2011年12月英语四级真题及答案详解

作文：

Nothing succeeds without a strong will

There is a prevalent joke around young people saying that ‘quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world, and I’ve done it for hundreds of times.’ This seemingly funny statement ironically reflects the fact that the determination of most youngsters is oftentimes started with enthusiasm, but the passion becomes increasingly weaker each day, and then diminishes as if there has been no such thing at all.

It is obvious that their failure in ‘quitting smoking’ and decline of determination are all ascribed to their lack of will. Initially, every success involves several stages of setbacks and risks, and we need to summon up our will to conquer them. Moreover, there are enormous temptation in our path of pursuit of success. For instance, when we plan to quit smoking, our roommates may smoke freely in front of us; when we are eager to keep fit, our close friends may invite us to have late night snacks. Under these occasions, only strong will can assist us to resist the temptation, and persist in chasing our goals until we triumphantly realize them.

In short, no dream will successfully come true if we do not have strong will. An old famous proverb says that ‘ where there is a will, there is a way’. Let us bear this motton in mind no matter how many thunders and thorns are on our roads ahead, then we will be successful with such precious and powerful spirit. [快速阅读] 快速阅读

1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______. A) sticks to them in their daily life B) makes them known to others C) understands their true values D)sees that others also follow them

选择 sticks to them in their daily life

定位在原文第一段，文中说正直(integrity)的关键是一致性(consistency)，不仅要有很多道德和伦理的准则，还要每天都坚守。

2. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships? A) It helps to create team spirit B) It facilitates communication C) It is the basis of mutual trust D) It inspires mutual respect

选择 It is the basis of mutual trust.

题干问正直在人际关系和事业关系中扮演着什么样的角色。定位回第二段，文中说“信任(trust)在任何关系中都是最根本的 (essential)，而正直正是最重要的目标之一”。

3. why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take？ A. To ensure we make responsible choices. B. To avoid being overwhelmed by stress. C. so that we don’t break any rules. D. so that we don’t run into trouble.

选择 To ensure we make responsible choices.

定位回原文第四段标红的句子，答案完全照抄原文。

4. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _______? A. it has caused no harm.

B. it is claimed to be unintentional. C. it has gone unnoticed.

D. it is committed with good intentions

选择 it is claimed to be unintentional.

定位至第四段倒数第二句，文中说“无意识的(unintentional)”并不能为这一违背(violation)道德的行为开脱。

5. What should one do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself? A. Avoid making excuses.

B. Listen to other people’s advice. C. Make his intensions public.

D. Have others watch over his shoulder.

选择 Avoid making excuses

定位回到第六段段首，watch out for excuses与本答案对应。

6. Those who take risks they regret later on _______. A. will often become more cautious B. are usually very aggressive

C. value immediate benefits most. D. may lose everything in the end

选择 value immediate benefits most

定位回到第七段二句，文章说那些人通常专注于当下的利益，与本答案对应。

7. According to the author, a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will _______. A) pay more dearly

B) become more confident C) be widely admired D) feel somewhat lucky

选择 pay more dearly

定位点在八段首，看到其他三个选项大概都会笑出来。

8、这题不好找，在倒数第三段中间

Cheaters at exam don’t care about their education, all they care about is how to steal a grade. 本空在原文的成分是表语，故steal是动名词+ing的形式，这里空前的to是动词不定式的标志，因此steal要改为原型，未改写者不得分。

9、倒数二段首句中\"rely on\"处

Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people’s honesty and good faith. 10、倒数第二段中间处

Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of Watergate. 本次快速阅读选择题整体难度偏易，填空题偏难，话题幽默讽刺，意在告诉大家要做一个正直的人，考试不能作弊。 [听力]

听力【听力音频 听力原文】 短对话答案： 11.

W: This crazy bus schedule has got me completely confused. I can’t figure out when my bus to Cleveland leaves?

M: Why don’t you just go to the ticket window and ask? Q: What does the man suggest the woman do? B) Go and ask the staff. 12.

W: I really enjoyed the TV special about drafts last night. Did you get home in time to see it?

W: Oh, yes, but I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing. Q: What does the man mean?

A) He fell asleep in the middle of the TV program. 13.

