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2016全年-2017年6月份英语六级真题三套全(含答案)

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2017年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（一）

Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)

Directions:Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend a vocational college or a university, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A) He would feel insulted. B) He would feel very sad. C) He would be embarrassed. D) He would be disappointed.

2. A) They are worthy of a prize. B) They are of little value. C) They make good reading.

3. A) He seldom writes a book straight through. B) He writes several books simultaneously.

C) He draws on his real-life experiences. D) He often turns to his wife for help.

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D) They need improvement.

4. A)Writing a book is just like watching a football match. B)Writers actually work every bit as hard as footballers. C)He likes watching a football match after finishing a book. D) Unlike a football match, there is no end to writing a book.

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

5. A) Achievements of black male athletes in college.

B) Financial assistance to black athletes in college. C) High college dropout rates among black athletes. D) Undergraduate enrollments of black athletes.

6. A) They display great talent in every kind of game.

B) They are better at sports than at academic work.

C) They have difficulty finding money to complete their studies. D) They make money for the college but often fail to earn a degree.

7. A) About 15%. B) Around 40%.

C) Slightly over 50%.

8. A) Coaches lack the incentive to graduate them.

B) College degrees do not count much to them.

D) Approximately 70%.

C) They have little interest in academic work. D) Schools do not deem it a serious problem.

Section B

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Questions9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.

9. A) Marketing strategies.B) Holiday shopping. C) Shopping malls.D) Online stores.

10. A) About 50% of holiday shoppers. B) About 20-30% of holiday shoppers.

C) About 136 million. D) About 183.8 million.

11. A) They have fewer customers. B) They find it hard to survive. C) They are thriving once more. D) They appeal to elderly customers.

12. A) Better quality of consumer goods B) Higher employment and wages. C) Greater varieties of commodities. D) People having more leisure time.

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

13. A) They are new species of big insects.

B) They are overprescribed antibiotics. C) They are life-threatening diseases. D) They are antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

14. A) Antibiotics are now in short supply.

B) Many infections are no longer curable. C) Large amounts of tax money are wasted. D) Routine operations have become complex.

15. A) Facilities. B) Expertise.

C) Money. D) Publicity.

Section C

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Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

16. A) It is accessible only to the talented. B) It improves students’ ability to think.

C) It starts a lifelong learning process. D) It gives birth to many eminent scholars.

17. A) They encourage academic democracy. B) They promote globalization.

C) They uphold the presidents' authority. D) They protect students’ rights.

18. A) His thirst for knowledge.

B) His eagerness to find a job. C) His contempt for authority. D) His potential for leadership.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.

19. A) Few people know how to retrieve information properly.

B) People can enhance their memory with a few tricks. C) Most people have a rather poor long-term memory. D) People tend to underestimate their mental powers.

20. A) They present the states in a surprisingly different order.

B) They include more or less the same number of states. C) They are exactly the same as is shown in the atlas.

D) They contain names of the most familiar states.

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21. A) Focusing on what is likely to be tested.

B) Having a good sleep the night before.

C) Reviewing your lessons where the exam is to lake place. D) Making sensible decisions while choosing your answers.

22. A) Discover when you can learn best. B) Change your time of study daily. C) Give yourself a double bonus afterwards. D) Follow the example of a marathon runner. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recordingyou have just heard.

23. A) He is a politician. C) He is a sociologist.

B) He is a businessman.

D) He is a economist

24. A) In slums. B) In Africa.

C) In pre-industrial societies. D) In developing countries.

25. A) They have no access to health care, let alone entertainment or recreation. B) Their income is less than 50% of the national average family income. C) They work extra hours to have their basic needs met. D) Their children cannot afford to go to private schools.

Part Ⅲ

Section A

Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

After becoming president of Purdue University in 2013, Mitch Daniels asked the faculty to prove that their students have actually achieved one of higher education’s most important goals: critical thinking skills. Two years before, a nationwide study of college graduates had shown that more than a third

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hadmade no (26)_______ gains in such mental abilities during their school years. Mr. Daniels needed to(27)_______ the high cost of attending Purdue to its students and their families. After all, the percentageof Americans who say a college degree is “very important” has fallen (28)_______ in the last 5-6 years.

Purdue now has a pilot test to assess students’ critical thinking skills. Yet like many college teachersaround the U.S., the faculty remain (29)_______ that their work as educators can be measured by a“learning (30)_______ ” such as a graduate’s ability to investigate and reason. However, the professorsneed not worry so much. The results of a recent experiment showed that professors can use (31)_______ metrics to measure how well students do in three key areas: critical thinking, written communication, and quantitative literacy.

Despite the success of the experiment, the actual results are worrisome, and mostly (32)_______ earlier studies. The organizers of the experiment concluded that far fewer students were achieving at high levels on critical thinking than they were doing for written communication or quantitative literacy. And that conclusion is based only on students nearing graduation.

American universities, despite their global (33)_______

for excellence in teaching, have only

begunto demonstrate what they can produce in real-world learning. Knowledge-based degrees are still important,but employers are (34)_______ advanced thinking skills from college graduates. If the intellectual worthof a college degree can be (35)_______ measured, more people will seek higher education—and comeout better thinkers. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A) accurately F) justify K) reputation

B) confirm G) monopolized L) significant C) demanding H) outcome M) signify D) doubtful I) predominance N) simultaneously E) drastically J) presuming O) standardized Section B

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letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

The Price of Oil and the Price of Carbon

[A]Fossil fuel prices are likely to stay “low for long.” Notwithstanding important recent progress in developing renewable fuel sources, low fossil fuel prices could discourage further innovation in, and adoption of, cleaner energy technologies. The result would be higher emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

[B]Policymakers should not allow low energy prices to derail the clean energy transition. Action to restore appropriate price incentives, notably through corrective carbon pricing, is urgently needed to lower the risk of irreversible and potentially devastating effects of climate change. That approach also offers fiscal benefits.

[C]Oil prices have dropped by over 60% since June 2014. A commonly held view in the oil industry is that “the best cure for low oil prices is low oil prices.” The reasoning behind this saying is that low oil prices discourage investment in new production capacity, eventually shifting the oil supply curve backward and bringing prices back up as existing oil fields一which can be tapped at relatively low marginal cost—are depleted. In fact, in line with past experience capital expenditure in the oil sector has dropped sharply in many producing countries, including the United States. The dynamic adjustment to low oil prices may, however, be different this time around.

[D]Oil prices are expected to remain lower for longer. The advent of new technologies has added about 4.2 million barrels per day to the crude oil market, contributing to a global over-supply. In addition, other factors are putting downward pressure on oil prices: change in the strategies behavior of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the projected increase in Iranian exports, the scaling- down of global demand (especially from emerging markets), the long-term drop in petroleum consumption in the United States, and some displacement of oil by substitutes. These likely persistent forces, like the growth of shale (页岩）oil, point to a “low for long” scenario. Futures markets, which show only a modest recovery of prices to around $60 a barrel by 2019, support this view.

[E]Natural gas and coal—alsofossil fuels—have similarly seen price declines that look to be long-lived. Coal and natural gas are mainly used for electricity generation, whereas oil is used mostly to power transportation, yet the prices of all these energy sources are linked. The North American shale gas boom has resulted in record low prices there. The recent discovery of the giant Zohr gas field off the Egyptian coast will eventually have impact on pricing in the Mediterranean region and Europe, and there

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is significant development potential in many other places, notably Argentina. Coal prices also are low, owing to over-supply and the scaling-down of demand, especially from China, which bums half of the world’s coal.

[F]Technological innovations have unleashed the power of renewables such as wind, hydro, solar, and geothermal (地热).Even Africa and the Middle East，home to economies that are heavily dependent on fossil fuel exports, have enormous potential to develop renewables. For example, the United Arab Emirates has endorsed an ambitious target to draw 24% of its primary energy consumption from renewable sources by 2021.

[G]Progress in the development of renewables could be fragile, however, if fossil fuel prices remain low for long. Renewables account for only a small share of global primary energy consumption, which is still dominated by fossil fuels—30% each for coal and oil, 25% for natural gas. But renewable energy will have to displace fossil fuels to a much greater extent in the future to avoid unacceptable climate risks.

[H]Unfortunately, the current low prices for oil, gas, and coal may provide little incentive for research to find even cheaper substitutes for those fuels. There is strong evidence that both innovation and adoption of cleaner technology are strongly encouraged by higher fossil fuel prices. The same is true for new technologies for alleviating fossil fuel emissions.

[I]The current low fossil fuel price environment will thus certainly delay the energy transition from fossil fuel to clean energy sources. Unless renewables become cheap enough that substantial carbon deposits are left underground for a very long time, if not forever, the planet will like be exposed to potentially catastrophic climate risks.

[J]Some climate impacts may already be discernible. For example, the United Nations Children Fund estimates that some 11 million children in Africa face hunger, disease, and water shortage as a result of the strongest El Nino (厄尔尼诺）weather phenomenon in decades. Many scientists believe that El Nino events, caused by warming in the Pacific，are becoming more intense as a result of climate change.

[K]Nations from around the world have gathered in Paris for the United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP 21, with the goal of a universal and potentially legally-binding agreement reducing greenhouse gas emissions. We need very broad participation to fully address global tragedy that results when countries fail to take into account the negative impact of their carbon emissions on the rest of the world. Moreover, non-participation by nations, if sufficiently widespread, can undermine the political will of participating countries to act.

[L]The nations participating at COP 21 are focusing on quantitative emissions-reduction commitments. Economic reasoning shows that the least expensive way for each country is to put a price

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on carbon emissions. The reason is that when carbon is priced, those emissions reductions that are least costly to implement will happen first. The International Monetary Fund calculates that countries can generate substantial fiscal revenues by eliminating fossil fuel subsidies and levying carbon charges that capture the domestic damage caused by emissions. A tax on upstream carbon sources is one easy way to put a price on carbon emissions, although some countries may wish to use other methods, such as emissions trading schemes. In order to maximize global welfare, every country’s carbon pricing should reflect not only the purely domestic damage from emissions, but also the damage to foreign countries.

[M]Setting the right carbon price will therefore efficiently align the costs paid by carbon users with the true social opportunity cost of using carbon. By raising relative demand for clean energy sources，a carbon price would also help align the market return to clean-energy innovation with its social return, spurring the refinement of existing technologies and the development of new ones. And it would raise the demand for technologies such as carbon capture and storage, spurring their further development. If not corrected by the appropriate carbon price, low fossil fuel prices are not accurately signaling to markets the true social profitability of clean energy. While alternative estimates of the damage from carbon emissions differ, and it’s especially hard to reckon the likely costs of possible catastrophic climate events, most estimates suggest substantial negative effects.

[N]Direct subsidies to research and development have been adopted by some governments but are a poor substitute for a carbon price; they do only part of the job, leaving in place market incentives to over-use fossil fuels and thereby add to the stock of atmospheric greenhouse gases without regard to the collateral (附带的）costs.

[O]The hope is that the success of COP 21 opens the door to future international agreement on carbon prices. Agreement on an international carbon-price floor would be a good starting point in that process. Failure to address comprehensively the problem of greenhouse gas emissions, however, exposes all generations, present and future, to incalculable risks. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

36.A number of factors are driving down the global oil prices not just for now but in the foreseeable

future.

37. Pricing carbon proves the most economical way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

38. It is estimated that extreme weather conditions have endangered the lives of millions of African

children.

39. The prices of coal are low as a result of over-supply and decreasing demand.

40. Higher fossil fuel prices prove to be conducive to innovation and application of cleaner technology.

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41. If fossil fuel prices remain low for a long time, it may lead to higher emissions of greenhouse gases. 42. Fossil fuels remain the major source of primary energy consumption in today's world. 43. Even major fossil fuel exporting countries have great potential to develop renewable energies. 44. Greenhouse gas emissions, if not properly dealt with, will pose endless risks for mankind.

45. It is urgent for governments to increase the cost of using fossil fuels to an appropriate level to lessen

the catastrophic effects of climate change.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Open data sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, most are reluctant to post the results of their own labors online.

Some communities have agreed to share online—geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository (库)，and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects—but these remain the exception, not the rule. Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.

But the barriers are disappearing, in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to “shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as a private preserve”. Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared digitally in ways that were not possible

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before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discover and cite them.

Although calls to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely altruistic (利他的).Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved visibility and increased citations. The most successful sharers— those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often—get noticed, and their work gets used. For example, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been downloaded 5,700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of timber. “I’d much prefer to have my data used by the maximum number of people to ask their own questions,” she says. “It，s important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be reproducible.”

Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding confusion later on.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 What do many researchers generally accept? 46.A) It is imperative to protect scientists’ patents. B) Repositories are essential to scientific research. C) Open data sharing is most important to medical science. D) Open data sharing is conducive to scientific advancement.

47.What is the attitude of most researchers towards making their own data public?

A) Opposed.

B) Ambiguous.

C) Liberal. D) Neutral.

48.According to the passage，what might hinder open data sharing? A) The fear of massive copying. B) The lack of a research culture.

C) The belief that research data is private intellectual property.

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D) The concern that certain agencies may make a profit out of it.

49.What helps lift some of the barriers to open data sharing?

A) The ever-growing demand for big data. B) The advancement of digital technology. C) The changing attitude of journals and funders.

50.Dryad serves as an example to show how open data sharing_______. A) is becoming increasingly popular B) benefits sharers and users alike C) makes researchers successful D) saves both money and labor

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Macy’s reported its sales plunged 5.2% in November and December at stores open more than a year, a disappointing holiday season performance that capped a difficult year for a department store chain facing wide-ranging challenges. Its flagship stores in major U.S. cities depend heavily on international tourist spending, which shrank at many retailers due to a strong dollar. Meanwhile, Macy’s has simply struggled to lure consumers who are more interested in spending on travel or dining out than on new clothes or accessories.

The company blamed much of the poor performance in November and December on unseasonably warm weather. “About 80% of our company’s year-over-year declines in comparable sales can be attributed to shortfalls (短缺）in cold-weather goods，” said chief executive Terry Lundgren in a press release. This prompted the company to cut its forecasts for the full fourth quarter.

However, it’s clear that Macy’s believes its troubles run deeper than a temporary aberration (偏离）off the thermometer. The retail giant said the poor financial performance this year has pushed it to begin implementing $400 million in cost-cutting measures. The company pledged to cut 600 back-office positions, though some 150 workers in those roles would be reassigned to other jobs. It also pluns to offer “voluntary separation” packages to 165 senior executives. It will slash staffing at its fleet of 770 stores, a move affecting some 3,000 employees.

The retailer also announced the locations of 36 stores it will close in early 2016. The company had previously announced the planned closures, but had not said which locations would be affected. None of the chain’s stores in the Washington metropolitan area are to be closed.

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D) The trend of social and economic development.

Macy’s has been moving aggressively to try to remake itself for a new era of shopping. It has plans to open more locations of Macy’s Backstage, a newly-developed off-price concept which might help it better compete with ambitious T.J. Maxx. It’s also pushing ahead in 2016 with an expansion of Bluemercury, the beauty chain it bought last year. At a time when young beauty shoppers are often turning to Sephora or Ulta instead of department store beauty counters, Macy’s hopes Bluemercury will help strengthen its position in the category.

One relative bright spot for Macy’s during the holiday season was the online channel, where rang up “double-digit” increases in sales and a 25% increase in the number of orders it filled. That relative strength

would be consistent with what was seen in the wider retail industry during early part of the holiday season. While Thanksgiving, Black Friday and Cyber Monday all saw record spending online, in-store sales plunged over the holiday weekend. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

51. What does the author say about the shrinking spending of international tourists in the U.S.? A) It is attributable to the rising value of the U.S. dollar. B) It is a direct result of the global economic recession. C) It reflects a shift of their interest in consumer goods. D) It poses a potential threat to the retail business in the U.S.

52. What does Macy’s believe about its problems? A) They can be solved with better management. B) They cannot be attributed to weather only. C) They are not as serious in its online stores. D) They call for increased investments.

53. In order to cut costs, Macy’s decided to_______. A) cut the salary of senior executives B) relocate some of its chain stores C) adjust its promotion strategies D) reduce the size of its staff

54. Why does Macy’s plan to expand Bluemercury in 2016?

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A) To experiment on its new business concept. B) To focus more on beauty products than clothing. C) To promote sales of its products by lowering prices. D) To be more competitive in sales of beauty products.

55. What can we learn about Macy’s during the holiday season? A) Sales dropped sharply in its physical stores. B) Its retail sales exceeded those of T.J. Maxx.

C) It helped Bluemercury establish its position worldwide. D) It filled its stores with abundant supply of merchandise.

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

明朝统治中国276年，被人们描绘成人类历史上治理有序、社会稳定的最伟大的时代之一。这一时期，手工业的发展促进了市场经济和城市化。大量商品，包括酒和丝绸，都在市场销售。同时，还进口许多外国商品，如时钟和烟草。北京、南京、扬州、苏州这样的大商业中心相继形成。也是在明代，由郑和率领的船队曾到印度洋进行了七次规模探险航行。还值得一提的是，中国文学的四大经典名著中有三部写于明代。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

快速对答案

1 A 26 L 51 A 2 B 3 A 4 D 29 D 54 D 5 C 6 D 7 C 32 B 8 A 9 B 10 D 35 A 11 C 12 B 13 D 38 J 14 15 D A 16 B 41 A 17 18 A A 19 D 44 O 20 21 B C 22 A 47 A 23 24 C D 25 B 50 B 27 28 F E 30 31 H O 33 34 K C 36 37 D L 39 40 E H 42 43 G F 45 46 B D 48 49 C C 52 53 B D 55 A

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2017年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（二）

Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)

Directions:Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to major in science or humanities at college， write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1.

A) Doing enjoyable work.

B) Earning a competitive salary.

C) Having friendly colleagues. D) Working for supportive bosses.

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2. A) 20%.

B) 25%.

3. A) Those full of skilled workers.

B) Those that are well managed.

4. A) They can win recognition of their work.

B) They can better balance work and life. C) They can hop from job to job easily.

D) They can take on more than one job.

C)31%. D) 73%.

C) Those run by women. D) Those of a small size.

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5. A) It is a collection of photos. B) It is an introduction to music. C) It is about the city of Bruges. D) It is a book of European history.

6.A) When writing about Belgium’s coastal regions. B) When taking pictures for a concert catalogue. C) When vacationing in an Italian coastal city. D) When painting the concert hall of Bruges.

7.A) The rich heritage of Europe will be lost completely. B)The seawater of Europe will be seriously polluted. C) The entire European coastline will be submerged. D)The major European scenic spots will disappear.

8.A) Tourists use wooden paths to reach their hotels in the morning. B)It attracts large numbers of tourists from home and abroad. C) People cannot get around without using boats. D)Its waterways are being increasingly polluted.

Section B

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Questions9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.

9.A) They try hard to avoid getting off on the wrong foot. B)They spend too much time anticipating their defeat. C) They take too many irrelevant factors into account. D) They make careful preparations beforehand.

10.A) Mental images often interfere with athletes’ performance. B)Golfers usually have positive mental images of themselves. C) Thinking has the same effect on the nervous system as doing. D) A person’s nervous system is more complicated than imagined.

11.A) Anticipate possible problems. B) Make a list of do’s and don’ts. C) Try to appear more professional. D) Picture themselves succeeding.

12.A) She won her first jury trial. B) She wore a designer dress. C) She presented moving pictures.

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. 13.A) It enables patients with diabetes to recover sooner. B)Its health benefits have been overestimated. C) Its long-term effects are yet to be proved. D) It helps people to avoid developing breast cancer.

14.A) It tracked their eating habits since their adolescence. B)It focused on their difference from men in fiber intake. C) It tracked their change in food preferences for 20 years.

D) She did not speak loud enough.

D) It focused on their ways of life during young adulthood.

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15.A) Fiber may bring more benefits to women than men. B)Fiber may improve the function of heart muscles. C) Fiber may make blood circulation more smooth. D) Fiber may help to reduce hormones in the body.

Section C

Questions 16 to18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 16.A) Investigating the impact of media on government. B)Studying the hazards of young people drinking. C) Conducting research on consumer behaviour. D) Observing the changes in marketing.

17.A) It is a chief concern of parents. B) It is an act of socialising. C) It is the cause of many street riots.

18.A) They researched the impact of mobile phones on young people. B)They spent a week studying their own purchasing behaviour. C) They conducted a thorough research on advertising. D) They analysed their family budgets over the years.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.

19. A) It is likely to give up paper money in the near future.

B) It is the first country to use credit cards in the world. C) It is trying hard to do away with dirty money. D) It is helping its banks to improve efficiency.

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D) It is getting worse year by year.

20. A) Whether it is possible to travel without carrying any physical currency. B)Whether it is possible to predict how much money one is going to spend. C) Whether the absence of physical currency is going to affect everyday life. D) Whether the absence of physical currency causes a person to spend more.

21.A) The cash in her handbag was missing.

B) The service on the train was not good.

C) The restaurant car accepted cash only. D) There was no food service on the train.

22.A) By drawing money week by week. B) By putting money into envelopes. C) By limiting their day-to-day spending.

D) By refusing to buy anything on credit.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recordingyou have just heard.

23. A) Population explosion. B) Extinction of rare species. C) Chronic hunger.

24. A) About half of them are unintended. B) They contribute to overpopulation. C) They have been brought under control.

25. A) It is beginning to attract postgraduates’ attention. B) It is neglected in many of the developing countries. C) It is becoming a subject of interdisciplinary research. D) It is essential to the wellbeing of all species on earth.

D) The majority of them tend to end halfway.

D) Environmental deterioration.

Part Ⅲ

Section A

Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage

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through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

Let’s all stop judging people who talk to themselves. New research says that those who can’t seem to keep their inner monologues (独白）in are actually more likely to stay on task, remain (26)_______betterand show improved perception capabilities. Not bad, really, for some extra muttering.

According to a series of experiments published in the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology by professors Gary Lupyan and Daniel Swignley, the act of using verbal clues to (27)_______mentalpictures helps people function quicker.

In one experiment, they showed pictures of various objects to twenty (28)_______;andasked them to find just one of those, a banana. Half were (29)_______to repeat out loud what they were looking forand the other half kept their lips (30)_______Those who talked to themselves found the banana slightlyfaster than those who didn’t, the researchers say. In other experiments, Lupyan and Swignley found that(31)_______the name of a common product when on the hunt for it helped quicken someone’s pace，buttalking about uncommon items showed no advantage and slowed you down.

Common research has long held that talking themselves through a task helps children learn, although doing so when you’ve (32)_______matured is not a great sign of (33)_______. The two professors hope to refute that idea, (34)_______that just as when kids walk themselves through a process, adults canbenefit from using language not just to communicate, but also to help “augment thinking”.

Of course, you are still encouraged to keep the talking at library tones and, whatever you do, keep theinformation you share simple, like a grocery list. At any (35)_______，there’s still such a thing as too much information.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A) apparently B) arrogance F) focused K) spectators

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C) brilliance H) instructed M) uttering D) claiming I) obscurely N) volume E) dedicated J) sealed 0) volunteers G) incur L) trigger Section B

Rich Children and Poor Ones Are Raised Very Differently

[A]The lives of children from rich and poor American families look more different than ever before. [B]Well-off families are ruled by calendars, with children enrolled in ballet, soccer and after-school programs, according to a new Pew Research Center survey. There are usually two parents, who spend a lot of time reading to children and worrying about their anxiety levels and hectic schedules.

