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2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案解析

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PartI：Writing(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledTheWaytoSuccessbycommentingonAbrahamLincoln'sfamousremark,\"Givemesixhourstochopdownatree,andIwillspend,thefirstfoursharpeningtheaxe.\"Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.

TheWaytoSuccess

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

(15

minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

Google'sPlanforWorld'sBiggestOnlineLibrary:PhilanthropyOrActofPiracy?

Inrecentyears,teamsofworkersdispatchedbyGooglehavebeenworkinghardtomakedigitalcopiesofbooks.Sofar,Googlehasscannedmorethan10milliontitlesfromlibrariesinAmericaandEurope-includinghalfamillionvolumesheldbytheBodleianinOxford.Theexactmethoditusesisunclear;thecompanydoesnotallowoutsiderstoobservetheprocess.

WhyisGoogleundertakingsuchaventure?Whyisiteveninterestedinallthoseout-of-printlibrarybooks,mostofwhichhavebeengatheringdustonforgottenshelvesfordecades?Thecompanyclaimsitsmotivesareessentiallypublic-spirited.Itsoverallmission,afterall,isto\"organisetheworld'sinformation\soitwouldbeoddifthatinformationdidnotincludebooks.

Thecompanylikestopresentitselfashavingloftyaspirations.\"Thisreallyisn'taboutmakingmoney.Wearedoingthisforthegoodofsociety.\"AsSantiagodelaMora,headofGoogleBooksforEurope,putsit:\"Bymakingitpossibletosearchthemillionsofbooksthatexisttoday,wehopetoexpandthefrontiersofhumanknowledge.\"

DanClancy,thechiefarchitectofGoogleBooks,doesseemgenuineinhisconvictionthatthisisprimarilyaphilanthropic(慈善的)exercise.\"Google'scorebusinessissearchandfind,soobviouslywhathelpsimproveGoogle'ssearchengineisgoodforGoogle,\"hesays.\"Butwehaveneverbuiltaspreadsheet(电子数据表)outliningthefinancialbenefitsofthis,andIhaveneverhadtojustifytheamountIamspendingtothecompany'sfounders.\"

Itiseasy,talkingtoClancyandhiscolleagues,tobesweptalongbytheirmissionarypassion.ButGoogle'sbook-scanningprojectisprovingcontroversial.Severalopponentshaverecentlyemerged,rangingfromrivaltechgiantssuchasMicrosoftandAmazontosmallbodiesrepresentingauthorsandpublishersacrosstheworld.Inbroadterms,theseopponentshavelevelledtwosetsofcriticismsatGoogle.

First,theyhavequestionedwhethertheprimaryresponsibilityfordigitallyarchivingtheworld'sbooksshouldbeallowedtofalltoacommercialcompany.InarecentessayintheNewYorkReviewofBooks,RobertDarnton,theheadofHarvardUniversity'slibrary,arguedthatbecausesuchbooksareacommonresource–thepossessionofusall–onlypublic,not-for-profitbodiesshouldbegiventhepowertocontrolthem.

ThesecondrelatedcriticismisthatGoogle'sscanningofbooksisactuallyillegal.ThisallegationhasledtoGooglebecomingmiredin(陷入)alegalbattlewhosescopeandcomplexitymakesthe

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JarndyceandJarndycecaseinCharlesDickens'BleakHouselookstraightforward.

Atitscentre,however,isonesimpleissue:thatofcopyright.Theinconvenientfactaboutmostbooks,towhichGooglehasarguablypaidinsufficientattention,isthattheyareprotectedbycopyright.Copyrightlawsdifferfromcountrytocountry,butingeneralprotectionextendsforthedurationofanauthor'slifeandforasubstantialperiodafterwards,thusallowingtheauthor'sheirstobenefit.(InBritainandAmerica,thispost-deathperiodis70years.)Thismeans,ofcourse,thatalmostallofthebookspublishedinthe20thcenturyarestillundercopyright–andthelastcenturysawmorebookspublishedthaninallpreviouscenturiescombined.Oftheroughly40millionbooksinUSlibraries,forexample,anestimated32millionareincopyright.Ofthese,some27millionareoutofprint.

OutsidetheUS,Googlehasmadesureonlytoscanbooksthatareoutofcopyrightandthusinthe\"publicdomain\"(workssuchastheBodleian'sfirsteditionofMiddlemarch,whichanyonecanreadforfreeonGoogleBooksSearch).

But,withintheUS,thecompanyhasscannedbothin-copyrightandout-of-copyrightworks.Initsdefence,Googlepointsoutthatitdisplaysonlysmallsegmentsofbooksthatareincopyright–arguingthatsuchdisplaysare\"fairuse\".Butcriticsallegethatbymakingelectroniccopiesofthesebookswithoutfirstseekingthepermissionofcopyrightholders,Googlehascommittedpiracy.

