河南省三门峡市洛阳理工学院2018-2019学年高三英语下学期期末试卷含解析

下学期期末试卷含解析

一、 选择题

1. Is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A．he explained B．what he explained C．how he explained D．why he explained 参：

A

2. ---It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella. ---Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ______.

A. haven’t D. hadn’t

B. didn’t

C. don’t

参：

D

略

3. It’s likely that she will be ________ from punishment, as our teacher has been convinced by her excuse.

A. absent B. distant C. distinct D. desperate 参： C 略

4. It is really ___ useful dictionary, ___ dictionary every one of us needs． A．an; a B．a; the C．the; a D．a; a 参： D

考查冠词的用法。第一空泛指“一本有用的字典”；第二空泛指“一本我们每个人需要的字典”。

5. This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _____ water and

electricity than _________ models. A．less; older B．less; elder C．fewer, older D．fewer; elder 参： 解析：

A.该题考查形容词比较级，water 和electricity都是不可数名词,其比较级为less；修饰克数名词的比较级用fewer;”旧的,以前的”应用older,指人用elder.意为“年长的”。

6. Our teachers are highly skilled in all levels from Beginner to Advanced. And individual courses for particular students can be arranged ________. A. by nature

B. after all

C. in store

D. on request

参：

D

12. What’s the weather like probably? A. Stormy. B. Cloudy. C. Snowy. 参：

26. In the lecture, the professor told his students how to write an _________ of a graduate paper, expressing the main argument. A. account

B. application

C. address

D. abstract

参：

D

9. You were working too hard. You’d better keep a ________between work and relaxation. A.promise

B. lead

C. balance D. diary

参：

C

略

10. All visitors are waiting outside, Doctor Li. _______ they come in together or separately?

A. Shall B. Can C. will D. Would 参： A

11. ---Don’t you think it necessary that he _________ to Miami but to New York? ---I agree, but the problem is __________ he has refused to. A．will not be sent; that B．not be sent; that C．should not be sent; what D．should not send; what 参： .B

解析：本题考查几个虚拟语气和表语从句。在It is necessary that…句型中，从句中常常用虚拟语气，其形式为“should+动词原型”，should也可以省略。第二空考查了表语从句。That没有实际的意义，只起一个连接的作用。

12. As is known to all language learners, the newly learnt words will soon be forgotten unless used in everyday communication. A．gradually B．loosely C．frequently D．exactly 参：

C

31. You can decide not to attend the course, because it’s not . A. inevitable B. compulsory C. essential D. permanent 参：

B

14. --- The exam was not tough, but you failed to pass it. --- I’m sorry it ________ be this way. A. could B. would D. should 参：

D

C. shall

15. There is no way to get to the small island where my grandparents live _____ by boating.

A. rather than B. other than C. instead of D. in place of 参： B

16. John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told

参：

D

考点：考查虚拟语气。

句意：约翰独自去了医院。如果他告诉我的话，我会跟他一起去的。

解析：前一句是陈述语气，说明动发生在过去，而且后一句的主句已经是would have gone说明是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与之对应的从句结构，应该用had +过去分词。

17. According to the newly passed Road Traffic Safety Law, there are now tougher ________ for drunken drivers.

A. principles B. penalties C. proposals D. prejudices 参： B 略

3. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, ___ leading actor is the world famous ? A. its B. it’s C. whose D. which 参：

C 略

二、 书面表达

19. There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of the environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped (受阻碍) environmentally, it is likely that his brain will stop to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.

The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be proved by the identical twins, Peter and John. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster (寄养) homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. John, however, was educated in the home well-to-do parents who had been to college. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. John’s IQ was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his brother. 【写作内容】

1.以约30个词概括短文的要点;

2.然后以约120个词就“环境与人的智力发展”的主题发表看法,并包括如下要点: a.你是否赞同“环境决定智力的发展”这一观点?为什么? b.请举出具体事例说明你的观点; c.你认为如何才能最大限度地发展智力? 【写作要求】

1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句; 2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称; 3.不必写标题。 【评分标准】

内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。

参：

The writer argues in support of the importance of environment in terms of the development of a person’s intelligence by giving an example of two twin brothers, who were brought up in different environments.

Personally, I believe environment is crucial to an individual intelligence, as a good environment can offer more opportunities to increase his knowledge and broaden the horizons as well as the chances to practise.