[C]In poor families, meanwhile, children tend to spend their time at home or with extended family. They are more likely to grow up in neighborhoods that their parents say aren’t great for raising children, and their parents worry about them getting shot, beaten up or in trouble with the law.

[D]The class differences in child rearing are growing — a symptom of widening inequality with far- reaching consequences. Different upbringings set children on different paths and can deepen socioeconomic divisions, especially because education is strongly linked to earnings. Children grow up learning the skills to succeed in their socioeconomic stratum (阶层)，but not necessarily others.

[E]“Early childhood experiences can be very consequential for children’s long-term social, emotional and cognitive development,’’said Sean Reardon, professor of poverty and inequality in education at Stanford University. “And because those influence educational success and later earnings, early childhood experiences cast a lifelong shadow.” The cycle continues: Poor parents have less time and fewer resources to invest in their children, which can leave children less prepared for school and work, which leads to lower earnings.

[F]American parents want similar things for their children, the Pew report and past research have found: for them to be healthy and happy, honest and ethical, caring and compassionate. There is no best parenting style or philosophy, researchers say, and across income groups, 92% of parents say they are doing a good job at raising their children. Yet they are doing it quite differently. Middle-class and higher-income parents see their children as projects in need of careful cultivation, says Annette Lareau, whose groundbreaking research on the topic was published in her book Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race

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and Family Life. They try to develop their skills through close supervision and organized activities, and teach children to question authority figures and navigate elite institutions.

[G]Working-class parents, meanwhile, believe their children will naturally thrive, and give them far greater independence and time for free play. They are taught to be compliant and respectful to adults. There are benefits to both approaches. Working-class children are happier, more independent, complain less and are closer to family members, Ms. Lareau found. Higher-income children are more likely to declare boredom and expect their parents to solve their problems. Yet later on, the more affluent children end up in college and on the way to the middle class, while working-class children tend to struggle. Children from higher-income families are likely to have the skills to navigate bureaucracies and succeed in schools and workplaces, Ms. Lareau said.

[H]“Do all parents want the most success for their children? Absolutely,” she said. “Do some strategies give children more advantages than others in institutions? Probably they do. Will parents be damaging children if they have one fewer organized activity? No, I really doubt it.”

[I]Social scientists say the differences arise in part because low-income parents have less money to spend on music class or preschool, and less flexible schedules to take children to museums or attend school events. Extracurricular activities reflect the differences in child rearing in the Pew survey, which was of a nationally representative sample of 1,807 parents. Of families earning more that $75,000 a year, 84% say their children have participated in organized sports over the past year, % have done volunteer work and 62% have taken lessons in music, dance or art. Of families earning less than $30,000, 59% of children have done sports, 37% have volunteered and 41% have taken arts classes.

[J]Especially in affluent families, children start young. Nearly half of high-earning, college-graduate parents enrolled their children in arts classes before they were 5, compared with one.fifth of low- income, less-educated parents. Nonetheless, 20% of well-off parents say their children’s schedules are too hectic, compared with 8% of poorer parents.

[K]Another example is reading aloud, which studies have shown gives children bigger vocabularies and better reading comprehension in school. 71% of parents with a college degree say they do it every day, compared with 33% of those with a high school diploma or less. White parents are more likely than other to read to their children daily, as are married parents. Most affluent parents enroll their children in preschool or day care, while low-income parents are more likely to depend on family members. Discipline techniques vary by education level: 8% of those with a postgraduate degree say they often beat their children, compared with 22% of those with a high school degree or less.

[L]The survey also probed attitudes and anxieties. Interestingly, parents’ attitudes toward education

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do not seem to reflect their own educational background as much as a belief in the importance of education for upward mobility. Most American parents say they are not concerned about their children’s grades as long as they work hard. But 50% of poor parents say it is extremely important to them that their children earn a college degree, compared with 39% of wealthier parents. f

[M]Less-educated parents, and poorer and black and Latino parents are more likely to believe that there is no such thing as too much involvement in a child’s education. Parents who are white, wealthy or college-educated say too much involvement can be bad. Parental anxieties reflect their circumstances. High-earning parents are much more likely to say they live in a good neighborhood for raising children. While bullying is parents’ greatest concern over all, nearly half of low-income parents worry their child will get shot, compared with one-fifth of high-income parents. They are more worried about their children being depressed or anxious.

[N]In the Pew survey, middle-class families earning between $30,000 and $75,000 a year fell right between working-class and high-earning parents on issues like the quality of their neighborhood for raising children, participation in extracurricular activities and involvement in their children’s education.

[O]Children were not always raised so differently. The achievement gap between children from high- and low-income families is 30-40% larger among children born in 2001 than those born 25 years earlier, according to Mr. Reardon’s research. People used to live near people of different income levels; neighborhoods are now more segregated by income. More than a quarter of children live in singleparent households — a historic high, according to Pew — and these children are three times as likely to live in poverty as those who live with married parents. Meanwhile, growing income inequality has coincided with the increasing importance of a college degree for earning a middle-class wage.

[P]Yet there are recent signs that the gap could be starting to shrink. In the past decade, even as income inequality has grown, some of the socioeconomic differences in parenting, like reading to children and going to libraries, have narrowed.

[Q] Public policies aimed at young children have helped, including public preschool programs and reading initiatives. Addressing differences in the earliest years, it seems, could reduce inequality in the next, generation.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

36.Working-class parents teach their children to be obedient and show respect to adults.

37.American parents, whether rich or poor, have similar expectations of their children despite different

ways of parenting.

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38.While rich parents are more concerned with their children’s psychological well-being, poor parents

are more worried about their children’s safety.

39.The increasing differences in child rearing between rich and poor families reflect growing social

inequality.

40.Parenting approaches of working-class and affluent families both have advantages.

41.Higher-income families and working-class families now tend to live in different neighborhoods. 42.Physical punishment is used much less by well-educated parents.

43.Ms. Lareau doesn’t believe participating in fewer after-class activities will negatively affect children’s

development.

44.Wealthy parents are concerned about their children’s mental health and busy schedules. 45.Some socioeconomic differences in child rearing have shrunk in the past ten years.

Section C

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Tennessee’s technical and community colleges will not outsource (夕卜包）management of their facilities to a private company, a decision one leader said was bolstered by an analysis of spending at each campus.

In an email sent Monday to college presidents in the Tennessee Board of Regents system, outgoing Chancellor John Morgan said an internal analysis showed that each campus’ spending on facilities management fell well below the industry standards identified by the state. Morgan said those findings — which included data from the system’s 13 community colleges, 27 technical colleges and six universities 一 were part of the decision not to move forward with Governor Bill Haslam’s proposal to privatize management of state buildings in an effort to save money.

“While these numbers are still being validated by the state, we feel any adjustments they might suggest will be immaterial,” Morgan wrote to the presidents. “System institutions are operating very efficiently based on this analysis, raising the question of the value of pursuing a broad scale outsourcing initiative.”

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Workers，advocates have criticized Haslam’s plan, saying it would mean some campus workers would lose their jobs or benefits. Haslam has said colleges would be free to opt in or out of the outsourcing plan, which has not been finalized.

Morgan notified the Haslam administration of his decision to opt out in a letter sent last week. That letter, which includes several concerns Morgan has with the plan, was originally obtained by The Commercial Appeal in Memphis.

In an email statement from the state’s Office of Customer Focused Government, which is examining the possibility of outsourcing, spokeswoman Michelle R. Martin said officials were still working to analyze the data from the Board of Regents. Data on management expenses at the college system and in other state departments will be part of a “business justification” the state will use as officials deliberate the specifics of an outsourcing plan.

“The state’s facilities management project team is still in the process of developing its business justification and expects to have that completed and available to the public at the end of February,Martin said. “At this time there is nothing to take action on since the analysis has yet to be completed.”

Morgan’s comments on outsourcing mark the second time this month that he has come out against one of Haslam’s plans for higher education in Tennessee. Morgan said last week that he would retire at the end of January because of the governor’s proposal to split off six universities of the Board of Regents system and create separate governing boards for each of them. In his resignation letter, Morgan called the reorganization “unworkable.”

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46.What do we learn about the decision of technical and community colleges in Tennessee? A) It is backed by a campus spending analysis. B) It has been flatly rejected by the governor. C) It has neglected their faculty’s demands.

47.What does the campus spending analysis reveal? A) Private companies play a big role in campus management. B) Facilities management by colleges is more cost-effective. C) Facilities management has greatly improved in recent years. D) Colleges exercise full control over their own financial affairs.

48.Worker’ supporters argue that Bill Haslam’s proposal would_______.

D) It will improve their financial situation.

A) deprive colleges of the right to manage their facilities

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B) make workers less motivated in performing duties C) render a number of campus workers jobless D) lead to the privatization of campus facilities

49.What do we learn from the state spokeswoman’s response to John Morgan’s decision? A) The outsourcing plan is not yet finalized. B) The outsourcing plan will be implemented.

C) The state officials are confident about the outsourcing plan. D) The college spending analysis justifies the outsourcing plan.

50.Why did John Morgan decide to resign?

A) He had lost confidence in the Tennessee state government. B) He disagreed with the governor on higher education policies. C) He thought the state’s outsourcing proposal was simply unworkable. D) He opposed the governor’s plan to reconstruct the college board system. Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Beginning in the late sixteenth century, it became fashionable for young aristocrats to visit Paris, Venice, Florence, and above all, Rome, as the culmination (终极）of their classical education. Thus was born the idea of the Grand Tour, a practice which introduced Englishmen, Germans, Scandinavians, and also Americans to the art and culture of France and Italy for the next 300 years. Travel was arduous and costly throughout the period, possible only for a privileged class — the same that produced gentlemen scientists, authors, antique experts, and patrons of the arts.

The Grand Tourist was typically a young man with a thorough grounding in Greek and Latin literature as well as some leisure time, some means, and some interest in art. The German traveler Johann Winckelmann pioneered the field of art history with his comprehensive study of Greek and Roman sculpture; he was portrayed by his friend Anton Raphael Mengs at the beginning of his long residence in Rome. Most Grand Tourists, however, stayed for briefer periods and set out with less scholarly intentions, accompanied by a teacher or guardian, and expected to return home with souvenirs of their travels as well as an understanding of art and architecture formed by exposure to great masterpieces.

London was a frequent staring point for Grand Tourists, and Paris a compulsory destination; many

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traveled to the Netherlands, some to Switzerland and Germany, and a very few adventurers to Spain, Greece, or Turkey. The essential place to visit, however, was Italy. The British traveler Charles Thompson spoke for many Grand Tourists when in 1744 he described himself as “being impatiently desirous of viewing a country so famous in history, a country which once gave laws to the world, and which is at present the greatest school of music and painting, contains the noblest productions of sculpture and architecture, and is filled with cabinets of rarities, and collections of all kinds of historical relics.” Within Italy, the great focus was Rome, whose ancient ruins and more recent achievements were shown to every Grand Tourist. Panini’s Ancient Rome and Modem Rome represent the sights most prized, including celebrated Greco-Roman statues and views of famous ruins, fountains, and churches. Since there were few museums anywhere in Europe before the close of the eighteenth century, Grand Tourists often saw paintings and sculptures by gaining admission to private collections, and many were eager to acquire examples of Greco-Roman and Italian art for their own collections. In England, where architecture was increasingly seen as an aristocratic pursuit, noblemen often applied what they learned from the villas of Palladio in the Veneto and the evocative (唤起回忆的）ruins of Rome to their own country houses and gardens.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 51. What is said about the Grand Tour?

A)It was fashionable among young people of the time. B)It was unaffordable for ordinary people. C)It produced some famous European artists. D)It made a compulsory part of college education.

52.What did Grand Tourists have in common? A)They had much geographic knowledge. B)They were courageous and venturesome.

C)They were versed in literature and interested in art. D)They had enough travel and outdoor-life experience.

53.How did Grand Tourists benefit from their travel?

A)They found inspiration in the world’s greatest masterpieces. B)They got a better understanding of early human civilization. C)They developed an interest in the origin of modem art forms.

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D)They gained some knowledge of classical art and architecture.

54.Why did many Grand Tourists visit the private collections? A)They could buy unique souvenirs there to take back home. B)Europe hardly had any museums before the 19th century. C)They found the antiques there more valuable. D)Private collections were of greater variety.

55.How did the Grand Tour influence the architecture in England? A)There appeared more and more Roman-style buildings. B)Many aristocrats began to move into Roman-style villas. C)Aristocrats’ country houses all had Roman-style gardens. D)Italian architects were hired to design houses and gardens.

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

宋朝始于960年，一直延续到1279年。这一时期，中国经济大幅增长，成为世界上最先进的经济体，科学、技术、哲学和数学蓬勃发展。宋代中国是世界历史上首先发行纸币的国家。宋朝还最早使用火药并发明了适室（movable-type)印刷。人口增长迅速，越来越多的人住进城市，那里有热闹的娱乐场所。社会生活多种多样。人们聚集在一起观看和交易珍贵艺术品。宋朝的体制在当时也是先进的。均通过竞争性考试选拔作用。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

快速对答案

1 C 26 2 A 3 D 4 B 29 5 A 6 B 7 C 32 8 A 9 B 10 C 35 11 D 12 A 13 D 38 14 15 A D 16 C 41 17 18 B B 19 A 44 20 21 C C 22 A 47 23 24 C A 25 D 50 27 28 30 31 33 34 36 37 39 40 42 43 45 46 48 49

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F 51 B L O H 54 B J M A C D N G F M D G O K H B P A B C A D 52 53 C D 55 A

2017年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三）

Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)

Directions:Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend college at home or abroad, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

说明：2017年6月大学英语六级考试全国共考了两套听力.本套的听力内容与第二套相同，因此本套听力部分不再重复给出。

Part Ⅲ

Section A

Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

Half of your brain stays alert and prepared for danger when you sleep in a new place, a study hasrevealed. This phenomenon is often (26)_______to as the “first-night-effect”. Researchers from BrownUniversity found that a network in the left hemisphere of the brain “remained more active” than the network in the right side of the brain. Playing sounds into the right ears (stimulating the left hemisphere) of (27)_______ was more likely to wake them up than if the noises were played into their

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left ears.

It was (28)_______ observed that the left side of the brain was more active during deep sleep. Whenthe researchers repeated the laboratory experiment on the second and third nights they found the left hemisphere could not be stimulated in the same way during deep sleep. The researchers explained thatthe study demonstrated when we are in a (29)_______ environment the brain partly remains alert so thathumans can defend themselves against any (30) _______ danger.

The researchers believe this is the first time that the “first-night-effect” of different brain stateshas been (31)_______ in humans. It isn’t, however, the first time it has ever been seen. Some animal(32)_______ also display this phenomenon. For example, dolphins, as well as other (33)_______ animals, shut down one hemisphere of the brain when they go to sleep. A previous study noted thatdolphins always (34)_______ control their breathing. Without keeping the brain active while sleeping,they would probably drown. But, as the human study suggests, another reason for dolphins keepingtheir eyes open during sleep is that they can look out for (35) _______ while asleep. It also keeps theirphysiological processes working. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A) classified F) inherent K) referred

B) consciously G) marine L) species C) dramatically H) novel M) specifically D) exotic I) potential N) varieties E) identified J) predators O) volunteers Section B

Elite Math Competitions Struggle to Diversify Their Talent Pool

[A]Interest in elite high school math competitions has grown in recent years, and in light of last summer’s U.S. win at the International Math Olympiad (IMO)-the first for an American team in more

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than two decades-the trend is likely to continue.

[B]But will such contests, which are overwhelmingly dominated by Asian and white students from middle- class and affluent families, become any more diverse? Many social and cultural factors play roles in determining which promising students get on the path toward international math recognition. But efforts are in place to expose more black, Hispanic, and low-income students to advanced math, in the hope that the demographic pool of high-level contenders will eventually begin to shift and become less exclusive.

[C]“The challenge is if certain types of people are doing something, it’s difficult for other people to break into it，” said Po-Shen Loh, the head coach of last year’s winning U.S. Math Olympiad team. Participation grows through friends and networks and if “you realize that’s how they’re growing, you can start to take action” and bring in other students, he said.

[D]Most of the training for advanced-math competitions happens outside the confines of the normal school day. Students attend after-school clubs, summer camps, online forums and classes, and university-based “math circles,” to prepare for the competitions.

[E]One of the largest feeders for high school math competitions一including those that eventually lead to the IMO—is a middle school program called MathCounts. About 100,000 students around the country participate in the program’s competition series, which culminates in a national game-show-style contest held each May. The most recent one took place last week in Washington, D.C. Students join a team through their schools, which provide a volunteer coach and pay a nominal fee to send students to regional and state competitions. The 224 students who make it to the national competition get an all- expenses-paid trip.

[F]Nearly all members of last year’s winning U.S. IMO team took part in MathCounts as middle school students, as did Loh, the coach. “Middle school is an important age because students have enough math capability to solve advanced problems, but they haven’t really decided what they want to do with their lives,” said Loh. “They often get hooked then.”

[G]Another influential feeder for advanced-math students is an online school called Art of Problem Solving, which began about 13 years ago and now has 15,000 users. Students use forums to chat, play games, and solve problems together at no cost, or they can pay a few hundred dollars to take courses with trained teachers. According to Richard Rusczyk, the company founder, the six U.S. team members who competed at the IMO last year collectively took more than 40 courses on the site. Parents of advanced-math students and MathCounts coaches say the children are on the website constantly.

[H]There are also dozens of summer camps―many attached to universities—that aim to prepare

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elite math students. Some are pricey~~a three-week intensive program can cost $4,500 or more—but most offer scholarships. The Math Olympiad Summer Training Program is a three-week math camp held by the Mathematical Association of America that leads straight to the international championship and is free for those who make it. Only about 50 students are invited based on their performance on written tests and at the USA Math Olympiad.

[I]Students in university towns may also have access to another lever for involvement in accelerated math: math circles. In these groups, which came out of an Eastern European tradition of developing young talent, professors teach promising K-12 students advanced mathematics for several hours after school or on weekends. The Los Angeles Math Circle, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, began in 2007 with 20 students and now has more than 250. “These math circles cost nothing, or they’re very cheap for students to get involved in, but you have to know about them,” said Rusczyk. “Most people would love to get students from more underserved populations, but they just can’t get them in the door. Part of it is communication; part of it is transportation.”

[J]It’s no secret in the advanced-math community that diversity is a problem. According to Mark Saul, the director of competitions for the Mathematical Association of America, not a single African-American or Hispanic student—and only a handful of girls―has ever made it to the Math Olympiad team in its 50 years of existence. Many schools simply don’t prioritize academic competitions. “Do you know who we have to beat?” asked Saul. “The football team, the basketball team—that’s our competition for resources, student time, attention, school dollars, parent efforts, school enthusiasm.”

[K]Teachers in low-income urban and rural areas with no history of participating in math competitions may not know about advanced-math opportunities like MathCounts—and those who do may not have support or feel trained to lead them.

[L]But there are initiatives in place to try to get more underrepresented students involved in accelerated math. A New York City-based nonprofit called Bridge to Enter Mathematics runs a residential summer program aimed at getting underserved students, mostly black and Hispanic, working toward math and science careers. The summer after 7th grade, students spend three weeks on a college campus studying advanced math for seven hours a day. Over the next five years, the group helps the students get into other elite summer math programs, high-performing high schools, and eventually college. About 250 students so far have gone through the program, which receives funding from the Jack Kent Cooke Foundation.

[M]“If you look at a lot of low-income communities in the United States, there are programs that are serving them, but they’re primarily centered around ‘Let’s get these kids’ grades up，’ and not around

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‘let’s get these kids access to the same kinds of opportunities as more-affluent kids，’” said Daniel Zaharopol, the founder and executive director of the program. “We’re trying to create that pathway.” Students apply to the program directly through their schools. “We want to reach parents who are not plugged into the system，” said Zaharopol.

[N]In the past few years, MathCounts added two new middle school programs to try to diversify its participant pool一the National Math Club and the Math Video Challenge. Schools or teachers who sign up for the National Math Club receive a kit fall of activities and resources, but there’s no special teacher training and no competition attached.

[O]The Math Video Challenge is a competition, but a collaborative one. Teams of four students make a video illustrating a math problem and its real-world application. After the high-pressure Countdown round at this year’s national MathCounts competition, in which the top 12 students went head to head solving complex problems in rapid fire, the finalists for the Math Video Challenge took the stage to show their videos. The demographics of that group looked quite different from those in the competition round~of the 16 video finalists, 13 were girls and eight were African-American students. The video challenge does not put individual students on the hot seat—so it’s less intimidating by design. It also adds the element of artistic creativity to attract a new pool of students who may not see themselves as “math people.”

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

36.Middle school is a crucial period when students may become keenly interested in advanced

mathematics.

37.Elite high school math competitions are attracting more interest throughout the United States. 38.Math circles provide students with access to advanced-math training by university professors. 39.Students may take advantage of online resources to learn to solve math problems.

40.The summer program run by a nonprofit organization has helped many underserved students learn

advanced math.

41.Winners of local contests will participate in the national math competition for free. 42.Many schools don’t place academic competitions at the top of their priority list.

43.Contestants of elite high school math competitions are mostly Asian and white students from well-off

families.

44.Some math training programs primarily focus on raising students’ math scores.

41.Some intensive summer programs are very expensive but most of them provide scholarships.

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Section C

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

We live today indebted to McCardell, Cashin, Hawes, Wilkins, and Maxwell, and other women who liberated American fashion from the confines of Parisian design. Independence came in tying, wrapping, storing, harmonizing, and rationalizing that wardrobe. These designers established the modem dress code, letting playsuits and other activewear outfits suffice for casual clothing, allowing pants to enter the wardrobe, and prizing rationalism and versatility in dress, in contradiction to dressing for an occasion or allotment of the day. Fashion in America was logical and answerable to the will of the women who wore it. Implicitly or explicitly, American fashion addressed a democracy, whereas traditional Paris-based fashion was prescriptive and imposed on women, willing or not.

In an earlier time, American fashion had also followed the dictates of Paris, or even copied and pirated specific French designs. Designer sportswear was not modeled on that of Europe, as “modem art” would later be; it was genuinely invented and developed in America. Its designers were not high-end with supplementary lines. The design objective and the business commitment were to sportswear, and the distinctive traits were problem-solving ingenuity and realistic lifestyle applications. Ease of care was most important: summer dresses and outfits, in particular, were chiefly cotton, readily capable of being washed and pressed at home. Closings were simple, practical, and accessible, as the modem waman depended on no personal maid to dress her. American designers prized resourcefulness and the freedom of women who wore the clothing.

Many have argued that the women designers of this time were able to project their own clothing values into a new style. Of course, much of this argument in the 1930s-40s was advanced because there was little or no experience in justifying 月艮装）on the basis of utility. If Paris was cast aside, the tradition ofbeauty was also to some degree slighted. Designer sportswear would have to be verified by a standard other than that of pure beauty; the emulation of a designer’s life in designer sportswear was a crude version of this relationship. The consumer was ultimately to be mentioned as well, especially by the likes

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of Dorothy Shaver, who could point to the sales figures at Lord & Taylor.