\"Thekeyprincipleofcopyrightlawhasalwaysbeenthatworkscanbecopiedonlyonceauthorshaveexpresslygiventheirpermission,\"saysPiersBlofeld,oftheSheilLandliteraryagencyinLondon.\"Googlehasreversedthis–ithassimplycopiedalltheseworkswithoutbotheringtoask.\"

In2005,theAuthorsGuildofAmerica,togetherwithagroupofUSpublishers,launchedaclassactionsuit(集团诉讼)againstGooglethat,aftermorethantwoyearsofnegotiation,endedwithanannouncementlastOctoberthatGoogleandtheclaimantshadreachedanout-of-courtsettlement.Thefulldetailsarecomplicated-thetextalonerunsto385pages–andtryingtosummariseitisnoeasytask.\"Partoftheproblemisthatitisbasicallyincomprehensible,\"saysBlofeld,oneofthesettlement'smostvocalBritishcritics.

Broadly,thedealprovidesamechanismforGoogletocompensateauthorsandpublisherswhoserightsithasbreached(includinggivingthemashareofanyfuturerevenueitgeneratesfromtheirworks).Inexchangeforthis,therightsholdersagreenottosueGoogleinfuture.

ThissettlementhandsGooglethepower-butonlywiththeagreementofindividualrightsholders–toexploititsdatabaseofout-of-printbooks.Itcanincludetheminsubscriptiondealssoldtolibrariesorsellthemindividuallyunderaconsumerlicence.Itisthesecommercialprovisionsthatareprovingthesettlement'smostcontroversialaspect.

Criticspointoutthat,bygivingGoogletherighttocommerciallyexploititsdatabase,thesettlementpavesthewayforasubtleshiftinthecompany'srolefromproviderofinformationtoseller.\"Google'sbusinessmodelhasalwaysbeentoprovideinformationforfree,andselladvertisingonthebasisofthetrafficthisgenerates,\"pointsoutJamesGrimmelmann,associateprofessoratNewYorkLawSchool.Now,hesays,becauseofthesettlement'sprovisions,Googlecouldbecomeasignificantforceinbookselling.

Interestinthisaspectofthesettlementhasfocusedon\"orphan\"works,wherethereisnoknowncopyrightholder–thesemakeupanestimated5-10%ofthebooksGooglehasscanned.Underthesettlement,whennorightsholderscomeforwardandregistertheirinterestinawork,commercial

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controlautomaticallyrevertstoGoogle.Googlewillbeabletodisplayupto20%oforphanworksforfree,includetheminitssubscriptiondealstolibrariesandsellthemtoindividualbuyersundertheconsumerlicence.

Itisbynomeanscertainthatthesettlementwillbeenacted(执行)–itisthesubjectofafairnesshearingintheUScourts.Butifitisenacted,GooglewillineffectbeoffthehookasfarascopyrightviolationsintheUSareconcerned.Manypeopleareseriouslyconcernedbythis-andthecompanyislikelytofacechallengesinothercourtsaroundtheworld.

NooneknowsthepreciseuseGooglewillmakeoftheintellectualpropertyithasgainedbyscanningtheworld'slibrarybooks,andthetruth,asGleick,anAmericansciencewriterandmemberoftheAuthorsGuild,pointsout,isthatthecompanyprobablydoesn'tevenknowitself.Butwhatiscertainisthat,insomewayorother,Google'sentranceintodigitalbooksellingwillhaveasignificantimpactonthebookworldintheyearstocome.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.Googleclaimsitsplanfortheworld'sbiggestonlinelibraryis_____.A)toservetheinterestofthegeneralpublicB)toencouragereadingaroundtheworldC)tosaveout-of-printbooksinlibraries

D)topromoteitscorebusinessofsearching

2.AccordingtoSantiagodelaMora,Google'sbook-scanningprojectwill_____.A)broadenhumanity'sintellectualhorizonsB)helpthebroadmassesofreaders

C)revolutionisetheentirebookindustry

D)makefulluseofthepowerofitssearchengine

3.OpponentsofGoogleBooksbelievethatdigitallyarchivingtheworld'sbooksshouldbecontrolledby_____.

A)non-profitorganisationsC)multinationalcompaniesB)theworld'sleadinglibrariesD)theworld'stechgiants4.Googlehasinvolveditselfinalegalbattleasitignored_____.A)thecopyrightofauthorsofout-of-printbooksB)thecopyrightofthebooksitscannedC)theinterestoftraditionalbooksellers

D)thedifferencesofin-printandout-of-printbooks

5.Googledefendsitsscanningin-copyrightbooksbysayingthat_____.A)itdisplaysonlyasmallpartoftheircontentB)itiswillingtocompensatethecopyrightholders

C)makingelectroniccopiesofbooksisnotaviolationofcopyrightD)theonlinedisplayofin-copyrightbooksisnotforcommercialuse6.WhatdowelearnabouttheclassactionsuitagainstGoogle?A)ItendedinavictoryfortheAuthorsGuildofAmerica.B)Itwassettledaftermorethantwoyearsofnegotiation.C)ItfailedtoprotecttheinterestsofAmericanpublishers.D)Itcouldleadtomoreout-of-courtsettlementsofsuchdisputes.7.Whatremainedcontroversialaftertheclassactionsuitended?A)Thecompensationforcopyrightholders.