W: Airport, please. I’m running a little late. So just take the fastest way even if it’s not the most direct.

M: Sure, but there is a lot of traffic everywhere today because of the football game.

Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation? B) She is worried about missing her flight. 14.

W: May I make a recommendation, sir? Our seafood with this special sauce is very good. M: Thank you, but I don’t eat shellfish. I’m allergic to it. Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place? A) In a restaurant 15.

W: Now one more question if you don’t mind, what position in the company appeals to you most?

M: Well, I’d like the position of sales manager if that position is still vacant. Q: What do we learn about the man? A) He is being interviewed for a job. 16.

M: I don’t think I want to live in the dormitory next year. I need more privacy. W: I know what you mean. But check out the cost if renting an apartment first. I won’t be surprised if you change your mind. Q: What does the woman imply?

B) The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory. 17.

M: You’re on the right track. I just think you need to narrow the topic down. W: Yeah, you’re right. I always start by choosing two boarder topics when I’m doing a research paper.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

D) The woman is going to make her topic more focused.

18.

W: This picnic should beat the last one we went to, doesn’t it?

M: Oh, yeah, we had to spend the whole time inside. Good thing, the weather was cooperative this time.

Q: What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation? 长对话：

19. B)He prefershot weather to cold weather。 20. B)The coldhouses。 21. C)Depressing。

22. B)They work hard and play hard。 23. B)French

24. C)Careersguidance。 25. A)Itspleasant environment。 Passage 1

26. C) The art of Japanese brush painting 27. B) To enhance concentration。

28. A) How listeners in different cultures showrespect Passage 2

29. B) Buying and maintain equipment。 30. D) Two of his employees committed theft。 31. B) Advancement to a higher position。

32. D) She is competing with Chris for the newjob。 Passage 3

33. A)They helpus see the important values of a culture。

34 B) The values they reflect may change。

35. What do we learn from the study of proverbs from around the world? Section C

Compound Dictation

Our lives are woven together. As much as I enjoy my own（36）company, I no longer imagine I can get through a （37）single day much less all my life，（38）completely on my own. Even if I am on（39） vacation in the mountains, I am eating food someone else has grown, living in a house someone else has built, wearing clothes someone else has（40） sewn from cloth woven by others, using （41）electricity someone else is distributing to my house. （42）Evidence of interdependence is everywhere; we are on this （43）journey together.

As I was growing up,（44） I remember being carefully taught that independence not interdependence was everything. “Make your own way”,” Stand on your own two feet” or my mother’s favorite remark when I was face-to-face with consequences of some action: Now that you’ve made your bed, lie on it.

Total independence is a dominant thing in our culture. I imagine that （45）what my parents were trying to teach me was to take responsibilities for my actions and my choices. But the teaching was shaped by our cultural imagines. And instead, I grew up believing that I was supposed to be totally independent and consequently became very reluctant to ask for help.

（47）I would do almost anything not to be a burden, and not require any help from anybody. [仔细阅读] 选词填空

首先将15个备选词标上词性：

A. stable (a.) I. exactly (ad.) B. solutions (n.) J. consist (v.) C. significant (a.) K. comprise (v.) D. role (n.) L. competitions (n.) E. progress (n.) M. combined (v.) F. marvelous (a.) N. challenges (n.) G. included (v.) O. certainly (a.) H. growth (n.)

47、根据this确定此空必然填一单数名词，15词中D/E/H备选，E/H相似，其中必有一个答案，前文所说人口、能源消耗等，均只能用“增长”来指代，而不能说是进步；故选择H.growth，根据相似原则，E和H可以一起划去。

48、本空与后面的sustainable并列，于是需要填一个形容词，与“可持续”的意象相近的选项为A.stable（稳定的）。

49、本空前面为形容词major, 于是这里需要填入名词，之前还有one of，于是填入复数名词，在N与B中选。本句主语是“找寻”某资源，所以这被概括为一种挑战更为恰当，因此选择N.challenges。

50、本空所在句不缺任何成分，并且其还出现在被动语态be动词和实义动词之间，所以必然填入副词，I和O中O.certainly更为符合。

51、空前a growing表明此处填名词，再往前看有个动词play，因此填入D.role构成习语play a role

52、所在半句中除了when只有一个空，所以这空必然是非谓语动词作状语，选择

M.combined，表示“即使当所有资源结合被使用时，这些替代资源也只能解决人类在2050年对能源需求的30%。”