Could utility alone justify the new ideas of the American designers? Fashion is often regarded as a pursuit of beauty, and some cherished fashion’s trivial relationship to the fine arts. What the designers of American sportswear proved was that fashion is a genuine design art, answering to the demanding needs of service. Of course these practical, insightful designers have determined the course of late twentieth-century fashion. They were the pioneers of gender equity, in their useful, adaptable clothing, which was both made for the masses and capable of self-expression. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46.What contribution did the women designers make to American fashion? A) They made some improvements on the traditional Parisian design. B) They formulated a dress code with distinctive American features. C) They came up with a brandnew set of design procedures. D) They made originality a top priority in their fashion design.

47.What do we learn about American designer sportswear? A) It imitated the European model. B) It laid emphasis on women’s beauty. C) It represented genuine American art. D) It was a completely new invention.

48.What characterized American designer sportswear? A) Pursuit of beauty. B) Decorative closings. C) Ease of care. D) Fabric quality.

49.What occurred in the design of women’s apparel in America during the 1930s-40s? A) A shift of emphasis from beauty to utility. B) The emulation of traditional Parisian design. C) A search for balance between tradition and novelty. D) The involvement of more women in fashion design.

50.What do we learn about designers of American sportswear? A) They catered to the taste of the younger generation.

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B) They radically changed people’s concept of beauty. C) They advocated equity between men and women. D) They became rivals of their Parisian counterparts.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Massive rubbish dumps and sprawling landfills constitute one of the more uncomfortable impacts that humans have on wildlife. They have led some birds to give up on migration. Instead of flying thousands of miles in search of food, they make the waste sites their winter feeding grounds.

Researchers in Germany used miniature GPS tags to track the migrations of 70 white storks^) from different sites across Europe and Asia during the first five months of their lives. While many birds travelled along well-known routes to warmer climates, others stopped short and spent the winter on landfills, feeding on food waste, and the multitudes of insects that thrive on the dumps.

In the short-term, the birds seem to benefit from overwintering(过冬) on rubbish dumps. Andrea Flack of the Max Planck Institute found that birds following traditional migration routes were more likely to die than German storks that flew only as far as northern Morocco, and spent the winter there on rubbish dumps. “For the birds it’s a very convenient way to get food. There are huge clusters of organic waste they can feed on,” said Flack. The meals are not particularly appetising, or even safe. Much of the waste is discarded rotten meat, mixed in with other human debris such as plastic bags and old toys.

“It’s very risky. The birds can easily eat pieces of plastic or rubber bands and they can die,” said Flack. “And we don’t know about the long-term consequences. They might eat something toxic and damage their health. We cannot estimate that yet.”

The scientists tracked white storks from different colonies in Europe and Africa. The Russian, Greek and Polish storks flew as far as South Africa, while those from Spain, Tunisia and Germany flew only as far as the Sahel.

Landfill sites on the Iberian peninsula have long attracted local white storks, but all of the Spanish birds tagged in the study flew across the Sahara desert to the western Sahel. Writing in the journal, the scientists describe how the storks from Germany were clearly affected by the presence of waste sites, with four out of six birds that survived for at least five months overwintering on rubbish dumps in northern Morocco, instead of migrating to the Sahel.

Flack said it was too early to know whether the benefits of plentiful food outweighed the risks of feeding on landfills. But that’s not the only uncertainty. Migrating birds affect ecosystems both at home

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and at their winter destinations, and disrupting the traditional routes could have unexpected side effects. White storks feed on 螳虫）and other insects that can become pests if their numbers get out of hand. “Theyprovide a useful service,” said Flack.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

51. What is the impact of rubbish dumps on wildlife?

A)They have forced white storks to search for safer winter shelters. B)They have seriously polluted the places where birds spend winter. C)They have accelerated the reproduction of some harmful insects. D)They have changed the previous migration habits of certain birds.

52.What do we learn about birds following the traditional migration routes? A)They can multiply at an accelerating rate. B)They can better pull through the winter. C)They help humans kill harmful insects. D)They are more likely to be at risk of dying.

53.What does Andrea Flack say about the birds overwintering on rubbish dumps? A)They may end up staying there permanently. B)They may eat something harmful. C)They may evolve new feeding habits. D)They may have trouble getting adequate food.

54.What can be inferred about the Spanish birds tagged in the study? A)They gradually lose the habit of migrating in winter. B)They prefer rubbish dumps far away to those at home.

C)They are not attracted to the rubbish dumps on their migration routes. D)They join the storks form Germany on rubbish dumps in Morocco.

55.What is scientists，other concern about white storks feeding on landfills? A)The potential harm to the ecosystem.

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B)The genetic change in the stork species. C)The spread of epidemics to their homeland. D)The damaging effect on bio-diversity.

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

唐朝始于618年，终于907年，是中国历史上最灿烂的时期。经过近三百年的发展，唐代中国成为世界上最繁荣的强国，其首都长安是当时世界上最大的都市。这一时期，经济发达、商业繁荣、社会秩序稳定，甚至边境也对外开放。随着城市化和财富的增加，艺术和文学也繁荣起来。李白和杜甫是以作品简洁自然而著称的诗人。他们的诗歌打动了学者和普通人的心。即使在今天，他们的许多诗歌仍广为儿童及成人阅读背诵。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

快速对答案

1 26 K 51 D 2 3 4 29 H 54 C 5 6 7 32 L 8 9 10 35 J 11 12 13 38 I 14 15 16 41 E 17 18 19 44 M 20 21 22 47 D 23 24 25 50 C 27 28 O M 30 31 I E 33 34 G B 36 37 F A 39 40 G L 42 43 J B 45 46 H B 48 49 C A 52 53 D B 55 A

2016年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第2套)

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on innovation. Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourage innovation. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A

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C. His schoolmates.

D. His parents' friends.

3. A. No tea was served with the meal. B. It was the real English breakfast. C. No one of the group ate it. D. It was a little overcooked. 4. A. It was full of excitement. B. It was really extraordinary. C. It was a risky experience. D. It was rather disappointing.

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5. A. The woman's relationship with other shops. B. The business success of the woman's shop. C. The key to running a shop at a low cost. D. The woman's earnings over the years. 6. A. Improve its customer service. B. Expand its business scale. C. Keep down its expenses. D. Upgrade the goods it sells.

7. A. They are sold at lower prices than in other shops. B. They are very-popular with the local residents. C. They are delivered free of charge. D. They are in great demand.

8. A. To follow the custom of the local shopkeepers. B. To attract more customers in the neighborhood. C. To avoid being put out of business in competition. D. To maintain friendly relationships with other shops. Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard. 9. A. They can be used to deliver messages in times of emergency. B. They deliver pollutants from the ocean to their nesting sites. C. They carry plant seeds and spread them to faraway places. D. They are on the verge of extinction because of pollution.

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10. A. They migrate to the Arctic Circle during the summer. B. They originate from Devon Island in the Arctic area. C. They travel as far as 400 kilometers in search of food. D. They have the ability to survive in extreme weathers. 11. A. They were carried by the wind. B. They had become more poisonous.

C. They were less than on the continent. D. They poisoned some of the fulmars.

12. A. The threats humans pose to Arctic seabirds, B. The diminishing colonies for Arctic seabirds. C. The harm Arctic seabirds may cause to humans.

D. The effects of the changing climate on Arctic seabirds.

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. 13. A. It has decreased. B. It has been exaggerated.

C. It has become better understood. D. It has remained basically the same.

14. A. It develops more easily in centenarians not actively engaged. B. It is now the second leading cause of death for centenarians. C. It has had no effective cure so far. D. It calls for more intensive research.

15. A. They care more about their physical health. B. Their quality of life deteriorates rapidly. C. Their minds fall before their bodies do. D. They cherish their life more than ever. Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 16. A. They are focused more on attraction than love. B. They were done by his former colleague at Yale.

C. They were carried out over a period of some thirty years. D. They form the basis on which he builds his theory of love.

17. A. The relationship cannot last long if no passion is involved. B. Intimacy is essential but not absolutely indispensable to love. C. It is not love if you don't wish to maintain the relationship. D. Romance is just impossible without mutual understanding. 18. A. Which of them is considered most important. B. Whether it is true love without commitment.

C. When the absence of any one doesn't affect the relationship. D. How the relationship is to be defined if any one is missing. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard. 19. A. Social work as a profession. B. The history of social work.

C. Academic degrees required of social work applicants. D. The aim of the National Association of Social Workers.

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20. A. They try to change people's social behavior.

B. They help enhance the well-being of the underprivileged. C. They raise people's awareness of the environment. D. They create a lot of opportunities for the unemployed. 21. A. They have all received strict clinical training. B. They all have an academic degree in social work. C. They are all members of the National Association. D. They have all made a difference through their work. 22. A. The promotion of social workers' social status. B. The importance of training for social workers. C. Ways for social workers to meet people's needs. D. Social workers' job options and responsibilities.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard. 23. A. To fight childhood obesity. B. To help disadvantaged kids.

C. To encourage kids to play more sports. D. To urge kids to follow their role models.

24. A. They best boost product sales when put online. B. They are most effective when appearing on TV. C. They are becoming more and more prevalent. D. They impress kids more than they do adults. 25. A. Always place kids' interest first. B. Do what they advocate in public.

C. Message positive behaviors at all times.

D. Pay attention to their image before children.

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

The tree people in the Lord of the Rings--the Ents--can get around by walking. But for real trees, it's harder to uproot. Because they're literally rooted into the ground, they are unable to leave and go 26 .

When a tree first starts growing in a certain area, it's likely that the 27 envelope—the temperature, humidity, rainfall patterns and so on--suits it. Otherwise, it would be unable to grow from a seedling. But as it 28, these conditions may change and the area around it may no longer be suitable for its 29 .

When that happens, many trees like walnuts, oaks and pines, rely 30 on so-called \"scatter hoarders,\" such as birds, to move their seeds to new localities. Many birds like to store food for the winter, which they 31 retrieve.when the birds forget to retrieve their food--and they do sometimes--a seedling has a chance to grow. The bird Clark's nutcracker, for example, hides up to 100,000 seeds per year, up to 30 kilometers away from the seed source, and has a very close symbiotic (共生的) relationship with several pine species, most 32 the whitebark pine. As trees outgrow their ideal 33 in the face of climate change, these flying ecosystem engineers could be a big help in 34 trees. It's a solution for us--getting birds to do the work is cheap and

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effective--and it could give 35 oaks and pines the option to truly \"make like a tree and leave. \"

A. ages

B. breathing C. climatic D. elsewhere E. exclusively F. forever G. fruitful H. habitats I. legacy J. notably K. offspring L. replanting M. subsequently N. vulnerable O. withdraws Section B

Directions : In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. The American Workplace Is Broken. Here's How We Can Start Fixing It. [A] Americans are working longer and harder hours than ever before.83% of workers say they're stressed about their jobs, nearly 50% say work-related stress is interfering with their sleep, and 60% use their smartphones to check in with work outside of normal working hours. No wonder only 13% of employees worldwide feel engaged in their occupation.

[B] Glimmers (少许) of hope, however, are beginning to emerge in this bruising environment: Americans are becoming aware of the toll their jobs take on them, and employers are exploring ways to alleviate the harmful effects of stress and overwork. Yet much more work remains to be done. To call stress an epidemic isn't exaggeration. The 83% of American employees who are stressed about their jobs--up from 73% just a year before--say that poor compensation and an unreasonable workload are their number-one sources of stress. And if you suspected that the workplace had gotten more stressful than it was just a few decades ago, you're right. Stress levels increased 18% for women and 24% for men from 1983 to 2009. Stress is also starting earlier in life, with some data suggesting that today's teens are even more stressed than adults.

[C] Stress is taking a significant toll on our health, and the collective public health cost may be enormous. Occupational stress increases the risk of heart attack and diabetes, accelerates the aging process, decreases longevity, and contributes to depression and anxiety, among numerous other negative health outcomes. Overall, stress-related health problems account for up to 90% of hospital visits, many of them preventable. Your job is \"literally killing you,\" as The Washington Post put it. It's also hurting our relationships. Working parents say they feel stressed, tired, rushed and short on quality time with their children, friends and partners.

[D] Seven in 10 workers say they struggle to maintain work-life balance. As technology (and with it, work emails) seeps (渗入) into every aspect of our lives, work-life balance has become an almost meaningless term. Add a rapidly changing economy and an uncertain future to this 24/7 connectivity, and you've got a recipe for overwork, according to Phyllis Moen. \"There's rising work demand coupled with the insecurity of mergers, takeovers, downsizing and other factors,\" Moen said. \"Part of the

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work-life issue has to talk about uncertainty about the future.\"

[E] These factors have converged to create an increasingly impossible situation with many employees overworking to the point of burnout. It's not only unsustainable for workers, but also for the companies that employ them. Science has shown a clear correlation between high stress levels in workers and absenteeism ( 旷工 ), reduced productivity, disengagement and high tttrnover. Too many workplace policies effectively prohibit employees from developing a healthy work-life balance by barring them from taking time off, even when they need it most. [F] The U. S. trails far behind every wealthy nation and many developing ones that have family-friendly work policies including paid parental leave, paid sick days and breast-feeding support.according to a 2007 study. The U. S. is also the only advanced economy that does not guarantee workers paid vacation time, and it's one of only two countries in the world that does not offer guaranteed paid maternity leave. But even when employees are given paid time off, workplace norms and expectations that pressure them to overwork often prevent them from taking it. Fulltime employees who do have paid vacation days only use half of them on average.

[G] Our modern workplaces also operate based on outdated time constraints. The practice of clocking in for an eight-hour workday is a leftover from the days of the Industrial Revolution, as reflected in the then-popular saying, \"Eight hours labor, eight hours recreation, eight hours rest.\"

[H] We've held on to this workday structure--but thanks to our digital devices, many employees never really clock out. Today, the average American spends 8.8 hours at work daily, and the majority of working professionals spend additional hours checking in with work during evenings, weekends and even vacations. The problem isn't the technology itself, but that the technology is being used to create more flexibility for the employer rather than the employee. In a competitive work environment, employers are able to use technology to demand more from their employees rather than motivating workers with flexibility that benefits them. [I] In a study published last year, psychologists coined the term \"workplace telepressure\" to describe an employee's urge to immediately respond to emails and engage in obsessive thoughts about returning an email to one's boss, colleagues or clients. The researchers found that telepressure is a major cause of stress at work, which over time contributes to physical and mental burnout. Of the 300 employees participating in the study, those who experienced high levels of telepressure were more likely to agree with statements assessing burnout, like \"I've no energy for going to work in the morning,\" and to report feeling fatigued and unfocused. Telepressure was also correlated with sleeping poorly and missing work. [J] Harvard Business School professor Leslie Perlow explains that when people feel the pressure to be always \"on,\" they fmd ways to accommodate that pressure, including altering their schedules, work habits and interactions with family and friends. Perlow calls this vicious cycle the \"cycle of responsiveness\" : Once bosses and colleagues experience an employee's increased responsiveness, they increase their demands on the employee's time. And because a failure to accept these increased demands indicates a lack of commitment to one's work, the employee complies. [K] To address skyrocketing employee stress levels, many companies have implemented workplace wellness programs, partnering with health care providers that have created programs to promote employee health and well-being. Some research does suggest that these programs hold promise. A study of employees at health insurance provider Aetna revealed that roughly one quarter of those taking in-office yoga and mindfulness classes reported a 28% reduction in their stress levels and a 20% improvement in sleep quality. These less-stressed workers gained an average of 62 minutes per week of productivity. While yoga and meditation (静思) are scientifically proven to reduce stress levels, these programs do little to target the root causes of burnout and disengagement. The conditions creating the stress are long hours, unrealistic demands and deadlines, and work-life conflict.

[L] Moen and her colleagues may have found the solution. In a 2011 study, she investigated the effects of implementing a Results Only Work Environment (ROWE. on the productivity and well-being of employees

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at Best Buy's corporate headquarters.

[M] For the study,325 employees spent six months taking part in ROWE, while a control group of 334 employees continued with their normal workflow. The ROWE participants were allowed to freely determine when, where and how they worked--the only thing that mattered was that they got the job done. The results were striking. After six months, the employees who participated in ROWE reported reduced work-family conflict and a better sense of control of their time, and they were getting a full hour of extra sleep each night. The employees were less likely to leave their jobs, resulting in reduced turnover. It's important to note that the increased flexibility didn't encourage them to work around the clock. \"They didn't work anywhere and all the time--they were better able to manage their work,\" Moen said. \"Flexibility and control is key,\" she continued.

36. Workplace norms pressure employees to overwork, deterring them from taking paid time off. 37. The overwhelming majority of employees attribute their stress mainly to low pay and an excessive workload.

38. According to Moen, flexibility gives employees better control over their work and time.

39. Flexibility resulting from the use of digital devices benefits employers instead of employees. 40. Research finds that if employees suffer from high stress, they will be less motivated, less productive and more likely to quit. 41. In-office wellness programs may help reduce stress levels, but they are hardly an ultimate solution to the problem.

42. Health problems caused by stress in the workplace result in huge public health expenses.

43. If employees respond quickly to their job assignments, the employer is likely to demand more from them.

44. With technology everywhere in our life, it has become virtually impossible for most workers to keep a balance between work and life.

45. In America today, even teenagers suffer from stress, and their problem is even more serious than grown-ups'. Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Dr. Donald Sadoway at MIT started his own battery company with the hope of changing the world's energy future. It's a dramatic endorsement for a technology most people think about only when their smartphone goes dark. But Sadoway isn't alone in trumpeting energy storage as a missing link to a cleaner, more efficient, and more equitable energy future.

Scientists and engineers have long believed in the promise of batteries to change the world.Advanced batteries are moving out of specialized markets and creeping into the mainstream, signaling a tipping point for forward-looking technologies such as electric cars and rooftop solar propels.

The ubiquitous (无所不在的) battery has already come a long way, of course. For better or worse, batteries make possible our mobile-first lifestyles, our screen culture, our increasingly globalized world. Still, as impressive as all this is, it may be trivial compared with what comes next.Having already enabled a communications revolution, the battery is now poised to transform just about everything else.

The wireless age is expanding to include not just our phones, tablets, and laptops, but also our cars, homes, and even whole communities. In emerging economies, rural communities are bypassing the wires and wooden poles that spread power. Instead, some in Africa and Asia are seeing their first lightbulbs

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illuminated by the power of sunlight stored in batteries.

Today, energy storage is a $ 33 billion global industry that generates nearly 100 gigawatt-hours of electricity per year. By the end of the decade, it's expected to be worth over $ 50 billion and generate 160 gigawatt-hours, enough to attract the attention of major companies that might not otherwise be interested in a decidedly pedestrian technology. Even utility companies, which have long Viewed batteries and alternative forms of energy as a threat, are learning to embrace the technologies as enabling rather than disrupting.

Today's battery breakthroughs come as the. world looks to expand modern energy access to the billion or so people without it, while also cutting back on fuels that warm the planet.Those simultaneous challenges appear less overwhelming with increasingly better answers to a centuries-old question: how to make power portable.

To be sure, the battery still has a long way to go before the nightly recharge completely replaces the weekly trip to the gas station. A battery-powered world comes with its own risks, too. What happens to the centralized electric grid, which took decades and billions of dollars to build, as more and more people become \"prosumers,\" who produce and consume their own energy onsite?

No one knows which--if any--battery technology will ultimately dominate, but one thing remains clear. The future of energy is in how we store it.

46. What does Dr. Sadoway think of energy storage?

A. It involves the application of sophisticated technology. B. It is the direction energy development should follow. C. It will prove to be a profitable business. D. It is a technology benefiting everyone.

47. What is most likely to happen when advanced batteries become widely used? A. Mobile-first lifestyles will become popular. B. The globalization process will be accelerated. C. Communications will take more diverse forms. D. The world will undergo revolutionary changes.

48. In some rural communities of emerging economies, people have begun to ___________. A. find digital devices simply indispensable B. communicate primarily by mobile phone

C. light their homes with stored solar energy D. distribute power with wires and wooden poles

49. Utility companies have begun to realize that battery technologies ___________. A. benefit their business B. transmit power faster C. promote innovation D. encourage competition

50. What does the author imply about the centralized electric grid? A. It might become a thing of the past. B. It might turn out to be a \"prosumer\".

C. It will be easier to operate and maintain. D. It will have to be completely transformed. Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

More than 100 years ago, American sociologist W. E. B. Du Bois was concerned that race was being used as a biological explanation for what he understood to be social and cultural differences between different populations of people. He spoke out against the idea of \"white\" and \"black\" as distinct groups, claiming that these distinctions ignored the scope of human diversity.

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Science would favor Du Bois. Today, the mainstream belief among scientists is that race is a social construct without biological meaning. In an article published in the journal Science, four scholars say racial categories need to be phased out. \"Essentially, I could not agree more with the authors,\" said Svante Pääbo, a biologist and director of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. In one example that demonstrated genetic differences were not fixed along racial lines, the full genomes (基因组) of James Watson and Craig Venter, two famous American scientists of European ancestry, were compared to that of a Korean scientist, Seong-Jin Kim. It turned out that Watson and Venter shared fewer variations in their genetic sequences than they each shared with Kim.

Michael Yudell, a professor of public health at Drexel University in Philadelphia, said that modem genetics research is operating in a paradox: on the one hand, race is understood to be a useful tool to illuminate human genetic diversity, but on the other hand, race is also understood to be a poorly defined marker of that diversity. Assumptions about genetic differences between people of different races could be particularly dangerous in a medical setting. \"If you make clinical predictions based on somebody's race, you're going to be wrong a good chunk of the time,\" Yudell told Live Science. In the paper, he and his colleagues used the example of cystic fibrosis, which is underdiagnosed in people of African ancestry because it is thought of as a \"white\" disease.

So what other variables could be used if the racial concept is thrown out? Yudell said scientists need to get more specific with their language, perhaps using terms like \"ancestry\" or \"population\" that might more precisely reflect the relationship between humans and their genes, on both the individual and population level. The researchers also acknowledged that there are a few areas where race as a construct might still be useful in scientific research: as a political and social, but not biological, variable.

\"While we argue phasing out racial terminology (术语) in the biological sciences, we also acknowledge that using race as a political or social category to study racism, although filled with lots of challenges, remains necessary given our need to understand how structural inequities and discrimination produce health disparities (差异) between groups. \" Yudell said. 51. Du Bois was opposed to the use of race as ________. A. a basis for explaining human genetic diversity B. an aid to understanding different populations

C. an explanation for social and cultural differences D. a term to describe individual human characteristics

52. The study by Svante Pääbo served as an example to show ________. A. modern genetics research is likely to fuel racial conflicts B. race is a poorly defined marker of human genetic diversity C. race as a biological term can explain human genetic diversity D. genetics research should consider social and cultural variables 53. The example of the disease cystic fibrosis underdiagnosed in people of African ancestry demonstrates that ________.

A. it is absolutely necessary to put race aside in making diagnosis B. it is important to include social variables in genetics research

C. racial categories for genetic diversity could lead to wrong clinical predictions D. discrimination against black people may cause negligence in clinical treatment 54. What is Yudell's suggestion to scientists?

A. They be more precise with the language they use. B. They refrain from using politically sensitive terms. C. They throw out irrelevant concepts in their research. D. They examine all possible variables in their research.

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55. What can be inferred from Yudell's remark in the last paragraph? A. Clinging to racism prolongs inequity and discrimination. B. Physiological disparities are quite striking among races. C. Doing away with racial discrimination is challenging. D. Racial terms are still useful in certain fields of study.

Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

随着中国经济的蓬勃发展，学汉语的人数迅速增加，使汉语成了世界上人们最爱学的语言之一。近年来，中国大学在国际上的排名也有了明显的提高。由于中国教育的巨大进步，中国成为最受海外学生欢迎的留学目的地之一就不足为奇了。2015年，近四十万国际学生蜂拥来到中国学习。他们学习的科目已不再限于中国语言和文化，而包括科学与工程。在全球教育市场上，美国和英国仍占主导地位，但中国正在迅速赶上。

2016年12月大学英语六级考试真题答案与详解 (第2套) Part I Writing

高分范文

My View on Innovation ① I'm not sure if you have heard one of Steve Jobs' famous remarks, \" Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower\innovation. ② It goes without saying that innovation can promote the advancement of society and is the most essential quality for anyone who wants to achieve success. ③With innovation, any progress will be possible; however, once indulged in conservatism, everything will remain stagnant.

④Therefore, by some means or other we must come to know how to be innovative. ⑤On the one hand, from the standpoint of a nation, the government should encourage innovation and foster the mindset of continuous learning. ⑥ Only by doing this can our nation achieve new breakthroughs in all walks of life. ⑦ On the other hand, from the perspective of individuals, we should enrich our knowledge reserves and arm ourselves with up-to-date knowledge. ⑧ Only when we are equipped with vast stores of knowledge can we think out different methods when solving a problem.

⑨We should always commit it to our memory that innovation is of great significance to us a J1. ⑩ In our daily life, we need to cultivate the habit of applying new thoughts and methods into practice.

作文答案全文翻译

PartⅡ Listening Comprehension

听力全文翻译

Questions 1 to 4 axe based on the conversation you have just heard. 1． A。查看详情 2． D。查看详情 3． C。查看详情 4． D。查看详情 Conversation Two

M: (5) You say your shop has been doing well. Could you give me some idea of what \"doing well\" means in facts and figures? W: \"doing well\" means averaging ￡1,200 or more a week for about 7 years, making almost a quarter Well,

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of a million pounds. And \"doing well\" means your earnings are rising. Last year, we did slightly over 50,000 and this year, we hope to do more than 60,000. So, that's good if we continue to rise. M: Now, that's gross earnings, I assume. What about your expenses?

W: Yes, that's gross. The expenses, of course, go up steadily. And since we've moved to this new shop, the expenses have increased greatly, because it's a much bigger shop. So I couldn't say exactly what our expenses are. They are something in the region of six or seven thousand pounds a year, which is not high.

(6) Commercially speaking, it's fairly low, and we try to keep our expenses as low as we can. M: (7) And your prices are much lower than the same goods in shops round about. How do the local shopkeepers feel about having a shop doing so well in their midst? W: Perhaps a lot of them don't realize how well we are doing, because we don't make a point of publicizing. That was a lesson we learned very early on. (8) We were very friendly with all local shopkeepers and we happened to mention to a local shopkeeper how much we had made that week. He was very unhappy and never as friendly again. So we make a point of never publicizing the amount of money we make. But we are on very good terms with all the shops. None of them have ever complained that we are putting them out of business or anything like that. I think it's a nice friendly relationship. Maybe if they did know what we made, perhaps they wouldn't be so friendly.

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5．B。查看详情 6． C。查看详情 7． A。查看详情 8． D。查看详情 Passage One Birds are famous for carrymg things around．Some，like homing pigeons，can be trained to deliver messages and packages．Other birds unknowingly carry seeds that cling to them for the ride．(9)Canadian scientists have found a worrisome．new example of the power that birds have to spread stuff around．Way up north in the Canadian ArctiC．seabirds are picking up dangerous chemicals in the ocean and delivering them to ponds near where the birds five． Some l0．000 pairs of the birds，called flllitlars，a kind of ArctiC seabird．make their nests on Devon Island．north of the Arctic Circle．(10)The fllfinars travel some 400 kilometers over the sea to find food． When they return home，their droppings end up all around their nesting sites，including in nearby ponds． (11)Previously．scientists noticed ponutants arriving in the Arctic with the wind．Salmon also carry dangerous chemicals as the fish migrate between rivers and the sea．The bodies of fish and other meat—eaters Can build up high levels of the chemicals． To test the polluting power of fulmars，researchers coUected samples of deposit from 11 ponds on Devon Island．In ponds closest to the colony，the results showed there were far more pollutants than in ponds less affected by the birds．The poHutantS in the ponds appear to come from fish that fulIIlars eat when they’re out on the ocean．(12)People who five，hunt，or fish near bird colonies need to be carefitl，the researchers say．The birds don’t mean to cause harm，but the chemicals they calTy Can cause major problems．

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have iust heard． 9． B。查看详情 10． C。查看详情 11．A。查看详情 12． C。查看详情 Passage Two 听力全文翻译

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Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have iust heard.

预览三道题各选项，由选项中出现的centenarians，death，cure，health，fail，life等词可以推测，短文内容与百岁老人的身体健康状况以及导致他们死亡的疾病有关。 13． A。查看详情 14． B。查看详情

15．What is characteristic of people who live up t0100 years and beyond?

C。短文中提到，那些能够身体健康地活到百岁以上的老人们，最终向诸如老年痴呆症这样影响精神与认知功能的疾病屈服了，换言之，他们的精神似乎在他们的身体出问题前就先出问题了，故答案为C。

Recording One 听力全文翻译

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 16．A。查看详情 17． C。查看详情 18．D。查看详情 Recording Two 听力全文翻译

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard. 19． A。查看详情 20． B。查看详情 21． B。查看详情 22． D查看详情 Recording Three 听力全文翻译

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard. 23．What is the aim of Michelle Obama’s campaign? A。讲座开头提到，米歇尔·奥巴马的“Let’s Move!”是通过鼓励孩子们多做体育运动以减少儿童期肥胖现象的活动。因此，该活动的目的在于对抗儿童肥胖，故答案为A。

24．What does research find about advertisements featuring professional athletes?

D。讲座中提到，2010年，研究人员在报告中说，12至17岁的青少年看运动员所宣传的食品和饮料类商业广告比成年人多。因此，由职业运动员代言的广告给儿童留下的印象甚于给成年人留下的印象，故答案为D.。 25．What does the speaker think kids’idols should do?

C。讲座最后提到，如果儿童以运动员为偶像，那么偶像言行一致对他们才最有利。偶像们言行一致地传达积极的行为，才能给孩子们提供可以效仿的更加健康的生活方式，故答案为C。 Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

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名词：H.habitats栖息地，生长环境；I.legacy遗产；K.offspring子孙，后代

动词：A.ages长大，变老；B.breathing呼吸；L.replanting重新种植；O.withdraws撤退，移开

形容词：C.climatic气候的；G.fruitful果实累累的，富有成效的；N.vulnerable脆弱的，易受伤害的副词：D.elsewhere其他地方，别处；E.exclusively专有地，排外地，唯一地；F.forever永远；J.notably显著地，尤其；M.subsequently随后，后来

26．D.elsewhere。查看详情 27．C.climatic。查看详情 28 ．A.ages。查看详情

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29．K.offspring。查看详情 30．E.exclusively。查看详情 31．M.subsequently查看详情 32．J.notably。查看详情 33．H.habitats。查看详情 34．L.replanting。查看详情 35．N.vulnerable。查看详情

美国工作场所已经瓦解。我们应按以下方法着手解决此问题。

[A]美国人的工作时间比以往任何时候都长。83％的人表示工作压力大，近50％的人表示工作压力已经影响了他们的睡眠，60％的人在非工作时间用智能手机工作。难怪全世界只有13％的员工喜欢自己所从事的工作。 [B]然而，现在这种激烈的竞争环境已经开始露出了一线曙光：美国人现在开始意识到了工作对自己的影响，而雁主也在探索如何减少压力和过度劳累所带来的负面影响。但还是任重道远。把压力比喻成一种流行病，这种说法一点也不夸张。(37)在感到工作压力大的美国员工中，有83％(去年仅为73％)的人表示，他们最大的压力主要源于低报酬和不合理的工作量。如果你猜想现在工作比几十年前压力大，这种想法一点没错。从l983年到2009年，女性和男性的压力水平分别增长了18％和24％。(45)同时，压力也开始呈现“年轻化”的趋势，一些数据表明，当今青少年的压力比成年人还大。

[C](42)压力对我们的健康影响非常大，并且由此可能会导致巨额的公共卫生花费。职业压力增加了患心脏病和糖尿病的风险，同时还会加速老龄化，减少寿命，导致抑郁和焦虑，并且带来其他各种健康问题。总体而言，与压力相关的健康问题占医院总就诊量的90％，而其中许多健康问题都是可预防的。正如《华盛顿邮报》所说，工作是真会“要了你的命啊”。同时工作压力大也伤害到了我们与他人的关系。在职的家长表示，他们感到压力大，很疲惫，总是匆匆忙忙，陪伴孩子、朋友和爱人的高质量时间实在是太少了。

[D]十分之七的员工表示很难保持工作与生活的平衡。(44)随着科技的发展，尤其是工作电子邮件已经渗透到了我们生活的方方面面，“保持工作生活平衡”几乎成了一个没有意义的术语。菲利斯·摩恩说道，瞬息万变的经济、不确定的未来，再加上一周七天，一天二十四小时全天候的连接，这就是过度劳累的原因。摩恩说：“工作需求，以及兼并，收购，裁员等其他不安全性因素都日益上升。难以保持工作生活平衡的部分原因就是来自于未来的不确定性”。

[E]这些因素凑在一起，造成了越来越多不可能维持的情况，许多员工都因过度工作到了倦怠点。这不仅对员工而言是不可持续的，对于雇用他们的公司来说也是不可持续的。(40)科学表明员工们长时间处于高压力与他们缺勤，生产力降低和高离职率之间有着明显的相关性。太多的工作场所缺乏灵活性，甚至在员工最需要休息的时候，也不允许他们休息，这使得员工无法保持工作与生活健康的平衡关系。

[F]根据2007年的一项研究，美国在家庭福利方面，例如带薪育儿假，带薪病假和支持母乳喂养，远远落后于每一个发达国家，以及许多发展中国家。美国也是世界上唯一不提供带薪休假的发达国家，世界上仅有的两个不提供带薪产假的国家之一。(36)但是，即使员工得到带薪休假的机会，工作场所的规则和期望也会迫使他们过度工作，从而没有机会去使用它。得到带薪休假的全职员工们通常只用了一半的假期。

[G]我们现在的工作时间也是按照过时的作息时间安排的。8小时工作日的做法是3-业时代的产物，当时流行的一句话特别能体现出这一点，“八小时劳动，八小时娱乐，八小时休息。”

[H]我们坚持这种工作日的结构——但是数字设备使许多员工从来没有真正下班过。当今，美国人平均每天工作8．8小时，而大多数的职场人士在晚上、周末甚至在休假期间，都会花额外时间工作。(39)技术本身并不是问题，问题是技术被用来为雇主创造更多的灵活性，而不是为雇员提供了便利。在竞争激烈的工作环境中，雇主利用高科技手段要求员工提供更多的服务，而不是使用技术为员工提供福利，让员工更加灵活地工作，以此来激励他们。

[I]在去年发表的一项研究中，心理学家创造了一个术语“工作场所远程压力”，来描述员工想要立即回复邮件的强烈欲望．和想要立即回复老板、同事或客户电子邮件的痴迷。研究人员发现，远程压力是工作压力的主要原因，随着时间的推移，还会造成身体和精神的倦怠。在参加此项研究的300名员工中，那些经历过高度远程压力的员工更有可能会认同倦怠的评价，例如“我早晨上班时没有精力”，并说自己感到疲劳和无法专心工作。远程压力也与睡眠不足和工作失误相关。

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[J]哈佛商学院教授莱斯利·佩洛解释说，当人们感受到总是需要“在线”的压力时，就会找到办法来适应这种压力，例如，改变日程表、工作习惯和减少与家人和朋友的互动。佩洛将这种恶性循环称为“响应周期”： (43)一旦老板和同事发现某个员工，工作完成得更快了，就会要求该员工工作更长时间。不接受这些增加的工作就会表明自己对工作不尽忠尽责，所以该员工只好选择服从。

[K](41-1)为解决员工压力暴增的问题，许多公司已经实施了工作场所健康计划，他们与医疗保健供应商合作，由其提供促进员工健康和福利的项目。一些研究确实表明这些方案有希望。健康保险提供商Aetna做的一项员工研究表明，参加办公室瑜伽和正念课程的人中，大约四分之一的人报告其压力水平减少了28％，睡眠质量改善了20％。这些压力减缓的员工，平均每周增加了62分钟的生产率。(41-2)虽然科学证明瑜伽和冥想可以减少压力，但这些计划几乎没有针对倦怠和脱节的根本原因。造成压力大的根本原因是长时间工作，不切买际的要求和完成工作的期限，以及工作生活的冲突。

[L]摩恩和她同事可能已经找到了解决方案。在2011年的一项研究中，她调查了实施“以成果为宗旨的工作环境”(ROWE.计划对百思买公司总部员工的生产力和福利的影响。

[M]在这项研究中，325名员工花了6个月参加ROWE计划，而实验对照组中有334名员工继续正常的工作流程。ROWE参与者可以自由决定在何时、何地以及以何种方式工作——只要完成工作就行。这项实验的结果非常惊人。六个月后，参与ROWE的员工报告说，工作、家庭冲突减少了，他们可以更好地管理自己的时间，同时每晚可多睡一个小时。这些员工跳槽的可能性也减少了，因此降低了雇员流失率。必须指出的是，增加工作灵活性，但并不鼓励员工全天候工作。(38)“员工并没有在任何地方，任何时间都在工作——他们能更好地管理工作，”摩恩说。她继续补充道，“灵活性和掌控性是关键”。

36. [F]。查看详情 37 [B]。查看详情 38． [M]。查看详情 39． [H]。查看详情 40． [E]。查看详情 41． [K]。查看详情 42． [C] 查看详情 43． [J]。查看详情 44．[D]。查看详情 45． [B]。查看详情

Passage One

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46．B。查看详情 47．D。查看详情 48．C。查看详情 49．A。查看详情 50．A。查看详情 Passage Two

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51. A。查看详情 52．B。查看详情

53．C。根据题干中的cystic fibrosis和underdiagnosed in people of African ancestry定位到文章第五段最后两句：“If you make clinical predictions based on somebody’S race，you’re going to be wrong a

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good chunk of the time．”YudeH told Live Science．In the paper，he and his coHeagues used the example of cystic fibrosis，which is underdiagnosed in people of African ancestry because it is thought of as a“white”disease．

推理判断题。定位句的第一句指出，亚戴尔认为如果临床预测是基于病人的种族做出的，那么大部分时候结果都是错的，紧接着在下一句里亚戴尔举出囊性纤维化的例子，该疾病被认为是“白种人”的疾病，因此很容易在非裔人身上漏诊，由此可以推出，亚戴尔以囊性纤维化为例是想说明上一句话里的观点，即对遗传多样性进行种族分类可能导致错误的临床预测，故答案为C.。

A.“诊断时不去考虑种族是绝对必要的”，定位句只是说依据种族做出的临床预测大部分时

候都是错的，该选项的表述过于绝对，故排除；B.“让遗传研究包含社会变量很重要”，第六段最后一句提到社会变量，但该句是指种族作为社会变量可能在科学研究中仍有用，这是研究人员的观点，并非囊性纤维化的例子想要说明的问题，故排除；D.“对黑人的歧视可能导致临床治疗上的疏忽”，文中没有提到对黑人的歧视，且定位句提及的是临床预测而不是临床治疗，故排除。 54．A。查看详情

55．D。由题于中的the last paragraph定位到文章最后一段：“…we also acknowledge that using race as a political or social category to study racism，although filled with lots of challenges，remains necessary given our need to understand how structural inequities and discrimination produce health disparities(差异)between groups，”Yudeli said．

推理判断题。定位句指出，亚戴尔说道：“……我们也承认，考虑到我们需要了解结构性的不平等和歧视是如何使群体之间产生健康差异的，将种族用作研究种族主义的政治或社会范畴仍有必要，尽管这充满了挑战。”由此可知，在研究种族歧视的这些领域里，种族术语仍有用，故答案为D.。

A.“坚持种族主义使不公和歧视更加持久”，原文只指出将种族用作研究种族主义的政治或社会范畴仍有必要，而不是坚持种族主义，故排除A.；B.“种族之间的生理学差异非常惊人”，第三段最后一句提到在一项研究中，两位欧裔美国科学家共有的基因序列变异少于他们每个人与韩国科学家共有的基因序列变异，这说明遗传差异不会按照种族界限固定下来，因此B.与原文表述相反，故排除； C.“消除种族歧视具有挑战性”，定位段指出充满挑战的是将种族用作研究种族主义的政治或社会范畴，而不是消除种族歧视，故该选项是对原文的曲解，故排除。 Part Ⅳ Translation

As China's economy surges, so does the number of people learning Chinese, which makes it become one of the favorite languages to be learned in the world. In recent years, Chinese universities have also made notable gains in the international university league table. Owing to the great progress of China's education, it's no wonder that China has become one of the most popular destinations for overseas students to study abroad.

In 2015, nearly four hundred thousand international students flocked into China to study. Their courses of study are no longer confined to the Chinese language and culture, but include Science and Engineering. In the global education market, America and Britain still play a leading role, but China is rapidly catching up.

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2016年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第1套)

Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on invention. Your essay should include the importance of invention and measures to be taken to encourage invention. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Part H Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A. It tries to predict the possible trends of global climate change. B. It studies the impacts of global climate change on people's lives. C. It links the science of climate change to economic and policy issues. D. It focuses on the efforts countries can make to deal with global warming. 2. A. It will take a long time before a consensus is reached on its impact. B. It would be more costly to deal with its consequences than to avoid it. C. It is the most pressing issue confronting all countries. D. It is bound to cause endless disputes among nations. 3. A. The transition to low-carbon energy systems. B. The cooperation among world major powers. C. The signing of a global agreement. D. The raising of people's awareness. 4. A. Carry out more research on it. B. Cut down energy consumption. C. Plan well in advance. D. Adopt new technology.

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5. A. When luck plays a role. B. what determines success.

C. Whether practice makes perfect. D. How important natural talent is.

6. A. It knocks at your door only once in a while. B. It is something that no one can possibly create. C. It comes naturally out of one's self-confidence. D. It means being good at seizing opportunities. 7. A. Luck rarely contributes to a person's success. B. One must have natural talent to be successful.

C. One should always be ready to seize opportunities. D. Practice is essential to becoming good at something.

8. A. Putting time and effort into fun things is profitable. B. People who love what they do care little about money. C. Being passionate about work can make one wealthy. D. People in need of money work hard automatically. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear

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three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard. 9. A. The stump of a giant tree. B. A huge piece of rock. C. The peak of a mountain. D. A tall chimney. 10. A. Human activity. B. Wind and water. C. Chemical processes. D. Fire and fury.

11. A. It is a historical monument. B. It was built in ancient times.

C. It is Indians' sacred place for worship. D. It was created by supernatural powers. 12. A. By sheltering them in a cave. B. By killing the attacking bears.

C. By lifting them well above the ground. D. By taking them to the top of a mountain.

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. 13. A. They will buy something from the convenience stores. B. They will take advantage of the time to rest a while. C. They will have their vehicles washed or serviced. D. They will pick up some souvenirs or gift items. 14. A. They can bring only temporary pleasures. B. They are meant for the extremely wealthy. C. They should be done away with altogether. D. They may eventually drive one to bankruptcy.

15. A. A good way to socialize is to have daily lunch with one's colleagues. B. Retirement savings should come first in one's family budgeting. C. A vacation will be affordable if one saves 20 dollars a week. D. Small daily savings can make a big difference in one's life. Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 16. A. They should be done away with. B. They are necessary in our lives. C. They enrich our experience. D. They are harmful to health.

17. A. They feel stressed out even without any challenges in life. B. They feel too overwhelmed to deal with life's problems. C. They are anxious to free themselves from life's troubles. D. They are exhausted even without doing any heavy work. ~ 18. A. They expand our mind.

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B. They prolong our lives. C. They narrow our focus. D.They lessen our burdens

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard. 19. A. It is not easily breakable. B. It came from a 3D printer.

C. It represents the latest style. D. It was made by a fashion designer.

20. A. When she had just graduated from her college. B. When she attended a conference in New York.

C. When she was studying at a fashion design school. D. When she attended a fashion show nine months ago. 21. A. It was difficult to print. B. It was hard to come by. C. It was hard and breakable. D. It was extremely expensive.

22. A. It is the latest model of a 3D printer. B. It is a plastic widely used in 3D printing.

C. It gives fashion designers room for imagination. D. It marks a breakthrough in printing material.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard. 23. A. They arise from the advances in technology. B. They have not been examined in detail so far. C. They are easy to solve with modern technology. D. They can't be solved without government support. 24. A. It is attractive to entrepreneurs. B. It demands huge investment. C. It focuses on new products. D. It is intensely competitive.

25. A. Cooperation with big companies. B. Recruiting more qualified staff.

C. In-service training of IT personnel. D. Sharing of costs with each other.

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

It is important that scientists be seen as normal people asking and answering important questions. Good, sound science depends on 26 , experiments and reasoned methodologies. It requires a

willingness to ask new questions and try new approaches. It requires one to take risks and experience failures. But good science also requires 27 understanding,clear explanation and concise presentation.

Our country needs more scientists who are willing to step out in the public 28 and offer their opinions on important matters. We need more scientists who can explain what they are doing in language

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that is 29 and understandable to the public. Those of us who are not scientists should also be prepared to support public engagement by scientists, and to 30 scientific knowledge into our public communications.

Too many people in this country, including some among our elected leadership, still do not understand how science works or why robust, long-range investments in research vitally matter. In the 1960s, the United States 31 nearly 17% of discretionary (可酌情支配的) spending to research and development,32 decades of economic growth. By 2008, the figure had fallen into the single 33 This occurs at a time when other nations have made significant gains in their own research capabilities.

At the University of California (UC), we 34 ourselves not only on the quality of our research, but also on its contribution to improving our world. To 35 the development of science from the lab bench to the market place, UC is investing our own money in our own good ideas. A. arena

B. contextual C. convincing D. devoted E. digits F. hasten

G. hypotheses H. impairing I. incorporate J. indefinite K. indulge L. inertia M. pride N. reaping O. warrant Section B

[A] Scan the highlights of this year's Consumer Electronics Show ( CES ), and you may get a slight feeling of having seen them before. Many of the coolest gadgets this year are the same as the coolest gadgets last year--or the year before, even. The booths are still exciting, and the demos are still just as crazy. It is still easy to be dazzled by the display of drones (无人机),3D printers,virtual reality goggles ( 眼镜) and more \"smart\" devices than you could ever hope to catalog.Upon reflection, however, it is equally easy to feel like you have seen it all before. And it is hard not to think: Are we in an innovation lull ( 间歇期) ? [B] In some ways, the answer is yes. For years, smartphones, televisions, tablets, laptops and desktops have made up a huge part of the market and driven innovation. But now these segments are looking at slower growth curves--or shrinking markets in some cases--as consumers are not as eager to spend money on new gadgets. Meanwhile, emerging technologies--the drones,3D printers and smart-home devices of the world--now seem a bit too old to be called \"the next big thing. \" [C] Basically the tech industry seems to be in an awkward period now. \"There is not any one-hit wonder, and there will not be one for years to come,\" said Gary Shapiro, president and chief executive of the Consumer Technology Association (CTA). In his eyes, however, that doesn't necessarily mean that innovation has stopped. It has just grown up a little. \"Many industries are going out of infancy and

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becoming adolescents,\" Shapiro said.