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B)C)ThechangeinGoogle'sbusinessmodel.Google'sfurtherexploitationofitsdatabase.

D)Thecommercialprovisionsofthesettlement.

8.While_____,Googlemakesmoneybysellingadvertising.

9.Bookswhosecopyrightholdersarenotknownarecalled_____.

10.Google'sentranceintodigitalbooksellingwilltremendously_____inthefuture.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.A)Cancelthetriptoprepareforthetest.

B)ReviewhisnotesoncehearrivesinChicago.C)Listentotherecordednoteswhiledriving.D)Prepareforthetestafterthewedding.

12.A)Thewomanwillhelpthemanrememberthelines.B)Themanlacksconfidenceinplayingthepart.C)Themanhopestochangehisroleintheplay.D)Thewomanwillpromptthemanduringtheshow.

13.A)Preparationsforanoperation.C)Arrangingabedforapatient.B)Acomplicatedsurgicalcase.D)Rescuingthewoman'suncle.14.A)Heisinterestedinimprovinghiseditingskills.B)Heiseagertobenominatedtheneweditor.C)HeissuretodoabetterjobthanSimon.D)Heistoobusytoacceptmoreresponsibility.15.A)Hehaslefthispositioninthegovernment.B)Hehasalreadyreachedtheretirementage.

C)Hemadeastupiddecisionatthecabinetmeeting.

D)HehasbeensuccessfullyelectedPrimeMinister.

16.A)Thisyear'sshuttlemissionisabigstepinspaceexploration.B)Themaniswellinformedaboutthespaceshuttlemissions.C)Theshuttleflightwillbebroadcastliveworldwide.D)Themanisexcitedatthenewsoftheshuttleflight.17.A)Atanautorescuecenter.B)Atacarrentingcompany.18.A)Hegothisspeakersfixed.music

B)Hewentshoppingwiththewoman.

C)Atasuburbangarage.

D)Atamountaincamp.

C)Helistenedtosomeserious

D)Heboughtastereosystem.

Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

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19.A)Providingaidtothedisabled.

B)Printinglabelsformanufacturedgoods.C)Promotingproductsformanufacturers.D)Sellingproductsmadeforleft-handers.20.A)Mostofthemarespeciallymadeforhisshop.B)C)D)

Allofthemaremanufacturedinhisownplant.Thekitchenwareinhisshopisofuniquedesign.Abouthalfofthemareunavailableonthemarket.

C)Theyrunchainstoresincentral

D)Theysellbymailorderonly.

21.A)Theyspecialiseinoneproductonly.London.

B)TheyhaveoutletsthroughoutBritain.

Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A)Itpublishesmagazines.

campaigns.

B)Itsponsorstradefairs.

23.A)Theadspecificationshadnotbeengivenindetail.B)C)D)

C)Itrunssalespromotion

D)Itisengagedinproductdesign.

Thewoman'scompanymadelast-minutechanges.

Thewoman'scompanyfailedtomakepaymentsintime.Organisingthepromotionwasreallytime-consuming.

C)Runanotherfour-weekcampaign.D)Givehera10percentdiscount.C)Reflectontheirrespectivemistakes

D)Improvetheirpromotionplans.

24.A)Extendthecampaigntonextyear.B)Cutthefeebyhalfforthisyear.

25.A)Stopnegotiatingforthetimebeing.B)Calmdownandmakepeace.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOne

Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Theylookspotlesslycleanthroughouttheirlives.B)Theyarelookedafterbyanimal-careorganizations.C)Theysacrificetheirlivesforthebenefitofhumans.D)Theyarelabeledpetanimalsbytheresearchers.27.A)Theymayaffecttheresultsofexperiments.B)C)D)

Theymaybehaveabnormally.Theymaybreedoutofcontrol.

Theymaycausedamagetotheenvironment.

28.A)Whentheybecomeescapees.C)Whentheygettooold.B)Whentheyarenolongeruseful.D)Whentheybecomeill.29.A)Whilelaunchinganimalprotectioncampaigns,theyweretrappingkitchenmice.

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B)C)D)

Whileholdingaburialceremonyforapetmouse,theywerekillingpestmice.Whileadvocatingfreedomforanimals,theykepttheirpetmouseinacage.Whilecallingforanimalrights,theyallowedtheirkidstokeeppetanimals.

