考研英语(二)模拟试卷26(题后含答案及解析)

考研英语（二）模拟试卷26 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Writing

Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)

Devil, V8, Anal, Christ; these are among the baby names【C1】______by New Zealand’s department of internal affairs, who recently【C2】______a【C3】______list of those disallowed by registrars in the past ten years. Few decisions are more【C4】______than the naming of offspring. Yet laws【C5】______the choice of both first names and surnames are not【C6】______around the world. Denmark expects new parents to choose from a register of acceptable names; Portugal lists banned and approved ones. German registrars prohibit the use of most nouns and place-names, and also frown【C7】______any that do not clearly imply a gender: bad luck, Kim. Governments argue that these rules prevent children being【C8】______with absurd names that may cause them problems in later life. They also aim to block names that might cause【C9】______to others. In 2009 a couple in New Jersey lost custody of a boy they had named Adolf Hitler. 【C10】______concerns play a role, too. Government databases may struggle with long names: New Zealand allows 100 characters for all first names; the state of Massachusetts has a【C11】______of 40 for each. Chinese face a particular difficulty: their language has tens of thousands of characters, but a name that uses【C12】______or rare ones can mean computer problems. Whether these decisions make any difference is another matter. A study in 2002 suggested that individuals may be influenced by their first names, without even being【C13】______of it. A disproportionate number of girls named Georgia live in the American state that【C14】______their name; boys named Dennis may be slightly【C15】______likely to become dentists than those called Walter (and Georges seem to have a【C16】______for geology). Academics with surnames in the【C17】______half of alphabet are more likely to get good university jobs (the authors of papers are listed alphabetically). Ballot papers that list politicians’ names that way also show a【C18】______effect. But reinvention beckons. Britain’s chancellor was born Gideon Osborne; aged 13, he became George. The UK Deed Poll Service, a legal firm, in 2011 helped 60,000 Britons rename themselves (fees start at ￡33, around $50); it was only 5,000 a decade before. American courts report similar trends. Some such applicants may wish to【C19】______their parents’ expectations, while others may regret they were not given a more【C20】______name.

1． 【C1】 A．registered B．rejected C．advocated

D．stressed

正确答案：B

解析：根据下文的a list of those disallowed by registrars…，可以判断这里列举的几个名字Devil，V8，Anal，Christ都是被禁止的名字。register“注册”；reject“拒绝，否认”；advocate“提倡”；stress，“强调，重视”。正确答案应该选[B]。

2． 【C2】 A．announced B．released C．claimed D．emitted

正确答案：B

解析：这里考查和list一词搭配的动词，announce表示“宣布，通告”，后面常接的名词是decision，plan，intention等。release可以表示“发布”，与list搭配恰当。claim做动词表示“宣称”，往往强调某人自己宣称，而事实情况不一定与他所说相符。emit“放出”，往往指放出“光、热、气体”等。因此，本题的正确答案应该选[B]。

3． 【C3】

A．comprehensive B．composite C．compressive D．compulsory

正确答案：A

解析：这里考查几个形似的形容词意思的区别。[A]comprehensive表示“完整的，完全的”，和list搭配，意思是“完全的名单”；[B]composite意思是“混合的，合成的”；[C]compressive意思是“压缩的”；[D]compulsory意思是“义务的，强制的”。符合句义的是[A]。

4． 【C4】 A．individual B．specific C．personal D．humane

正确答案：C 解析：横线处后面几句话都在律对于名字的管制，横线处的这句话和后面的语句之间用yet连接，说明是转折关系。因此横线处这句话应该是在强调取名字不该由法律控制，也就是强调取名字应该是个人的事情。[A]individual和[C]personal都可以表示个人的，但是individual做形容词一定要放在名词前面，而personal作为形容词可以单独作为表语出现，因此，本题的正确答案是[C]。

5． 【C5】 A．rectifying B．adjusting C．regulating D．amending

正确答案：C

解析：横线处需要填一个动词的现在分词形式，做后置定语。rectify意思是“纠正，修复”。adjust意思是“调整”；regulate意思是“管制，控制”；amend意思是“修订，修改”。将四个词分别填到空格处，不难发现意思最符合句义的应该是regulate。laws regulating the choice of both first names and surnames意思是“管理取名字的法律”。

