Passage1(Unit1,BookI:Love.Shortstory.Family.Love)
After21yearsofmarriage,mywifewantedmetotakeanotherwomanouttodinnerandamovie.Shesaid,\"Iloveyou,butIknowthisotherwomanlovesyoutoo,andshewouldlovetospendsometimewithyou.\"
TheotherwomanthatmywifewantedmetovisitwasmyMOTHER,whohasbeenawidowfor19years,butthedemandsofmyworkandmythreechildrenhadmadeitpossibletovisitheronlyoccasionally.ThatnightIcalledtoinvitehertogooutfordinnerandamovie.\"What'swrong,areyouwell?\"sheasked.Mymotheristhetypeofwomanwhosuspectsthatalatenightcallorasurpriseinvitationisasignofbadnews.
\"Ithoughtthatitwouldbepleasanttospendsometimewithyou,\"Iresponded.\"Justthetwoofus.\"Shethoughtaboutitforamoment,andthensaid,\"Iwouldlikethatverymuch.\"
ThatFridayafterwork,asIdroveovertopickherup,Iwasabitnervous.WhenIarrivedatherhouse,Inoticedthatshe,too,seemedtobenervousaboutourdate.Shewaitedinthedoorwithhercoaton.Shehadcurledherhairandwaswearingthedressthatshehadworntocelebrateherlastweddinganniversary.Shesmiledfromafacethatwasasradiantasanangel's.\"ItoldmyfriendsthatIwasgoingtogooutwithmyson,andtheywereimpressed,\"shesaid,asshegotinto?thecar.?\"Theycan'twaittohearaboutourmeeting.\" Wewenttoarestaurantthat,althoughnotelegant,wasveryniceandcozy.MymothertookmyarmasifsheweretheFirstLady.Afterwesatdown,Ihadtoreadthemenu.Hereyescouldonlyreadlargeprint.Halfwaythroughtheentries,IliftedmyeyesandsawMomsittingtherestaringatme.Anostalgicsmilewasonherlips. \"ItwasIwhousedtohavetoreadthemenuwhenyouweresmall,\"shesaid. \"Thenit'stimethatyourelaxandletmereturnthefavor,\"Iresponded. Duringthedinner,wehadanagreeableconversation-nothingextraordinarybutcatchinguponrecenteventsofeachother'slife.Wetalkedsomuchthatwemissedthemovie. Aswearrivedatherhouselater,shesaid,\"I'llgooutwithyouagain,butonlyifyouletmeinviteyou.\"Iagreed. \"Howwasyourdinnerdate?\"askedmywifewhenIgothome. \"Verynice.MuchmoresothanIcouldhaveimagined,\"Ianswered. Afewdayslater,mymotherdiedofamassiveheart?attack.IthappenedsosuddenlythatIdidn'thaveachancetodo?anythingforher.Sometimelater,IreceivedanenvelopewithacopyofarestaurantreceiptfromthesameplacemotherandIhaddined.Anattachednotesaid:\"Ipaidthisbillinadvance.Iwasn'tsurethatIcouldbethere;butnevertheless,Ipaidfortwoplates-oneforyouandtheotherforyourwife.Youwillneverknowwhatthatnightmeantforme.Iloveyou,son.\" Atthatmoment,Iunderstoodtheimportanceofsayingintime:\"ILOVEYOU\"andtogiveourlovedonesthetime?thattheydeserve.Nothinginlifeismoreimportantthanyourfamily.Givethemthetimetheydeserve,becausethesethingscannotbeputofftill\"someothertime\". 1.Whenthemotherhearditwastheson’scall,shewas__________. A.worried B.surprised C.suspicious D.puzzled 2.Themother’sfriendsweremostimpressedby__________. A.thememorabledatebetweenthemotherandtheson B.themother’srealizationofherlong-awaiteddream C.theson’sloveforhismother D.themother’sprideinherson
3.Whenthemothertooktheauthor’sarmintotherestaurant,she__________.
A.lookedliketheFirstLady B.wastreatedliketheFirstLady C.wasasimportantastheFirstLady D.feltasproudasbeingtheFirstLady
4.Whatdidthemothermainlytalkabouttotheauthorduringthedinner?
-来源网络,仅供个人学习参考
A.Herlifeaftertheauthor’smarriage. B.Herlifesincetheauthor’slastvisit. C.Hermemoryabouttheauthorasachild. D.Herexpectationaboutfuturereunions.
5.Themotherinsistedoninvitingtheauthortodinnerbecause__________.
A.shewasgoingtodiesoon B.shewantedtoshowherlove C.shedidnotexpecttheheartattack D.sheintendedtothankhimandhiswife
6.Thepassageintendstoteachushowtocherish__________.
A.ourparents B.love C.ourfamily D.life Passage2(Unit2,BookI:LittlehouseintheBigWoods.Autobiography) IstartfrommyhomeinthequietlittlesuburbofForestHills,LongIsland.Here,surroundedbygreenlawns,trees,andflowers,areneatlittlehouses,happywiththevoicesandmovementsofwivesandchildren,havensofpeacefulrestformenwhotoilinthecity.IdriveacrossthelacystructureofsteelwhichspanstheEastRiver,andIgetanewandstartlingvisionofthepowerandingenuityofthemindofman.Busyboastschugandscurryabouttheriver-racyspeedboat,stolid,snortingtugs.IfIhadlongdaysofsightahead,Ishouldspendmanyofthemwatchingthedelightfulactivityupontheriver. Ilookahead,andbeforemerisethefantastictowersofNewYork,acitythatseemstohavesteppedfromthepagesofafairystory.Whatanawe-inspiringsight,theseglitteringspires.Thesevastbanksofstoneandsteel-structuressuchasthegodsmightbuildforthemselves!Thisanimatedpictureisapartofthelivesofmillionsofpeopleeveryday.Howmany,Iwonder,giveitsomuchasasecond’sglance?Veryfew,Ifear,theireyesareblindtothismagnificentsightbecauseitissofamiliartothem. Ihurrytothetopofoneofthosegiganticstructures,theEmpireStateBuilding,forthere,ashorttimeago,I\"saw\"thecitybelowthroughtheeyesofmysecretary.Iamanxioustocomparemyfancywithreality.IamsureIshouldnotbedisappointedinthepanoramaspreadoutbeforeme,fortomeitwouldbeavisionofanotherworld. NowIbeginmyroundsofthecity.First,Istandatabusycorner,merelylookingatpeople,tryingbysightofthemtounderstandsomethingoftheirlife.Iseesmiles,andIamhappy.Iseeseriousdetermination,andIamproud,Iseesuffering,andIamcompassionate. IstrolldownFifthAvenue.Ithrowmyeyesoutoffocus,sothatIseenoparticularobjectbutonlyaseethingkaleidoscopeofcolors.Iamcertainthatthecolorsofwomen'sdressesmovinginathrongmustbeagorgeousspectacleofwhichIshouldnevertire.ButperhapsifIhadsightIshouldbelikemostotherwomen--toointerestedinstylesandthecutofindividualdressestogivemuchattentiontothesplendorofcolorinthemass.AndIamconvinced,too,thatIshouldbecomeaninveteratewindowshopper,foritmustbeadelighttotheeyetoviewthemyriadarticlesofbeautyondisplay. FromFifthAvenueImakeatourofthecity-toParkAvenue,totheslums,tofactories,toparkswherechildrenplay.Itakeastay-at-hometripabroadbyvisitingtheforeignquarters.AlwaysmyeyesareopenwidetoallthesightsofbothhappinessandmiserysothatImayprobedeepandaddtomyunderstandingofhowpeopleworkandlive.Myheartisfulloftheimagesofpeopleandthings.Myeyepasseslightlyovernosingletrifle;itstrivestotouchandholdcloselyeachthingitsgazerestsupon.Somesightsarepleasant,fillingtheheartwithhappiness;butsomearemiserablypathetic.TotheselatterIdonotshutmyeyes,forthey,too,arepartoflife.Toclosetheeyeonthemistoclosetheheartandmind.
Mythirddayofsightisdrawingtoanend.PerhapstherearemanyseriouspursuitstowhichIshoulddevotethefewremaininghours,butIamafraidthatontheeveningofthatlastdayIshouldagainrunawaytothetheater,toahilariouslyfunnyplay,sothatImightappreciatetheovertonesofcomedyinthehumanspirit.
1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theauthorisamazedatseeing__________.
A.thehouses B.thebridge -来源网络,仅供个人学习参考
C.theboats D.theriver
2.TheauthormostprobablythinksthattheNewYorkersare__________the“glitteringspires”.
A.scornfulof
B.overwhelmedby C.indifferentto
D.knowledgeableabout
3.Whentheauthorseesthepassers-by,shewouldliketo__________.
A.sharetheiremotions B.showsympathytothem C.enjoythesamelifestyles D.perceivetheirbosomfeelings 4.Whentheauthorobservesawoman’sdress,shepaysmostattentionto__________. A.itsdesignerandbrand B.itsstyleandcutting C.itscolor D.itsprice 5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsherpresentlife? A.Shewantstotreatitlikeacomedy. B.Shewantstochangeherlifestyle. C.Sheenjoysherblindness. D.Sheisappreciativeoflife. Passage3(Unit3,BookI:YoungShakespeare.Biography) Everypersonplanstorunofftosometropicalisle,butfewdo.Reallife,family,work,andmonetarylimitationsgetintheway.IanFlemingletnoneoftheseconsiderationsstophim. Afterthewar,Flemingsetdownhisschedule.ThefirstweekofJanuarysawhimleaveEnglandandtraveltoJamaica.ThefirstweekofMarchsawhisreturn.HeacceptedhisjobatKemsleynewspaperswithoutcompromise--thisportionoftheyearwouldbesetasideforJamaicaorhewouldlookelsewhereforemployment. For6yearsFlemingtraveledeachwintertoJamaica,lounginginparadise,romancingwomen,chasingthesunset,butitwasnotuntilhefacedthepressureofamarriedwomanwhowaspregnantwithhischilddidFlemingstartthewriter'sjourneywhichwouldchangehislifeandpopularcultureforever.AsFlemingwaitedinJamaicaforAnne'sdivorcetobecomefinal,hewrotethefirstdraftofanovel,CasinoRoyale. Fleming'scareerasawriterdeservesmoreexaminationthancanbeofferedhere,butsufficeittosay,overthenext12years,IanFlemingtransformedhiseliteexistence,hisarrogance,hisstyle,andhisacidwitintosomeofthegreatestthrillerseverwritten.FlemingincurredtherespectofauthorsasdiverseasRaymondChandler,KingsleyAmis,andEdithSitwell.HisfansincludedJohn,Jackie,andBobbyKennedy,andhissocialcircleincludedPrimeMinisterAnthonyEden,EvelynWaugh,andSomersetMaugham. Flemingfilledoutthe12yearsofBondwithgreatadventurejournalism.Eveninstorieswhichhadlittleactionorpayoff,suchashisshortnon-fictionbook,TheDiamondSmugglers,the\"Fleming-flair\"ensuredexcitingreading.Hewrotethe\"Atticus\"columnfortheSundayTimes,provingawonderfulconduitforinsideintelligenceinformation,andcleverrebukes.
Regardlessofbooksalesorfamilyobligations,Flemingmanagedtolivethelifehewanted.Astheyearspassed,hispassionforgolfingincreasedsohetookmoretimewithit.Fleming'slong-termfascinationwithAmericagrew,sohetraveledtheremoreoften.
IanFleming'sfulllifecaughtupwithhimthroughhisheart.Itmaybethatyearsofdrinkingandsmokingtooktheirtoll,orthatthebutter-richcookingFleminglovedwastheculprit.Ormaybeitwasjustgenetics.Whateverthecause,Fleming'shealthdeclinedinthelate1950s.ThisplusanxietiesinthemarriageincreasedFleming'sdepression.WiththesuccessofBond,theworldcameknockingatFleming'sdoor,andhehadahardertimeshuttingthoseoutthathedidnotwantinhislife.
Nonetheless,Flemingfoughttheloosingbattleofhisweakeningheartbythrowingmorefuelonthefire.Hecontinuedtodrinka-来源网络,仅供个人学习参考
ndsmoke,makingsomeexcusesbutnotmany.Hewrotebookshewantedtoread,andtraveledtheworldwithstyleandauthority.Bythistime,Fleminghadalreadyearnedhisownfortune,createdhisownidentity,andruledhisownliteraryempire. 1.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,FlemingacceptedthejobofferedbyKemsleynewspaper__________.
A.andhadtogiveuphisyearlyholidayplantoJamaica B.becausehewasofferedtoworkinJamaicaeverywinter C.sothathewouldn’thavetolookforemploymentelsewhere D.onconditionthathetooktwomonthsofftoJamaicaeveryyear 2.Whenhebeganwriting,Flemingneverexpectedthat__________.