[D] For instance, new technologies that are building upon existing technology have not found their footing well enough to appeal to a mass audience, because, in many cases, they need to work effectively with other devices to realize their full appeal. Take the evolution of the smart home,for example. Companies are pushing it hard but make it almost overwhelming even to dip a toe in the water for the average consumer, because there are so many compatibility issues to think about. No average person wants to figure out whether their favorite calendar software works with their fridge or whether their washing machine and tablet get along. Having to install a different app for each smart appliance in your home is annoying; it would be nicer if you could manage everything together. And while you may forgive your smartphone an occasional fault, you probably have less patience for error messages from your door lock.

[E] Companies are promoting their own standards, and the market has not had time to choose a winner yet as this is still very new. Companies that have long focused on hardware now have to think of ecosystems instead to give consumers practical solutions to their everyday problems.\"The dialogue is changing from what is technologically possible to what is technologically meaningful,\" said economist Shawn DuBravac. DuBravac works for CTA--which puts on the show each year--and said that this shift to a search for solutions has been noticeable as he researched his predictions for 2016.

[F] \"So much of what CES has been about is the cool. It is about the flashiness and the gadgets,\" said John Curran, managing director of research at Accenture. \"But over the last couple of years,and in this one in particular, we are starting to see companies shift from what is the largest screen size, the smallest form factor or the shiniest object and more into what all of these devices do that is practical in a consumer's life. \" Even the technology press conferences, which have been high- profile in the past and reached a level of drama and theatrics fitting for a Las Vegas stage, have a different bent to them. Rather than just dazzling with a high cool factor, there is a focus on the practical. Fitbit, for example, released its first smartwatch Monday, selling with a clear purpose--to improve your fitness--and promoting it as a \"tool, not a toy. \" Not only that, it supports a number of platforms: Apple's iOS, Google's Android and Microsoft's Windows phone. [G] That seems to be what consumers are demanding, after all. Consumers are becoming increasingly bored with what companies have to offer: A survey of 28,000 consumers in 28 countries released by Accenture found consumers are not as excited about technology as they once were. For example, when asked whether they would buy a new smartphone this year, only 48 percent said yes--a six-point drop from 2015. [H] And when it comes to the hyper-connected super-smart world that technology firms are painting for us, it seems that consumers are growing more uneasy about handing over the massive amounts of consumer data needed to provide the personalized, customized solutions that companies need to improve their services. That could be another explanation for why companies seem to be strengthening their talk of the practicality of their devices.

[I] Companies have already won part of the battle, having driven tech into every part of our lives, tracking our steps and our very heartbeats. Yet the persistent question of \" Why do I need that?\"--or, perhaps more tellingly, \"Why do you need to know that?\"--dogs the steps of many new ventures. Only 13 percent of respondents said that they were interested in buying a smartwatch in 2016, for example--an increase of just one percent from the previous year despite a year of high-profile launches. That is bad news for any firm that may hope that smartwatches can make up ground for maturing smartphone and tablet markets. And the survey found flat demand for fitness monitors, smart thermostats (恒温器) and connected home cameras, as well. [J] According to the survey, that lack of enthusiasm could stem from concerns about privacy and security. Even among people who have bought connected devices of some kind,37 percent said that they are going to be more cautions about using these devices and services in the future. A full 18 percent have even returned devices until they feel they can get safer guarantees against having their sensitive

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information hacked.

[K] That, too, explains the heavy Washington presence at this year's show, as these new technologies intrude upon heavily regulated areas. In addition to many senior officials from the Federal Trade and Federal Communications commissions, this year's list of policy makers also includes appearances from Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx, to talk about smart cities, and Federal Aviation Administration Administrator Michael Huerta, to talk about drones.

[L] Curran, the Accenture analyst, said that increased government interest in the show makes sense as technology becomes a larger part of our lives. \"There is an incompatibility in the rate at which these are advancing relative to the way we're digesting it,\" he said. \"Technology is becoming bigger and more aspirational, and penetrating almost every aspect of our lives. We have to understand and think about the implications, and balance these great innovations with the potential downsides they naturally carry with them. \" 36. Consumers are often hesitant to try smart-home devices because they are worried about compatibility problems.

37. This year's electronics show featured the presence of many officials from the federal government. 38. The market demand for electronic devices is now either declining or not growing as fast as before. 39. One analyst suggests it is necessary to accept both tlie positive and negative aspects of innovative products.

40. The Consumer Electronics Show in recent years has begun to focus more on the practical value than the showiness of electronic devices.

41. Fewer innovative products were found at this year's electronic products show.

42. Consumers are becoming more worried about giving personal information to tech companies to get customized products and services.

43. The Consumer Technology Association is the sponsor of the annual Consumer Electronics Show. 44. Many consumers wonder about the necessity of having their fitness monitored.

45. The electronic industry is maturing even though no wonder products hit the market. Section C

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

The Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year heralded a new era for climate action.For the first time, the world's nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2℃. This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world's greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.

Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate \"free-riders\": causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while incurring few of the costs such as climate change's impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.

On the flip side, there are many \"forced riders\despite having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world's most climatevulnerable countries, the majority of which are African or small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.

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The Paris agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing \"climate justice\" can be best described as sketchy. The goal of keeping global temperature rise \"well below\" 2~C is commendable but the emissions-reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Paris talks are very unlikely to deliver on this. More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds, and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries. The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilisation of the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.

And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers. 46. The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because A. it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nations B. it aims to keep temperature rise below 2℃ only

C. it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countries

D. it burdens developed countries with the sole responsibility

47. Why does the author call some developed countries climate \"free-riders\"? A. They needn't worry about the food and water they consume. B. They are better able to cope with the global climate change. C. They hardly pay anything for the problems they have caused.

D. They are free from the greenhouse effects affecting \"forced riders\". 48. Why does the author compare the \"forced riders\" to second-hand smokers? A. They have little responsibility for public health problems. B. They are vulnerable to unhealthy environmental conditions. C. They have to bear consequences they are not responsible for. D. They are unaware of the potential risks they are confronting. 49. What does the author say about the $100 billion funding? A. It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions. B. There is no final agreement on where it will come from. C. There is no clarification of how the money will be spent. D. It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide.

50. what urgent action must be taken to realise the Paris climate agreement? A. Encouraging high-emitting nations to take the initiative. B. Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts. C. Pushing the current world leaders to come to a consensus. D. Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once. Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. Teenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon (霓虹灯)sign. Their risky behaviors--drinking too much alcohol, using illegal drugs, smoking cigarettes and skipping school--can alert parents and teachers that serious problems are brewing.

But a new study finds that there's another group of adolescents who are in nearly as much danger of experiencing the same psychiatric symptoms: teens who use tons of media, don't get enough sleep and

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have a sedentary (不爱活动的) lifestyle.

Of course, that may sound like a description of every teenager on the planet. But the study warns that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme who are truly in jeopardy.Because their behaviors are not usually seen as a red flag, these young people have been dubbed the \"invisible risk\" group by the study's authors.

\"In some ways they're at greater risk of falling through the cracks,\" says researcher Vladimir Carli. \"While most parents, teachers and clinicians would react to an adolescent using drugs or getting drunk, they may easily overlook teenagers who are engaging in inconspicuous behaviors.\"

The study's authors surveyed 12,395 students and analyzed nine risk behaviors, including excessive alcohol use, illegal drug use, heavy smoking, high media use and truancy (逃学). Their aim was to determine the relationship between these risk behaviors and mental health issues in teenagers. About 58% of the students demonstrated none or few of the risk behaviors. Some 13% scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors. And 29%, the \"invisible risk\" group, scored high on three in particular: They spent five hours a day or more on electronic devices. They slept six hours a night or less. And they neglected \"other healthy activities.\"

The group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms of depression; in all, nearly 15% of this group reported being depressed, compared with just 4% of the low-risk group. But the invisible group wasn't far behind the high-risk set, with more than 13% of them exhibiting depression. The findings caught Carli off guard. \"We were very surprised,\" he says. \"The high-risk group and low-risk group are obvious. But this third group was not only unexpected, it was so distinct and so large--nearly one third of our sample--that it became a key finding of the study. \" Carli says that one of the most significant things about his study is that it provides new early-warning signs for parents, teachers and mental health-care providers. And early identification, support and treatment for mental health issues, he says, are the best ways to keep them from turning into full-blown disorders.

51. What does the author mean by saying \"Teenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon sign\" (Lines 1 - 2, Para.1 ) ?

A. Mental problems can now be found in large numbers of teenagers. B. Teenagers' mental problems are getting more and more attention.

C. Teenagers' mental problems are often too conspicuous not to be observed. D. Depression and anxiety are the most common symptoms of mental problems. 52. What is the finding of the new study?

A. Teenagers' lifestyles have changed greatly in recent years. B. Many teenagers resort to drugs or alcohol for mental relief. C. Teenagers experiencing psychological problems tend to use a lot of media. D. Many hitherto unobserved youngsters may have psychological problems.

53. Why do the researchers refer to teens who use tons of media, don't get enough sleep and have a sedentary lifestyle as the \"invisible risk\" group?

A. Their behaviors can be an invisible threat to society. B. Their behaviors do not constitute a warning signal. C. Their behaviors do not tend towards mental problems.

D. Their behaviors can be found in almost all teenagers on earth. 54. What does the new study find about the invisible group?

A. They are almost as liable to depression as the high-risk group. B. They suffer from depression without showing any symptoms. C. They do not often demonstrate risky behaviors as their peers. D. They do not attract the media attention the high-risk group does.

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55. What is the significance of Vladimir Carli's study?

A. It offers a new treatment for psychological problems among teenagers. B. It provides new early-warning signals for identifying teens in trouble.

C. It may have found an ideal way to handle teenagers with behavioral problems. D. It sheds new light on how unhealthy behaviors trigger mental health problems. Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

随着生活水平的提高，度假在中国人生活中的作用越来越重要。过去，中国人的时间主要花在谋生上，很少有机会外出旅行。然而，近年来中国旅游业发展迅速。经济的繁荣和富裕中产阶级的出现，引发了一个前所未有的旅游热潮。中国人不仅在国内旅游，出国旅游也越来越普遍。2016年国庆节假日期间，旅游消费总计超过4000亿元。据世界贸易组织估计，2020年中国将成为世界上最大的旅游国，在未来几年里将成为出境旅游支出增长最快的国家。

2016年12月大学英语六级考试真题答案与详解 (第1套)

Part I Writing

高分范文

My View on Invention

① Drawing a comparison between modern life and ancient life, we cannot imagine what life will be like now without invention. ②Invention must be attached great importance to, as it is invention that contributes to theadvancement of our society. ③There are several examples which can be cited to illustrate this concept. ④I can think of no better illustration than the following one. ⑤If Edisonhadn't invented the light bulb, we would have lived a life asthe blind in the night. ⑥Given that invention plays such an essential role in our life, what can we do to cultivate this precious spirit? ⑦ For one thing, it is advisable for the social media and publicity department to vigorously inform the public of the importance of invention. ⑧ For another, the relevant authorities should set up favorable regulations to encourage invention. ⑨ For example, they can set up the practice of giving premiums or issuing patent certificate to inventors.

⑩Finally, I want to use the following saying as our mutual encouragement, \"Invention is the spirit of human being's progress. \"⑪ At no time should we underestimate the power of invention. ⑫ Therefore, when an idea comes to your mind, just make your own invention.

作文答案全文翻译

Part II Listening Comprehension

Conversation One 听力全文翻译

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1． C.。查看解析 2． B.。查看解析 3． A.。查看解析 4． C.。查看解析 Conversation Two

W: I have many business English students. When I teach in the classroom, (5) we often end up talking

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about things like success and what leads to success, and it's interesting that many of them mention the element of luck. M: Right.

W: Luck is important to success, but since you've seen that fantastic video on the TED Talks website by Richard St. John...he doesn't mention luck at all.

M: Well, I'm a firm believer that people can make their own luck. I mean, what people regard as luck you can actually create to a degree.

W: Sure. (6-1) I think a lot of what people consider luck is attributed to how you respond to the opportunities that come your way. M: Yes. Very good point.

W: (6-2) Seizing the opportunities. But was there any point in the video that you thought was particularly interesting? M: Yes, actually there was. Something very impressive to me is many people think that luck is important and that natural talent is something you must have in order to be successful (7) And in the video we saw, the point about getting good at something is not about having some natural talent. It's all about practice,practice, practice.

W: Definitely yeah. Natural talent helps in some way. But at the end of the day, you really do need to work hard and get really, really good at what you do. M: Sure.

W: I thought one interesting thing in the video was the idea of passion being so important. And there're people who really love what they do--of course, you're going to want to work harder and put the time and effort into it. (8) And the funny thing is that if you love what you do and are really passionate about it and work really hard, then money kind of comes automatically. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5． B。查看解析 6． D。查看解析 7．D。查看解析 8．C。查看解析

Passage One 听力全文翻译

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.。 9． A。查看解析

10．What caused the volcano’s outer layers to wear away?

B。短文在描绘魔鬼塔的形成过程时提到，地心熔岩冲出地面形成了火山颈，火山岩冷却硬化后，收缩碎裂变成了长形的柱子，即魔鬼塔。后来，火山的外层不断被风和水侵蚀，露出了坚硬的核心部分。由此可知，火山外层是被风和水侵蚀掉的，故答案为B。

11．What does all Indian legend say about Devils Tower?

D。短文中提到，关于魔鬼塔的形成，印第安人流传着一个传说，传说魔鬼塔是由超自然的力量形成的。因此答案为D。

12．C。查看解析 Passage Two 听力全文翻译

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. 13． A。查看解析 14. A。查看解析

15. What does the speaker want to show by the example of the Chicago woman? D 。短文末尾提到，一位芝加哥妇女发现每天与同事外出吃午饭，一年就花费2，000美元，她决定自己带饭，每

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周省下20美元存起来用于度假，另外20美元用于退休养老，她说这样比吃饭更有意义。这个例子说明，小笔的日常积蓄可以改变一个人的生活，即，小笔的日常积蓄对于一个人的生活意义重大，故答案为D。

Recording One 听力全文翻译

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 16． B。查看解析 17． B。查看解析 18． A。查看解析 Recording Two

In the past few months, I've been traveling for weeks at a time with only one suitcase of clothes. One day, I was invited to an important event, and I wanted to wear something special for it. I looked through my suitcase but couldn't find anything to wear. (19) I was lucky to be at the technology conference then, and I had access to 3D printers. So I quickly designed a skirt on my computer, and I loaded the file on the printer.It just printed the pieces overnight. The next morning, I just took all the pieces, assembled them together in my hotel room, and this is actually the skirt that I'm wearing right now.

So it wasn't the first time that I printed clothes. (20) For my senior collection at fashion design school, I decided to try and 3D print an entire fashion collection from my home. The problem was that I barely knew anything about 3D printing, and I had only nine months to figure out how to print five fashionable looks.

I always felt most creative when I worked from home. I loved experimenting with new materials, and I always tried to develop new techniques to make the most unique textiles for my fashion projects. One summer break, I came here to New York for an internship at a fashion house in Chinatown. We worked on two incredible dresses that were 3D printed. They were amazing--like you can see here. But I had a few problems with them. (21) They were made from hard plastics and that's why they were very breakable.The models couldn't sit in them, and they even got scratched from the plastics under their arms.

So now, the main challenge was to find the right material for printing clothes with, I mean the material you feed the printer with. (22) The breakthrough came when I was introduced to Filaflex, which is a new kind of printing material. It's strong, yet very flexible. And with it, I was able to print the first garment, a red jacket that had the word \"freedom\" embedded into it. And actually, you can easily download this jacket, and change the word to something else, for example, your name or your sweetheart's name.

So I think in the future, materials will evolve, and they will look and feel like fabrics we know today, like cotton or silk.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard. 19． B。查看解析 20． C。查看解析。 21．C。查看解析 22． D。查看解析 Recording Three 听力全文翻译

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

预览三道题各选项，由arise，examined，solve，entrepreneurs，companies等词可以推测，讲座与企业发展有关，内容可能涉及企业发展所面临的问题及解决方法等。 23． A。查看解析 24 ．D。查看解析

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25．What is a practical solution to the problems of small-and medium-sized businesses?

D。讲座末尾提到，如果中小企业有相似的需求，而彼此之间没有直接的竞争关系，那么分担升级成本是解决资金困难的一个非常实用的方法。因此答案为D。 Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

阅读全文翻译

名词：A.arena舞台，竞技场；E.digits数字；G.hypotheses假设；L.inertia惯性，惰性；O.warrant授权，授权令

动词：D.devoted献身于，把……专用于；F.hasten加速；H.impairing损害；I.incorporate合并，使并入；K.indulge放纵，使沉溺于；M.pride以……为豪；N.reaping收获形容词：B.contextual上下文的，情境的，前后关联的；C.convincing有说服力的，使人信服的；J.indefinite不确定的

26．G.hypotheses。查看解析 27．B.contextual。查看解析

28．A.arena。空格位于形容词之后，据此判断可填入名词，并与public连用构成固定搭配。故推测句意为“我们的国家需要更多科学家登上公共舞台”。因此填入A.arena“舞台，竞技场”。在备选项中，digitS意为“数字”，inertia意为“惯性，惰性”，warrant意为“授权，授权令”，均不符合文意，且不能与public搭配，故排除。

29．C.convincing。空格位于以that引导的定语从句中，此定语从句使用了主系表结构，据此判断应填入形容词，且此形容词可以用来修饰language“语言”。根据句意“他们能够用令人信服并且让人们听得懂的语言，对公众解释自己的所作所为”可知，答案为C.convincing“有说服力的，使人信服的”。在备选项中，indefinite意为“不确定的”，与文意相反，故排除。 30．I.incorporate。查看解析 31．D.devoted。查看解析

32．N.reaping。空格位于句子的主体结构之外，描述主句动词所引发的结果，属于结果状语成分，据此判断可填人现在分词。根据句意“美国将大约17％的可支配收入专门用于科学研究，________了数十年的经济增长”可知，答案为N.reaping“收获”。在备选项中，impairing意为“损害”，不符合文意，故排除。 33．E.digits。查看解析 34．M.pride。空格位于句子的谓语动词处，且此动词应能够与on构成固定搭配，备选项中只有M.pride“以……为豪”，符合语法要求。所在旬意为“我们不仅为我们的科研质量自豪，也为我们的科研为改进世界所做出的贡献自豪”。在备选项中，hasten意为“加速”，indulge意为“放纵，使沉溺于”，均与文意不符，故排除。 35．F.hasten。查看解析

阅读全文翻译

36. [D]。查看解析 37. [K]。查看解析

38. The market demand for electronic devices is now either declining or not growing as fast as before. 市场对于电子设备的需求现在不是在下降就是没有之前增长的那么快了。由题干关键词market定位到原文画线处。

[B]段第二、三句提到，近年来，智能手机、电视、平板电脑、笔}己本、台式机占据了市场的大部分份额并引领着创新。但是现在这些产品的增长曲线已经减缓——或者在某些情况下市场份额已经缩水——因为消费者没有那么想要花钱买一些新的玩意儿了。题干中的electronic devices指原文中酶smartphones，televisions，

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tablets，laptops and desktops；declining和not growing对应原文中的slower growth curves和shrinking markets，故答案为[B]。 39. [L] 查看解析。 40. [F] 查看解析。

41. Fewer innovative products were found at this year's electronic products show. 今年的电子产品展上创新产品变少了。

由题干关键词this year's electronic products show定位到原文画线处。

[A]段提到，很多今年最炫酷的小玩意儿和去年的甚至前年的都一样，题干中的innovative products对应原文中的 coolest gadgets，故答案为[A]。

42. Consumers are becoming more worried about giving personal information to tech companies to get customized products and services.

消费者越来越担心为获得个性化产品和服务而将个人信息交给科技公司的这种做法了。由题干关键词Consumers，custonfized和services定位到原文画线处。

[H]段提到，对于科技公司为我们描绘的超连接超智能世界，它们需要大量的消费者数据以提高服务水平，为消费者提供个性化的解决方法，但消费者似乎对这种方式感到越来越不安。题于中的becoming more worried about对应原文中的growing more uneasy about；personal information对应原文中的consumer data，故答案为[H]。 43. [E]。查看解析 44. [I]。查看解析 45． [C]。查看解析

Passage One 阅读全文翻译

46．A.。查看解析

47．C.。由题干中的“free—riders”定位到文章第三段第一句：Developed nations such as Australia，the United States．．．causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions，while incurring few of the costs such as climate change’s impact on food and water．

事实细节题。定位句指出，少数发达国家在碳排放方面责任最大，但是因气候变化而付出的代价却较小，作者在随后一句中解释说，他们因消费矿物燃料而受益，却对气候变化带来的问题没有负相应的责任，这与搭便车者相似，受益而不付出什么代价。可见，作者的意思是指他们几乎不需要为他们所引发的问题负责，故答案为C.。 A.“他们不需要为自己所消耗的食物和水担忧”，根据定位句，食物和水只是气候变化可能引发的部分问题，作者是用于举例，不可以偏概全，故排除；B.“他们能够更好地应对全球气候变化”，作者在定位句及随后的句子中明确指出，他们是不为自己引发的问题负责，而没有提到应对能力的问题，可以排除；D.“他们不受影响‘被迫上车的乘客’的温室效应的干扰”，“被迫上车的乘客”只是一个比喻，该项将温室效应和“被迫上车的乘客”联系在一起，是对文章的曲解，可以排除。 48．C.。查看解析 49．B.。查看解析 50．D.。查看解析 Passage Two

(51)面临抑郁、焦虑和自杀风险的青少年，常常把自己的问题表现得如同霓虹灯标识一般明目昭彰。他们的一些危险行为——过量饮酒、使用违禁药品、抽烟以及逃学——能够警示家长和老师严重的问题即将发生。

但是一项新的研究显示，另一个青少年群体几乎面临着同样严重的精神病征风险：那些大量使用多媒体，睡眠不足和不爱活动的孩子。

当然，这听上去像是在说这个星球上的每一个青少年。但研究警示，在上述三个方面均有极端表现的孩子才是真正的高危人群。(53)由于他们的行为通常并不被视为危险信号，这些年轻人被研究者标记为“风险”人群。 “从某种意义上讲，他们更易深陷困境，”研究人员弗拉基米尔·卡利说，“大多数家长、老师和医生会对青少年滥用药品或酗酒有所反应，而却很容易忽视这些深陷此类难以察觉的行为的青少年。”

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研究者们调查了12395名学生，分析了九种风险行为，包括酗酒、使用违禁药品、吸烟成瘾、过量使用多媒体和逃学。其目的在于确定青少年中存在的这些高危行为和精神健康问题之间的相互关系。

大约58％的学生没有表现出或极少表现出这些高危行为。大约l3％的学生在全部九种高危行为上计分尤其高。而29％为“风险”群体，在三类行为上计分尤其高：他们每天花在电子设备上的时间在五个小时以上；他们晚间的睡眠只有或少于六个小时；他们忽视“其他健康活动”。

在全部九种高危行为上都有高计分的群体最易表现出抑郁症症状；整体来看，这个群体中有15％报告有抑郁倾向，而低风险群体只有4％报告存在这类问题。(54)但风险人群也与高危人群相差无几，他们中有13％表现出抑郁症状。

研究结果令卡利始料未及。“我们十分震惊，”他说，“高危人群和低危群体是显而易见的，(52)但是这个第三类群体不仅是出乎意料的，而且十分明显，数量庞大——占我们样本数量的三分之一——成为这个研究的关键性发现。” (55)卡利说，他的研究最为关键的一点在于为家长、教师和精神保健服务人员提供新的早期警示信号。尽早发现，并对精神健康问题提供支持和治疗，他说，这对于防止他们变成完全意义上的失常者是最佳的方法。

51．C.。查看解析 52．D.。查看解析 53．B.。查看解析 54．A.。查看解析 55．B.。查看解析

Part IV Translation

With the improvement of living standards, holiday is occupying a more and more prominent position in Chinese people's life. In the past, making a living takes most of people's time, which gives them rare chance to go off on a trip. However, tourism has undergone a rapid growth in China for the past several years. The prosperity of economy and the emergence of the affluent middle class trigger an unprecedented tourism boom.