53、空后Investments为名词，此处填入形容词，剩下形容词中只有C.significant可表示可观的、大量的，形容投资非常多。F项与其含义接近，根据相似原则，也可以一并划除。

54、本空出现在名词development之后，整句在such as所引导的例子里，本应为一整个名词性结构，而其后又有专有名词ARRA，于是此处应填入非谓语动词作development的后置定语，剩下词中只有G.included这一个。

55、空后有明显语言标志1%，因此这里应该选择表示组成、构成、占有的K.comprise, 根据相似原则，J也可以排除。

56、此处在a lot of之后，因此填入复数名词，整句意为“能源与可持续专家认为，日后能源需求的解决可能将来自于许多传统和替代的_______。”还剩下“解决方式”和“竞争”两个选项；B.solutions更符合语义。

仔细阅读

57. The author believes that a single-sex school would _____. A. force boys to hide their emotions to be “real men” B. help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boys C. encourage boys to express their emotions more freely D. naturally reinforce in boys the traditional image of a man

选择 encourage boys to express their emotions more freely

题目问男生学校可以怎样，原文前三段基本都在叙述男校对男生艺术情操方面的发展有着更好的促进作用。

58. It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys _____. A. perform relatively better

B. grow up more healthily C. behave more responsibly D. receive a better education

选择 perform relatively better

本题较难，题干问通常大家都认为在男女同校的学校中男生都怎样。

原文四段末句中received wisdom表示常识或者被多数人所接受的观点，于是后面的部分是本题的出题点。

59. What does Tony Little say about the British education system? A. It fails more boys than girls academically. B. It focuses more on mixed school education. C. It fails to give boys the attention they need. D. It places more pressure on boys than on girls.

选择 it fails to give boys the attention they need

原文红字处说这些都更关心女生，取反之后意为这些都没那么关心男生，于是与此选项对应。

60. According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is _____. A. teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys B. boys can focus on their lessons without being distracted C. boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested in D. teaching can be designed to promote boys’ team spirit

选择 teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys

原文红字说在男校里，老师可以\"根据男生的学习风格量身定制(tailor)课程\"

61. Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail James’ report?

A. They enjoy being in charge. B. They conform to stereotypes. C. They have sharper vision.

D. They are violent and sexist.

选择 they conform to stereotype

文章最后两段都是在总结人们对男生的一般印象以及男校如何避免一些问题的出现，James的实验提及许多男生都正遵循着老套的路线发展，即本选项的同义改写；其余选项均是例举中的具体内容，包含于此答案。

62. What does the author say about vacationing? A. People enjoy it all the more during a recession. B. Few people can afford it without working hard. C. It makes all the hard work worthwhile. D. It is the chief cause of family disputes.

选择 It makes all the hard work worthwhile.

对应原文首段中作者评论句:\"I say you only live once and we work hard and what's the point if you can't go on holiday.\"

63. What does the author mean by saying “money is known„to bring a relationship to its knees”?

A. Money is considered to be the root of all evils. B. Some people sacrifice their dignity for money. C. Few people can resist the temptation of money. D. Disputes over money may ruin a relationship.

选择 Disputes over money may ruin a relationship.

对应原文的句子字面意思为\"金钱是最有可能让一段关系下跪的东西之一\"，全段又在说关于金钱的讨论对两人间关系的影响，可见应该选择此答案。

. The YouGov poll of 2,000 people indicates that in a recession _____. A. conflicts between couples tend to rise B. it is more expensive for couples to split up C. couples show more concern for each other D. divorce and separation rates increase

选择 Conflicts between couples tend to rise.

对应原文二段中实验结果:\"...found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners...\"

65. What dose Kim Stephenson believe?

A. Money is often a symbol of a person’s status. B. Money means a great deal to both men and women. C. Men and women spend money on different things. D. Men and women view money in different ways.