6． 【C6】 A．common B．uncommon C．universal

D．commonplace

正确答案：B 解析：横线处后面几句话分别列举了几个国家(Denmark，Portugal，Germany)对于名字的管制。可见横线处这句话所表达的含义应该是“管制名字的法律在全世界并不少见”，正确答案应该选[B]，剩下的几个选项coitlnlon，universal．和commonplace都表示“常见的，普通的”，与句义不符。

7． 【C7】 A．with B．of C．over D．upon

正确答案：D

解析：frown这个动词表示“皱眉，蹙眉”，表示一种不满的情绪，后面往往和介词upon／on搭配，表示“对……不满”。例如，My parents always frown on late nights out．我父母向来不赞成深夜外出。Even though divorce is legal，it is still frowned upon．尽管法律上讲离婚是合法的，但是人们还是对它嗤之以鼻。

8． 【C8】 A．imitated B．intimidated C．burdened D．laughed

正确答案：C 解析：横线处所在的这一段是在解释要干预取名字这件事的原因。第一个原因是要防止孩子们因为名字不好而遭受负面影响。imitate表示“模仿”；intimidate表示“恐吓，吓唬”，sb．be intimidated by sth．表示“某人被……威胁、恐吓”；burden表示“给……造成负担”，sb．be burdened with sth．，表示“某人承受……负担”；laugh表示“笑”，后面需要加介词at才能表示“嘲笑”。因此最符合句义，语法上也符合要求的词是burden，[C]为正确答案。

9． 【C9】 A．inconvenience B．insult C．panic D．offence

正确答案：D 解析：横线处这句话是取名字的自由的第二条理由。他们想要阻止那些可能会给他人带来的名字。横线后面这句话举了一个例子，2009年，新泽西州的一对夫妻失去了对他们的孩子的监护权，因为他们给他们的孩子取名叫阿道夫.希特勒。像这样的名字会让他人觉得不适。[A]inconvenience表示“不便”，cause inconvenience to others表示“给他人造成不便”，不符合上下文语义；[B]insult表示“侮辱”，cause insult to others表示“对他人造成侮辱”，不符合句义；[C]panic表示“恐慌”，cause panic“造成恐慌”，后面不接to sb．，如果要加介词往往用cause panic in。[D]offence表示“冒犯”，cause offense to sb．，表示“对他人造成冒犯，使他人感到不适”，为正确答案。

10． 【C10】 A．Ethical

B．Philosophical C．Scientific D．Technological

正确答案：D 解析：上文提到了名字的一些考虑。横线所在的一段继续讨论这个问题，不过是从另一个侧面来探讨。横线处后面几句话提到了的数据库在处理很长的名字的时候往往束手无策，因此必须对名字长度加以。由此可以判断，名字的另外一层考虑就是技术方面的考虑，正确答案应该选[D]Technological。ethical表示“道德的，伦理的”；philosophical表示“哲学的”；scientific表示“科学的”。要注意science和technology的区分，一个注重理论，一个注重操作。

11． 【C11】 A．restraint B．constraint C．limit

D．confinement

正确答案：C

解析：四个选项都有“”之意。[A]restraint和[B]constraint往往都表示对某种行为的，例如，There are no constraints on your choice of subject for the essay．文章内容不拘，你可任选。The government has imposed restraints on corporate mergers．已经对公司合并的行为加以。[C]limit指“(时间、空间、程度、数量等方面能或允许达到的)最大限度”，文中强调父母给孩子起名字的长度的，可以使用limit一词。[D]confinement的意思是“在某个空间内”。He has been put in solitary confinement for attacking another prisoner．他因伤害另一囚犯而被隔离监禁。

12． 【C12】 A．alternative B．acquainted C．archaic D．ambiguous

正确答案：C 解析：横线处所在的段落主要在讨论父母取名不当可能带来的技术问题。在中国，因为有成千上万个汉字，因此一个使用——或者生僻字的名字可能会在计算机录入时发生问题。根据“生僻词”以及整个一段讨论的内容，可以判断横线处填的词应该是[C]archaic，这个词的意思是“古老的，已经不通用的”。[A]alternative表示“两者择一的”；[B]acquainted表示“熟悉的，熟知的”；[D]ambiguous表示“模棱两可的，有歧义的”。