Not only does domestic traveling become common, but traveling abroad is also enjoying an increasing popularity among Chinese people. During the National Day holidays in 2016, tourism consumption amounts to more than 400 billion yuan. According to the statistical data by the World Trade Organization, China will have become the world's largest tourism country by 2020, and she will also see the fastest growth in overseas traveling expenditure in the next few years.

1．翻译第一句时，“随着生活水平的提高”可像参考泽文那样译为With伴随结构，也可译为as引导的时间状语从句，即As living standards improve，其中“提高”还可译为go up，upgrade，rise，enhance等。“在……中的作用越来越重要”可以直译为Nay an increasingly important role in…，也可像参考译文那样，意译为“占据越来越重要的地位”。

2．翻译第二句时，可以把中国人作为主语，即Chinese people spend most of their time in…，and they seldom have chance to…，也可像参考泽文那样，将“谋生”作为主语，即“谋生花费了人们大量的时间，使得他们很少有机会外出旅行”。其中，“谋生”还可泽为earn a living，seek a livelihood等。

3．翻译第三句时，“中国旅游业发展迅速”除了像参考译文那样意泽为“经历了快速发展”以外，还可直泽为China’s tourism industry has developed rapidly in recent years。

4．翻译第四句时，关键点是“引发”的译法，除了译为trigger以外，还可译为bring about，give rise to等。“前所未有的”最常见的译法是unprecedented。

5．翻译第五句时，关键是表示“不仅……也……”的not only…but also…的使用，not only位于句首时，前半句使用倒装语序，后半句使用陈述语序。除了参考译文的泽法外，本句简单的译法是把“中国人”作为主语，即Not only do Chinese people travel domestically，but they travel abroad more and more oft,en as well．“受欢迎”既可译为popular，还可译为enjoy a popularity。 6 ．翻译第六句时，关键点是“总计”的翻译，除可译为amotmt to以外，还可泽为add up to等。

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7．翻译第七旬时，主要是时态的使用，“2020年中国将成为世界上最大的旅游国”应该使用将来完成时，“在未来几年里将成为出境旅游支出增长最快的国家”应使用一般将来时。其中，“将成为出境旅游支出增长最快的国家”可直译为will become a country with the fastest—growing overseas travel expense，还可像参考译文那样意译为“见证旅游支出的最快增长”。

2016年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第3套)

Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on creation. Your essay should include the importance of creation and measures to be taken to encourage creation. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

（说明：由于2016年12月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现）

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A

Directions : In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

Small communities, with their distinctive character--where life is stable and intensely human—are disappearing. Some have 26 from the face of the earth, others are dying slowly, but all have 27 changes as they have come into contact with an 28 machine civilization. The merging of diverse peoples into a common mass has produced tension among members of the minorities and the majority alike. The Old Order Amish, who arrived on American shores in colonial times, have 29 in the modem world in resisted the homogenization 30 more successfully than distinctive, small communities. They have

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others. In planting and harvest time one can see their bearded men working the fields with horses and their women hanging out the laundry in neat rows to dry. Many American people have seen Amish families, with the men wearing broad-brimmed black hats and the women in long dresses,

in railway or bus 31 Although the Amish have lived with 32 America for over two and a half centuries, they have moderated its influence on their personal lives, their families, communities, and their values.

The Amish are often 33 by other Americans to be relics of the past who live a simple, inflexible life dedicated to inconvenient out-dated customs. They are seen as abandoning both modem 34 and the American dream of success and progress. But most people have no quarrel with the Amish for doing things the old-fashioned way. Their conscientious objection was tolerated in wartime, for after all, they are good farmers who 35 the virtues of work and thrift. A. accessing B. conveniences C. destined D. expanding

E. industrialized F. perceived G. practice H. process I. progress J. respective K. survived L. terminals M. undergone N. universal O. vanished Section B

[A] On a glacier-filled island with fjords (峡湾) and elephant seals, Russia has built Antarctica's first Orthodox church on a hill overlooking its research base. Less than an hour away by

snowmobile,Chinese labourers have updated the Great Wall Station, a vital part of China's plan to operate five bases on Antarctica, complete with an indoor badminton court and sleeping quarters for 150 people. Not to be outdone, India's futuristic new Bharathi base, built on stilts (桩子) using 134 interlocking shipping containers, resembles a spaceship. Turkey and Iran have announced plans to build bases, too.

[B] More than a century has passed since explorers raced to plant their flags at the bottom of the world, and for decades to come this continent is supposed to be protected as a scientific

preserve,shielded from intrusions like military activities and mining. But an array of countries are rushing to assert greater influence here, with an eye not just towards the day those protective treaties expire,but also for the strategic and commercial opportunities that already exist.

[C] The newer players are stepping into what they view as a treasure house of resources. Some of the ventures focus on the Antarctic resources that are already up for grabs, like abundant sea life.South Korea, which operates state-of-the-art bases here, is increasing its fishing of krill (磷虾),found in in the Southern Ocean, while Russia recently frustrated efforts to create one of the world's abundance

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largest ocean sanctuaries here.

[D] Some scientists are examining the potential for harvesting icebergs from Antarctica, which is estimated to have the biggest reserves of fresh water on the planet. Nations are also pressing ahead with space research and satellite projects to expand their global navigation abilities.

[E] Building on a Soviet-era foothold, Russia is expanding its monitoring stations for Glonass, its version of the Global Positioning System (GPS). At least three Russian stations are already operating in Antarctica, part of its effort to challenge the dominance of the American GPS, and new stations are planned for sites like the Russian base, in the shadow of the Orthodox Church of the Holy Trinity. [F] Elsewhere in Antarctica, Russian researchers boast of their recent discovery of a freshwater reserve the size of Lake Ontario after drilling through miles of solid ice. \"You can see that we're here to stay,\" said Vladimir Cheberdak,57, chief of the Bellingshausen Station, as he sipped tea under a portrait of Fabian Gottlieb yon Bellingshausen, a high-ranking officer in the Imperial Russian Navy who explored the Antarctic coast in 1820.

[G] Antarctica's mineral, oil and gas wealth are a longer-team prize. The treaty banning mining here, shielding coveted ( 令人垂涎的 ) reserves of iron ore, coal and chromium, comes up for review in 2048. Researchers recently found kimberlite (金伯利岩 ) deposits hinting at the existence of diamonds. And while assessments vary widely, geologists estimate that Antarctica holds at least 36 billion barrels of oil and natural gas.

[H] Beyond the Antarctic treaties, huge obstacles persist to tapping these resources, like drifting icebergs that could jeopardise offshore platforms. Then there is Antarctica's remoteness, with some mineral deposits found in windswept locations on a continent that is larger than Europe and where winter temperatures hover around minus 55 degrees Celsius.

[I] But advances in technology might make Antarctica a lot more accessible three decades from now.And even before then, scholars warn, the demand for resources in an energy-hungry world could raise pressure to renegotiate Antarctica's treaties, possibly allowing more commercial endeavours here well before the prohibitions against them expire. The research stations on King George Island offer a glimpse into the long game on this ice-blanketed continent as nations assert themselves, eroding the sway long held by countries like the United States, Britain, Australia and New Zealand. [J]Being stationed in Antarctica involves adapting to life on the planet's driest, windiest and coldest continent, yet each nation manages to make itself at home. Bearded Russian priests offer regular services at the Orthodox church for the 16 or so Russian speakers who spend the winter at the base, largely polar scientists in fields like glaciology and meteorology. Their number climbs to about 40 in the warmer summer months. China has arguably the fastest-growing operations in Antarctica. It opened its fourth station last year and is pressing ahead with plans to build a fifth. It is building its second ice-breaking ship and setting up research drilling operations on an ice dome13,422 feet above sea level that is one of the planet's coldest places. Chinese officials say the expansion in Antarctica prioritises scientific research, but they also acknowledge that concerns about \"resource security\" influence their moves.

[K] China's newly renovated Great Wall Station on King George Island makes the Russian and Chilean bases here seem outdated. \"We do weather monitoring here and other research,\" Ning Xu,53, the chief of the Chinese base, said over tea during a fierce blizzard (baofengxuE. in late November.The large base he leads resembles a snowed-in college campus on holiday break, with the capacity to sleep more than 10 times the 13 people who were staying on through the Antarctic winter.Yong Yu, a Chinese microbiologist, showed off the spacious building, with empty desks under an illustrated timeline detailing the rapid growth of China's Antarctic operations since the 1980s. \"We now feel equipped to grow,\" he said.

[L] As some countries expand operations in Antarctica, the United States maintains three year-round stations on the continent with more than 1,000 people during the southern hemisphere's summer, including

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those at the Amundsen-Scott station, built in 1956 at an elevation of 9,301 feet on a plateau at the South Pole. But US researchers quietly complain about budget restraints and having far fewer icebreakers than Russia, limiting the reach of the United States in Antarctica.

[M] Scholars warn that Antarctica's political drift could blur the distinction between military and civilian activities long before the continent's treaties come up for renegotiation, especially in parts of Antarctica that are ideal for intercepting (拦截) signals from satellites or retasking satellite systems, potentially enhancing global electronic intelligence operations.

[N] Some countries have had a hard time here. Brazil opened a research station in 1984, but it was largely destroyed by a fire that killed two members of the navy in 2012, the same year that a diesel-laden Brazilian barge sank near the base. As if that were not enough, a Brazilian C-130 Hercules military transport plane has remained stranded near the runway of Chile's air base here since it crash-landed in 2014. [O] However, Brazil's stretch of misfortune has created opportunities for China, with a Chinese company winning the $100 million contract in 2015 to rebuild the Brazilian station.

[P] Amid all the changes, Antarctica maintains its allure. South Korea opened its second Antarctic research base in 2014, describing it as a way to test robots developed by Korean researchers for use in extreme conditions. With Russia's help, Belarus is preparing to build its first Antarctic base. Colombia said this year that it planned to join other South American nations with bases in Antarctica. [Q] \"The old days of the Antarctic being dominated by the interests and wishes of white men from European, Australasian and North American states are over,\" said Klaus Dodds, a politics scholar at the University of London who specialises in Antarctica. \"The reality is that Antarctica is geopolitically contested.\" 36. According to Chinese officials, their activities in Antarctica lay greater emphasis on scientific research.

37. Efforts to create one of the world's largest ocean sanctuaries failed because of Russia's obstruction. 38. With several monitoring stations operating in Antarctica, Russia is trying hard to counter America's dominance in the field of worldwide navigational facilities.

39. According to geologists' estimates, Antarctica has enormous reserves of oil and natural gas. 40. It is estimated that Antarctica boasts of the richest reserves of fresh water on earth.

41. The demand for energy resources may compel renegotiation of Antarctica's treaties before their expiration.

42. Many countries are racing against each other to increase their business and strategic influence on Antarctica.

43. Antarctica's harsh natural conditions constitute huge obstacles to the exploitation of its resources.

44. With competition from many countries, Antarctica is no longer dominated by the traditional white nations.

45. American scientists complain about lack of sufficient money and equipment for their expansion in Antarctica. Section C

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Any veteran nicotine addict will testify that fancy packaging plays no role in the decision to keep smoking. So, it is argued, stripping cartons of their branding will trigger no mass movement to quit.

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But that isn't why the government--under pressure from cancer charities, health workers and the Labour party--has agreed to legislate for standardised packaging. The theory is that smoking should be stripped of any appeal to discourage new generations from starting in the first place. Plain packaging would be another step in the reclassification of cigarettes from inviting consumer products to narcotics (麻醉剂). Naturally, the tobacco industry is violently opposed. No business likes to admit that it sells addictive poison as a lifestyle choice. That is why government has historically intervened, banning advertising, imposing health warnings and punitive ( 惩罚性的) duties. This approach has led over time to a fall in smoking with numbers having roughly halved since the 1970s. Evidence from Australia suggests plain packaging pushes society further along that road. Since tobacco is one of the biggest causes of premature death in the UK, a measure that tames the habit even by a fraction is worth trying.

So why has it taken so long? The Department of Health declared its intention to consider the move in November 2010 and consulted through 2012. But the plan was suspended in July 2013. It did not escape notice that a lobbying firm set up by Lynton Crosby, David Cameron's election campaign director, had previously acted for Philip Morris International. (The prime minister denied there was a connection between his new adviser's outside interests and the change in legislative programme.) In November 2013, after an unnecessary round of additional consultation, health minister Jane Ellison said the government was minded to proceed after all. Now we are told Members of Parliament (MPs) will have a free vote before parliament is dissolved in March.

Parliament has in fact already authorised the government to tame the tobacco trade. MPs voted overwhelmingly in favour of Labour amendments to the children and families bill last February that included the power to regulate for plain packaging. With sufficient will in Downing Street this would have been done already. But strength of will is the missing ingredient where Mr. Cameron and public health are concerned. His attitude to state intervention has looked confused ever since his bizarre 2006 lament (叹惜) that chocolate oranges placed seductively at supermarket checkouts fueled obesity. The government has moved reluctantly into a sensible public health policy, but with such obvious over-cautiousness that any political credit due belongs to the opposition. Without sustained external pressure it seems certain Mr. Cameron would still be hooked on the interests of big tobacco companies. 46. What do chain smokers think of cigarette packaging? A. Fancy packaging can help to engage new smokers.

B. It has little to do with the quality or taste of cigarettes. C. Plain packaging discourages non-smokers from taking up smoking.

D. It has little impact on their decision whether or not to quit smoking. 47. What has the UK government agreed to do concerning tobacco packaging? A. Pass a law to standardise cigarette packaging. B. Rid cigarette cartons of all advertisements. C. Subsidise companies to adopt plain packaging. D. Reclassify cigarettes according to packaging.

48. What has happened in Australia where plain packaging is implemented? A. Premature death rates resulting from smoking have declined. B. The number of smokers has dropped more sharply than in the UK. C. The sales of tobacco substitutes have increased considerably.

D. Cigarette sales have been falling far more quickly than in the UK.

49. Why has it taken so long for the UK government to consider plain packaging? A. Prime Minister Cameron has been reluctant to take action. B. There is strong opposition from veteran nicotine addicts. C. Many Members of Parliament are addicted to smoking. D. Pressure from tobacco manufacturers remains strong.

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50. What did Cameron say about chocolate oranges at supermarket checkouts? A. They fueled a lot of controversy. B. They attracted a lot of smokers. C. They made more British people obese. D. They had certain ingredients missing. Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

What a waste of money! In return for an average of ~44,000 of debt, students get an average of only 14 hours of lecture and tutorial time a week in Britain. Annual fees have risen from ￡1,000 to ￡9,000 in the last decade, but contact time at university has barely risen at all. And graduating doesn't even provide any guarantee of a decent job : six in ten graduates today are in non-graduate jobs. No wonder it has become fashionable to denounce many universities as little more than elaborate con-tricks (骗术). There's a lot for students to complain about: the repayment threshold for paying back loans will be frozen for five years, meaning that lower-paid graduates have to start repaying their loans; and maintenance grants have been replaced by loans, meaning that students from poorer backgrounds face higher debt than those with wealthier parents.

Yet it still pays to go to university. If going to university doesn't work out, students pay very little--if any--of their tuition fees back: you only start repaying when you are earning ￡21,000 a year.

Almost half of graduates--those who go on to earn less--will have a portion of their debt written off. It's not just the lectures and tutorials that are important. Education is the sum of what students teach each other in between lectures and seminars. Students do not merely benefit while at university; studies show- they go on to be healthier and happier than non-graduates, and also far more likely to vote.

Whatever your talents, it is extraordinarily difficult to get a leading job in most fields without having been to university. Recruiters circle elite universities like vultures (兀鹰). Many top firms will not even look at applications from those who lack a 2.1, i. e., an upper-second class degree, from an elite university. Students at university also meet those likely to be in leading jobs in the future, forming contacts for life. This might not be right, but school-leavers who fail to acknowledge as much risk making the wrong decision about going to university.

Perhaps the reason why so many universities offer their students so little is they know studying at a top university remains a brilliant investment even if you don't learn anything. Studying at university will only become less attractive if employers shift their focus away from where someone went to university--and there is no sign of that happening anytime soon. Schoololeavers may moan, but they have little choice but to embrace university and the student debt that comes with it. 51. What is the author's opinion of going to university? A. It is worthwhile after all. B. It is simply a waste of time.

C. It is hard to say whether it is good or bad. D. It is too expensive for most young people.

52. What does the author say about the employment situation of British university graduates? A. Few of them are satisfied with the jobs they are offered. B. It usually takes a long time for them to find a decent job. C. Graduates from elite universities usually can get decent jobs. D. Most of them take jobs which don't require a college degree.

53. What does the author say is important for university students besides classroom instruction? A. Making sure to obtain an upper-second class degree.

B. Practical skills they will need in their future careers.

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C. Interactions among themselves outside the classroom. D. Developing independent and creative thinking abilities. 54. What is said to be an advantage of going to university? A. Learning how to take risks in an ever-changing world. B. Meeting people who will be helpful to you in the future. C. Having opportunities of playing a leading role in society. D. Gaining up-to-date knowledge in science and technology. 55. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. It is natural for students to make complaints about university education. B. Few students are willing to bear the burden of debt incurred at university. C. University education is becoming attractive to students who can afford it. D. The prestige of the university influences employers' recruitment decisions. Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

农业是中国的一个重要产业，从业者超过3亿。中国农业产量全球第一，主要生产水稻、小麦和豆类。

虽然中国的农业用地仅占世界的百分之十，但为世界百分之二十的人口提供了粮食。中国7700年前开始种植水稻。早在使用机械和化肥之前，勤劳和富有创造性的中国农民就已经采用各种各样的方法来增加农作物产量。中国农业最新的发展是推进有机农业。有机农业可以同时服务于多种目的，包括食品安全、大众健康和可持续发展。

2016年12月大学英语六级考试真题答案与详解 (第3套) Part I Writing

高分范文

①Throughout the ages, we have concluded a number of factors that contribute to success, among which is creation. ②Just as the saying goes, \"There is no doubt that creation is the most important human resource of all. \" ③ Not only is creation the force driving economy and society to advance, but it is also essential to the development of individuals.④ Those who often come up with new ideas are more likely to achieve success, while a man who always sticks to habit and experience can hardly create new things.

⑤ In terms of giving measures to encourage creation, I will list the following ones. ⑥ On the one hand, the public are expected to realize the significance of creation, so the social media should play its due role in advocating the value of innovation and encouraging the public to cultivate the awareness of creation. ⑦ On the other hand, those who are equipped with creative thinking deserve some kind of praise, both materially and spiritually.

⑧ Creation has been a hot word for a long time and we cannot emphasize the importance of creation too much. ⑨ Therefore, we should spare no effort to learn knowledge as much as possible to prepare ourselves for being creative people.

作文答案全文翻译

Part Ⅲ Reading, Comprehension

阅读全文翻译

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名词：B.conveniences便利；H.process过程；I.progress进步；L.terminals终端

动词：A.accessing接近，获取；F.perceived把……看作，认为；G.practice实行，践行；K.survived幸存，生还；M.undergone经受，经历；O.vanished消失

形容词：C.destined注定的；D.expanding扩张的；E.industrialized工业化的；J.respective各自的；N.tmiversal全体的，普遍存在的

26．O.vanished。答案解析 27．M.undergone。答案解析 28．D.expanding。答案解析 29．K.survived。答案解析 30．H.process。答案解析 31．L.terminals。答案解析 32．E.industmalized。答案解析 33．F.perceived。答案解析 34．B.conveniences。答案解析 35．G.practice。答案解析

阅读全文翻译

36． [J]。答案解析 37． [C]。答案解析 38． (E]。答案解析 39． [G]。答案解析 40． [D]。答案解析 41． [I]。答案解析 42． [B]。答案解析 43． [H]。答案解析 44． [Q]。答案解析 45． [L]。答案解析 Passage One

阅读全文翻译

46．D。答案解析 47．A。答案解析

48．B。答案解析 49．A。答案解析 50．C。答案解析 Passage Two

阅读全文翻译

51．A。答案解析 52．D。答案解析 53 ．C。答案解析

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54．B。答案解析 55．D。答案解析

Part IV Translation

Agriculture is a ftmdamental industry in China, which involves 300 million farmers. China ranks first in agricultural production worldwide, with rice, wheat and beans being the main crops. Although accounting for only 10% of arable land worldwide, China feeds 20% of the world's population. The cultivation of rice in China can date back to 7,700 years ago. Prior to the use of agricultural machinery and chemical fertilizer, hardworking and creative Chinese farmers had begun to adopt various ways to increase crop yields. The latest development of agriculture in China lies in the promotion of organic farming, which can accomplish multiple goals at the same time, such as food safety, public health and sustainable development.

2016年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（一）

Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on e—learning．Try to imagine what will happen when more and more people study online instead ofattending school．You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1．A）Project organizer．

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B）Public relations officer． C）Marketing manager． D） Market research consultant．

2.A）Quantitative advertising research． B）Questionnaire design． C）Research methodology． D）Interviewer training．

3．A）They are intensive studies of people’s spending habits． B）They examine relations between producers and customers． C）They look for new and effective ways to promote products． D）They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period．

4．A）The lack of promotion opportunity． B）Checking charts and tables． C） Designing questionnaires． D） The persistent intensity．

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5．A） His view on Canadian universities． B）His understanding of higher education．

C）His suggestions for improvements in higher education． D）His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities．

6．A）It is well designed． B）It is rather inflexible． C）It varies among universities． D）It has undergone great changes．

7．A）The United States and Canada can learn from each other．

B）Public universities are often superior to private universities．

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C）Everyone should be given equal access to higher education． D）Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions．

8．A） University systems vary from country to country． B）Efficiency is essential to university management．

C）It is hard to say which is better,a public university or a private one． D）Many private universities in the U．S．are actually large bureaucracies．

Section B

Questions9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

9．A）Government’s role in resolving an economic crisis． B）The worsening real wage situation around the world． C）Indications of economic recovery in the United States． D）The impact of the current economic crisis on people’s life．

10．A）They will feel less pressure to raise employees’ wages． B）They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees． C）They will feel inclined to expand their business operations． D）They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals．

11．A）Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis． B）Government and companies join hands to create jobs for the unemployed． C）Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs． D）Team work will be encouraged in companies．

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Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. 12．A）Whether memory supplements work． B）Whether herbal medicine works wonders． C）Whether exercise enhances one’s memory． D）Whether a magic memory promises success．

13．A）They help the elderly more than the young． B）They are beneficial in one way or another． C）They generally do not have side effects． D）They are not based on real science．

14．A）They are available at most country fairs． B）They are taken in relatively high dosage． C）They are collected or grown by farmers． D）They are prescribed by trained practitioners．

15．A）They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise． B）Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks． C）Their effect lasts only a short time． D）Many have benefited from them．

Section C

Questions 16 to18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

16．A）How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations． B）How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters． C）How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters．

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D）How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced．

17．A）By training rescue teams for emergencies． B）By taking steps to prepare people for them． C）By changing people’s views of nature．

D）By relocating people to safer places．

18．A）How preventive action can reduce the loss of life． B）How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters． C）How Cubans suffer from tropical storms．

D）How destructive tropical storms can be．

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.