A.hewouldchangepopularculture B.hecouldgetoverthepressure C.Annewouldhaveadivorce D.Annewouldkeephischild 3.Fleming’sthrillersreflectedhis__________. A.senseforpopularculture B.relationshipwithAnne C.ownpersonalities D.lifeatJamaica 4.Thefactthat“Flemingfilledoutthe12yearsofBondwithgreatadventurejournalism”showsthat__________. A.FlemingtookupjournalismwhenhefinishedBond’sadventures B.FlemingputBondthroughmanythrillingadventures C.FlemingdescribedBondasanadventurousjournalist D.FlemingexperiencedBond’sadventureswhenhewasajournalist 5.Accordingtothepassage,Flemingdiedof__________. A.anunidentifiedreason B.adiseaseoftheheart C.anunknownfamilydisease D.overdrinkingandsmoking Passage4(Unit4,BookI:MigratoryBirdsandCoffee.Informational.Biology) Scrubjayscantrickyou,researcherssay.Monkeyskickthemselvesformistakesinjudgment.Andatleastoneparrotfiguredoutsomethingclosetothemathematicalconceptofzero.Instudyafterstudyoverthepastdecade,they'veshownabilitiespreviouslythoughttoexistonlyinhumans. Takethescrubjays.Afewyearsago,CambridgeUniversityprofessorNickyClayton,PhD,foundthatthesebirdscanbesurprisinglycunning,rememberingnotonlywhatfoodsthey'vehiddenbutwhere,howlongago,andwhetheranyoneelsemighthavenoticed.\"Ifanotherbirdwaswatching,they'dwaituntilthatbirdwasgoneandthenmovethefood,\"Claytonsays. Evenmoreinteresting,notalljaysprotectedtheirfoodthatway-onlythosethathadpreviouslyraidedotherbirds'stores.\"Ittakesathieftoknowathief,\"saysClayton. Anotherrecentexperimenthintsthatmonkeysexperienceregretwhentheymakethewrongchoice:Researcherssaybrainscanssuggesttheanimalswerehaving\"could’ve,would’ve,should’ve\"thoughts.
\"Iknewmonkeysweresmart,butIdidn'tthinktheywerethatsmart,\"saysMichaelPlatt,PhD,theDukeUniversityneurobiologistwholedthestudy.
ButperhapsnoanimalhasdonemoretochallengeconventionalnotionsthanAlex,anAfricangrayparrot,a30-yearresearchsubjectforscientistIrenePepperberg,PhD.Hewasconstantlybeingtested;whenhewastiredofit,hewouldtellPepperberg,\"Wannagoback\"-tohiscage.Iftherequestannoyedher,Alexwouldsay,\"Sorry.\"Oneafternoon,heshowedanapparentgraspofsomethingonlyhumansandafewapeshadbeenknowntounderstand:thenotionofzero.
Pepperberghadatrayofdifferent-coloredballs;shewantedAlextocounteachgroup.Usingtheirshorthand,sheasked,\"Whatcolorsix?Whatcolortwo?\"Bored,Alexthrewtheballsonthefloorinstead.Then,finally,hesaid,\"Five.\"Andrepeatedit:\"Five.Five-来源网络,仅供个人学习参考
.\"Therewerenofiveofanythingonthetray.SoPepperbergasked,\"Okay,smarty,whatcolorfive?\"
Alexsaid,\"None.\"
Notonlyhadthebirdfiguredoutanabstractmathematicalconcept,hehadmanipulatedPepperbergintoaskingthequestionsohecouldproveit.\"Inearlydroppedthetray,\"shesays.
1. Whichofthefollowingkindsofscrubjaysare“surprisinglycunning”?
A. Thosethatwerestolenoftheirfood. B. Thosethatlearnedfromparentstosteal. C. Thosethatstoleotherbirdsoftheirfood. D. Thosethatobservedotherbirdssteal.
2. The\"could’ve,would’ve,should’ve\"thoughtsindicatethatmonkeyscould__________.
A. feelregretful B. feelangry C. beconscientious D. beobjective 3. TheauthorthinksthatitismostbeyondimaginationthatAlexcould__________. A. understandnumbers B. interactwithhumans C. showvariousemotions D. grasptheconceptofzero 4. AlexmanipulatedPepperbergintoaskingthequestion“whatcolorfive?”by__________. A. mentioningthenumber“five” B. disregardingtheresearcher’squestion C. showingboredomaboutconstanttests D. throwingtheballsonthefloor 5. Whichparagraphbestsumsupthemainideaofthepassage? A. Paragraph1. B. Paragraph2. C. Paragraph4. D. Paragraph6. Passage5(Unit5,BookI:Cheating.Shortstory.Growingup.Schooling) Istartedforschoolverylatethatmorningandwasingreatdreadofascolding,especiallybecauseMr.Hamelhadsaidthathewouldquestionusonparticiples,andIdidnotknowthefirstwordaboutthem.ForamomentIthoughtofrunningawayandspendingthedayoutofdoors.Itwassowarm,sobright!Thebirdswerechirpingattheedgeofthewoods;andintheopenfieldbackofthesawmill,thePrussiansoldiersweredrilling.Itwasallmuchmoretemptingthantheruleforparticiples,butIhadthestrengthtoresist,andhurriedofftoschool.
WhenIpassedthetownhalltherewasacrowdinfrontofthebulletin-board.Forthelasttwoyearsallourbadnewshadcomefromthere—thelostbattles,thedraft,theordersofthecommandingofficer—andIthoughttomyself,withoutstopping:“Whatcanbethematternow?”
Then,asIhurriedbyasfastasIcouldgo,theblacksmith,Wachter,whowasthere,withhisapprentice,readingthebulletin,calledafterme:“Don’tgosofast,boy;you’llgettoyourschoolinplentyoftime!”
Ithoughthewasmakingfunofme,andreachedMr.Hamel’slittlegardenalloutofbreath.
Usually,whenschoolbegan,therewasagreatbustle,whichcouldbeheardoutinthestreet,theopeningandclosingofdesks,lessonsrepeatedinunison,veryloud,withourhandsoverourearstounderstandbetter,andtheteacher’sgreatrulerrappingonthetable.Butnowitwasallsostill!Ihadcountedonthecommotiontogettomydeskwithoutbeingseen;but,ofcourse,thatdayeverythinghadtobeasquietasSundaymorning.ThroughthewindowIsawmyclassmates,alreadyintheirplaces,andMr.Hamelwalkingupanddownwithhisterribleironrulerunderhisarm.Ihadtoopenthedoorandgoinbeforeeverybody.YoucanimaginehowIblushedandhowfrig-来源网络,仅供个人学习参考
htenedIwas.
Butnothinghappened.Mr.Hamelsawmeandsaidverykindly:“Gotoyourplacequickly,littleFranz.Wewerebeginningwithoutyou.”
Ijumpedoverthebenchandsatdownatmydesk.Nottillthen,whenIhadgotalittleovermyfright,didIseethatourteacherhadonhisbeautifulgreencoat,hisfrilledshirt,andthelittleblacksilkcap,allembroidered,thatheneverworeexceptoninspectionandprizedays.Besides,thewholeschoolseemedsostrangeandsolemn.Butthethingthatsurprisedmemostwastosee,onthebackbenchesthatwerealwaysempty,thevillagepeoplesittingquietlylikeourselves;oldHauser,withhisthree-corneredhat,theformermayor,theformerpostmaster,andseveralothersbesides.Everybodylookedsad;andHauserhadbroughtanoldprimer,tornattheedges,andhehelditopenonhiskneeswithhisgreatspectacleslyingacrossthepages.
WhileIwaswonderingaboutitall,Mr.Hamelmountedhischair,and,inthesamegraveandgentletonewhichhehadusedtome,said:“Mychildren,thisisthelastlessonIshallgiveyou.TheorderhascomefromBerlintoteachonlyGermanintheschoolsofAlsaceandLorraine.Thenewmastercomestomorrow.ThisisyourlastFrenchlesson.Iwantyoutobeveryattentive.” 1.Theauthorwasafraidoftheparticlequizbecause__________. A.hewasn’tinterestedinlearningparticlesatall B.hewasabsentfromthefirstlessononparticles C.hedidn’tknowanyparticlestheteacherhadtaught D.heforgotthefirstfewparticlestheteacherhadtaught 2.Onthebulletin-board,“thedraft”wasmostprobablymeantto__________. A.enlistmoresoldierstoservethearmy B.imposemoretaxesonthetownspeople C.announceaneffectivebattleplan D.withdrawtroopsfromthefrontline 3.Inordertogetintotheclassroomwithoutbeingnotice,theauthorusedto__________. A.slipinfromthebackdoor B.takeadvantageofthenoiseandbustle C.waituntiltheteacherturnedhisback D.sneakinduringthebreak 4.Theauthordidn’tfeelthestrangeatmosphereuntil__________. A.heheardtheblacksmithcallingafterhim B.hehearditwouldbethelastFrenchlesson C.hesawthevillagepeopleonthebackbenches D.hesawMr.Hamelonhismostbeautifulclothes 5.WhatdoweknowaboutoldHauser? A.Hecametoinspecttheschool. B.Hewasarespectablevillager. C.Hehadanoldtextbookwithhim. D.Hecamefortheschoolopenday.
Passage6(Unit6,BookI:Fool’sParadise.Fable)
InthesouthofSpain,therewasasmallvillagewhosepeoplewereveryjoyfulandlucky.Thechildrenplayedundertheshadeoftreesinthegardensoftheirhome.AshepherdboywhosenamewasNasir,stayednearthevillagewithhisfather,motherandgrandmother.Earlymorningeachday,hetakeshisherdofgoatsupthehillstofindasuitableplaceforthemtograze.Intheafternoonhewouldreturnwiththemtothevillage.Atnighthisgrandmotherwouldtellhimastory.Asusual,ononeofthesedays,asNasirwaswatchinghisherdandplayinghisflutehesuddenlysawawonderfullightbehindtheflowerbush.Whenhecametowardsthebrancheshesawatransparentandmostbeautifulcrystalball.
Thecrystalballwasglitteringlikeacolorfulrainbow.Nasircarefullytookitinhishandandturneditaround.Withsurprisesuddenlyheheardaweakvoicecomingfromthecrystalball.Itsaid;\"YoucanmakeawishthatyourheartdesiresandIwillfulfillit.\"Nasirco-来源网络,仅供个人学习参考
uldnotbelievethathehadactuallyheardavoice.Buthebecamesoengrossedinhisthoughtsforhehadsomanywishesbuthemustwishforsomethingwhichwasimpossiblelikethewishtobeabletofly.Hesaidtohimself,ifIwaittilltomorrowIwillremembermanythings.Heputthecrystalballinabagandgatheredtheherd,happilyreturnedbacktothevillage.Hedecidedthathewouldnottellanyoneaboutthecrystalball.Onthefollowingdayalso,Nasircouldnotdecidewhattowishfor,becausehereallyhadeverythingheneeded.
Thedayspassedasusual,andNasirappearedtobeverycheerfulthatthepeoplearoundhimwereamazedtoseehischeerfuldisposition.OnedayaboyfollowedNasirandhisherdandhidbehindatree.Nasirasusualsatinonecorner,tookoutthecrystalballandforafewmomentslookedatit.TheboywaitedforthemomentwhenNasirwouldgotosleep.Thenhetookthecrystalballandranaway.Whenhearrivedinthevillage,hecalledallthepeopleandshowedthemthecrystalball.Thecitizensofthatvillagetookthecrystalballintheirhandandturneditaroundwithsurprise.Suddenlytheyheardavoicefrominsidethecrystalball,whichsays,\"Icanfulfillyourwish.\"Onepersontooktheballandscreamed,\"Iwantonebagfullofgold.\"Anothertooktheballandsaidloudly,\"Iwanttwochestsfullofjewelry.\"
Someofthemwishedthattheywouldhavetheirownpalacewithgranddoormadefrompuregoldinsteadoftheiroldhouses.Somealsowishedforbagsfullofjewelry,butnobodyaskedforgardensintheirpalaces.Alltheirwisheswerefulfilledbutstillthecitizensofthevillagewerenothappy.Theywerejealousbecausethepersonthathadapalacehadnogoldandthepersonthathadthegoldhadnopalace.Forthisreason,thecitizensofthevillagewereangryandwerenotspeakingtoeachother.Therewasnotevenonegardenwhichexistedinthevillagewherethechildrencouldplay.Thepatienceofthechildrenwasrunningoutandtheywereuncomfortable.Nasirandhisfamilywerehappyandpleased.Everymorningandafternoonhewouldplaytheflute. ThechildrencouldnotwaitanymoreanddecidedtoreturnthecrystalballtoNasir.Theparentsandneighbourswenttohim.ThechildrensaidtoNasir;\"Whenwehadasmallvillageweallwerehappyandjoyful.\"Theparentalsospoke.Inonewayoranothernobodyishappy.Theexpensivepalacesandjewelryonlybringuspain.WhenNasirsawthatthepeoplewerereallyregretful,hesaidIhavenotwishedtillnow,ifyoureallywanteverythingtoreturntoitsownplace,thenIwillwishforit.Everyonehappilyagreed.Nasirtookthecrystalballinhishandturnedaroundandwishedthatthevillagebecomethesameasitwasbefore.Everyonequicklyturnedtowardsthevillageandsawitbecamethesameoldvillagewithgardensfulloftreesandfruits.Onceagainthepeoplestartedtolivehappilyandthechildrenplayedundertheshadeoftrees.FromthenextdayandeverydayatsunsetthesoundofNasir'sflutecouldbeheardinthevillage.
1.Thedetailsinthestoryareorganizedinthepatternof__________. A.causeandeffect B.chronologicalorder C.spatialorder D.exemplification 2.WhenNasirheardthevoicefromthecrystalball,hedidn’tanswerimmediatelybecause__________. A.hewantedtosavethewishforhisfamily B.hewastoohappytorememberanything C.hewasshockedbythetalkingball D.hedidn’tknowwhatwishtomake 3.TheboyfollowedNasirinorderto__________. A.provethatNasirwashidingsomethinggood B.taketheballandsharewiththevillagers C.findoutwhyNasirwascheerful D.stealtheballwhenNasirslept
4.“Nasirandhisfamilywerehappyandpleased”because__________.