There was such a famous example in Chinese history. Zhongyong, born with a high IQ, distinguished himself by reciting and even writing poems as a child, which astonished others. Unfortunately, his father didn’t offer him a good environment to foster him but instead, he often took him everywhere to show off his intelligence. Gradually, Zhongyong became an ordinary person.

Thus, I think we, including our parents, our teacher, even the whole society, should try to create a good environment for the children to fully develop their intelligence, and for the children, they should also learn to exploit everything available to develop themselves.

三、 阅读理解

20. 阅读下面短文回答问题，将答案写到相应的位置上（注意题后的字数要求）。 In the United States, train transportation is unpopular compared with cars and airplanes. Most people like traveling by car or by air.

Officials of the United States Department of Transportation made a study in 2001. The study is about how many miles Americans traveled by

different means of transportation. They only studied trips longer than 50 miles. The study showed that fifty-six percent of all miles were traveled in personal vehicle. Forty-one percent were traveled in an airplane. Two percent were traveled in a bus. And less than one percent of miles were traveled in a train.

Amtrak is the national provider of train transportation in the United States. In the past ten years, the number of its passengers has

increased by eighteen percent. Although the number of passengers has increased, it is still very small now. In countries such as France, Germany, or Japan, more people use trains.

There are several reasons why many people __________________________.

Firstly, Americans love to drive their own cars. On highways, cars can travel as fast as trains. These highways connect all major cities in America．Secondly, many travelers like to be independent. When they use their own cars they can decide when to travel. Thirdly, many buses

travel between major cities. Bus travel is less costly than train travel. In a huge country like the United States, cities are far away from each other. In some cases, travel from one city to another by train may take more than a day. Airplanes can carry passengers over long distances much faster. People who do not want to spend long time traveling by train decide to fly. For these people saving time is the most important thing. 86. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)

87. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? It’s convenient for people to decide the start-off time when they travel in their own cars.

88. Please fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.( Please answer within 10 words.) . What means of transportation do you like best when traveling, trains, cars, or planes? Why? (Please answer within 30 words)

90. Translate the underlined sentences in the last paragraph into Chinese. 参：

86. Train transportation in the USA is less popular.

87. When they use their own cars they can decide when to travel. 88. don’t like to travel by train

. Usually I’d like to travel by car, because I can decide when to travel.

If it is a long distance, I’ll travel by air, because it is faster. 90. 那些不想花长时间坐火车旅行的人就决定乘飞机,对这些人来说，节约时间是最重要的。

21. US actress Natalie Portman,33, has always been praised for her smarts. At 18, she went to Harvard University following the release(公映) of her film Star Wars: Episode I in 1999. Four years later, she graduated with a bachelor’s degree in psychology. Then she took graduate courses at Hebrew University in Jerusalem. She speaks six languages and has twice been published in scientific journals.

You may think she has achieved all of these things easily thanks to her fame as actress, but only Portman herself knows what she has been through.

In late May, the Oscar winner revealed that her time at Harvard had some “dark moments” when she gave a speech to graduating Harvard students.

“I felt like … that I wasn’t smart enough to be in this company, and that every time I opened my mouth I would have to prove that I wasn’t just a dumb actress,” she said. It was that fear that helped her carve out her own path, Portman admitted

“My belief that I could handle these things (her own limitations) … was half the battle. The other half was very hard work,” she said.

“Sometimes, your insecurities(不安) and your inexperience may lead you to take on other people’s expectations, standards, or values,” she added.

21. What can be inferred about Portman in Harvard from her speech? A. She experienced a hard time. B. She got wide attention as an actress. C. She tried hard to prove herself a good actress. D. She enjoyed the life as a university student.

22. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. She can speak six foreign languages.

B. After she entered Harvard University, she starred in Star Wars. C. She has twice been published in art journals. D. She won an Oscar Award.

23. How did Portman overcome her disadvantages? A. By her fame and education.

B. By means of her belief and hard work. C. Through her beauty and smarts. D. With her fear and inexperience.

参：

ADB

励志人物类。本文概括了奥斯卡获奖女演员波特曼的突出成就和奋斗历程。 21. A. 推断题。从第三段 “dark moments” 可以推出A为正确选项。 22. D. 细节题。证据在第三段开头。

23. B. 细节题。根据倒数第二段可知，她战胜自己的局限性，一半靠信心，另一半靠勤奋。