19．A）Pay back their loans to the American government． B）Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty． C）Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery． D）Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble．

20．A）Some banks may have to merge with others． B）Many smaller regional banks are going to fail． C）It will be hard for banks to provide more loans． D）Many banks will have to 1ay off some employees．

21．A）It will work closely with the government． B）It will endeavor to write off bad loans． C）It will try to lower the interest rate． D）It will try to provide more loans．

22．A） It won’t help the American economy to rum around． B）It won’t do any good to the major commercial banks．

C）It will win the approval of the Obama administration．

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D）It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again．

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recordingyou have just heard.

23．A）Being unable to learn new things． B）Being rather slow to make changes． C）Losing temper more and more often． D）Losing the ability to get on with others．

24．A）Cognitive stimulation． B）Community activity． C）Balanced diet． D）Fresh air．

25．A）Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging． B）Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life． C）Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles． D）Seeking advice from doctors from time to time．

Part Ⅲ

Section A

Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

Pursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development．“The adolescent becomes an

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adult whenhe(26)_______ a real job．”To cognitive researchers like Piaget，adulthood meant the beginning of an (27)_______ ．

Piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work，their newly acquired ability to form hypotheses allows them to create representations that are too ideal．The (28)_______ of such ideals．without the temperingof the reality of a job or profession，rapidly leads adolescents to become (29)_______ of the non．idealistic worldand to press for reform in a characteristically adolescent way．Piaget said：“True adaptation to society comes (30)_______ when the adolescent reformer attempts to put his ideas to work．”

Of course，youthful idealism is often courageous，and no one likes to give up dreams．Perhaps，taken (31)_______ out of context，Piaget’s statement seems harsh．What he was(32)_______ ，however,is the way reality canmodify idealistic views．Some people refer to such modification as maturity．Piaget argued that attaining andaccepting a vocation is one of the best ways to modify idealized views and to mature．

As careers and vocations become less available during times of(33)_______ ，adolescents may be especially hard hit．Such difficult economic times may leave many adolescents(34)_______ about their roles in society．Forthis reason，community interventions and government job programs that offer summer and vacation work arenot only economically(35)_______ but also help to stimulate the adolescent’s sense of worth．

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A）automatically F.entrance K.occupation

B）beneficial G.excited L.promises C）capturing H.existence M.recession D）confused I.incidentally N.slightly E.emphasizing J.intolerant O.undertakes Section B

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Can societies be rich and green?

[A] “If our economies are to flourish，if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being of the world’s people enhanced～not just in this generation but in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends．” that

statement

comes

not，

you

might

imagine

，

from

stereotypical

tree—hugging．Save-the-worldgreenie(环保主义者)，but from Gordon Brown，a politician with a reputation for rigour thoroughness and above all，caution．

[B] A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world’s most powerful economies to say?Perhaps：though in the run-up to the five—year review of the Millennium(千年的)Goals，he is far from alone．The roots of his speech，given in March at the round table meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G209roup of nations，stretch back to 1972，and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm．

[C] “The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world，”read the final declaration from this gathering，the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago．

[D] Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—many for conferences such as this year’s Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread．

[E] Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them，according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment．But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy．Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic，some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two．

[F] If such an indicator exists，it is well hidden．And on reflection，this is not surprising；the single word“environment”has so many dimensions．and there are so many other factors affecting wealth—such as the oil deposits—that teasing out a simple economy-environment relationship would be almost impossible．

[G] The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment，a vast four—year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year,found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably—working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term，but certainly brings long-term rewards．

[H] And the World Resources Institute(WRI)in its World Resources 2005 report，issued at the end

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of August，produced several such examples from Africa and Asia；it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich，as poorer people derive a much higher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them．

[I] But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment，in rich and poor parts of the world alike，whether through unregulated mineral extraction，drastic water use for agriculture，slash—and—bum farming，or fossil-fuel-guzzling(大量消耗)transport．Of course，such growth may not persist in the long term—which is what Mr．Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out．Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery．For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod(鳕鱼)provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40，000 people，sustaining entire communities in Newfoundland． Then，abruptly,the cod population collapsed．There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself,let alone an industry．More than a decade later,there was no sign of the ecosystem rebuilding itself．It had，apparently,been fished out of existence；and the once mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor．

[J] There is a view that modem humans are inevitably sowing the seeds of a global Grand Banks-style disaster．The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planet’s environmental bank balance than it can sustain；we are living beyond our ecological means．One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this“ecological overshoot of the human economy”，and found that we are using 1.2 Earth’s—worth of environmental goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in．and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free—will grind to a halt．

[K] Whether this is right，and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall，is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations．It is also the reason why development agencies are not united in their view of environmental issues；while some，like the WRI,maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development，others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy，and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation．

[L]This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care．But is this right?Do things get better or worse as we get richer?Here the Stockholm declaration is ambiguous．“In the developing countries，”it says，“most of the environmental problems are caused by under—development．”So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world?Not necessarily；“In the industrialised countries，environmental problems are generally related to

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industrialisation and technological development，”it continues．In other words，poor and rich both over-exploit the natural world，but for different reasons．It’s simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner．

[M] Clearly,richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements which lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities．Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks，clean rivers，clean air and poison-free food．They also，however,use far more natural resources—fuel，water(all those baths and golf courses)and building materials．

[N]A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems，the most graphic example being climate change．As a country’s wealth grows，so do its greenhouse gas emissions．The figures available will not be completely accurate．Measuring emissions is not a precise science，particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use；not all nations have released up-to-date data，and in any case，emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not included in national statistics．But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible．As countries become richer,they produce more greenhouse gases；and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poor parts of the world．

[O]Wealth is not，of course，the only factor involved．The average Norwegian is better off than the average US citizen，but contributes about half as much to climate change．But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels?That question，repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet，is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival．注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

36．Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment for economic progress． 37．Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world． 38．It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner．

39．The common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental protection and economic growth．

40．Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environment issues while ensuring economic progress．

41．It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness generates more profits than exploiting the natural environment．

42．Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the long run．

43．A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human development depends on the natural environment．

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44．Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations’ economic development． 45．One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of natural resources on Earth．

Section C

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Interactive television advertising，which allows viewers to use their remote controls to click on advertisements，has been pushed for years．Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewers of“Friends”，a popular situation comedy,would soon be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Aniston’s with a few taps on their remote control．“It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years，”says Colin Dixon of a digital—media consultancy．

So the news that Cablevision，an American cable company,was rolling out interactive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism．During commercials．an overlay will appear at the bottom of the screen，prompting viewers to press a button to request a free sample or order a catalogue．Cablevision hopes to allow customers to buy things with their remote controls early next year．

Television advertising could do with a boost．Spending fell by 10％in the first half of the year．The popularization of digital video recorders has caused advertisers to worry that their commercials will be skipped．Some are turning to the Internet，which is cheaper and offers concrete measurements like click—through rates-especially important at a time when marketing budgets are tight．With the launch of interactive advertising，“many of the dollars that went to the Internet will come back to the TV,”says David Kline of Cablevision.Or so the industry hopes．

In theory,interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that 30。second spots do not．Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe deodorant(除臭剂)，which kept viewers engaged for more than three minutes on average．

The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small Magna，an advertising agency,reckons it will be worth about$138 million this year．That falls far short of the billions of dollars people once expected it to generate．But DirecTV,Comcast and Time Warner Cable have all invested in

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it.A new effort 1edbv Canoe Ventures，a coalition of leading cable providers，aims to make interactive advertising available across America later this year．BrightLine iTV,which designs and sells interactive ads，say8 interest has surged：it expects its revenues almost to triple this year．BSkyB，Britain’s biggest satellite-television service,already provides 9 million customers with interactive ads.

Yet there are doubts whether people watching television，a“lean back”medium，crave interaction.Click-though rates have been high so far(around 3-4％，compared with less than 0．3％online)，but that may be a result of the novelty．Interactive ads and viewers might not go well together．

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46．What does Colin Dixon mean by saying“It's been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years”(Line 4，Para．1)?

A）Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.

B）Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the last decade or so． C）Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situation comedies. D）Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.

47．What is the public’s response to Cablevision’s planned interactive TV advertising program? A）Pretty positive． B）Totally indifferent． C）Somewhat doubtful． D）Rather critical.

48．What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TV advertising? A）It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers. B）It helps advertisers to measure the click-through rates. C） It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage. D）It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease.

49．What do we learn about Unilever’s interactive campaign? A）It proves the advantage of TV advertising．

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B）It has done well in engaging the viewers． C）It helps attract investments in the company. D）It has boosted the TV advertising industry．

50．How does the author view the hitherto high click—through rates? A）They may be due to the novel way of advertising． B）They signify the popularity of interactive advertising． C）They point to the growing curiosity of TV viewers． D）They indicate the future direction of media reform．

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

What can be done about mass unemployment?All the wise heads agree：there’re no quick or easy answers．There，s work to be done，but workers aren’t ready to do it—they’re in the wrong places，or they have the wrong skills．Our problems are“structural，”and will take many years to solve．

But don't bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view．There isn’t any．On the contrary，all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand Saying that there’re no easy answers sounds wise，but it's actually foolish:our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act．In other words，structural unemployment is a fake problem，which mainly serves as an excuse for not pursuing real solutions.

The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector,while the number of workers forced into part—time employment in almost all industries has soared．Unemployment has surged in every major occupational category．Only three states，with a combined population not much larger than that of Brooklyn，have unemployment rates below 5％．So the evidence contradicts the claim that we’re mainly suffering from structural unemployment．Why,then，has this claim become so popular?

Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment—in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem deeply rooted，with no easy answers，makes them sound serious．

I’ve been looking at what self-proclaimed experts were saying about unemployment during the Great Depression：it was almost identical to what very Serious People are saying now．Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly,declared one 1935 analysis，because the workforce is“unadaptable and

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untrained It cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may offer．\"A few years later,a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economy’s needs—and suddenly industry was eager to employ those“unadaptable and untrained”workers．

But now．as then，powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of government action on a sufficient scale to jump．start the economy．And that，fundamentally,is why claims that we face huge structural problems have been multiplying：they offer a reason to do nothing about the mass unemployment that is crippling our economy and our society．

So what you need to know is that there’s no evidence whatsoever to back these claims．We aren't suffering from a shortage of needed skills；we’re suffering from a lack of policy resolve．As I said，structural unemployment isn’t a real problem，it's an excuse—a reason not to act on America，s problems at a time when action is desperately needed．注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

51．What does the author think is the root cause of mass unemployment in America? A）Corporate mismanagement． B）Insufficient demand． C）Technological advances． D）Workers，slow adaptation．

52．What does the author think of the experts’ claim concerning unemployment? A）Self-evident． B）Thought—provoking． C）Irrational． D）Groundless．

53.What does the author say helped bring down unemployment during the Great Depression? A）The booming defense industry．

B）The wise heads’ benefit package． C）Nationwide training of workers．

D）Thorough restructuring of industries．

54．What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply? A）Powerful opposition to government’s stimulus efforts．

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B）Very Serious People’s attempt to cripple the economy． C）Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries． D）Economists’ failure to detect the problems in time．

55．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A）To testify to the experts’ analysis of America’s problems． B）To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment． C）To show the urgent need for the government to take action． D）To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation．

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展：为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金：中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究，这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学、从新能源到机器人等各类高科技领域。它们还与各地的科技园合作，使创新成果商业化：与此同时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

快速对答案

1 D 26 O 2 A 27 K 3 D 4 B 5 A 30 A 6 B 7 C 8 C 33 M 9 B 10 A 11 C 36 I 12 13 A D 14 D 39 D 15 16 B D 17 B 42 G 18 19 A C 20 B 45 J 21 22 D D 23 A 48 C 24 25 A C 28 29 H J 31 32 N E 34 35 D B 37 38 C L 40 41 K E 43 44 A N 46 47 D C 49 50 B A

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51 B 52 D 53 54 A A 55 C

2016年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（二）

Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1．A）The restructuring of her company．

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B）The man’s switch to a new career． C）The updating of technology at Cucin Tech． D）The project the man managed at Cucin Tech．

2. A）Talented personnel． B）Effective promotion． C）Strategic innovation． 3． A）Innovate constantly．

B）Expand the market． C）Recruit more talents． 4． A） Possible bankruptcy．

B）Unforeseen difficulties．

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5．A）The importance of language proficiency． B）The job of an interpreter． C）The stress felt by professionals．

D）The best Way to effective communication．

6． A） Admirable． B）Promising． C）Meaningful．

7．A）They have all passed language proficiency tests． B）They have all studied cross．cultural differences． C）They all have a strong interest in language． D）They all have professional qualifications．

8．A）It puts one’s long．term memory under more stress． B）It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting． C）It attaches more importance to accuracy． D）It requires a much larger vocabulary．

D）Competitive products．

D）Watch out for his competitors．

C）Imitation by one’s competitors． D）Conflicts within the company．

D）Rewarding．

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Section B

Questions9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

9．A）It might increase mothers' mental distress． B）It might increase the risk of infants' death． C）It might affect mothers' health． D）It might disturb infants' sleep．

10．A）Mothers who sleep with their babies need a little more sleep each night． B）Sleeping patterns of mothers greatly affect their newborn babies' health． C）Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mothers． D）Mothers who breast．feed their babies have a harder time falling asleep．

11．A）Take precautions to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome． B）Sleep in the same house but not in the same room as their babies． C）Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies．

D）Change their sleep patterns to adapt to their newborn babies' ．

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. 12．A）More money is needed to record the native languages in the US． B）The efforts to preserve Indian languages have proved fruitless． C）The US ranks first in the number of endangered languages．

D）A lot of native languages have already died out in the US．

13．A）To set up more language schools．

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B）To educate native American children． C）To revitalise America' s native languages．

D）To document endangered languages．

14．A）The US government' s policy of Americanising Indian children． B）The failure of American Indian languages to gain an official status． C）The long．time isolation of American Indians from the outside world．

D）The US government' s unwillingness to spend money educating Indians．

15．A）It is widely used in language immersion schools． B）It speeds up the extinction of native languages． C）It is being utilised to teach native languages．

D）It tells traditional stories during family time．

Section C

Questions 16 to18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

16．A）It provides them with the basic necessities of everyday life． B）It pays their living expenses until they find employment again． C）It covers their mortgage payments and medical expenses for 99 weeks．

D）It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for work．

17．A）Convincing local lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits． B）Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployed workers． C）Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers．

D）Raising funds to help those having no unemployment insurance．

18．A）To encourage big businesses to hire back workers with government subsidies．

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B）To create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companies． C） To allow them to postpone their monthly mortgage payments． D） To offer them loans they need to start their own businesses．

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.

19．A） They investigated the ice． B） They analyzed the water content． C）They explored the ocean floor． D）They measured the depths of sea water．

20．A）The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought． B）The ice ensures the survival of many endangered species． C）Most of the ice was accumulated over the past centuries． D） Eighty percent of the ice disappears in summer time．

21．A）The melting Arctic ice has drowned many coastal cities． B） Arctic ice is a major source of the world' s flesh water． C） Arctic ice is essential to human survival． D） The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible．

22．A） There is no easy technological solution to it． B）It will advance nuclear technology． C）There is no easy way．to understand it． D） It will do a lot of harm to mankind．

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recordingyou have just heard.

23．A） The deciding factor in children' s academic performance． B） The health problems of children raised by a single parent．

C）The relation between children' s self-control and their future success．

D） The reason why New Zealand children seem to have better self-control．

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24．A） Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families． B） Children raised by single parents will have a hard time in their thirties． C）Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front of their children． D） Lack of self-control in parents is a disadvantage for their children．

25．A） Self-control problems will diminish as one grows up． B） Self-control can be improved through education． C） Self-control can improve one' s financial situation． D） Self-control problems may be detected early in children．

Part Ⅲ

Section A

Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

The robotics revolution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fear-man-made creations assmart and capable as we are but without a moral compass．As robots take on ever more complex roles．Thequestion

naturally26Who willbe

responsible

when

they

something

wrong?Manufacturers?Users?Software writers?The answer depends on the robot．

Robots already save us time，money and energy．In the future，they will improve our health care，socialwelfare and standard of living．The27 of computational power and engineering advances will 28enable lower-cost in-home care for the disabled，29use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk-anddistracted-driving accidents and countless home and service—industry uses for robots，from street cleaning tofood preparation．

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But there are 30 to be problems．Robot cars will crash．A drone(遥控飞行器)operator will 31someone’s privacy．A robotic lawn mower will run over a neighbor’s cat．Juries sympathetic to the 32 ofmachines will punish entrepreneurs with company—crushing 33and damages．What should governmentsdo to protect people while 34space for innovation? Big，complicated systems on which much public safety depends，like driverless cars，should be built， 35 and sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for accidents．Governments should set safety requirements and then let insurers price the risk of the robots based on themanufacturer’s driving record．not the passenger’s．注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A.arises F.eventually K.preserving

B.ascends G.interfere L.programmed C.bound H.invade M.proximately D.combination I.manifesting N.victims E.definite J.penalties O.widespread Section B

Reform and Medical Costs

[A] Americans are deeply concerned about the relentless rise in health care costs and health insurance premiums．They need to know if reform will help solve the problem．The answer is that no one has an easy fix for rising medical costs．The fundamental fix—reshaping how care is delivered and how doctors are paid in a wasteful．abnormal system—is likely to be achieved only through trial and error and incremental(渐进的) gains．

[B] The good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approved by the Senate Finance Committee would implement or test many reforms that should help slow the rise in medical costs over the long term．As a report in The Nel4,England Journal of Medicine concluded．“Pretty much every proposed innovation found in the health policy literature these days is contained in these measures．”

[C] Medical spending，which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy,is propelled

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by two things：the high prices charged for medical services in this country and the volume of unnecessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals,which often perform a lot more tests and treatments than a patient really needs．

[D] Here are some of the important proposals in the House and Senate bills to try to address those problems，and why it is hard to know how well they will work．

[E] Both bills would reduce the rate of growth in annual Medicare payments to hospitals，nursing homes and other providers by amounts comparable to the productivity savings routinely made in other industries with the help of new technologies and new ways to organize work．This proposal could save Medicare more than$100 billion over the next decade．If private plans demanded similar productivity savings from providers，and refused t01et providers shift additional costs to them．the savings could be much larger．Critics say Congress will give in to lobbyists and let inefficient providers off the hook(放过)． That is far less likely to happen if Congress also adopts strong“pay—go”rules requiring that any increase in payments to providers be offset by new taxes or budget cuts．

[F] The Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax(消费税)on health insurance plans that cost more than$8，000 for an individual or$21．000 for a family．It would most likely cause insurers to redesign plans to fall beneath the threshold．Enrollees would have to pay more money for many services out of their own pockets，and that would encourage them to think twice about whether an expensive or redundant test was worth it．Economists project that most employers would shift money from expensive health benefits into wages．The House bill has no similar tax．The final legislation should．

[G] Any doctor who has wrestled with multiple form．s from different insurers，or patients who have tried to understand their own parade of statements，know that simplification ought to save money．When the health insurance industry was still cooperating in reforin efforts．its trade group offered to provide standardized forms for automated processing．It estimated that step would save hundreds of billions of dollars over the next decade．The bills would lock that pledge into law．

[H] The stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient，paper—driven medical system to electronic records that can be easily viewed and transmitted．This requires open investments to help doctors convert．In time it should help restrain costs by eliminating redundant tests．preventing drug interactions，and helping doctors find the best treatments．

[I] Virtually all experts agree that the fee．for—service system—doctors are rewarded for the quantity of care rather than its quality or effectiveness—is a primary reason that the cost of care is so high．Most agree that the solution is to push doctors to accept fixed payments to care for a particular illness or for a patient’s needs over a year．No one knows how to make that happen quickly．The bills in

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both houses would start pilot projects within Medicare．They include such measures as accountable care organizations to take charge of a patient’s needs with an eye on both cost and quality,and chronic disease management to make sure the seriously ill．who are responsible for the bulk of all health care costs．are treated properly．For the most part．these experiments rely on incentive payments to get doctors to try them．

[J] Testing innovations do no good unless the good experiments are identified and expanded and the bad ones are dropped．The Senate bill would create an independent commission to monitor the pilot programs and recommend changes in Medicare’s Payment policies to urge providers to adopt reforms that work．The changes would have to be approved or rejected as a whole by Congress，making it hard for narrow—interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to their will．

[K] The bills in both chambers would create health insurance exchanges on which small businesses and individuals could choose from an array of private plans and possibly a public option．All the plans would have to provide standard benefit packages that would be easy to compare，To get access to millions of new customers．insurers would have a strong incentive to sell on the exchange．And the head—to—head competition might give them a strong incentive to lower their prices．perhaps by accepting slimmer profit margins or demanding better deals from providers．

[L] The final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition，but thanks to the fierce opposition of the insurance industry and Republican critics．it might not save much money The one in the House bill would have to negotiate rates with providers．rather than using Medicare rates．as many reformers wanted．

[M] The president’s stimulus package is pumping money into research to compare how well various treatments work．Is surgery,radiation or careful monitoring best for prostate(前列腺)cancer?Is the latest and most expensive cholester01．10wering drug any better than its common competitors?The pending bills would spend additional money to accelerate this effort．

[N] Critics have charged that this sensible idea would lead to rationing of care．(That would be true only if you believed that patients should have an unrestrained right to treatments proven to be inferior．)As a result，the bills do not require，as they should，that the results of these studies be used to set payment rates in Medicare．

[O] Congress needs to find the courage to allow Medicare to Pay preferentially for treatments proven to be superior．Sometimes the best treatment might be spending would come down through elimination of treatments,the most expensive．But overall，we suspect that a lot of unnecessary or even dangerous tests and

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[P] The House bill would authorize the secretary of health and human services to negotiate drug prices in Medicare and Medicaid．Some authoritative analysts doubt that the secretary would get better deals than private insurers already get．We believe negotiation could work．It does in other countries．

[Q] Missing from these bills is any serious attempt to rein in malpractice costs，Malpractice awards do drive up insurance premiums for doctors in high．risk specialties，and there is some evidence that doctors engage in“defensive medicine”by performing tests and treatments primarily to prove they are not negligent should they get sued．

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

36．With a tax imposed on expensive health insurance plans，most employers will likely transfer money from health expenses into wages．