选择 Men andwomen view money in different ways. 对应四段首句:'KS, ..., believes money is such a big deal because of what it symbolises, which make be different things to men and women.\"

66. The author suggests at the end of the passage that couples should _____. A. put their money together instead of keeping it separately B. make efforts to reach agreement on their family budgets C. discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship D. avoid arguing about money matters to remain romantic

选择 discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship

对应原文最后一句:'In a healthy relationship, you don't have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it.\" [完型]

完形部分真题原文《Skills Shortage is Getting Worse, Bosses Warn》

Employers fear they will be unable recruit students with the skills they need as the economic recovery kicks in, a new survey 67.reveals.

Nearly half of organisations told researchers they were already struggling to find 68.staff with skills in science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM), 69.while even more companies expect to experience 70.shortages of employees with Stem skills in the next three years.

The Confederation of British Industry and the vocational qualifications body EDI 71.surveyed 694 organisations across the public and 72.private sectors, which together employ 2.4 million people.

Half are 73.concerned they will not be able to fill graduate posts in the coming years, while a third said they would not be able to 74.recruit enough employees with the right A-level skills.

\"75.As we move further into recovery and businesses plan 76.for growth, the demand for people with high-quality skills and qualifications will 77.intensify,\" said Richard Lambert, director general, CBI.

\"In the future, people with qualifications in science and maths will be particularly sought after, and firms say it is already hard to find people with the right 78.technical or engineering skills. The new government must make it a top 79.priorityto encourage more young people to study science-related 80.subjects.\"

The survey found that young people would improve their job prospects 81.if they studied business studies, maths, English and physics or chemistry at A-level. The A-levels that employers 82.rate least are psychology and sociology. And while many employers don't insist on a 83.particular degree subject, a third prefer to hire those with a Stem-related subject.

The research 84.highlighted worries about the lack of progress in improving basic skills in the UK 85.workforce. Half of employers expressed worries about employees' basic literacy and numeracy skills, while the biggest problem is with IT skills, 86.where two-thirds reported concerns.

[翻译] 翻译

87.Charity groups organized various activities to (为地震幸存者筹款)

答案：raise money for (people who survived the earthquake/ the survivors in the earthquake )

解析：

考点一：organize sth / sb to do sth 这里的to是连接不定式做宾语补足语因此应该注意动词要用原形 很多学生会误以为to 是介词而在此处误用了动名词形式。

考点二：筹集善款一词此处最好用raise money ；raise 一词为常考高频词汇除了募捐善款外还曾考过这几个含义：抚养 ； 举起

考点三：“幸免者”即可用survivors in the earthquake，也可用定语从句people who survived （from）the earthquake

注意：这里的survive 可接from也可以不接

88．Linda (不可能收到我的电子邮件); otherwise, she would have replied. 答案：couldn’t have received my e-mail 解析：

常考考点：虚拟语气中的一种固定考法： 对于过去事情作出的推断的表达方式： 1若是十分肯定的用must have done 2若是一般肯定的用might have done 3若是否定的推断用couldn’t have done

此处是属于第三种 而题干中“不可能收到”是关键解题点

.It's my mother (一直在鼓励我不要灰心) when I have difficulties in my studies. 答案：who always encourages me not to lose heart / give up /dismay 解析：

常见考点一：强调句 it is 。。。。that /who

检验句子是否正确的方法：将it is 。。。。that /who 去掉后便是原始的陈述句： 以该句为例

强调句：It's my mother who always encourages me not to lose heart / give up /dismay when I have difficulties in my studies.

原始句：My mother always encourages me not to lose heart / give up /dismay when I have difficulties in my studies.

考点二鼓励某人做某事：encourage sb to do sth 否定心态为encourage sb not to do sth 考点三 灰心 dismay / give up / lose heart

90.The publishing house has to (考虑这部小说的受欢迎程度).

答案：take the popularity of the fiction / novel into consideration /account 考点：固定搭配 考虑。。 take 。。into consideration / account 91.It is absolutely wrong to (仅仅以金钱来定义幸福). 答案：

1 define one’s happiness only by how much money he has /money 2 measure one’s happiness only by money / how much money one has .

考点：定义。。 define 当然如果根据其句子含义翻译其 “定义”一词也可译成衡量measures 此处显示了翻译的灵活性 ，在考场上若记不起定义 define 一词 最好要灵活的使用熟悉的measure A by B 这个短语来替换