A.onlytheirfamilyhadagarden
B.theirlifewasnotdisturbedbytheball C.theysawthetroublecausedbytheball D.theyonlywishedforahappylife
5.Thestorymaywellillustratetheproverb“__________”. -来源网络,仅供个人学习参考
A.Acontentedmindisacontinualfeast. B.Alittlelearningisadangerousthing. C.Everyadvantagehasitsdisadvantage. D.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.
Passage7(Unit7,BookI:TheCalloftheWild.Novel.Classical.) 215FERGUSSENHALL 24thSeptember
DearKind-Trustee-Who-Sends-Orphans-to-College,
HereIam!Itravelledyesterdayforfourhoursinatrain.It'safunnysensation,isn'tit?Ineverrodeinonebefore.
Collegeisthebiggest,mostbewilderingplace--IgetlostwheneverIleavemyroom.IwillwriteyouadescriptionlaterwhenI'mfeelinglessmuddled;alsoIwilltellyouaboutmylessons.Classesdon'tbeginuntilMondaymorning,andthisisSaturdaynight.ButIwantedtowritealetterfirstjusttogetacquainted. Itseemsqueertobewritingletterstosomebodyyoudon'tknow.Itseemsqueerformetobewritinglettersatall--I'veneverwrittenmorethanthreeorfourinmylife,sopleaseoverlookitifthesearenotamodelkind. Beforeleavingyesterdaymorning,Mrs.LippettandIhadaveryserioustalk.Shetoldmehowtobehavealltherestofmylife,andespeciallyhowtobehavetowardsthekindgentlemanwhoisdoingsomuchforme.ImusttakecaretobeVeryRespectful. ButhowcanonebeveryrespectfultoapersonwhowishestobecalledJohnSmith?Whycouldn'tyouhavepickedoutanamewithalittlepersonality?ImightaswellwriteletterstoDearHitching-PostorDearClothes-Prop. Ihavebeenthinkingaboutyouagreatdealthissummer;havingsomebodytakeaninterestinmeafteralltheseyearsmakesmefeelasthoughIhadfoundasortoffamily.ItseemsasthoughIbelongedtosomebodynow,andit'saverycomfortablesensation.Imustsay,however,thatwhenIthinkaboutyou,myimaginationhasverylittletoworkupon.TherearejustthreethingsthatIknow:I.Youaretall.II.Youarerich.III.Youhategirls. IsupposeImightcallyouDearMr.Girl-Hater.Onlythat'sratherinsultingtome.OrDearMr.Rich-Man,butthat'sinsultingtoyou,asthoughmoneyweretheonlyimportantthingaboutyou.Besides,beingrichissuchaveryexternalquality.Maybeyouwon'tstayrichallyourlife;lotsofveryclevermengetsmashedupinWallStreet.Butatleastyouwillstaytallallyourlife!SoI'vedecidedtocallyouDearDaddy-Long-Legs.Ihopeyouwon'tmind.It'sjustaprivatepetnamewewon'ttellMrs.Lippett. Theteno'clockbellisgoingtoringintwominutes.Ourdayisdividedintosectionsbybells.Weeatandsleepandstudybybells.It'sveryenlivening;Ifeellikeafirehorseallofthetime.Thereitgoes!Lightsout.Goodnight. ObservewithwhatprecisionIobeyrules--duetomytrainingintheJohnGrierHome. Yoursmostrespectfully, JerushaAbbott ToMr.Daddy-Long-LegsSmith 1.Jerushafelt“muddled”because__________. A.shehadneverwrittentothetrusteebefore B.shewasnotfamiliarwiththecollegeyet C.shecouldneverfindthewaytoherroom D.shehadnevertraveledonatrainbefore
2.Jerushathoughtthatshecouldn’tbeveryrespectfulto“JohnSmith”because__________.
A.hewasatotalstrangertoher B.shewassureitwasafakeidentity C.thenamewasnotdistinctiveenough D.nobodywouldliketobecalledthatname
3.AccordingtoJerusha,knowingaboutthetrustee’sbeingrichwas__________.
A.superficial B.unimaginable -来源网络,仅供个人学习参考
C.rumorous D.insulting
4.Thefactthatherday“isdividedintosectionsbybells”makesJerushafeel__________.
A.asbusyasafirehorse B.restrictedbyrules C.pressedfortime D.fullofvitality
5.JerushadecidedtocallthetrusteeDearDaddy-Long-Legs__________.
A.inordertoshowherrespectforhim
B.becauseitwasoneofhisinternalqualities C.inordertomakethemfeelclosertoeachother D.becauseshehadalwayswantedafather Passage8(Unit8,BookI:TwoboxesofGold.DifferentCareers) Myjobistoproviderelevant,factuallyaccurateinformationthatisinteresting,usefulandentertainingtomyreaders,betheyBrainstormorITWebreaders. Myjobisnottogetyourcorporatemessageacross.Ifyouwanttogetyourcorporatemessageouttothemarkettakeanadvertisement,or,failingthat,doagoodenoughjobthatyourclientsgetyourmessageandspreaditforyou,thenyouwouldn’tbesodesperatethatyouhavetoattempttoforcemetodoit. Secondly,myjobistotakeinformationfromanysourcesasIfeelarerelevantornecessary,andprocessitintoonesmooth,seamlessstorythatmakessense,andiseasyandpleasanttoread.Itisnotmyjobtoprinteverysinglewordofjargonandmarketingwafflethatspewsfromyourlips.Shouldyouchoosetospewjargonandmarketingwaffleduringaninterview,itwillnotbeused.Tryplain,simpleEnglishinfuture. Whatmyjobremindsmeofistousecommentsandquotesthatprovideknowledgeandinsight,nottouseanythingyouhavesaidmerelybecauseyouhavesaidit.WhatIuseandwhatIdonotuseinastoryismyprivilege.ShouldIchoosenottouseyourquotethereisnothingyoucandoaboutit. Further,myjobistowritestoriesthatmyreaderswanttoread,thuskeepingthemagazineorwebsite’sideasaliveandkicking,andthusprovidingadvertiserswithanaudiencetoadvertiseto.ShouldIwritewhatyouwantmetowritemyreaderswillstopreadingandyouwillhavenovehicleforyourmarketingandadvertising. Additionally,shouldyouhaveahissyfitandthreatentopullyourads,orneveradvertiseagain,becauseIranastoryyoudidnotlike,ordidnotuseyourquotes,orlookedatyoufunnywhenyouwerehavingabadday,youarenotgoingtogetasympatheticresponse.Youwillgetapositiveandprofessionalresponse.Nicepeoplewillkindlyattempttoexplaintoyouaboutpressfreedom,andwhatisenshrinedinSA’sconstitution,andthat“really,really,we’resorrybutadvertisingpeoplehavenocontroloverwhatthosejournalistsdo”.
Whatyouwillgetfrommeisthepleasureofneverbeinginterviewedbymeagain.Iwillnotbeblackmailed.Iwillnotbebullied.AndImostcertainlywillnotinterviewyouagain,knowingthatifyouhappentotakeanadforthatfeatureyouwillassumeIamrunningyourquotestokeepyouhappy.Conversely,IwillnotdoaninterviewknowingthatifIdonotrunyourquotesyouwillassumeitisbecauseyouhavenottakenanad. Sothenexttimeyouhavetheurgetoaskmeifyoucanapprovecopy,ortellmysalesteamthatyouwillnottakeanadunlessyouareguaranteededitorial,remembertheaboveandthinkaboutwhatyouareactuallydoing.Youareaskingmetocompromisemyethics,credibility,reputation,integrityand–ultimately–mycareerandIwillnotdothat–foryouoranyone.
1.Theauthorsuggeststhatcorporatemessageshouldbesenttotheconsumersprimarilyby__________.
A.committingtoadvertising B.improvingproductquality C.spreadingpublicpraise D.attractingmorereaders
2.Accordingtotheauthor,jargonandmarketingwaffleare__________.
A.irrelevant -来源网络,仅供个人学习参考
B.unintelligible C.professional D.monotonous
3.Theauthorwritesmostprobablyinordertochieflysatisfy__________.
A.hisdesire B.theeditors C.themedia D.hisreaders
4.Whentheauthorrefusestotaketheclients’quotes,hedoesn’texpectthemtothink__________.
A.thatheisbeingblackmailed B.itisbecausetheyhavetakenanad C.itisbecausetheyhavepulledtheirads D.thatheisbeingprofessional 5.Itcanbeassumedthattheauthoris__________. A.anovelist B.anadvertiser C.ajournalist C.aninterviewer Passage9(Unit9,BookI:MonaLisa’sSmile.Informational.Art) Self-PortraitwithStrawHat(1887),avanGoghself-portraitdoneinParis,isoneofhismostintriguingyetmostneglectedworks.Theartist’sgloomyeyesstareoutfromhisfaceinhalf-profile,facingtotheleft,andtheworld-wearyexpressioninitiallyappearstosupporttheviewofcriticssuchasJamesRisser,whoexplainsvanGogh’sself-portraitsasasustainedsearchforidentity. Self-PortraitwithStrawHat(1887)initiallyappearstocomplywithRisser’sevaluation.Inthiswork,thepainterdepictedhimselfwearingajumperofintensebluebeforeabackgrounddonealmostentirelyingraybutwithnoticeableblursofblue—mostnotablyinthetoprightcorner.Overallthepaintingappearstobeunfinished,ahastilydoneportraitthatthepainterabandonedtocreatemorelastingworks. Initsincompletestatewecanpreciselyread“anunfinishedlife,”andinthewildstrokesofcasualblueinthebackgroundandsplashedacrosstheartist’sgarmentsweareinstantlyconfrontedwiththesenseofgrowing“moreandmoreoutofcontrol.” Butisthisanaccurateevaluation?Ontheonehand,RisserseemstohavelegitimatecauseforenvisioningvanGogh’sself-portraitaspsychologicalself-analysis,apaintingthat“revealsanemotionalintensityhidingbeneaththesurface”.Butisthechaoticsurfaceeffectoftheblueinthispaintingactuallyaformofself-criticism,theartist’sownintenseandemotionaldespairoverhislossofcontrol—orisitrepresentativeofanunderlyingaestheticwhosefocusisnotthepainterhimself?Anintriguingalternativeexists:vanGoghmaynothavepaintedtheself-portraitsaspsychoanalyticalevaluationsofhimself,butinsteadmerelyasexperimentsintechnique.Theartistoftenstatedthathepaintedhimselfonlybecausehelackedothermodels,aviewfoundinthecriticalworkofbothRichardKendallandT.J.Shackelford.Perhaps,then,vanGoghwasnottryingtolearnabouthimselfbutaboutartasawholewhilepaintingtheseportraitsandhenceweoughttoreadtheself-portraitsasaseriesofstatementsaboutartitself.ThekeytothisanalysismaybeacarefulexplorationofthespecialcolorsymbolismvanGoghattachedtothecolorblue.Unlikeoureverydayassociationofbluewithmelancholyorboredom,theartistimaginedblueasasymbolfortheinfiniteorthelimitless.Suchaviewcallsintoquestiontheideathatself-portraitssuchasvanGogh’sSelf-PortraitwithStrawHat(1887)wereapsychologicalprofileoftheartist’smelancholyordespair.Instead,whenweconsiderblue’sspecialsymbolicroleastheinfiniteinvanGogh’sParisself-portraits,wediscoveranewnarrativedescribingthepainter’sownaesthetic:hisinsistencethatthefutureofartlayinexpressiveratherthanrealisticmethods. 1.WhatdoesJamesRisserthinkofvanGogh’sself-portraits?
A.Differentself-portraitsrepresentvanGogh’sdifferentattitudetowardslife. B.Manyofhisself-portraitshavebeenneglectedbycritics. C.VanGoghsoughtforidentitythroughallhisself-portraits.
D.VanGoghexpressedhiswearinessoftheworldinmostofhisself-portraits. -来源网络,仅供个人学习参考
2.WhichdescriptionismentionedinthesecondparagraphaboutvanGogh’sSelf-portraitwithaStrawHat?
A.Thepaintingisnotwelldone. B.Thepaintingmainlyusedgray.
C.Thepainterusedbluebuteraseditlater. D.Theportraitshowedadepressedemotion.
3.Whofeltthattheself-portraitshowed“anunfinishedlife”?
A.VanGoghhimself. B.Risser’sopponents. C.Theauthor. D.JamesRisser.
4.AccordingtoRichardKendallandT.J.Shackelford,theSelf-portraitwithaStrawHatmaynothaveanythingtodowith__________.
