The adventures of Tom Sawyer
《汤姆·索亚历险记》是美国著名小说家马克·吐温的代表作，发表于1876年。小说主人公汤姆·索亚天真活泼，富于幻想和冒险，不堪忍受束缚个性，枯燥乏味的生活，幻想干一番英雄事业。小说通过主人公的冒险经历，对美国虚伪庸俗的社会习俗、伪善的宗教仪式和刻板陈腐的学校教育进行了讽刺和批判，以欢快的笔调描写了少年儿童自由活泼的心灵。《汤姆·索亚历险记》以其浓厚的深具地方特色的幽默和对人物敏锐观察，一跃成为最伟大的儿童文学作品，也是一首美国“黄金时代”的田园牧歌。《汤姆·索亚历险记》的姐妹篇是《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》。《汤姆·索亚历险记》是美国十九世纪文学大师马克·吐温的代表作，是世界文学宝库的一部杰出经典名著。《汤姆·索亚历险记》描写了十九世纪密西西河畔一个小镇人民的生活，可以说是当时美国社会生活的一个缩影。从小说中我们可以了解到穷人和富人，教堂和学校，宗教与犯罪等当时美国生活的各个方面。作者马克·吐温以满腔热情和真挚的爱为读者塑造了小主人公汤姆·索亚和他的一群小伙伴。汤姆·索亚是个成长中的孩子，他调皮，喜欢恶作剧，却又善良可爱乐于助人。他讨厌教堂里老师干巴巴的说教，他不喜欢整天在学校里干燥无味的生活，他向往成为绿林好汉，他希望加入海盗，过新鲜刺激的生活。他总在危险时刻，挺身而出，做出那些懦弱的“好孩子”，体面的“优秀生”无法做出的正义行为，展示出自己的魅力。
Tom Sawyer tried to cut the cupboard with the knife. Then, it was the time for him to dress up. First, he must wash his faces and hands in a tin basin of water. But Tom Sawyer didn’t want to take the trouble to1 wash them. So he just poured out2 the water onto the ground. Then, Mary uncovered his secret3 and he had to use soap to wash his faces again. This time, his faces were not completely cleaned yet. The clean part was just like a mask4 on his face. Mary brushed his hair neatly and Tom Sawyer put on unhappily the suit of his clothes. With the efforts of his own cousin Mary, Tom had become a different person. Finally, he got into his shoes.
Then, they went to the Sunday school. Tom Sawyer hated the school very much. The school hours were from nine to half past ten and then church service. When the children came to the gate of the school, Tom Sawyer walked slower and asked another boy, “Bill, have you got a yellow ticket?” After they bargained5 for a while, they reached a deal6. Tom gave him a fishing hook and he got the yellow ticket from Bill. In the same way, he exchanged for some red tickets and some blue tickets.
In this school, the teacher had set a rule7 to encourage the children to recite the Bible: if he could recite two verses8, the teacher would give him one blue ticket; ten
blue tickets were equal to one red ticket; ten red tickets could be exchanged for a yellow ticket; if anybody could get ten yellow tickets, the teacher would give him or her a new Bible. Getting the thick book was the greatest honor for the children. So many children were busy reciting every day. They just wanted to get a Bible. In Tom Sawyer’s memory, it was impossible to get a Bible. So he thought of an easy way. He exchanged his small things for cards in other children’s hands. In this way, he got many cards.
At the beginning of the class, the thirty-five-year-old teacher made a habitual9 speech. Tom Sawyer was playing with the boys around him. He pulled a boy’s hair and pinned another, but when they turned around, Tom just read the book carefully, but the children began to talk noisily in the latter one third of the talk. Some children even began to fight.
Suddenly, the room turned silent because some visitors came into the room. Three adults and one young girl entered. To Tom Sawyer’s surprise, the little girl was just the “angle”. Tom Sawyer thought of his meeting with the girl and the adventure in her garden. Among the visitors, the old man was somebody and all the teachers, men and women, made up to him in many different ways.
Then it was the time to give prize to those children who had got ten yellow tickets. The room was quiet. Nobody had enough tickets. When hope was dead, Tom Sawyer stood up with nine yellow tickets, nine red ones and ten blue ones. Tom Sawyer stood in the front of the room, and all the children looked at him with eagerness. Then, the children all of a sudden realized that they were cheated by Tom Sawyer. The teacher didn’t believe Tom Sawyer could get so many tickets, but the number of tickets was exact. The prize was given to Tom Sawyer and he was introduced to the old man. 阅读思考（CBCBD）
1. Why did Tom Sawyer pour out the water onto the ground? A. Because he found the floor was dry. B. Because he wanted to sweep the floor. C. Because he didn’t want to wash his faces. D. Because his sister discovered his secret.