PassageTwo

Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Theytakeitforgranted.C)Theycontributemosttoit.B)Theyarecrazyaboutit.D)Theyoftenfindfaultwithit.31.A)Heatandlight.B)Economicprosperity.

32.A)Theyfindthecityalientothem.

B)Theyareadventurersfromallovertheworld.C)Theylackknowledgeofthecultureofthecity.D)Theyhavedifficultysurviving.PassageThree

Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Apoliticaldebate.B)Afootballgame.

34.A)Itenhancesfamilyrelationships.

B)Itisasheerwasteoftime.

35.A)HewatchesTVprogramsonlyselectively.B)Hecan'tresistthetemptationofTVeither.C)D)

Hedoesn'tlikewatchingsportsprograms.Heisnotamanwhocankeephispromise.

C)Adocumentary.D)Amurdermystery.

C)Ithelpsbroadenone’shorizons.D)Itisunhealthyfortheviewers.

C)Historicalcontinuity.D)Tidalrestlessness.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

Inthepast,oneofthebiggestdisadvantagesofmachineshasbeentheirinabilitytoworkonamicro-scale.Forexample,doctorsdidnothavedevicesallowingthemtogoinsidethehumanbodyto(36)_____healthproblemsortoperform(37)_____surgery.Repaircrewsdidnothaveawayof(38)_____brokenpipeslocateddeepwithinahigh-rise(39)_____building.However,that'sabouttochange.Advancesincomputersandbiophysicshavestartedamicrominiature(超微)(40)_____thatallowsscientiststoenvision–andinsomecasesactuallybuild–microscopicmachines.Thesedevicespromiseto(41)_____changethewayweliveandwork.

Micromachinesalreadyaremakinganimpact.AtCaseWesternReserveUniversityinCleveland,Ohio,researchscientistshavedesigneda4-inchsiliconchipthatholds700tiny(42)

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_____motors.AtLucasNovaSensorinFremont,California,scientistshaveperfectedtheworld'sfirst

microscopicblood-pressuresensor.Threadedthroughaperson'sblood(43)_____,thesensorcanprovidebloodpressurereadingsatthevalveoftheheartitself.

(44)______________________________________________________________________.Automanufacturers,forexample,aretryingtousetinydevices_______________________________________________________

(45)___________________________________________________________________________.Somefuturistsenvisionnanotechnology(纳米技术)alsobeingusedtoexplorethedeepseainsmallsubmarines,oreventolaunchfinger-sizedrocketspackedwithmicrominiatureinstruments.Thereisanexplosionofnewideasandapplications.So,(46)_________________________________________________________________________________________.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)SectionA

(25minutes)

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.

Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Leadershipisthemostsignificantwordintoday'scompetitivebusinessenvironmentbecauseitdirectsthemanagerofabusinesstofocusinwardontheirpersonalcapabilitiesandstyle.Expertsonleadershipwillquicklypointoutthat\"howthingsgetdone\"influencesthesuccessoftheoutcomesandindicatesarightwayandawrongwaytodothings.Whenanotedleaderontheartofmanagement,PeterDrucker,coinedthephrase\"Managementisdoingthingsright;leadershipisdoingtherightthings,\"hewasseekingtoclarifythedistinctionsheassociateswiththeterms.

WhenStephenCovey,founderanddirectoroftheLeadershipInstitute,exploredleadershipstylesinthepastdecade,hefocusedonthehabitsofagreatnumberofhighlyeffectiveindividuals.HisSevenHabitsofHighlyEffectivePeoplebecameapopularbestsellerveryquickly.Hisideasforcedareexaminationoftheearlyleadershipparadigm(范例),whichheobservedcenteredontraitsfoundinthecharacterethicandthepersonalityethic.Theformerethicsuggestedsuccesswasfoundedonintegrity,modesty,loyalty,courage,patience,andsoforth.Thepersonalityethicsuggesteditwasone'sattitude,notbehavior,thatinspiredsuccess,andthisethicwasfoundedonabeliefofpositivementalattitude.Incontrasttoeachoftheseideas,Coveyadvocatesthatleadersneedtounderstanduniversalprinciplesofeffectiveness,andhehighlightshowvitalitisforleaderstofirstpersonallymanagethemselvesiftheyaretoenjoyanyhopeofoutstandingsuccessintheirworkenvironments.Toachieveadesiredvisionforyourbusiness,itisvitalthatyouhaveapersonalvisionofwhereyouareheadedandwhatyouvalue.Businessleadershipmeansthatmanagersneedto\"putfirstthingsfirst,\"whichimpliesthatbeforeleadingothers,youneedtobeclearonyourownvalues,abilities,andstrengthsandbeseenastrustworthy.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。47.Tobegoodleaders,managersmustpaycloseattentiontotheirown_____.48.AccordingtoPeterDrucker,leadersshouldbegoodat_____.