A.vanGogh’spaintingtechnique B.thesymbolismofcolor C.thepsychologicalanalysisofthepainter D.thepainter’saesthetic 5.AccordingtovanGoghhimself,hisself-portraitswereintendedtobe__________. A.narrative B.expressive C.analytic D.artistic Passage10(Unit10,BookI:London.Informational.Britishcustomsandculture.) Scottishcustomsandtraditionscoveraverywiderangeoftopics.Everythingfromkiltstogolf,bagpipestowhisky,CelticcrossestoProtestantmissionarywork,the\"secondsight\"toNessie. ThehistoryofthebagpipestakesusalongwaybackfromtodayandfarawayfromScotland.EveryonethinksaboutScotlandwhentheyheartheword“bagpipe”,butthisinstrumentissooldthattrueageandoriginareunknown.InsomehistoricaldocumentsitiswrittenthatthepipeswerefirstplayedsomewherearoundAsiaMinorin1000BC.Also,itissaid,bysome,that\"EmperorNeroplayedthe\"Pipes\"notthefiddle,whileRomeburned.\"Some'form'ofbagpipesareusedinmanyEuropeancountriesbutinScotlandtheyhavebecomeanintegralpartofthecountry'sculture.Scotlandistheancestralhomeofthe\"GreatHighlandBagpipes\"knowntoallasthe\"GreatPipes\". APipebandisonethingthateveryvisitorofScotlandwantstosee.Thesearegroupsofmen(inmoderntimesitcanbebothmenandwomen);eachgrouphasmatchingskirts,fancyjacketsandstrangelittlehats.Theymarcharoundsqueezingtheairoutofbigtartanbags(knownasbagpipes)andblowingitinagainthroughapipeattachedtothebag.Thisresultsinaracketknownas\"theskirlo'thepipes\"whichisalmostindistinguishablefromthenoisemadebythehaggisduringthematingseason.ThesepipebandsoftenturnouttobeAustralians,notScotsatall! ThetartankilthaslongbeenthemostrecognizableculturaltraditionoftheHighlandScots,butjustliketheothersymbols,kiltshavealsoanunknownorigin.Onesurefactisthatthewearingofthekilthasbeendevelopedinthe19thcenturyduringthereignofQueenVictoria.Ithadbeencreatedforsomerationalreasons:menwhoworeitcouldmakeveryquickmoves,wadethroughriversandshelterinhuts,woodsandrocks,etc.
Thereisaquestionwhichwillalwayslingernexttotheword‘kilt’andthatis:Dopeoplewhowearkiltshaveunderwearornot?Eventhoughtherearelotsofpeoplewhoconsiderthisimmoral,thetraditionsaysthatunderwearshouldnotbepresentifoneisdressedinakilt,theonlyexceptionbeingtheparticipationtosomesportivegamesandthepresenceofwomen.Inthe50’s,soldierswereverifiediftheyworeunderwearbytheirsergeantswhousedalongstickthathadinthetopamirror.
OthertworeasonsforwhichScotlandisfamousareitstraditionalfoodandofcourse,whisky.NoonecouldarguethattraditionalScottishcookinghasproducedoneofthegreatcuisinesoftheworld.Thequalityoftheingredientshasalwaysbeenexcellent:theworld'sfinestseafoodincludingshellfish,lobsterandcrabs,andvarietiesoffishtoonumeroustomention;succulentlambandbeef;softf-来源网络,仅供个人学习参考
ruitincludingraspberries,strawberriesandblackberriesandahostoflocallyproducedtypesofcheese,includingcheddarfromAyrshireandGalloway.Thenationaldishisthehaggis,atypeoffoodthatcombinesmuttonwithotheringredientsandwhichisservedwithturnipandpotatoes.
WhiskyhasbeenproducedinScotlandforhundredsofyears.ItiswellknownthattheIrishcreatedthisalcoholicdrink,buttheScotsweretheoneswhobroughtittotheformthatwedrinktoday.Whiskyreferstoabroadcategoryofalcoholicbeveragesthataredistilledfromgrainsandagedinoakcasks.Thenamemeanswateroflife. 1.EmperorNerowasmentionedtoillustrate__________.
A.thelegendaryoriginofbagpipes
B.therelationbetweenbagpipesandMinorAsia C.thehigherimportanceofbagpipesoverfiddles D.theculturalsignificanceofbagpipes
2.Whichofthefollowingdescriptionsissuitableforthebagpipeperformance? A.BagpipebandsusedtoconsistofmaleAustraliansonly. B.Bagpipesareplayedtoimitatethenoiseofmatinghaggis. C.Bagpipebandsmustdressinspecificperformancecostumes. D.Bagpipesaretooheavytocarryaroundduringtheperformance. 3.Alotofpeopleconsiderit“immoral”to__________. A.askwhetherpeoplewhowearkiltshaveunderwear B.wearakiltwithouthavingunderwear C.haveunderwearwhenwearingakilt D.setupsuchaprivacy-violatingruleofkilt-wearing 4.AyrshireandGallowayaremostprobablyfamousfor__________. A.theirexcellentfruit B.theircheeseproduction C.thenationaldish,thehaggis D.thetraditionalScottishcooking 5.Theauthorchosetoonlyintroducebagpipes,kilts,foodandwhiskybecause__________. A.theauthorhadgreatestdelightinthem B.theauthorwasbest-informedaboutthem C.theyaremoreinterestingthanothercustomsandtraditions D.theyaremorefamousthanothercustomsandtraditions Passage11(Unit11,BookI:TheAll-AmericanSlurp.Informational.Americancustomsandculture.) “Pleasepasstheturkeyanddressing.”Whatdoesthissimplerequestmakeyouthinkabout?IfyouareanAmerican,youthinkaboutThanksgiving.AturkeydinnersymbolizesThanksgivingforAmericans.WhatdoesThanksgivingremindAmericansof?Theirfamilies.Thanksgivingisafamilytime.Onthisholiday,familiesgathertogobbleupthegobblerandstuffthemselveswithstuffing.FamilymembersenjoywatchingparadesandfootballgamesonTVandjustbeingtogether.Whatdoes“family”meantoAmericans?
ThetraditionalAmericanfamilyisa“nuclearfamily”.Anuclearfamilyreferstoahusbandandwifeandtheirchildren.TheaverageAmericanfamilytodayhastwoorthreechildren(andmaybeafewpets).Insomecultures,peopleliveclosetotheirextendedfamily.Severalgenerationsmayevenlivetogether.InAmerica,onlyinafewcasesdoesmorethanonehouseholdliveunderoneroof.
Americanvaluesreceiveawarmwelcomeinthehome.Manyhomesarerunlikeademocracy.Eachfamilymembercanhaveasay.AsenseofequalityoftenexistsinAmericanhomes.InsteadoffearingMomandDad,childrenmaythinkofthemasgoodfriends.Husbandsandwivesoftensharehouseholdchores.Inmanycases,achildcanenjoyprivacyinhisorherownbedroom.Fromanearlyage,childrengainresponsibilityinhandlingmoney.Theymayreceiveaweeklyallowanceorevenworkpart-timejobs.Oftenparentsgivechildrenfreedomtomaketheirowndecisions.Preschoolerschoosewhatclothestowearorwhichtoystobuy.Youngadultsgenerallymaketheirownchoicesaboutwhatcareertopursueandwhomtomarry.
FamiliesinAmerica,likethoseineveryculture,facemanyproblems.SocialpressuresarebreakingapartmoreandmoreAme-来源网络,仅供个人学习参考
ricanhomes.OverhalfofU.S.marriagesnowendindivorce.MorethanoneinfourAmericanchildrenisgrowingupinsingle-parenthomes.Asaresult,manypeoplebelievetheAmericanfamilyisintrouble.
Evenso,thereisstillreasonforhope.Manyorganizationsareworkinghardtostrengthenfamilies.Americansalmostunanimouslybelievethatthefamilyisoneofthemostimportantpartsoflife.Thevastmajorityalsofeelthatthetraditionaltwo-parentfamilyisbestforchildren.Theyrealizethatproblemsinfamilylifeinrecentyearshavebroughtaboutseriousconsequences.Asaresult,moreandmorepeoplearemakingtheirfamilyapriority.Manywomenarequittingtheirjobstostayhomewiththeirchildren.Familiesaregoingonvacationsandoutingstogether.Husbandsandwivesaremakingaconcentratedefforttokeeptheirmarriagessolid.
TheUnitedNationshasdeclared1994the“InternationalYearoftheFamily”.NotjustinAmerica,butallovertheworld,peoplerecognizetheimportanceofstrongfamilies.Howdoyoustrengthenthefamilybond?Dospecialthingsforeachother.Talktoeachother.Playtogether.Spendtimetogether.Oh,andonemorething:bethankfulforeachother.Ifyouhaveafamily,everydayshouldbeThanksgiving.
1.Theauthorwritesthefirstparagraphto__________. A.introducethetraditionsofaholiday B.leadinthetopicofthepassage C.exemplifytheAmericanholidays D.highlighttheimportanceoffamily 2.Comparedwithnuclearfamilies,extendedfamiliesmay__________. A.havemoregenerationsunderoneroof B.havetofacemoreproblems C.keepmoretraditionsandcustoms D.keepcloserfamilybond 3.TheAmericanvaluesreflectedintheAmericanfamiliesdoesnotincluderespectfor__________. A.equality B.privacy C.freedom D.diligence 4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheproblemsfacingtheAmericanfamiliesnow? A.Theywillbecomeevenworsebecauseoftheever-increasingsocialpressure. B.Theywillbesolvedsoonerorlaterbecausemoreandmorepeoplecometorealizethem. C.Theywillexistalongwiththesocietybecauseeveryculturehasthesameproblem. D.Theywillremainallthetimebecausetheyarepartofthefamilylife. 5.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestattheendofthepassage? A.Thanksgivingshouldbesettledasaneverydayholiday. B.Americansshouldfindmoreholidaystocelebrate. C.It’sbetterforfamilymemberstocaremoreforeachother. D.OthercountriesshouldlearnformtheUnitedStates. Passage12(Unit12,BookI:OntheWrongSideoftheGlobalDivide.Informational.MinorityandDisadvantagedgroup)
Thelevelofdiscriminationhasvariedenormouslyinthehistoryofhumansocieties,fromgenocidewhereethnicsarekilledoffthroughexpulsionand,whentheseextremeformsofdiscriminationarenotpossible,throughsegregationinaghettoandanarrowrangeofjobs.
Onetypeofethnicminorityislowerclass.Heredisproportionatenumbersofapopulationareisolatedinslumhousingtractsandpushedintothelowest-payingoccupationssuchthattheyareinthepovertyclassesofasociety.African-AmericanshavesufferedthisfateintheUnitedStates.Anothertypeofethnicminoritycreatedbydiscriminationisthemiddlemanminoritywheremembersaresegregatedbut,atthesametime,allowedtooccupyanarrowrangeofentrepreneurialandprofessionaleconomicpositionswhichgivethemsomeaffluence.Forexample,JewsinfeudalandearlymodernEuropeoftenoccupiedhighpositionsinbankingandfinance;andmanyAsianimmigrantsinAmericatodayhavemovedintosmallbusinessniches. -来源网络,仅供个人学习参考
Whatdetermineswhichtypeofaminorityanethnicpopulationwillbecome?Oneimportantconditionistheresources–money,entrepreneurialknow-how,educationalcredentials–thatapopulationcanmobilize.Whenethnicshavesomeresources,theycanmorereadilymoveintointermediaryminoritypositionsandliveamoremiddle-classlifestyle.Butresourcesarenottheonlyfactor;anotheristheabsolutesizeofanethnicpopulation.Asmallminoritywithresourcescanmoreeasilyfindintermediarynichesthanalargeone,forthesimplereasonthattherearenotenoughsmall-businesspositionsforalargepopulation.Alargeethnicpopulationwill,therefore,bepushedtolowernichesespeciallyiftheirresourcesarelimitedand,asaresult,theirabilitytofightoffdiscriminationislow.African-Americanshavesufferedthisfate:Theyaretoolargeagrouptofillmiddlemenminoritypositions,andtheyhaveinsufficientresourcestoovercomediscrimination.Indeed,whatoftenhappensisthatmembersofalargeminoritywhocanmobilizeresources–say,educationalcredentials–moveintomiddle-classpositions,leavingbehindtheirfellowethnics.Forexample,manyblacksinAmericahavemadedramaticstridesinmovingtothemiddle-classesinthepost-CivilRightsera,butthefateofthevastmajorityofblacksinthelowerclasseshasremainedthesame,orworsenedoverthelasttwenty-fiveyears.BlackAmericaitselfisthusdividedbylargeclassdifferences. 1.Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectdescriptionof“genocide”? A.Itisaplacewhereethnicsarediscriminated. B.Itisanextremeformofethnicdiscrimination. C.Itismanifestedbymeansofsegregation. D.Itistheearliestdiscriminationinhistory. 2.HowweretheJewsinfeudalandearlymodernEuropediscriminated? A.Theywereisolatedinlivinginslumhousingtracts. B.Onlythelowest-payingoccupationswereavailabletothem. C.Onlyveryfewhigh-payingprofessionswereopentothem. D.TheysufferedthesamefateastheAfrican-Americans. 3.TheAsianAmericansareclassifiedasthemiddlemanminoritymainlybecause__________. A.theirpopulationissmallerthanthatoftheAfricanAmericans B.theyarenotdiscriminatedasseverelyastheAfricanAmericans C.theycannotgobeyondsmallbusiness D.theyareasmallminoritywithresources 4.Whatismostlikelytohappentothelargeethnicminority,accordingtothelastparagraph? A.Allitsmembershavetostayinthelowerclass. B.Itishardforitsmemberstoenterthemiddlemanclass. C.Thereisobviousclassdivisioninthegroupitself. D.Thereisnowayforthemtoovercomediscrimination. 5.Whichofthefollowingfactordeterminesone’schancetomoveintothemiddleclass? A.Thepopulationofthegrouponeisin. B.One’sabilitytomakeuseofresources. C.One’seducationalbackground. D.Theseverityofdiscrimination.
