________ ________ ________ his master.(谚)伙计不比老板差。 4)My uncle bought me a dictionary ________ ________ ________ some English books. 我叔叔给我买了一本词典，还有一些英语书。

【答案】 1)as long as 2)As long as 3)as good as 4)as well as

(1)完成句子 1)Helen ________ ________ ________(也) I is eager to see the

performance. 2)________ ________ ________ (据) I know, he has been away for Tianjin

for a week. 3)She is clever ________ ________ ________(也) beautiful. 【答案】 1)as well as 2)As far as 3)as well as (2)名校押题

When we design a building, we should provide an entrance suitable for wheelchairs on the passage，________ lifts and toilets.

A．but B. as well C．as well as D．except for

【答案与解析】 C 考查单词以及词组辨析。题意：当我们在设计一栋大楼时，我们要在过道、电梯和厕所提供合适轮椅进入的入口。 3．turn off 关上；使对……失去兴趣；使反感

turn around / round 转回身；把……往回开 turn away 撵走；不理睬

turn down 调小(音量等)；拒绝

turn in 上交；告发； turn over 翻身；移交

turn out 生产；制造；证明是

turn up 到达；露面；开大(音量、热量等) turn on 开；吸引；使感兴趣 turn to 查阅；求助于；变成

1)Her singing may turn you on, but it ________ ________ ________ . 她的歌声也许使你喜欢听，但我却感到厌烦。

2)He________ the business ________ to his daughter. 他把生意移交给女儿管理。

3)We planned to meet at half past seven, but she never ________ ________. 我们约好在七点半见面，但她根本没有露面。

4)Hundreds of people had to be ________ ________ from the stadium. 数以百计的人被拒之体育场外。

【答案】 1)turns me off 2)turned；over 3)turned up 4)turned away (1)用turn的短语的适当形式填空

1)He asked Jane to marry him but she ________ him ________.

2)You must ________ ________ your uniform before you leave the army.3)The more depressed he got, the more he ________ ________ drink. 4)If the day ________ ________ wet, we should change our plan. 【答案】 1) turned; down 2)turn in 3)turned to 4)turns out (2)名校押题

I'm afraid this map is wrong. I can't________out where we are.

A．work B．Turn C．put D．think 【答案与解析】 A 考查动词词组辨析。 题意：恐怕这个地图有错误，我弄不清楚出我们在什么地方。work out “计算出；弄明白”； turn out “生产；制造；证明是；结果是”；put out “生产；制造；扑灭”；think out“想出来”。 4．even if 即使

even if ＝ even though “尽管”，用以引导让步状语从句。 as if ＝ as though“好像”。

only if “只要”，而if only“是要……就好了”，后面的状语从句常用虚拟语气。

1) I'll get there, ________ ________ I have to walk. 我就是走也要走到那儿。

2)________ ________ you take the first place will I give you the bike. 只要你夺取第一，我就会给你这辆自行车。

3)________ ________ I had stayed with you then. 那时我和你在一起就好了。

【答案】 1)even if 2)Only if 3)If only (1)完成句子

1)________ ________ (只要) both sides agree to cease fire will a lasting peace be possible.

2)I like her, ________ ________(尽管) she can be annoying at times. 3)He talked ________ ________(好像) he had known everything.

【答案】 1)Only if 2)even though 3)as if (2)名校押题

________ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from danger.

A．As long as B．Even if C．Just as D．As far as 【答案与解析】 B as long as “只要”；even if “即使”；just as“ 正像”；as far as “只要；据……”。 题意：即使我能看见，可能也只有一种方法远离危险。

5．carry on 继续；坚持

carry out 实施；执行；落实；贯彻；实现；完成 carry through 成功完成某事；帮助某人渡过难关 carry off 赢得某物；成功应对困难局面

1)They decided to ________ ________ in spite of the weather. 他们决定不管天气好坏都要继续下去。

2)Extensive tests have been ________ ________ on the patient. 已经对患者进行了多次试验。

3)His determination ________ him ________. 他的坚定的信心让他渡过难关。

【答案】 1)carry on 2)carried out 3)carried; through (1)用carry短语的适当形式填空

1)As a Chinese, I think we should ________ ________ the social reform. 2)Before you come to the conclusion, you had better ________ ________

investigation.

3)It's a difficult job but she is the person to ________ ________

________. 【答案】 1)carry on 2)carry out 3)carry it through (2)名校押题

Let's hope the fine weather ________ for Sunday's camping trip.

A．keeps up B．picks up C．carries on D．puts up 【答案与解析】 A 考查动词词组辨析。 keep up “坚持；继续；保持”；pick up“捡起；学到”；carry on“继续进行”；put up “建造；提出”。题意：让我们期待好天气一直持续到周日的野营。