49.Thepersonalityethicsuggeststhatpeoplearelikelytosucceediftheyhave_____.50.AccordingtoStephenCovey,leaderswhohopetoachieveoutstandingsuccessneedfirstofallto_____.

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51.Goodleadershiprequiresonetoknowone'sownstrengthsandbeabletowinpeople's_____.

SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

What'stheonewordofadviceawell-meaningprofessionalwouldgivetoarecentcollegegraduate?China\India!Brazil!Howabouttrade!

WhentheCommerceDepartmentreportedlastweekthatthetradedeficitinJuneapproached$50billion,itsetoffanewroundofeconomicdoomsaying.Imports,whichsoaredto$200.3billioninthemonth,aresubtractedinthecalculationofgrossdomesticproduct.Thelargerthetradedeficit,thesmallertheGDP.Shouldsuchimbalancescontinue,pessimistssay,theycouldcontributetoslowergrowth.

Butthere'sanotherwayoflookingatthetradedata.Overthepasttwoyears,thefiguresonimportsandexportsseemnottosignaladouble-diprecession–areneweddeclineinthebroadlevelofeconomicactivityintheUnitedStates–butaneconomicexpansion.

Therisingvolumeoftrade–moregoodsandservicesshuttlinginandoutoftheUnitedStates–isgoodnewsformanysectors.Companiesengagedinshipping,trucking,railfreight,delivery,

andlogistics(物流)haveallbeenreportingbetterthanexpectedresults.Therisingnumberssig?nifygrowingvitalityinforeignmarkets–whenweimportmorestuff,itputsmorecashinthehandsofpeoplearoundtheworld,andU.S.exportsarerisingbecausemoreforeignershavetheabilitytobuythethingsweproduceandmarket.Therisingtideoftradeisalsogoodnewsforpeoplewhoworkintrade-sensitivebusinesses,especiallythosethatproducecommoditiesforwhichglobaldemandsetstheprice–agriculturalgoods,mining,metals,oil.

Andwhileexportsalwaysseemtolag,U.S.companiesarebecomingmoreinvolvedintheglobaleconomywitheachpassingmonth.GeneralMotorssellsasmanycarsinChinaasinAmericaeachmonth.Whilethatmaynotdomuchforimports,itdoeshelpGM'sbalancesheet–andhencemakesthejobsofU.S.-basedexecutivesmorestable.

OnegreatchallengefortheU.S.economyisslackdomesticconsumerdemand.Americansarepayingdowndebt,savingmore,andspendingmorecarefully.That'stobeexpected,givenwhatwe'vebeenthrough.Butthere'sabiggerchallenge.CanU.S.-basedbusinesses,largeandsmall,figureouthowtogetapieceofgrowingglobaldemand?UnlessyouwanttopickupandmovetoIndia,orBrazil,orChina,thebestwaytodothatisthroughtrade.Itmayseemobvious,butit'snolongerenoughsimplytodobusinesswithourfriendsandneighborshereathome.

Companiesandindividualswhodon'thaveastrategytoexportmore,ortogetmoreinvolvedinforeignmarkets,ortoplayaroleinglobaltrade,areshuttingthemselvesoutofthelion'sshareofeconomicopportunityinourworld.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

52.HowdopessimistsinterprettheU.S.tradedeficitinJune?A)ItreflectsAmericans'preferenceforimportedgoods.

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B)C)ItsignifiesachangeinAmericaneconomicstructure.

ItistheresultofAmerica'sgrowingfocusondomesticmarket.

D)Itcouldleadtoslowergrowthofthenationaleconomy.

53.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthetradedataofthepasttwoyears?A)ItindicatesthateconomicactivitiesintheU.S.haveincreased.B)ItshowsthatU.S.economyisslippingfurtherintorecession.C)Itsignalsdecreasingdomesticdemandforgoodsandservices.D)Itreflectsthefluctuationsintheinternationalmarket.54.Whoparticularlybenefitfromtherisingvolumeoftrade?A)Peoplewhohaveexpertiseininternationaltrade.B)Consumerswhofavorimportedgoodsandservices.C)Producersofagriculturalgoodsandrawmaterials.D)Retailersdealinginforeigngoodsandservices.

55.WhatisoneofthechallengesfacingtheAmericaneconomy?

A)Competitionfromoverseas.C)Slacktradeactivities.B)People'sreluctancetospend.D)Decreasingproductivity.56.Whatistheauthor'sadvicetoU.S.companiesandindividuals?A)Toimportmorecheapgoodsfromdevelopingcountries.B)Tomovetheircompaniestowherelaborischeaper.C)Toincreasetheirmarketshareoverseas.D)

Tobealerttofluctuationsinforeignmarkets.

PassageTwo

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

ArecurringcriticismoftheUK'suniversitysectorisitsperceivedweaknessintranslatingnewknowledgeintonewproductsandservices.