Passage13(Unit13,BookI:YourCollegeExperience.Informational.Education)
Whentheyadviseyourkidsto“getaneducation”ifyouwanttoraiseyourincome,theytellyouonlyhalfthetruth.Whattheyreallymeanistogetjustenougheducationtoprovidemanpowerforyoursociety,butnottoomuchthatyouproveanembarrassmenttoyoursociety.
Getahighschooldiploma,atleast.Withoutthat,youareoccupationallydead,unlessyournamehappenstobeGeorgeBernardShaworThomasAlvaEdisonandyoucansuccessfullydropoutingradeschool.
Doyouknow,forinstance,thatlong-handtruckdriversearnmoreayearthanfullprofessors?Yes,theaveragesalaryforthosetruckerswas$24,000,whilethefullprofessorsmanagedtoaveragejust$23,930.
APh.D.isthehighestdegreeyoucanget,butexceptinafewspecializedfieldssuchasphysicsorchemistry,wherethedegreecan-来源网络,仅供个人学习参考
quicklybeturnedtoindustrialorcommercialpurposes,youarefacingadimfuture.TherearemorePh.D.sunemployedorunderemployedinthiscountrythaninanyotherpartoftheworldbyfar.IfyoubecomeadoctorofphilosophyinEnglishorhistoryoranthropologyorpoliticalscienceorlanguagesor–worstofall–inphilosophy,youruntheriskofbecomingovereducatedforournationaldemands.Notforourneeds,mindyou,butforourdemands.
ThousandsofPh.D.saresellingshoes,drivingcabs,waitingontablesandfillingoutfruitlessapplicationsmonthaftermonth.Andthenmaybetakingajobinsomehighschoolorbackwatercollegethatpaysmuchlessthanthejanitorearns.
Youcanequatethelevelofincomewiththelevelofeducationonlysofar.Farenough,thatis,tomakeyouusefultothegrossnationalproduct,butnotsofarthatnobodycanturnmuchofaprofitonyou.
1. BymentioningBernardShawandThomasEdison,theauthormeanstosupporttheideathat__________.
A. one’schancetosucceedhasnothingtodowitheducation B. manytalentedpeoplebecomesuccessfulwithouteducation C. fewpeoplecanbesuccessfulwithoutahighschooleducation D. peopleasfamousasthemwillsucceedwithoutpropereducation 2. Thelawofdiminishingreturnsismanifestedbythefactthat__________. A. theeldergenerationsearnlessthantheirchildren’sgenerations B. ordinarytruckdrivershavetoworkharderthanfullprofessors C. acollegediplomaismorepromisingthanahighschooldiploma D. peoplewithaB.A.earnmorethanthosewithadoctor’sdegree 3. ItisindicatedinthepassagethatitismostlikelyforthePh.D.sinphilosophytobe__________. A. oflittlecommercialvalue B. notneededbythesociety C. difficulttosucceedintheirprofession D. unabletosatisfythecountry’sdemand 4. Yourincomecanparallelyoureducationonlywhen__________. A. youarenotaPh.D.inliberalsarts B. yougetnomorethancollegeeducation C. whatyoulearnispracticalbutnottheoretical D. whatyoulearnisnotbeyondthenationaldemands 5. Theauthorsuggeststhatit’ssatisfactoryenoughforonetoget__________. A. ahighschooldiploma B. acollegedegree C. amaster’sdegree D. adoctor’sdegree Passage14(Unit14,BookI:TheConfidenceGame.Keystosuccess) HazelaskshowonecanstayhealthyworkingthehoursI'vebeenworking.Here'sonethingthathelps:don'tdoitforever!Myworkisalwaysmorethanfortyhoursaweek,buttheseperiodsofneverstoppingandsleepdeprivationdon'tgoonforverylongatatime.Thelastfiveweeksorsohavebeenparticularlybusy,andthelasttwobeforeamajorvoteespeciallyso.
Mostorganizers,underthepressure,resorttobadcopingmechanismslikeovereating,smoking,ordrinkingtoomuch.It'ssoeasytothinkthataquickfixlikethatwillmakeyoufeelbetter,wheninthelongrunitmakesyoufeelworse.Ifoundthatkeepinglowcaloriereallyhelpedmemaintainmymentalfocusinthelastdays.There'ssomethingabouteatingjustonthelightersideofwhatIreallyneedthatmakesmecalmerandsharper.
Planningisreallythekey.WemadetheappetizingmuffinsovertheJuly4thweekend,andtheywerereallyahealth-saverintheselasttwoweeks.Beingabletopulla275caloriepackageofperfectlyzonedyumminessoutofthefreezer,engineeredtohave27%oftheRDA(Recommendeddailyallowance)ofeverything,madegrabbinghealthyfoodinahurryeasy.Ihadappetizingmuffinsforbreakfastsonmostdayswithsuchtoppingsashotsauce,mustard,andfatfreecreamcheese.Ireallyenjoythislittlebread,soIfeltlikeIwasfeastinginsteadoffeelingdeprived.Sincemyhusbandpacksmylunchtimesalad,filledwithanamazingarrayofgreensthatpackanutr-来源网络,仅供个人学习参考
itionalpunchalongwithpumpkinseedsforzincandfatandeggwhitesforprotein,Ihadlunchestakencareof.AndIwasluckyenoughtobeworkinginaplacethathasaconvenientSubway,soSubwaysaladsandlowcarbwrapswerealwaysavailable.Subwaycanreallybeablessingtothehealthconsciousontherun.
Thegoodnewsis:WEWON!!!Andwewonbig.272votesforus,128fortheotherunion,andonly19fornounionatall.Itwasafightupuntiltheend,includingthreatsofviolencefromtheotherunion.Don'tworry,MommiesandDaddiesoutthere.Iwasverycarefulnevertobealoneanywhere,Iambeingextracautious.Ourleadersinsidethehospitalwereunderatonofpressureastheygotattackedbybothmanagementandtheotherunion,butsomanyoftheirco-workersweresupportivethattheyheldupbeautifully.Nowtheyfinallyhaveachancetonegotiateacontractthatgetsthemthekindofsalaries,benefitsandworkingconditionstheydeserve.It'sabouttime.
I'mofftoameetingtoplannextsteps...thefunneverends!
1.Inordertostayhealthywhileworkingbusily,theauthorsuggeststhat__________.
A.weshouldworknomorethanfortyhoursaweek B.weshouldtrytogetridoftheworkingpressure C.weshouldtrytoavoidsleepdeprivationandfastfood D.weshouldstopworkingandmakeupforsleepattimes 2.Theauthorkeepslowcalorieby__________. A.excludinggreasyfoodfromherdiet B.eatinglessthannecessary C.takingupanutritiousrecipe D.havingnomorethanthreemealsaday 3.Whatdidtheauthoreatforsupper? A.SaladandlowcarbwrapsboughtintheSubway. B.Appetizingmuffinswithdiversetoppings. C.Greensaladwithpumpkinseedsandeggwhites. D.Anutritionalpunchpreparedbyherhusband. 4.Beinganorganizer,theauthorworksfor__________. A.anelectioncommittee B.acharityfund C.alaborunion D.ahospitalmanagement 5.“MommiesandDaddiesoutthere”wereworried__________. A.abouttheauthor’spersonalsafety B.thattheauthor’sunionwouldfailintheelection C.abouttheoppositioninthehospital D.thattheauthorcouldn’tgetthroughthepressure Passage15(Unit15,BookI:StartingOverat85.Lifeofasuccessfulpeople.) Ricci,45,isnowstrikingoutonperhapshisboldestventureyet.HeplanstomarketanEnglish-languageeditionofhiselegantmonthlymagazine,FMR,intheUnitedStates.OnceagaintheskepticsaremurmuringthatthesuccessfulRiccihasheadedforabigfall.AndonceagainRicciintendstoprovethemwrong.
Ricciissoconfidentthathehaschristenedhisquest“OperationColumbus”andhassethissightsondiscoveringanAmericanreadershipof300,000.Thatgoalmaynotbetoofar-fetched.TheItalianeditionofFMR–theinitials,ofcourse,standforFrancoMariaRicci–isonly18monthsold.Butitisalreadythesecondlargestartmagazineintheworld,withacirculationof65,000andaprofitmarginofUS$500,000.TheAmericaneditionwillbepatternedaftertheItalianversion,witheach160-pageissuecarryingonly40pagesofadsandnomorethanfivearticles.Butthecontentswilloftendiffer.TheEnglish-languageeditionwillincludemoreAmericanworks,Riccisays,tohelpAmericansgetover“aninferioritycomplexabouttheirart.”Healsohopesthatthemagazinewillbecomeavehicleforatwo-wayculturalexchange–whathelikestothinkofasamarriageofbrains,cultureandtastefrombothsidesoftheAtlantic.
Torealizethisvision,Ricciismountingoneofthemostlavish,enterprising–andexpensive–promotionalcampaignsinmagazi-来源网络,仅供个人学习参考
ne-publishinghistory.BetweenNovemberandJanuary,eightjumbojetswillfly8millioncopiesofasample16-pageeditionofFMRacrosstheAtlantic.FromawarehouseinMichigan,6.5millioncopieswillbemailedtoAmericansubscribersofvariouscultural,artandbusinessmagazine.SomeoftheremainingcopieswillcirculateasaspecialSundaysupplementintheNewYorkTimes.ThecostoflaunchingOperationColumbusisastaggeringUS$5million,butRicciishopingthat60%ofthepricetagwillbefinancedbyItaliancorporation.“TolandinAmericaColumbushadtouseSpanishsponsor,”readsonesentenceinhispromotionalpamphlet.“WewouldlikeItalians.”
LikeColumbus,Riccicannotknowwhathisreceptionwillbeonforeignshores.InItalyhegambled–andwon–onasimpleconcept:itismoreimportanttoshowartthantowriteabout.Hence,oneissueofFMRmightfeature32full-colorpagesof17th-centurytapestries,followedby14pagesofoutrageouseyeglasses.Heisgamblingthattheconceptisexportable. 1.Naminghisquest“OperationColumbus”,Ricciisconfidentthat__________.