37．Changes in policy would be approved or rejected as a whole so that lobbyists would find it hard to influence lawmakers．

38．It is not easy to curb the rising medical costs in America．

39．Standardization of forms for automatic processing will save a lot of medical expenses．

40．Republicans and the insurance industry are strongly opposed to the creation of a public insurance plan．

41．Conversion of paper to electronic medical records will help eliminate redundant tests and prevent drug interactions．

42．The high cost of medical services and unnecessary tests and treatments have driven up medical expenses．

43．One main factor that has driven up medical expenses is that doctors are compensated for the amount of care rather than its effect．

44．Contrary to analysts’ doubts，the author believes drug prices may be lowered through negotiation． 45．Fair competition might create a strong incentive for insurers to charge less．

Section C

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

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Facing water shortages and escalating fertilizer costs，farmers in developing countries are using raw sewage(下水道污水)to irrigate and fertilize nearly 49 million acres ofcropland，according to a new report—and it may not be abadthing．

While the practice carries serious health risks for many,those dangers are outweighed by the social and economic gains for poor urban farmers and consumers who need affordable food．

“There is a large potential for waste water agriculture to both help and hurt great numbers of urban consumers．”said Liqa Raschid．Sally,who led the study．

The report focused on poor urban areas。where farms in or near cities supply relatively inexpensive food．Most of these operations draw irrigation water from local rivers or lakes．Unlike developed cities．however,these areas lack advanced water-treatment facilities，and rivers effectively become sewers(下水道)．

When this water is used for agricultural irrigation，farmers risk absorbing disease-causing bacteria，as do consumers who eat the produce raw and unwashed．Nearly 2．2 million people die each year because of diarrhea—related(与腹泻相关的)diseases，according to WHO statistics．More than 80％of those cases can be attributed to contact with contaminated water and a lack of proper sanitation．But Pay Drechsel，an environmental scientist．argues that the social and economic benefits of using untreated human waste to grow food outweigh the health risks．

Those dangers can be addressed with farmer and consumer education，he said，while the free water and nutrients from human waste can help urban farmers in developing countries to escape poverty．

Agriculture is a water-intensive business，accounting for nearly 70％of global flesh water consumption．

In poor，dry regions，untreated waste water is the only viable irrigation source to keep farmers in business.In some cases，water is so scarce that farmers break open sewage pipes transporting waste to local rivers．

Irrigation is the primary agricultural use of human waste in the developing world．But frequently untreated human waste harvested from lavatories is delivered to farms and spread as fertilizer．

In most cases，the human waste is used on grain crops，which are eventually cooked，minimizing the risk of transmitting water-borne diseases．With fertilizer prices jumping nearly 50％per metric ton over the last year in some places，human waste is an attractive，and often necessary,alternative．

In cases where sewage mud is used，expensive chemical fertilizer use can be avoided．The mud contains the same critical nutrients．

“Overly strict standards often fail，”James Bartram，a WHO water—health expert．said．“We

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need to accept that fact across much of the planet，so waste with little or no treatment will be used in agriculture for good reason．”

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46．What does the author say about the use of raw sewage for farming? A.Its risks cannot be overestimated． B.It should be forbidden altogether． C.Its benefits outweigh the hazards involved． D.It is polluting millions of acres of cropland．

47．What is the main problem caused by the use of waste water for irrigation? A.Rivers and lakes nearby will gradually become contaminated． B.It will drive producers of chemical fertilizers out of business． C.Farmers and consumers may be affected by harmful bacteria． D.It will make the farm produce less competitive on the market．

48．What is environmental scientist Pay Drechsel’s attitude towards the use of untreated human waste in agriculture? A.Favorable． B.Skeptical． C.Indifferent．

49．What does Pay Drechsel think of the risks involved in using untreated human waste for farming? A.They have been somewhat exaggerated． B.They can be dealt with through education． C.They will be minimized with new technology． D.They can be addressed by improved sanitation．

50．What do we learn about James Bartram’s position on the use of human waste for farming? A.He echoes Pay Drechsel’s opinion on the issue． B.He challenges Liqa Raschid—Sally’s conclusion．

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D.Responsible．

C.He thinks it the only way out of the current food crisis． D.He deems it indispensable for combating global poverty．

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

These days，nobody needs to cook．Families graze on high—cholesterol take-aways and microwaved ready-meals．Cooking is an occasional hobby and a vehicle for celebrity chefs．Which makes it odd that the kitchen has become the heart of the modem house：what the great hall was to the medieval castle．the kitchen is to the 21st—century home．

The money spent on kitchens has risen with their status．In America the kitchen market is now worth $170 billion，five times the country’s film industry．In the year to August 2007,IKEA．a Swedish furniture chain，sold over one million kitchens worldwide．The average budget for a“major”kitchen over haul in 2006,calculates Remodeling magazine，was a staggering$54，000；even a“minor”improvement cost on average$18．000．

Exclusivity,more familiar in the world of high fashion，has reached the kitchen：Robinson&Cornish,a British manufacturer of custom—made kitchens，offers a Georgian—style one which would cost￡145．000-155，000—excluding building，plumbing and electrical work．Its big selling point is that nobody else will have it：“You won’t see this kitchen anywhere else in the world．”

The elevation of the room that once belonged only to the servants to that of design showcase for the modem family tells the story of a century of social change．Right into the early 20th century,kitchens were smoky,noisy places．generally located underground，or to the back of the house，and as far from living space as possible．That was as it should be：kitchens were for servants，and the aspiring middle classes wanted nothing to do with them．

But as the working classes prospered and the servant shortage set in，housekeeping became a matter of interest to the educated classes．One of the pioneers of a radical new way of thinking about the kitchen was Catharine Esther Beecher．sister of Harriet Beecher Stowe．In American Woman's Home，published in 1869，the Beecher sisters recommended a scientific approach to household management，designed to enhance the efficiency of a woman’s work and promote order．

Many contemporary ideas about kitchen design can be traced back to another American，Christine Frederick．who set about enhancing the efficiency of the housewife．Her l919 work，Household Engineering Scientific Management in the Home．was based on detailed observation of a housewife’s daily routine．She borrowed the principle of efficiency on the factory floor and applied it to domestic

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tasks on the kitchen floor．

Frederick’s central idea．that“stove．sink and kitchen table must be placed in such a relation that useless steps are avoided entirely”．inspired the first fully fitted kitchen，designed in the 1920s by Margarete Schutter-Lihotsky．It was a modernist triumph．and many elements remain central features of today’s kitchen．

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

51．What does the author say about the kitchen of today? A.It is where housewives display their cooking skills． B.It is where the family entertains important guests． C.It has become something odd in a modem house．

D.It is regarded as the center of a modem home．

52．Why does the Georgian—style kitchen sell at a very high price? A.It is believed to have tremendous artistic value． B.No duplicate is to be found in any other place． C.It is manufactured by a famous British company． D.No other manufacturer can produce anything like it．

53.What does the change in the status of the kitchen reflect? A.Improved living conditions． B.Women’s elevated status． C.Technological progress． D.Social change．

54．What was the Beecher sisters’idea of a kitchen? A.A place where women could work more efficiently． B.A place where high technology could be applied． C.A place of interest to the educated people． D.A place to experiment with new ideas．

55．What do we learn about today’s kitchen?

A.It represents the rapid technological advance in people’s daily life．

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B.Many of its central features are no different from those of the l 920s． C.It has been transformed beyond recognition． D.Many of its functions have changed greatly．

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

深圳是中国广东省一座新开发的城市。在改革开放之前，深圳不过是一个渔村，仅有三万多人。20世纪80年代，中国创建了深圳经济特区，作为实施社会主义市场经济的试验田。如今，深圳的人口已超过1000万，整个城市发生了巨大的变化。

到2014年，深圳的人均(per-capital)GDP已达25000美元，相当于世界上一些发达国家的水平。就综合经济实力而言，深圳居于中国顶尖城市之列。由于其独特的地位，深圳也是国内外企业家创业的理想之地。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

快速对答案

1 D 26 A 51 D 2 C 27 D 52 B 3 A 4 C 5 B 30 C 55 B 6 A 7 C 8 B 33 J 9 B 10 C 11 B 36 F 12 13 D C 14 A 39 G 15 16 B D 17 C 42 C 18 19 B A 20 A 45 K 21 22 D A 23 C 48 A 24 25 D B 28 29 F O 31 32 H N 34 35 K L 37 38 J A 40 41 L H 43 44 I P 46 47 C C 49 50 B A 53 54 D A

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2016年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三）

Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots．Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as people's daily lives．You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

说明：2016年6月大学英语六级考试全国共考了两套听力.本套的听力内容与第二套相同，因此本套听力部分不再重复给出。 Part Ⅲ

Section A

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

Let’s say you love roller-skating．Just the thought of (26)_______on your roller．skates brings a smile to yourface．You also know that roller-skating is excellent exercise．You have a (27)_______ attitude toward it．

This description of roller-skating(28)_______ the three components of an attitude：affect，cognition，andbehavior．You love the activity；it's great fun．These feelings(29)_______ the affective or

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Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

emotional component；they are an important ingredient in attitudes．The knowledge we have about the object constitutes thecognitive component of an attitude．You understand the health(30)_______that the activity can bring．Finally,attitudes have a behavioral component．Our attitudes(31)_______us to go outside to enjoy roller—skating．

Now．we don’t want t01eave you with the (32)_______ that these three components always work together(33)_______．They don’t：sometimes they clash．For example，let’s say you love pizza(affective component)；

however,you have high cholesterol and understand(knowledge component) that eating pizza may be badfor your health．Which behavior will your attitude result in，eating pizza or (34)_______it?The answer dependsoff which component happens to be stronger．If you are walking past a pizza restaurant at lunchtime．Youremotions and feelings probably will be stronger than your knowledge that pizza may not be the best food foryour health．In that instance．you have pizza for lunch．If you are at home trying to decide where to go fordinner,however,the knowledge component may(35)_______，and you decide to go where you can eat a healthiermeal

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A.avoiding F.improves K.primarily

B.benefits G.inquiring L.prompt C.highlight H.perfectly M.specifications D.illustrates I.positive N.strapping E.impression J.prevail O.typical Section B

The Changing Generation

[A] It turns out today’s teenagers aren’t so scary after all．Results of USA WEEKEND’s Teens&Parents survey reveal a generation of young people who get along well with their parents and approve of the way they’re being raised．They think of their parents with affection and respect．They

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speak with Mom or Dad when they have a problem．Most feel that their parents understand them．and they believe their family is the No.1 priority in their parents’lives．Many even think their parents are cool!Although more than a third have an object in their rooms they would like to keep secret from their parents．rarely is it anything more alarming than a diary or off-color(低俗的) book or CD．

[B] Such results may seem surprising against the background of shocking incidents that color the way the mass media portray the young．In October 2000，the same month the survey was taken，the Washington． based Center for Media and Public Affairs wrote in its publication Media Monitor that,in a recent month of TV news coverage of American youth，just 2％of teens were shown at home，and just 1％were portrayed in a work setting．In contrast，the criminal justice system accounted for nearly one out of every lave visual backgrounds．No wonder parents worry their own kids might spin out of control once they hit the turbulent waters of adolescence．

[C] The overall facts ought to reassure us．The survey shows us that today’s teens are affectionate．sensible and tar happier than the angry and tortured souls that have been painted for us by stereotypes．From other sources，we also know teenage crime，drug abuse and premarital sex are in general decline．We of course，need to pay attention to youngsters who are filled with discontent and hostility,but we should not allow these extreme cases to distort our view of most young people．

[D] My own research at the Stanford Center on Adolescence uses in．depth interviews with small samples of youngsters rather than large‘scale surveys．Still，in my studies and others I have read，I find the same patterns as in USA WEEKEND’S survey．Today’s teenagers admire their parents and welcome parental guidance about important matters such as career choice—though certainly not Morn and Dad’s advice on matters of personal taste，such as music or fashion．When we ask teens to choose a hero，they usually select an older family member rather than a remote public figure．Most teens say they enjoy the company of both parents and friends．

[E] Contrary to some stereotypes，most adolescents believe they must be tolerant of differences among individuals(though they do not always find this easy in the cliquish(拉帮结派的)environment of high school).Many of them volunteer for community service with disadvantaged people．One prevalent quality we have round in teens’statements about themselves，their friends and their families is a strikingly positive emotional tone．By and large，these are very nice kids，and as the band The Who used to sing，“The kids are alright．”

[F] How much is today’s sprat of harmony a change from our more turbulent past?A mere generation ago，parent。child relations were described as“the generation gap”．Yet even then reports of widespread youth rebellion were overdone：Most kids in the‘60s and‘70s shared their parents’basic values．Still．it is

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true that American families are growing closer at the dawn of this new millennium(千年)．Perhaps there is less to fight about，with the country in a period of tranquility and the dangers of drug abuse and other unwholesome behavior well known．Perhaps in the face of impersonal and intimidating globalization,a young person's family feels more like a friendly haven than an oppressive trap．And perhaps parents are acting more like parents than in the recent past．within just the past five years．I have noticed parents returning to a belief that teenagers need the guidance of elders rather than the liberal．“anything goes” mode of child—rearing that became popular in the second half of the 20th century．

[G] But missing from all these data is the sense that today’s young care very much about their country,about the broader civic and political environment，or about the future of their society．They seem to be turning inward—generally in a pro。social manner,certainly with positive benefits for intimate relationships． but too often at the expense of a connection with the present and future world beyond，including the society they will one day inherit．

[H] Recently,we examined more than 400 essays on the“laws of life”that teens from two communities had written as part of an educational program initiated by the John Templeton Foundation in Radnor,Pa．In those essays，and in follow—up Interviews with a few of the teenagers，we found lots of insight．positive feeling and inspirational thinking．But we also found little interest in civic life beyond the tight circles of their family and immediate friends．

[I] For example，only one boy said he would like to be president when he grows up．When I was in high school，dozens in my class alone would have answered differently．In fact，other recent studies have found there has never been a time in American history when so small a proportion of young people have sought or accepted leadership roles In local civic organizations．It is also troubling that voting rates among our youngest eligible voters-18-to 24-year-olds are way down：Little more than one in four now go to the polls，even in national elections，compared with almost twice that many when 18-year-olds were first given the vote．

[J] In our interviews，many students viewed politics with suspicion and distaste．“Most politicians are kind of crooked(不诚买的)，”one student declared．Another,discussing national politics．said．“I feel 1ike one person can’t do that much，and I get the impression most people don’t think a group of people can do that much．”Asked what they would like to change in the world，the students mentioned only personal concerns such as slowing down the pace of life，gaining good friends，becoming more spiritual, becoming either more materially successful or less materially oriented(depending on the student’s values)，and being more respectful of the Earth，animals and other people．One boy said，“I’d rather be concentrating on artistic efforts than saving the world or something．”

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[K] It is fine and healthy for teens to cultivate their personal interests，and it is good news when young people enjoy harmonious relations with their family and friends．But there is also a place in a young life for noble purposes that include a dedication to the broader society,a love of country and an aspiration to make their own leadership contributions．

[L]In the past，the young have eagerly participated in national service and civic affairs，often with lots of energy and idealism．If this is not happening today,we should ask why．Our society needs the full participation of its younger citizens if it is to continue to thrive．We know the promise is there—this is a well．grounded，talented，warm-hearted group of youngsters．We have everything to gain by encouraging them to explore the world beyond their immediate experience and to prepare themselves for their tum at shaping that world．

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

36．Not many young people eligible for voting are interested in local or national elections these days. 37．Parents are concerned that their children may get involved in criminal offences once they reach their teens．

38．Even during the turbulent years of last century,youth rebellion was often exaggerated in the media. 39．Teenagers of today often tum to their parents for advice on such important matters as career choice. 40．The incidence of teenage crime and misbehavior is decreasing nowadays． 41 Young people should have lofty ideals in life and strive to be leaders．

42．Some young people like to keep something to themselves and don’t want their parents to know about it.

43．It is beneficial to encourage young people to explore the broader world and get ready to make it a better place．

44．Many teenagers now offer to render service to the needy．

45．Interviews with students find many of them are only concerned about personal matters．

Section C

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Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Manufacturers of products that claim to be environmentally friendly will face tighter rules on how they are advertised to consumers under changes proposed by the Federal Trade Commission

The commission’s revised“Green Guides”warn marketers against using labels that make broad claims，like“eco—friendly”．Marketers must qualify their claims on the product packaging and limit them to a specific benefit，such as how much of the product is recycled．

“This is really about trying to cut through the confusion that consumers have when they are buying a product and that businesses have when they are selling a product，”said Jon Leibowitz，chairman of the commission．

The revisions come at a time when green marketing is on the rise．According to a new study,the number of advertisements with green messages in mainstream magazines has risen since 1987，and peaked in 2008 at 10．4％．In 2009，the number dropped to 9％

But while the number of advertisements may have dipped，there has been a rapid spread of eco-labeling.There are both good and bad players in the eco-labeling game．

In the last five years or so．there has been an explosion of green claims and environmental claims．It is clear that consumers don’t always know what they are getting．

A handful of lawsuits have been filed in recent years against companies accused of using misleading environmental labels．In 2008 and 2009，class．action lawsuits(集体诉讼)were filed against SC Johnson for using“Greenlist”labels on its cleaning products．The lawsuits said that the label was misleading because it gave the impression that the products had been certified by a third party when the certification was the company’s own．

“We are very proud of our accomplishments under the Greenlist system and we believe that we will prevail in these cases，”Christopher Beard，director of public affairs for SC Johnson，said，while acknowledging that“this has been an area that is difficult to navigate．”

Companies have also taken it upon themselves to contest each other’s green claims．

David Mallen．associate director of the Council of Better Business Bureau．said in the last two years the organization had seen an increase in the number of claims companies were bringing against each other for false or misleading environmental product claims．

“About once a week．I have a client that will bring up a new certification I’ve never even heard of and I’m in this industry,”said Kevin Wilhelm．chief executive officer of Sustainable Business Consulting．“It’s kind of a Wild West．anybody can claim themselves to be green．”Mr．Wilhelm said the excess of labels made it difficult for businesses and consumers to know which labels they should Pay

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attention to．

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46．What do the revised“Green Guides”require businesses to do? A） Manufacture as many green products as possible． B）Indicate whether their products are recyclable． C）Specify in what way their products are green．

D）Attach green labels to all of their products．

47．What does the author say about consumers facing an explosion of green claims? A） They can easily see through the businesses' tricks． B）They have to spend lots of time choosing products． C）They have doubt about current green certification．

D）They are not clear which products are truly green．

48．What was SC Johnson accused of in the class．action lawsuits?

A） It gave consumers the impression that all its products were truly green．

B）It gave a third party the authority to label its products as environmentally friendly． C）It misled consumers to believe that its products had been certified by a third party．

D）It sold cleaning products that were not included in the official“Greenlist”．

49．How did Christopher Beard defend his company' s labeling practice? A）There were no clear guidelines concerning green labeling． B）His company' s products had been well received by the public． C）It was in conformity to the prevailing practice in the market．

D）No law required the involvement of a third party in certification．

50．What does Kevin Wilhelm imply by saying“It' s kind of a Wild West”(Lines 2-3，Para．11)? A）Businesses compete to produce green products． B）Each business acts its own way in green labeling． C）Consumers grow wild with products labeled green．

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D）Anything produced in the West can be labeled green．

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

America’s education system has become less a ladder of opportunity than a structure to transmit inequality from one generation to the next．

That’s why school reform is so critical．This is an issue of equality,opportunity and national conscience． It’s not just about education，but about poverty and justice．

It’s true that the main reason inner．city schools do poorly isn’t teachers’unions,but poverty．Southern states without strong teachers’unions have schools at least as awful as those in union states．Some Chicago teachers seem to think that they shouldn’t be held accountable until poverty is solved．There’re steps we can

take that would make some difference．and Mayor Rahm Emanuel is trying some of them—yet the union is resisting．

I’d be sympathetic if the union focused solely on higher compensation．Teachers need to be much better paid to attract the best college graduates to the nation’s worst schools．But．instead．the Chicago union seems to be using its political capital primarily to protect weak performers．

There‘s solid evidence that there are huge differences in the effectiveness of teachers．The gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia University scholars found that even in high．poverty schools．Teachers consistently had a huge positive or negative impact．

Get a bottom 1％teacher,and the effect is the same as if a child misses 40％of the school year.Get a teacher from the top 20％．and it's as if a child has gone to school for an extra month or two．

The study found that strong teachers in the fourth through eighth grades raised the skills of their students in ways that would last for decades．Just having a strong teacher for one elementary year left pupils a bit less likely to become mothers as teenagers．a bit more likely to go to college and earning more money，at age 28．

How does one figure out who is a weak teacher?Yes．that’s a challenge。But researchers are improving systems to measure a teacher’s performance throughout the year,and．with three years of data，it's usually possible to tell which teachers are failing．

Unfortunately,the union in Chicago is insisting that teachers who are laid off—often for being ineffective—should get priority in new hiring．That’s an insult to students．

Teaching is so important that it should be like other professions．with high pay and good working

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conditions but few job protections for bottom performers．

This isn’t a battle between garment workers and greedy bosses．The central figures in the Chicago schools strike are neither strikers nor managers but 350，000 children．Protecting the union demand sacrifices those students，in effect turning a blind eye to the injustice in the education system．注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

51. What do we learn about America' s education system? A）It provides a ladder of opportunity for the wealthy． B）It contributes little to the elimination of inequality． C）It has remained basically unchanged for generations．

D）It has brought up generations of responsible citizens．

52．What is chiefly responsible for the undesirable performance of inner-city schools'? A）Unqualified teachers． B）Lack of financial resources． C） Unfavorable learning environment． D） Subconscious racial discrimination．

53．What does the author think the union should do to win popular support? A）Assist the city government in reforming schools． B）Give constructive advice to inner-city schools． C）Demand higher pay for teachers． D）Help teachers improve teaching．

54．What is the finding of the gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia University scholars? A）Many inner．city school teachers are not equal to their jobs． B）A large proportion of inner-city children often miss classes． C）Many students are dissatisfied with their teachers．

D）Student performance has a lot to do with teachers．

55．Why does the author say the Chicago union' s demand is an insult to students? A）It protects incompetent teachers at the expense of students．

B）It underestimates students' ability to tell good teachers from poor ones．

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C）It makes students feel that they are discriminated against in many ways．

D）It totally ignores students' initiative in the learning process．

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

旗袍(qipao)是一种雅致的中国服饰，源于中国的满族(Manchu Nationality)。在清代，旗袍是王室女性穿着的宽松长袍。上世纪20年代，受西方服饰影响，旗袍发生了一些变化。袖口(cuffs)变窄，袍身变短。这些变化使女性美得以充分展现。

如今，旗袍经常出现在世界级的时装秀上。中国女性出席重要社交聚会时，旗袍往往是她们的首选。很多中国新娘也会选择旗袍作为结婚礼服。一些有影响的人士甚至建议将旗袍作为中国女性的民族服饰。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

快速对答案

1 26 N 51 B 2 3 4 29 C 54 D 5 6 7 32 E 8 9 10 35 J 11 12 13 38 F 14 15 16 41 K 17 18 19 44 E 20 21 22 47 D 23 24 25 50 B 27 28 I D 30 31 B L 33 34 H A 36 37 I B 39 40 D C 42 43 A L 45 46 H C 48 49 C A 52 53 B C 55 A

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