Recently,theUKNationalStemCellNetworkwarnedtheUKcouldloseitsplaceamongtheworldleadersinstemcellresearchunlessadequatefundingandlegislationcouldbeassured.Weshouldtakethisconcernseriouslyasuniversitiesarekeyinthenationalinnovationsystem.However,wedohavetochallengetheunthinkingcomplaintthatthesectordoesnotdoenoughintakingideastomarket.ThemostrecentcomparativedataontheperformanceofuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsinAustralia,Canada,USAandUKshowsthat,fromarelativelyweakstartingposition,theUKnowleadsonmanyindicatorsofcommercialisationactivity.

Whenviewedatthenationallevel,thepolicyinterventionsofthepastdecadehavehelpedtransformtheperformanceofUKuniversities.EvidencesuggeststheUK'spositionismuchstrongerthanintherecentpastandisstillshowingimprovement.Butnationaldatamaskstheverylargevariationintheperformanceofindividualuniversities.Theevidenceshowsthatalargenumberofuniversitieshavefallenoffthebackofthepack,afewperformstronglyandtherestchasetheleaders.

ThistypeofunevendistributionisnotpeculiartotheUKandismirroredacrossothereconomies.IntheUK,researchisconcentrated:lessthan25%ofuniversitiesreceive75%oftheresearchfunding.ThesesameuniversitiesarealsotheinstitutionsproducingthegreatestshareofPhDgraduates,sciencecitations,patentsandlicenceincome.Theeffectofpoliciesgeneratinglong-termresourceconcentrationhasalsocreatedadistinctivesetofuniversitieswhichare

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research-ledandcommerciallyactive.Itseemsclearthattheconcentrationofresearchandcommercialisationworkcreatesdifferencesbetweenuniversities.

Thecoreobjectiveforuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledmustbetomaximisetheimpactoftheirresearchefforts.Theseuniversitiesshouldbegeneratingthewidestrangeofsocial,economicandenvironmentalbenefits.Inreturnforthescaleofinvestment,theyshouldsharetheirexpertiseinordertobuildgreaterconfidenceinthesector.

PartoftheeconomicrecoveryoftheUKwillbedrivenbythenextgenerationofresearchcommercialisationspillingoutofouruniversities.TherearethreedozenuniversitiesintheUKwhichareactivelyengagedinadvancedresearchtrainingandcommercialisationwork.

Iftherewasagreatercoordinationoftechnologytransferofficeswithinregionsandasimultaneousinvestmentinthescaleandfunctionsofourgraduateschools,universitiescould,andshould,playakeyroleinpositioningtheUKforthenextgrowthcycle.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

57.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofUKuniversitiesintermsofcommercialisation?A)B)C)

Theyfailtoconvertknowledgeintomoney.Theydonotregarditastheirresponsibility.Theystillhaveaplaceamongtheworldleaders.

D)Theyhavelosttheirleadingpositioninmanyways.

58.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthenationaldataonUKuniversities'performanceincommercialisation?A)B)C)

Itmasksthefatalweaknessesofgovernmentpolicy.ItdoesnotrankUKuniversitiesinascientificway.Itdoesnotreflectthedifferencesamonguniversities.

D)Itindicatestheirineffectiveuseofgovernmentresources.

59.WecaninferfromParagraph5that\"policyinterventions\"(Line1,Para.4)refersto_____.A)governmentaidtonon-research-orienteduniversitiesB)C)D)

compulsorycooperationbetweenuniversitiesandindustries

fairdistributionoffundingforuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsconcentrationofresourcesinalimitednumberofuniversities

60.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestresearch-leduniversitiesdo?A)Publicisetheirresearchtowininternationalrecognition.B)Fullyutilisetheirresearchtobenefitallsectorsofsociety.

C)Generouslysharetheirfacilitieswiththoseshortoffunds.D)Spreadtheirinfluenceamongtopresearchinstitutions.

61.HowcantheuniversitysectorplayakeyroleintheUK'seconomicgrowth?A)B)C)

Byestablishingmoreregionaltechnologytransferoffices.

Byaskingthegovernmenttoinvestintechnologytransferresearch.Bypromotingtechnologytransferandgraduateschooleducation.