A.hewillbeasinfluentialasColumbus B.hewillopenuptheAmericanmarket C.theAmericanswillassociatehismagazinewithadventurouspioneers D.hismagazinewillbeasmemorableasColumbus’discoveryofAmerica 2.WhatdoestheauthorthinkaboutRicci’smarketingtheEnglisheditionofFMR? A.TheAmericanhistorymakesithopefulforthegoaltofulfill. B.ThefulfillmentofthegoalliesonRicci’smarketingstrategy. C.Riccistillhasalongwaytogobeforehefulfillsthegoal. D.ItisquitepossibleandfeasibleforRiccitofulfillthegoal. 3.WhatisthemaincontentofRicci’smagazineFMR? A.Articlesonculture,artandbusiness. B.Articlesandpicturesaboutfashion. C.Picturesofworksofart. D.Picturesoftrendyitems. 4.ThecopiesofthesampleeditionofFMRwillbedistributedto__________. A.magazineandnewspaperreaders B.well-educatedperiodicalsubscribers C.householdsindirectmails D.downtownpassers-by 5.RiccitriestopersuadetheItaliancorporationstohelpby__________. A.includingtheminOperationColumbus B.showingthemthestaggeringpricetag C.comparingthemtotheSpanishsponsor D.arousingpassionatepatriotisminthem Passage1 1.[A]【定位】第2段第3句。 【解析】根据原文该句母亲所问的问题可以推断母亲接到电话的时候,第一个反应是“担心”,因此本题应选选项A。本题最具有干扰性的是选项C,suspicious和第2段最后一句中的suspect属于同一个词族,但要注意的是,在文中suspect是“猜想”的意思,而不是“怀疑”的意思,而suspicious只有“怀疑的、可疑的”意思,这样来看就知道选项C不符合原文的内容了。 2.[C]【定位】第4段最后两句。
【解析】可以说,母亲的朋友也应该是老年人,他们应该也像母亲一样很少能和儿女聚会,由此可推断,他们认为作者通过邀请母亲吃饭而表达对母亲的爱,作者这样做让他们很感动,因此本题应选选项C。作者和母亲的晚餐聚会发生在原文提到impressed这个动作之后,而原文没有提及在聚会之后朋友们的感觉,因此选项A是不正确的;选项D是几乎每个父母都有的感觉,朋友们不可能因此而感动。 3.[D]【定位】第5段第2句。 -来源网络,仅供个人学习参考
【解析】从原文前5段的内容可以推断母亲觉得自己像第一夫人是因为她那天很高兴,能和儿子一起吃饭让她觉得很得意,而且也以儿子为荣,因此,本题选择选项D最合适。我们可以用另一个方法快速锁定正确答案。原文该句中的asif表示一种感觉,在四个选项中,只有选项D中的felt表示感觉,其他三个选项的动词都用于描述现实,在这种情况下,即使选项C中的important在现实中也可用来形容当第一夫人的感觉,也可以马上排除了。 4.[B]【定位】第8段第1句。
【解析】原文该句中的recentevents表明母亲在吃饭时谈起的是最近发生的事,在4个选项中选项B提到的时间是最近的,因此选项B为本题答案。选项C的memory与第6段末句中的nostalgic意思相关,但原文该句只表明母亲想起了过去,但不一定在吃饭时就“主要”谈起过去,因此选项C是不正确的。 5.[B]【定位】第9段和最后两段。
【解析】从第9段的I'llgooutwithyouagain可以知道母亲在提出请儿子吃饭时,她还是想着自己一定会去的,根据倒数第2段最后两句和最后一段的哲理可以推断母亲当时提出邀请是因为她也要让儿子知道她很爱他。由此可见,本题应选选项B。倒数第2段第5句表明母亲并不能确定自己的病情,所以说“她快要死了”(选项A)是过度推断。选项D是另一个强干扰项,但别忘了第9段的I’llgooutwithyouagain,当母亲提出邀请时,她并没有想要邀请媳妇一起参加,这可能是后来回家之后才想到的,所以选项D并不是母亲已开始提出邀请时的目的。 6.[C]【定位】最后一段第2句。 【解析】最后一段是对全文中心思想的概括,第2句表明family是最重要的东西,可见本文是为了说明我们要珍惜我们的family,因此本题应选选项C。本题稍具干扰性的是选项B,但本文并不是对“爱”泛泛而谈,而是主要针对家庭成员的“爱”,所以选项B过泛了。 Passage2 1. [B]【定位】第1段第3句。 【解析】题干中的amaze和原文该句中的startle同义,都有surprise的意思,本题其实要求理解该句中的thelacystructureofsteel所指是什么。steel是这个建筑物的材料,而steel后的定语从句whichspanstheEastRiver表明这个建筑物横跨在河上,从这写信息可以推论这个建筑物是一座铁桥,故选项B为本题答案。 2. [C]【定位】第2段第2句。 【解析】第二段第一句中的fantastic,第二句中的awe-inspiring,第三句中的vast和suchasthegodsmightbuildforthemselves都表明作者会对看到的建筑物表示“赞叹”之情,在四个选项中,选项C与这种情绪的表达最为接近,故为本题答案。 3. [A]【定位】第4段第2、3、4句。 【解析】第四段最后两句是对第二句的解释,解释作者如果能看到经过的路人会想什么。从最后两句的内容Iseesmiles,andIamhappy.Iseeseriousdetermination,andIamproud,Iseesuffering,andIamcompassionate.可以推断作者会感受路人的情绪,会与他们欢喜悲哀与共,因此,本题应选选项A。选项C中的lifestyle涵盖范围过宽,而原文只是提到“情感”方面的感受而已。选项D意为“理解他们内心深处的感受”,可以说,原文这几句话表现出来的内容还没有到“内心”那么深入,几句话描述的都只是作者对路人面部表情的观察而已。 4. [C]【定位】第5段第3句。 【解析】原文该句中的I’mcertainthat…表明作者会对color很着迷。本题最具迷惑性的选项是选项B,因为第5段第4句提到了style和cut,但要注意这一句用的是虚拟语气,表明作者对于styles和cut的感受都只存在于假设当中,所以不要被选项B给迷惑了。 5. [D]【定位】全文
【解析】在回答本题时,千万不要被最后一段提到的关于comedy的内容所迷惑了。这一段提到的是作者在最后一天的那一个晚上的安排,她说她会再次去看一场戏剧,去欣赏人类精神世界中喜剧的泛音,由此可见,选项A是毫无根据的(她要把她的生活当作一部喜剧)。从全文的描述来看,可以看得出作者对于外界的事物都抱着积极、欣赏的态度,因此,本题答案应为选项D。本题涉及作者的toneandattitude,最好在看完全文、理解了全文内容后,再次斟酌一下作者的用词,以感受作者的情绪。 Passage3
1.[D]【定位】根据题干中的Kemsley定位到第2段最后一句。 【解析】原文该句破折号前后的内容表明Fleming接受Kemsleynewspaper的工作是有条件的,破折号后的内容就-来源网络,仅供个人学习参考
是这个条件,选项D中的onconditionthat也表示基于某种条件去做一件事,选项D是对破折号后的内容的近义改写,因此选项D为本题答案。本题的解题关键是理解原文该句中的withoutcompromise。选项A与原文内容相反;原文表明Fleming每年冬天在Jamaica度假,而不是如选项B中说的去工作,因此选项B不正确;选项C是原文没有提到的内容,难以证明是否能与原文内容构成因果关系。 2.[A]【定位】第3段第1句。
【解析】本题实际上要求选择在Fleming开始写作后发生的事,而且这件事必须是他开始写作前没有考虑到的。第3段第1句末尾的定语从句中的时态would表明定于从句的内容是发生在Fleming开始写作之后,而且他自己从没想过自己的写作生涯会造成那么大的影响,由此可见,本题应选选项A。选项B是促使Fleming开始从事写作的原因,因此这应该是Fleming有考虑到的。选项C和选项D是发生在Fleming开始写作之前就发生了的事实,他对此肯定是知道的,所以这两个选项都不符合题意。 3.[C]【定位】根据题干中的thrillers定位到第4段第1句。
【解析】原文该句中的eliteexistence,arrogance,style,acidwit等都是与个性特点有关的内容,表明Fleming在他的小说中融进了自己独特的个性特点,因此本题应选选项C。选项B和选项D都是Fleming的经历,但与eliteexistence,arrogance,style,acidwit等“个性”特点关系不够紧密,因此本能选。 4.[B]【定位】根据题干中双引号里的内容定位到第5段第1句。 【解析】原文该句中的fillout…with…表明Fleming用adventurejournalism“充满”了关于Bond的故事,Bond是他所写的故事的主角,这也就是说,Fleming在小说中让这个主角经历了各种各样的“历险”,由此可见,本题应选选项B。干扰项都围绕journalism一词做文章,在原文中,adventurejournalism应理解为“新闻式的历险故事”,也就是说,在原文中,journalism并不与真正的“新闻业”,“新闻工作”,“记者”等有关,它只是用来描述Fleming的故事特点,可见,其它选项都是对journalism的错误理解。 5.[B]【定位】第7段首句和最后一段首句。 【解析】第7段首句和最后一段首句都提到了heart一词,而最后一段首句中的loosingbattleofhisweakeningheart明确表明Fleming无法战胜他的心脏病,并最终输掉了与心脏病的“战斗”,由此可见,Fleming是死于心脏疾病的,即选项B为本题答案。本题最具干扰性的事选项A。第7段第2句和第3句的maybe表示猜测和不确定性,有些同学可能会因此而误选选项A,事实上,这些是针对心脏病成因的猜测,而不是对Fleming死因的猜测。 Passage4 1. [C]【定位】第2段和第3段。 【解析】结合第2段和第3段的内容可推断“特别狡猾”的松鸦是那些曾经偷过别人食物的,只有这些“特别狡猾”的松鸦才会把自己的食物藏好,免受其他鸟类的偷窃,可见,本题应选选项C。根据第3段最后一句Clayton所说的\"Ittakesathieftoknowathief,\"可以推断raidedotherbirds'stores是偷窃别人食物的意思,其他选项虽然都有steal一词,但原文都不符合原文对“偷窃”的描述。 2. [A]【定位】第5段。 【解析】通常来说,\"could’ve,would’ve,should’ve\"都是用于评论过去做过的事情的,结合第5段第1句中的regret可知在本文中,\"could’ve,would’ve,should’ve\"表明猴子会产生“后悔”的情绪,因此,本题应选选项A。 3. [D]【定位】第1段第3句和最后4段。 【解析】结合第1段第3句和最后4段可知第1段提到的那只鹦鹉就是最后4段详细描述的Alex,这些段落提到Alex都是为了说明这只鹦鹉的特点是它能理解“零”这一个数学概念,因此,本题应选选项D。其他三个选项都属于Alex的超凡的能力,但在原文中,与对“零”这一个数学概念的理解相比,这些能力都是研究人员早就得知的了的,因此,这些都不会让研究人员太感到意外,可见,这三个选项不如选项A符合题意。 4. [A]【定位】第8段最后4句。 【解析】对于如何发现Alex有理解“零”这个概念的能力,本文的相关描述始于第8段倒数第3句的Then,finally,…,其中,Alex首先提到了“五”这个数字,然后Pepperberg才对它提出了问题,由此细节叙述的先后关系可知Alex通过提到“五”去引导Pepperberg问问题,因此,本题应选选项A。选项C和选项D都是第8段提到的内容,但从原文的结构来看,Then,finally,…表明选项C和选项D与对Alex拥有理解“零”的能力的叙述无关,因此,这些不可能是导致Pepperberg问问题的原因。 5. [A]【定位】第1段最后一句及全文。 -来源网络,仅供个人学习参考
【解析】本文第1段最后一句明确指出本文的主题,第1段是全文的总起,接下来的段落分别以“松鸦”“猴子”和“鹦鹉Alex”为例说明第1段提到过的主题,可见,本题应选选项A。其他选项分别是三个例子的首段,属于文章的细节,不是主题。 Passage5
1.[C]【定位】第1段第1句。
【解析】本题要考查的是对Ididnotknowthefirstwordaboutthem的理解,这一句话应理解为作者从一开始就不懂分词,那就意味着他不懂任何的分词,因此,本题应选选项C。选项B和选项D都利用了原文的first,但这两个选项是对thefirstwordabout…的曲解;原文没有提到作者对分词的“兴趣”,因此选项A也应排除。 2.[A]【定位】第2段第2句。
【解析】本题要考查的是对draft一词的理解。draft是一个多义词,有“起草”,“设计”,“征兵”等不同的意思,从该词前面的“败仗”和后面的“司令”等词可以知道此处的draft应为“征兵”的意思,因此,本题应选选项A。选项C(征税)和选项D(撤兵)都与draft的语义毫无关系,不能选;选项B中虽有plan一词能与“起草(计划)”的意思扯上一点关系,但本句破折号前的badnews表明draft应该是一则坏消息,而选项B中的effective与bad的语义刚好相反,因此,选项B不正确。 3.[B]【定位】]第5段第4句。 【解析】原文该句中的countonthecommotion表明作者通常依靠于课室当是一片喧闹,就能溜进教室而不被发现,选项B是对countonthecommotion的近义改写,故为本题答案。其它三个选项可能是迟到的同学会用的招数,但在本文并无相关的信息。 4.[D]【定位】第7段第2、3、4句。 【解析】从第1段到第7段第1句,作者都处于因为上学迟到而惊慌失措的情绪当中,对于在这之前发生的事,他并没有想过有什么不妥,直到第7段第2句他才定下神来,然后注意到老师的衣服与平时不同,而该段第4句中的最高级…surprisedmemost…表明前两句提到的老师的衣着已经开始让他觉得奇怪了,由此可见,本题应选选项D。选项A发生在作者到达学校之前,那个时候他对周围的气氛并没有感到有什么不妥的,因此,选项A不符合题意。选项C是另外一件让作者感到奇怪的事情,但并非第一件,因此也不符合题意;选项B使作者揭开了心中的疑问,那个时候他应该已不再感到奇怪了,因此,选项B也不能选。 5.[C]【定位】第7段最后一句。 【解析】本题解题的关键是primer的词义,从该句中的torn和thepages可以推断primer应该是一本书,而根据上下文的内容可以推断oldHauser是来听课的,因此他拿着的应该是一本教科书,由此可推断选项C是正确的。第7段倒数第2句在提到oldHauser的时候,同时提到了以前的镇长、以前的邮政等,这可能会让人联想到oldHauser是不是也有个一官半职的,但就算他是,文章并没有提到他们是来检查学校工作的,因此,选项A不正确;同样,虽然原文提到那天课室里面有学生外,还有很多村民,但根据上下文可知他们并不是来参观学校的,原文也没有提到那天是学校开放日,因此,选项B不正确;选项D中的respectable缺乏原文依据。 Passage6 1.[B]【定位】全文。 【解析】从第1段中的morning,afternoon,atnight,onofthesedays,第2段最后一句的thefollowingday,第3段首句的thedayspassed,最后一段末句的thenextday等都可以知道本文是根据时间顺序组织故事的发展的,因此本题应选选项B。英文段落的组织形式有:因果,举例,对比,按时间顺序,地点顺序等,抓住文章里可能表示这些形式的关键词就能做出比较准确的判断。 2.[D]【定位】第2段第6句。