2. According to the structure of the passage, we can put the sentence “Do you know why?” at the end of ________. A. the first paragraph B. the second paragraph
C. the third paragraph D. the fourth paragraph
3. Why did Tom Sawyer exchange for some tickets? A. Because he could play with the tickets. B. Because he couldn’t go to school without them. C. Because he wanted to get the prize Bible
D. Because he could make money by exchanging them.
4. What does the underlined word “somebody” in the fifth paragraph most probably mean?
A. a certain person
B. a person of some importance C. the angel D. the teacher
5. Which of the following of NOT true according to the passage? A. Tom Sawyer was very intelligent B. Tom Sawyer got a Bible as a prize C. Mary was very helpful to Tom Sawyer D. Tom Sawyer could recite 2000 verses 节选背景
汤姆有着敢于探险、追求自由、做错事后敢于承认错误、承认缺点的优秀性格特点。
汤姆是个聪明爱动又调皮捣蛋的孩子，在他身上集中体现了智慧、计谋、正义、勇敢乃至领导等诸多才能。他是一个多重角色的集合，足智多谋，富于同情心，对现实环境持反感态度，一心要冲出桎梏，去当绿林好汉，过行侠仗义的生活。
小说塑造的汤姆·索亚是个有理想有抱负同时也有烦恼的形象，他有血有肉，栩栩如生，给读者留下了深刻的印象。在姨妈眼里，他是个顽童，调皮捣蛋，可是她却一次又一次地被他的“足智多谋”给软化了。
主人公汤姆，关于他，梗概中有简单的概括──“淘气的机灵鬼”“镇上孩子的头儿”“在小伙伴眼中无所不能”。我们看看汤姆在山洞里回来后的表现：因为他身体虚弱，浑身没有一点力气，所以“躺在沙发上”。尽管如此，他讲得还是那样眉飞色舞，“同时还夸张地吹嘘一番”，可见他的淘气和历险后心里获得的极大满足──人们把他们回来看作奇迹，他和镇上的人们都觉得他是真正的英雄！聪明勇敢机智!
故事发生在19世纪上半叶密西西比河畔的一个普通小镇上。汤姆·索亚是一
个调皮的孩子，他和同父异母的弟弟希德一起接受姨妈波莉的监护。他总是能想出各种各样的恶作剧，让波莉姨妈无可奈何，而他也总能想尽办法来躲避惩罚。一天，汤姆见到了可爱的姑娘贝琪·撒切尔，她是撒切尔法官的女儿。汤姆一见到她就对她展开了攻势。而他的爱似乎也得到了回应。镇上有一个孩子叫哈克贝利·费恩。他的父亲总是酗酒，父母一直打架，因此他跑出来自己生活。他看起来和文明社会格格不入，大人们都不喜欢他，可汤姆和他却是好朋友。有一天他们约好晚上一起去墓地，却看到了意想不到的一幕。他们看到鲁滨逊医生、恶棍印第安·乔和喝得醉醺醺的莫夫·波特。在他们混乱的厮打中，印第安·乔把医生杀死了，然后又嫁祸于被打昏的波特身上。汤姆和哈克被吓坏了，立了血誓决不泄密。波特被捕以后，汤姆十分内疚，经常去看望他。此时的汤姆事事不顺，贝琪生了他的气，不再理睬他，波莉姨妈也总是呵斥他，他觉得没有人关心他。于是，汤姆、哈克和村上的另一个孩子一起乘小船去了一个海岛。可没过多久，他们便发现村里的人们以为他们淹死了，正在搜寻他们的尸体。汤姆晚上悄悄回到了姨妈家，发现波莉姨妈正在为他的“死”悲痛欲绝。汤姆觉得十分惭愧。最终，他们三个人在村民们为他们举行葬礼的时候回来了。夏天来临时，汤姆便感到更加不安，因为法官将对波特的罪行作出判决。汤姆终于战胜了恐惧与自私，指出了印第安·乔就是杀人凶手。可凶手还是逃走了。后来，汤姆又想出了一个主意：寻找宝藏。汤姆和哈克偶然发现了印第安·乔和他的一大笔不义之财。但他们却不知道他把钱藏在哪里了。在贝琪和同学们外出野餐时，哈克得知印第安·乔要去加害道格拉斯寡妇，因为她的丈夫曾经送他进过监狱。幸亏哈克及时报信才避免了一场悲剧的发生，可印第安·乔再一次逃之夭夭。此时，汤姆和贝琪在野餐时走进了一个山洞，因为洞太深而找不到回来的路，被困在里面。他们在山洞里再一次遇见了印第安·乔。村民费尽周折救出汤姆和贝琪之后封死了山洞。后来汤姆告知村民印第安·乔还在里面。当他们找到他时，他已经死在山洞里了。恶人得到了应有的报应。汤姆和哈克再次回到山洞里，找到了那笔宝藏。