(15

D)Byincreasingtheefficiencyoftechnologytransferagencies.PartVClozeminutes)

Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethrough

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thecentre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

Ifyouknowwheretofindagoodplastic-freeshampoo,canyoutellJeanneHaegele?LastSeptember,the28-year-oldChicagoresident__62__tocutplasticsoutofherlife.Themarketingcoordinatorwasconcernedabout__63__thechemicalscomingoutofsomecommontypesofplasticmightbedoingtoherbody.Shewasalsoworriedaboutthedamagealltheplastic____wasdoingtotheenvironment.Soshe__65__onherbikeandrodetothenearestgrocerystoretoseewhatshecouldfindthatdidn't__66__plastic.\"Iwentinand__67__boughtanything,\"Haegelesays.Shedid__68__somecannedfoodandacarton(纸盒)ofmilk–todiscoverlaterthatbothcontainerswere__70__withplasticresin(树脂).\"Plastic,\"shesays,\"justseemedlikeitwasineverything.\"

She'sright.Backinthe1960s,plasticwaswell__71__itswaytobecomingastapleofAmericanlife.TheU.S.produced28milliontonsofplasticwastein2005–27milliontonsofwhich__72__inlandfills(垃圾填埋场).Ourfoodandwatercome__73__inplastic.It'susedinourphonesandourcomputers,thecarswedriveandtheplanesweridein.Butthe__74__adaptablesubstancehasitsdarkside.Environmentalistsfeelworriedaboutthepetroleumneededtomakeit.Parentsworryaboutthepossibilityof__75__chemicalsmakingtheirwayfrom76plasticintochildren'sbloodstreams.WhichmeansHaegeleisn'ttheonlypersontryingtocutplasticoutofherlife–sheisn't__77__theonlyonebloggingaboutthiskindof__78__.Butthosewho'vetriedknowit's__79__fromeasytogoplastic-free.\"Thesethingsseemtobesocommon__80__itispracticallyimpossibletoavoidcominginto__81__withthem,\"saysFrederickvomSaal,abiologistattheUniversityofMissouri.62.A)resolvedB)recoveredC)removedD)retreated63.A)when.A)essencerubbish65.A)hinged66.A)include67.A)slightly68.A)pursue69.A)rather70.A)probedcombined71.A)by

72.A)endedup73.A)trapped

74.A)interactively75.A)sensible76.77.still78.79.much

A)householdA)hardlyA)endeavorA)well

B)ever

B)coupled

B)overB)pulledup

B)adaptedB)remotely

B)toxicB)family

B)largely

B)recreation

B)littleB)what

B)unitB)hoppedB)induceB)nearlyB)prescribe

C)who

C)crust

C)stretchedC)compose

C)roughly

C)preserveC)merely

C)linedC)on

C)putup

D)setup

D)adoptedD)resolutely

D)absurdD)civil

C)even

C)accomplishmentD)diligence

C)far

C)wrappedC)infinitely

C)attractiveC)internal

D)dippedD)consistD)barely

D)purchaseD)only

D)underD)why

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80.81.agreementPartVIminutes)

A)whileA)fashion

B)which

C)but

B)approach

Translation

D)that

C)contact

D)(5

Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnsw&rSheet2.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。

82.Youshouldn'thaverunacrosstheroadwithoutlooking.You______________________________(也许会被车撞倒的).

33.Bynomeans______________________________(他把自己当成专家)althoughheknowsalotaboutthefield.84.Hedoesn'tappreciatethesacrificehisfriendshim,______________________________(把他们所做的视作理所当然).

have

made

for

85.Janettoldmethatshewouldratherhermother______________________________(不干涉她的婚姻).

86.Tokeepupwiththeexpandingfrontiersofscholarship,EdwardWilsonfoundhimself______________________________(经常上网查找信息).2011年12月大学英语六级真题答案

快速阅读

1.Googleclaimsitsplanfortheworld’sbiggestonlinelibraryis_____【答案】B.toservetheinterestofthegeneralpublic

2.AccordingtoSantiagodelaMora,Google’sbook-scanningprojectwill【答案】B.broadenhumanity’sintellectualhorizons

3.OpponentsofGoogleBooksbelievethatdigitallyarchivingtheworld'sbooksshouldbecontrolledby_______.

【答案】C.non-profitorganizations

4.【答案】D.thecopyrightofthebooksitscanned

5.【答案】B.theonlinedisplayofin-copyrightbooksisnotforcommercialuse6.【答案】B.Itwassettleaftermorethantwoyearsofnegotiation.7.【答案】D.Thecommercialprovisionofthesettlement8.【答案】Providinginformationforfree9.【答案】orphanworks

10.【答案】changetheworld’sbookmarket

SectionA

11.【答案】A)Listentotherecordednoteswhiledriving.12.【答案】C)Themanlacksconfidenceinplayingthepart.13.【答案】A)Arrangingabedforapatient

14.【答案】A)Heistoobusytoacceptmoreresponsibility.15.【答案】C)Hehaslefthispositioninthegovernment.

16.【答案】D)Themaniswellinformedaboutthespaceshuttlemissions.17.【答案】A)Atacarrentingcompany18.:Whatdidthemandoovertheweekend?

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【答案】A)Helistenedtosomeseriousmusic.19:Whatkindofbusinessdoesthemanengagedin?【答案】B)Sellingproductsmadeforleft-handers.20:Whatdoesthemansayabouthisstockofproducts?【答案】D)Mostofthemarespeciallymadeforhisshop.