【解析】原文该句中的engrossed和for引出的原因从句表明Nasir当时全神贯注地想他应该许个什么愿,由此可见,本题应选选项D。选项B中的happy与该段第8句有关,但第8句描述的内容距离他捡到水晶球听到水晶球说话的时间已经较远了,由此可见,选项B将原文分散在两句里的remember,happy等词拼凑在一起,原文根本没有选项B的内容。选项C的内容与第2段第5句的内容有关,原文该句表明Nasir听到水晶球会说话感到难以置信,但下一句的but表明第6句的内容才是作者强调的内容,那才是导致Nasir没有立刻回答的原因,因此本题不能选选项C。
3.[C]【定位】第3段第1句和第2句。 -来源网络,仅供个人学习参考
【解析】原文这两句之间存在一种隐藏的因果关系,首句说Nasir总是表现得很开心,第2句说一个小男孩趁他外出放羊的时候“跟踪”他,我们可以推断这个小男孩很好奇Nasir为什么总是那么开心,由此可见,本题应选选项C。选项A是最具干扰性的。原文表明村民们都不知道Nasir高兴的原因,这样说来,他们也就不能确定Nasir藏着什么秘密,这个秘密是好的还是坏的,既然他们不能“确定”,那么选项A中的prove就无从说起了。剩下的选项B和选项D也可以同样的方式排除,那个小男孩既然不知道Nasir有一个水晶球,这两个选项就没有前提了。
4.[B]【定位】第4段倒数第2句。
【解析】从下一段第1句可以知道当村民们逐一向水晶球许愿时,Nasir一家并没有要回水晶球,也就是说他们的生活还保持像没有见到水晶球以前一样,由此可见,本题应选选项B。也因此可以排除选项D。本题还要注意选项C,虽然Nasir一家肯定看到了村民们混乱的生活,当原文没有提到他们因此而感到高兴、幸灾乐祸,因此,选项C与题干是不能构成因果关系的。 5.[A]【定位】全文。 【解析】通读全文可以知道本文通过Nasir和水晶球的故事说明了“知足者常乐”的道理,选项A正是这个意思,为本题的正确选项。本文的故事很简单,但是要正确回答本题,就要对英语谚语有所了解。选项B的意思是:只知道皮毛是一件危险的事;选项C的意思是:有利必有弊;选项D的意思是:天助自助者。 Passage7 1.[B]【定位】根据题干中的muddled定位到第2段第1、2句。 【解析】作者在第2段第2句说到等她lessmuddled的时候,就会写一个详细的description,结合上一句的主题,这里的description是指对大学的描述,可见,是因为初到学校,对学校不熟悉,使作者感到muddled,因此,本题应选选项B。选项C是最具干扰性的,该选项是第2段第1句破折号后的内容,要注意的是,在第1句中,主题应该是college,“myroom”只是附加内容,因此第2句的muddled针对的应该是college,而不是“myroom”,因此,选项C是不正确的。 2.[B]【定位】第5段第1句。 【解析】第5段第2句中的pickout表明Jerusha认为JohnSmith这个名字是收信人自己随便挑的,也就是说,她认为这个名字是假的,因此,本题应选选项B。在第5段中,关键词是pickout,Jerusha最介意的是对方随便选一个名字敷衍她,至于和对方有多熟悉,对方的名字有没有个性,都不是造成Jerusha难以尊重对方的原因。
3.[A]【定位】第7段第3句。 【解析】原文该句中的external表明Jerusha认为beingrich只是一个人很外在、表面的特点,由此可见,本题应选选项A。第6段最后一句提到Jerusha知道有关于thetrustee的三个特点,其他就难以想象了,由此可见,关于thetrustee很富有这一点,Jerusha是不需想象的,因此,选项B是不正确的;而原文也没有提到Jerusha如何得知thetrustee很富有,是从传闻而来的,还是有根有据的,原文都没有提及,因此选项D也是不正确的。选项C取自第7段第2句,但该句只表明Jerusha认为把thetrustee称为Mr.Rich-Man,对对方很insulting,她并没有认为知道对方是有钱人是一件insulting的事,因此,选项C也不正确。 4.[D]【定位】根据题干中双引号里的内容定位到倒数第2段。 【解析】原文该段第4句中的It'sveryenlivening表明Jerusha认为听着铃声安排生活使她觉得“充满活力”,由此可见,本题应选选项D。选项A提到的firehorse在该段第4句提及,第4句包含两个被分号分隔的分句,后一个分句是对前一个分句的补充说明,由此可见,firehorse还是与enlivening有关,而与busy无关,因此选项A不正确。其他两个选项缺乏原文依据,但这两个选项很可能会是某些读者对“打铃”的感觉,由此会导致误选。 5.[C]【定位】根据题干中的DearDaddy-Long-Legs定位到第7段最后3句。
【解析】第7段最后一句中的petname表明Jerusha认为DearDaddy-Long-Legs这个名字表示一种“爱”,“爱称”只有关系亲密的人之间使用,由此可见,Jerusha使用这个称呼是为了拉近距离,因此,本题应选选项C。petname通常与“尊重”关系不大,因此选项A不正确。虽然第7段提到beingrich是一种externalquality,但没有提及beingtall是external还是internal,所以选项B不正确;选项D纯属臆测,没有原文依据。 Passage8
1.[A]【定位】根据题干中的corporatemessage定位到第2段第2句。 -来源网络,仅供个人学习参考
【解析】题干中的primarily表明我们要查找传达商业信息的首选做法,第2段第2句中的or,failingthat,表明其前面提到的takeanadvertisement就是首选做法,该句提到的其他做法都是在“广告”这个途径失败后才采取的,由此可见,本题应选选项A。选项B和选项C都不是“首选”的做法,选项D没有原文依据。 2.[B]【定位】根据题干中的jargonandmarketingwaffle定位到第3段最后3句。
【解析】原文该段末句的plain,simple表明作者不采用jargonandmarketingwaffle是因为它们不够通俗易懂,由此可见,本题应选选项B。从jargon一词可能会让人联想到选项C,而waffle一词可能让人联想到选项A或选项D,但这些选项只是想象或是读者自己产生的联想,没有原文依据。记住千万不要以自己的想象代替作者的想法。
3.[D]【定位】第5段。
【解析】第5段首句表明读者想看什么,作者就写什么,可见他的写作是为了迎合读者的需求,因此本题应选选项D。虽然第4段表明在故事里使用什么语句有作者自己决定,但这不意味着他的写作是为了满足自己,可见选项A不正确;第5段第1句提到了magazine和website等与media有关的词,但句中的thus…表明这些并不是作者首要关心的东西,读者才是他最关心的,因此选项C不能选。 4.[C]【定位】倒数第2段最后一句。 【解析】原文该句可以理解为:如果某些客户认为,作者不将客户提供的材料写在故事里是因为他们没(在作者所在的杂志)做广告的话,作者是不会去访问这些客户的。也就是说,作者不希望客户因为遭到拒绝而联想到是因为他们没有做广告。因此,本题应选选项C。本题解题的关键在于理解倒数第2段最后一句,这一句含有三个否定形式,而整个句子没有借助标点符号将逐句从句分开,这是最难的。但如果我们在quotes后加一个逗号将句子稍微分割,就好理解多了。 5.[C]【定位】全文和第6段最后一句。 【解析】除了根据各段对作者的工作性质的描述外,证明作者是journalist的最直接证据是第6段的最后一句,该句提到了thosejournalists,因此本题应选选项C。文中多次提到关于advertising和interview的词句,但通读全文就会知道作者对advertisement不太在意,而interview只是作者作为journalist必须要做的工作之一,因此,选项B和选项D都是不正确的。 Passage9 1.[C]【定位】根据题干中的JamesRisser定位到首段末句。 【解析】首段末句的定语从句表达了JamesRisser对梵高自画像的看法,选项C是对这个定语从句的同义改写,为本题答案。 【点睛】第1段、第2段和第4段都提到了JamesRisser对梵高自画像的评价,但只要根据JamesRisser这个专有名词为定位工具逐一查对JamesRisser的观点,不难发现其它选项都缺乏原文依据。JamesRisser在谈论凡高自画像时,一是总体评价了凡高所有的自画像,二是单独评价了“戴草帽的自画像”,因此,选项A中的different…,选项B中的many,选项D中的most这些数量都难以证实。 2.[A]【定位】第2段。 【解析】第2段末句中的appearstobeunfinished,hastilydone等表明这幅自画像虽然已完成,但质量不高,因此选项A符合原文的说法。该段第2句表明自画像的背景多用灰色,但选项B说的是全画多用灰色,这是不符合原文的;选项C中说到“蓝色后来被擦掉了”,这在原文并无提及,原文提到了蓝色是noticeable(显而易见)的;如果根据第1段的第2句,选项D的内容是正确的,但别忘了本题针对的是第2段,与第1段无关。 3.[D]【定位】根据题干中的“anunfinishedlife”定位到第3段。
【解析】第3段虽然没有明确写到这一段是谁的观点,但是,我们要知道本文前三段和第4段第2句都是Risser的观点,由此可知,本题应选选项D。本题虽然看起来只关于一个细节,但要正确解答本题,必须理清全文结构才行。另外,不要因为第4段第2句开头的Ontheotherhand而误以为前一段的观点是与Risser观点相反的人提出的。
4.[C]【定位】根据题干中的人名RichardKendallandT.J.Shackelford定位到第4段第5句。
【解析】根据对段落结构的分析,我们可以发现,RichardKendall和T.J.Shackelford的观点是与Risser不同的,而RichardKendall和T.J.Shackelford的观点分散在第4段第4句到最后一句当中。仔细阅读这些句子,可以发现倒数第2句提到他们这一派不赞同凡高自画像与凡高的心理分析有关,由此可见,他们最不认同的应该是-来源网络,仅供个人学习参考
选项D的内容。第4段第4句明确指出了凡高自画像与凡高的绘画技术有关,可见选项A不合题意;第6局指出研究凡高自画像应以凡高赋予颜色的象征意义为基础,可见选项B不符合题意;最后一句提到了选项D的内容,可见选项D也不符合题意。 5.[B]【定位】全文最后一句。
【解析】最后一句中的layin…ratherthan…表明凡高认为将来的艺术应强调“表现力”,而非“现实主义”,结合本段其它内容可知,梵高将这种理念贯彻到了他的自画像当中,由此可见,本题应选选项B。本题的前两个选项都出自最后一句,在这一句中,narrative不用来形容梵高的艺术理念,而是一个名词,指某一篇记叙文而已;选项C是Risser的观点;选项D是art的派生词,原文提及梵高认为他的画作是为了表达艺术,而不是表达自己,重点还是“表达”二字,他要讨论的是画作的“表达形式”,而非笼统的“艺术性”,因此选项D也是不正确的。 Passage10
1.[A]【定位】根据题干中的EmperorNero定位到第2段第4句。
【解析】第2段第一句中的history是该段的主题词,该段其他句子就是为了说明风笛的历史的,因此,有关EmperorNero的故事也是为了说明风笛的历史和起源,由此可见,本题应选选项A。本段考查的是例子——观点的关系,或者说主题——细节的关系,答题时需要先理清哪个是观点/主题,哪些是例子/细节。选项B中的MinorAsia在该段第3句提到,这一句提到的内容和第4句的内容并列,是风笛的历史的两种不同的猜测,互不相干,所以选项B是不正确的;选项D的内容隐含在该段第5句中,但这一句和第4句的内容同样是互不相关的,所以选项D也不能选;选项C利用了原句的一些词语,但从原句难以推断bagpipes和fiddles存在如选项C的比较关系。 2.[C]【定位】第3段第2句。 【解析】原文该句中的第2个分句对服装的描述暗示风笛乐队表演时要穿上特定的演出服,由此可见,选项C的说法是正确的。该段最后一句表明现在风笛乐队“常常”是澳洲人,但often一词也暗示乐队并不“绝对”都是澳洲人,而且,从该段第2句我们只能知道以前乐队都有男性组成,至于是男性的苏格兰人还是澳洲人,这就不得而知了,因此,选项A是不正确的;该段第4句提及风笛发出的声音很象哈吉斯羊交配时发出的声音,但演奏风笛并不是为了模仿这种声音,因此选项B不正确;该段第3句的theymarcharound表明演奏者要扛着风笛边走边演奏,选项D中的too…tocarryaround与此信息刚好相反,因此也是不正确的说法。 3.[B]【定位】根据题干中的immoral定位到第5段第2句。 【解析】本题实际上考查原文该句中代词this的所指。this通常指后面将要提到的内容,据此我们可以知道this是与后面穿格子权的传统有关的,结合该段第1句的问题可以推断人们认为穿格子裙不穿内裤是不道德的,因此本题应选选项B。如果知道that代指前面提到过的内容,而this代指后面将提到的内容,选项A很容易可以排除;选项D是另一个具有干扰性的选项,要注意的是,虽然人们认为这个传统的规定immoral,读者可能会由此联想到privacy-violating(干涉隐私)的,但原文并没有与privacy相关的内容,因此选项D的说法应该属于过度推断,不能选。 4.[B]【定位】根据题干中的AyrshireandGalloway定位到第6段倒数第2句。 【解析】原文该句是一个长句,里面列举了多种苏格兰的上乘烹调用料,其中AyrshireandGalloway出现在句末,从cheddarfromAyrshireandGalloway可以知道这两个地方生产cheddar,而在结合前面的内容可以推断cheddar是一种cheese,由此可见,AyrshireandGalloway是专门出产cheddar奶酪的地方,因此本题应选选项B。本题最具干扰性的是选项C,选项C的内容紧跟着出现在原文AyrshireandGalloway这两个地名的后面,很容易让人误解这两个地方与thenationaldish有关,但只要我们看回该段第2句开头就知道第2句和第3句是关于不同话题的,第2句列举的是ingredients,第3句讲的是nationaldish,两者是不相关的。 5.[D]【定位】倒数第2段第1句。
【解析】原文首段介绍了8种苏格兰的传统事物,但接下来至详细的介绍4种传统事物,其原因可以从倒数第2段第1句找到。该句提到食物和威士忌是“其他”两个让苏格兰闻名于世的原因,由此可推断,之前提到的风笛和格子裙也是使苏格兰闻名于世的原因,由此可见,作者选择介绍这四种事物是因为它们都很“着名”,因此,本题应选选项D。本题考查的因果关系在原文其实没有直接或间接的提到,遇到这样的题目,答案通常是最具原文依据或内容与原文主题最相近的选项。在本题中,选项D中的famous具有原文依据,而其他三个选项都没有原文依据,即使选项D看起来与题干并没有很明显的关系,也只有选项D与原文内容最相关了。 -来源网络,仅供个人学习参考
Passage11
1.[B]【定位】第1段。
【解析】主旨题。从第1段末句和第2段首句的关系可以判断,第1段的作用是通过讲述较为有趣的感恩节传统
引出本文主题——美国家庭,然后从第2段开始,每一段说明美国家庭的一个方面,由此可见,本题应选选项B。选项A和选项C的重点都放在了“holiday”,这并非作者的写作意图。首段只是描述美国家庭如何庆祝感恩节,并没有指出家庭的重要性,因此选项D业是不正确的。
2.[A]【定位】第2段第5句。
【解析】推断题。第2段第5句指出extendedfamilies有时有几代人住在一起,而从该段对nuclearfamily的描述
可以看出nuclearfamily通常只有两代人,由此可见,选项A为本题答案。
其它选项在现实生活中也有可能出现,但它们在文中并没有讨论,没有相关细节去推断它们是否属实。 3.[D]【定位】第三段。
【解析】细节题。原文中没有细节讨论家庭成员是否应勤奋工作或学习,虽然第3段第6句提到夫妻分担家务,但这个细节是用于说明家庭成员尊重“平等”的,因此本题答案应为选项D。在第3段中,从第3句至第6句是关于尊重“平等”的(即选项A),第7句是关于尊重“隐私”的(即选项B),第10句是关于尊重“自由”的(即选项C)。 4.[B]【定位】第五段首句。 【解析】观点题。文章第五段开头作者认为仍然有“希望”解决美国人所面临的家庭问题,接着作者描述了美国方方面面为此所做的努力,故可推断作者认为问题迟早会解决。所以选项B正确。另外三个选项都与原文的观点相反。 85.[C]【定位】第六段第4句。 【解析】推断题。作者在文章最后一段指出“家人应为彼此做些特别的事”,也就是说应该彼此多关心,来巩固家庭关系。故选C。原文末段的中心内容是:作者希望每个人都能互相疼爱,使家庭气氛融洽。其它选项都只是根据该段某些句子做表面的推断,没有考虑本段的主旨,因此都不是正确的推断。 Passage12 1.[B]【定位】根据题干中的genocide定位到首段。 【解析】在首段中以when引出的状语从句里,theseextremeformsofdiscriminations指的就是前面提到的genocide和expulsion,由此可见,选项B的说法是正确的。从首段的主要句式thelevel…varied…fromgenocide…throughsegregation可以知道genocide并非一个地方,而是种族歧视的一个level,因此选项A不正确,而从该句的句式也可以知道genocide和segregation是两种不同程度的种族歧视,由此可以知道选项C不正确;原文并无提及earliestdiscrimination是什么,首段只是指出genocide是最严重的discrimination,因此选项D不正确。 2.[C]【定位】根据题干中的JewsinfeudalandearlymodernEurope定位到第2段末句。 【解析】第2段末句开头的forexample表明犹太人的遭遇是用于说明上句观点的例子,要知道犹太人受到的歧视是怎样的,只要在上句查找就行了。通过查找上一句可以知道犹太人受到的歧视属于middlemanminority,而该句中的anarrowrangeof…表明选项C为本题答案。选项A和选项B都是针对lowerclass的做法,不是对middlemanminority的做法,因此也不适用于犹太人身上,选项A不正确;选项D中的AfricanAmericans是属于lowerclass的,显然,犹太人和他们受到的歧视的形式是不相同的。 3.[D]【定位】根据题干中的AsianAmericans定位到第3段第5句。 【解析】从第2段最后两句可以知道在美国的亚裔人也属于middlemanminority,而第3段解释了决定一个族群成为哪一种少数族群的因素:资源和人口。要考虑为什么美国的亚裔人能成为middlemanminority,就要综合考虑这两个因素,而该段第5句中的主句概括了这两个因素,为本题答案。选项A中的population表明该选项过于片面,不正确;选项B和选项C都不是决定少数族群类型的因素。 4.[C]【定位】末段倒数第3句和末句。
【解析】末段倒数第3句末的leavingbehindtheirfellowethnics明确表示人口众多的少数族群会产生阶级分化,该段末句以美国黑人为例再次证实了这个观点,由此可见,选项C为本题答案。选项A中的all和选项D中的noway都过于绝对,而且选项A的说法与末段倒数第3句和末句的内容相反,而末段第6句末的-来源网络,仅供个人学习参考
theirabilitytofightoffdiscriminationislow表明他们并非完全没有能力消除歧视,选项D的说法过于绝对了;原文并无讨论进入中层阶级的难易程度,选项B没有原文依据。 5.[B]【定位】末段倒数第3句。
【解析】原文该句中由who引出的定于从句指出了一个人能进入中层阶级的条件,选项B表达了与此相同的内容,为本题答案。本题提问的是一个人进入中层阶级的决定因素,选项A是其中一个决定整个族群类型的因素,不符合题意;末段倒数第3句中的say,educationalcredentials表明选项C说明resources的一个例子,如果选择选项C就太片面了;选项D在原文并无提及。 Passage13
1.[C]【定位】第2段。
【解析】第2段第2句中的unless表明所举的例子是例外,即表明像萧伯纳和爱迪生那样没读完小学都能成功是少有的例子,因此选项C为正确的说法。第2段首句表明一定的教育程度还是必需的,所以选项A不正确;选项B是将例子提到的现象推广为普遍现象,并非作者引用例子的原意;选项D将因果倒置了,肖伯纳和爱迪生因为他们的成就而闻名,而不是先出名再成功的,选项D不符合逻辑。 2.[D]【定位】第3段末句和第4段。 【解析】从第4段的例子可以推断第3段末句提到的thelawofdiminishingreturns意为:受教育越多,收入越少。据此判断,可知选项D为正确的说法。选项A的信息点均无在原文提及;原文之对比了truckdriver和fullprofessor的收入,并没有对比他们哪个工作比较辛苦,因此选项B不正确;在大学毕业之前,收入是与受教育程度成正比的,选项D就符合这种说法,但这并不是“收益递减规律”。 3.[A]【定位】第5段首句。 【解析】第5段讨论了博士学位的价值,该段表明不能转化为工业或商业效益的博士学位是没有价值的,其中包括了该段第3句提到的几种博士,而且该句表明哲学博士的状况最为严峻,结合所有这些信息可以推断选项A为本题答案。第5段末句开头的notforourneeds表明我还是需要这些博士的,因此选项B不正确;本文没有讨论博士们怎么才算在职业上获得成功,本文只是从收入这个方面比较各个层次的教育状况,因此选项C没有原文依据;选项D与原文刚好相反,选项D说的是博士不能满足社会的要求,而原文第5段最后两句讲的是社会不需要那么多的博士,选项D虽然看起来用词语原文很相似,但意思却是完全不同的。 4.[D]【定位】末段。 【解析】原文末段表明了收入与教育程度成正比的条件,那就是:当别人可以从你所受的教育收益时,你的收入才会与教育程度成正比。该段首句中的sofar表明了这个观点在以上的段落早有提及,即第5段提到的,超出了国家的需求的教育程度就变成毫无用处,连工作都难以找到,由此可见,选项D为本题答案。选项A中的liberalarts过于概括,而原文作者基本上认为任何博士学位用处都不大,因此选项A不正确;虽然在第3段第4句表明名牌大学的MBA学位应该比大学学位收入高,因此选项B不正确;本文没有提到哪些学科属于practical,哪些属于theoretical,选项C没有原文依据。 5.[B]【定位】第3段第2句。 【解析】原文该句表明作者认为大学毕业后无需再接受更高级的教育了,显而易见,选项B为本题答案。本题最具干扰性的是选项C,原文第3段第3句也有提及作者认为大学毕业后可以考虑读硕士,但这个硕士学位是有的:必须名牌大学的MBA,由此可见,作者认为其他的硕士学位是没有必要的,选项C过于宽泛,不正确。 Passage14
1.[D]【定位】第1段第2句和第3句。
【解析】根据原文这两句建议我们不能长时间持续工作而不睡觉,反过来说,就是建议我们要时不时放下工作,补充睡眠,由此可见,选项D与原文内容一致。选项B和选项C都很具干扰性。选项B中的pressure一词在第2段首句有提及,但原文只提到我们有工作压力,而没有谈到要怎样消除,而且选项B说到的“消除工作压力”太泛泛而谈了,没有实际的原文依据;选项C看起来像是将第1段和第2段提到的内容结合了起来,看起来是最具概括力的,但其实第2段提到的overeating,drinking,smoking等都不是与fastfood直接相关的内容。 2.[B]【定位】第2段最后一句。
【解析】原文该句中的onthelightersideofwhatIreallyneed表明作者有意减少食量,以保持头脑清醒,选项B是对该句的近义改写,为本题答案。本题考查对lighterside的理解,light可以理解为“轻的、少的”,或“清淡的”,-来源网络,仅供个人学习参考
结合后面的ofwhatIreallyneed可以知道light理解为“少的”比“清淡的”更合适。 3.[A]【定位】第3段最后一句。
【解析】虽然原文该句没有明确表明这一句说的与作者的晚餐有关,但从本段前面分别提到的breakfast,lunch可以知道最后这一句应该讲到晚餐了,由此可见,选项A提到的就是作者晚餐所吃的。选项B是作者的早餐,选项C是午餐,选项D是选自倒数第3句的片断,还是属于午餐的内容。 4.[C]【定位】第4段末句和最后一段。
【解析】首段末句的vote和最后一段反复提及的union可以知道作者的组织活动与union的选举有关,倒数第2句表明这个union可以协商工资、津贴、工作条件等合同内容,由此可以推断这个union是一个laborunion(工会),因此选项C为本题答案。作者服务的对象是“工会”,而不是整个选举的委员会,因此选项A不正确;工会的领导来自医院,不等于作者也为医院工作,起码从本文当中只能知道作者是一个为union工作的organizer,这与“医院”关系不大。
5.[A]【定位】第4段第4句、第5句、第6句。 【解析】从第4句和第6句的内容可以推断MommiesandDaddies担心作者的安全,因此本题应选选项A。其它选项都与作者参与的选举活动有关,但从关键词MommiesandDaddies在文中所处的位置来看,他们的担心只与作者的自身有关,与其它选项的关系不如与选项A的关系密切。 Passage15 1.[B]【定位】根据题干中的OperationColumbus定位到第2段第1句。 【解析】原文该句and后的内容解释了为什么Ricci要将他的计划命名为OperationColumbus,他要像哥伦布发现新一样“发现一个美国的市场”,由此可见,本题应选选项B。其他三个选项中的形容词influential、adventurous和memorable都利用了人们对“哥伦布发现新”产生的联想,但原文并没有其他句子支持这三个选项的内容,而原文该句中的discoveringanAmericanreadership也不能使人联想到与这三个选项有关的内容。 2.[D]【定位】第2段第2句。 【解析】原文该句中的not…far-fetched意为“并非不可能”,由此可见,作者认为Ricci很有可能实现他的计划,这个计划是可行的,因此本题应选选项D。本题稍具干扰性的是选项A,因为其中的hopeful也表明作者认为Ricci实现计划的可能性很高,但该选项中的前半部分内容TheAmericanhistory却是没有原文依据的。作者只是单纯对Ricci实现计划的可能性做出猜测,没有设定这种可能性还要附带什么条件,像选项A中的Americanhistory和选项B中的marketingstrategy就是附带条件,都缺乏原文依据。 3.[C]【定位】第2段第5、6、7句和最后一段第2、3句。 【解析】原文第2段和最后一段相关句子中的art一词表明这本杂志是与艺术有关的,而第2段中的nomorethanfivearticles和最后一段中的toshowartthantowriteabout表明这本杂志多用图片而少用文章,结合这些内容即可确定本题应选选项C。本题虽然不是主旨题,但同样需要通读全文才能确定答案,考查对多处信息的概括归纳能力。 4.[A]【定位】第3段第3句和第4句。 【解析】第3段第3句提到FMR的样品派发给了subscribersof…magazines,第4句提到剩下的样品作为《纽约时报》的周日附刊去派发,结合这两处可以推断本题应选选项A。选项B中的periodicalsubscribers是正确的,但前面的形容词well-educated对读者范围的限定缺乏原文依据。虽然原文提到了cultural,artandbusinessmagazine和NewYorkTimes,但我们还是不能因此而确定他们的读者都是受过良好教育的。 5.[C]【定位】根据题干中的Italiancorporations定位到第3段最后两句。
【解析】第3段最后一句中的promotionalpamphlet(推广手册)里所说的句子就是Ricci用来说服意大利商人资助他的计划的方法,结合Ricci的计划名为OperationColumbus这一内容,可以推断Ricci将那些肯资助他的意大利人与资助哥伦布发现新的西班牙人相提并论,使那些肯赞助的人充满荣誉感,因此,本题应选选项C。本题最具干扰性的是选项D。原文该句中的Spanish和Italian会让人联想到不同的国籍,很容易就会误选与国籍有关的“爱国情绪”,但原文并没有明确提到将Italians和Spanishsponsor相提并论会激起意大利人的什么感情,是“荣誉感”,“爱国之情”,还是“参与创造历史的感觉”等等,我们都不得而知,唯一知道的就是将Italians和Spanishsponsor相提并论是为了说服Italians资助计划。
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