21:Whatdoesthemansayaboutotherpeopleinhislineofbusiness?【答案】D)Theysellbymailorderonly.

22:Whatdowelearnabouttheman’scompany?

【答案】C)Itsponsorstradefairs.

23:Whywasthecampaigndelayedaccordingtotheman?【答案】C)Thewoman'scompanymadelast-minutechanges.24:Whatdoesthewomanproposeasasolutiontotheproblem?【答案】D)Cutthefeebyhalfforthisyear.

25:Whatdoesthemansuggesttheydoattheendoftheconversation?【答案】D)Reflectontheirrespectivemistakes.

26.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutmostofthemiceusedforexperiments?【答案】D)Theysacrificetheirlivesforthebenefitofhumans.27Whydidtheso-calledbadmicehavetobecapturedanddestroyed?【答案】C)Theymayaffecttheresultsofexperiments.28Whenaremicekilledwithoutpriorapproval?

【答案】C)Whentheybecomeescapees.

29WhydoesthespeakersaywhattheHerzau’sdidathomeisironical?

【答案】A)Whileholdingaburialceremonyforapetmouse,theywerekillingpestmice.30.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutthenativesofNewYork?【答案】D)Theytakeitforgranted.

31.WhatdoesthespeakersaycommutersgivetoNewYork?【答案】A)Tidalrestlessness.

32.WhatdowelearnaboutthesettlersofNewYork?

【答案】B)Theyareadventurersfromallovertheworld.

33.Asthespeakerwalkedintothelivingroom,whatwasbeingshownonTV?【答案】D)Amurdermystery

34.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutwatchingtelevision?【答案】C)Itisunhealthyfortheviewers.35.Whatcanwesayaboutthespeaker?

【答案】B)Hecan’tresistthetemptationofT.V.either.

（36）detect（37）delicate（38）identifying（39）apartment（40）revolution（41）dramatically42）primitive（43）vessels

（44）Althoughsimpleversionsofminiaturedeviceshavehadanimpact,advancedversionsarestillseveralyearsaway.

（45）thatcansensewhentoreleaseanairbagandhowtokeepenginesandbreaksoperatingefficiently.

（46）whenscientistsnowthinkaboutfuturemachinesdoinglargeandcomplextasks,they’rethinkingsmallerthaneverbefore.仔细阅读

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SectionA

47.values,abilitiesandstrengths48.doingtherightthings49.positivementalattitude50.managethemselves51.trustSectionBPassageOne

53.AItindicatesthateconomicactivitiesintheUShaveincreased.54.CProducersofagriculturalgoodsandrawmaterials55.CPeople’sreluctancetospend

56.BToincreasetheirmarketshareoverseas.PassageTwo

57.A.theystillhaveaplaceamongtheworldleaders.

58.B.Itdoesnotreflectthedifferencesamonguniversities.

59.A.concentrationofresourcesinalimitednumberofuniversities.60.A.Fullyutilizetheirresearchtobenefitallsectorsofsociety.61.C.Bypromotingtheefficiencyoftechnologytransferagencies.完形填空62:resolved63:what:essence65:hopped66:include67:barely68:purchase69:merely70:combined71:on72:endedup73:wrapped74:infinitely75:toxic

76:household77:even78:endeavor79:far80:that

81:contact翻译

82：maybeknockeddownbycar83:doeshetakehimselftobeanexpert。84:andtakeitforgranted。85:notinterferemarriage。

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86．oftensearchinginformationontheinternet作文

Thewaytosuccess

Whatissuccess?Infact,successisapositivefeeling,itisastateofconfidenceafterweachieveouridealsSoallofuswilltryourbesttogetsuccess.\"IfAisasuccessinlife,thenAequalsxplusyplusz..Hardworkingisx;yisgoodmethodsandzisstoptalkingandgetdowntowork.\"ItissaidbyEinstein,whoisusedtobeawinneroftheNobelPrize.AccordingtothisWisdom,weknownthatifwewanttodoeverythingsuccessful,wemustfollowtheseways.

Whenwebegintostudy,ourparentsandteachersalwaystoldustostudyhard.Hardworking,whichisanusefulwaytosuccess,isnecessaryforus.Hardworking,whichmeansweshouldtryourbesttodothethings.Besides,ifyouwanttogetsuccess,wenotonlyneedhardworking,butalsohavesomeusefulmethods.Ifyouhavesomeusefulmethods,youwillfeelthatitiseasiertoachieveyourgoals.What'smore,wemuststoptalkingandgetdowntowork.Successisbaseontheactions.Actions,maynotletwegetsuccess.Butifwenotaction,itcanneverbesuccessful.Regardlessofthedreamisbigorsmall,thegoalishighorlow,fromnowon,swingitintoaction.Inmyopinion,ifyoufollowtheseimportantwaystodoeverythings,youwillgetsuccessatlast.

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