13． 【C13】 A．conscientious B．reminded C．conscious D．noticed

正确答案：C

解析：横线处所在的一句话的意思是“一项2002年的调查研究显示个人往往会受到他们的名字的影响，这种影响甚至连他们自己都没有意识到”。[A]conscientious表示“认真的”；remind表示“提醒，提示”，sb．be reminded of sth．“提醒某人某事”；[C]conscious”意识到的”，形容词，固定搭配是be conscious of sth．“意识到……”。notice“注意”，但是被动语态用在句中不符合语法，如果是without even noticing it，就是正确的了。

14． 【C14】 A．allows B．shares C．grants

D．identifies

正确答案：B

解析：横线所在的这一段主要在讨论名字对于人的潜在影响。A disproportionate number of girls named Georgia live in the American state that 14 their name．有多得不成比例的女孩子“住在佐治娅州”。本题很难直接通过上下文猜测出词义，只有通过分别将四个选项填入空格处的办法来判断正确答案。allow表示“同意”，如果填该词，那么整句话的意思将变成“多得不成比例的女孩住在佐治亚州，因为这个州允许女孩子使用她们的名字”，句义无逻辑性。share表示“分享，共有”。填在句中，整句话的意思是“有多得不成比例的叫乔治娅女孩子住在佐治亚州”。这句话逻辑上通顺，而且也符合这一段的主旨，为正确答案。grant“同意”，和allow一样，句义上讲不通。identify“识别，鉴别”(identify sth．)或者“认同”(identify with sth．)，无论是从语法还是句义上，填identify一词都无法成立。因此，本题的正确答案是[B]。

15． 【C15】 A．less B．much C．more D．even

正确答案：C 解析：整个一段在讲名字对人可能产生的潜在影响。Dennis这个男孩的名字和Dentist非常相似，因此，很多男孩很有可能因为名字比较像dentist而在长大之后真的成为了牙医，这个例子可以很好地反映本段的主题。因此，横线处应该填more。

16． 【C16】 A．indication B．inclination C．information D．intelligence

正确答案：B

解析：本段讨论名字对人潜在的影响。George这个名字因为和geology比较相似，因此叫做George的男孩子有可能对地理产生偏爱。[A]indication“显示，指示”；[B]inclination“倾向”，have an inclination for sth．表示“某人有做某事的倾向”。[C]information“信息”；[D]intelligence“智力”。符合句义的是[B].

17． 【C17】 A．former B．upper C．latter D．lower

正确答案：B

解析：Academics with surnames in the 17 half of alphabet are more likely to get good university jobs(the authors of papers are listed alphabetically)横线所在处括号里面的内容强调了“论文的作者名字都是按照字母顺序排列的”，因此，名字排在前面的人自然更容易获得好的大学工作。根据对这层含义的理解，横线处应该填的是upper一词，in the upper half of alphabet表示在“字母表前半部分”，相反的短语是in the lower/latter half of alphabet。而[A]former表示“以前的”，例如，the former world champion前世界冠军。

18． 【C18】 A．same B．positive C．negative D．similar

正确答案：D 解析：上一句话提到按照字母顺序排列姓名可能对一学者的学术生涯产生的影响。横线处这句话继续讲这个问题，在列有政治家名字的选票单上，会看到那些名字靠前的政治家得到的选票比较多，正确答案应该选[D]，这句话和上一句话表现出的是一种相似的效应，即名字排序对人的影响。之所以不选[A]，是因为横线前面是不定冠词a，而same往往要和定冠词the搭配。

19． 【C19】 A．live up to

B．break away from C．fall short of D．go contrary to

正确答案：B

解析：横线处所在的段落的主旨大意是“如果人们对自己的名字不满，可以换名字”。在英国，2011年，一家叫做Deed Poll Service的公司已经帮助60 000个人更改了姓名。而美国也出现了类似的趋势。他们中的有些人改名是为了摆脱父母对他们的期望。四个选项中[A]live up to(one’s expectation)表示“不辜负(某人的期望)”；[B]break away from(one’s expectation)表示“摆脱(某人的期望)”；[C]fall short of(one’s expectation)表示“辜负(某人的期望)”；[D]go contrary to(one’s expectation)表示“与(某人的期望)背道而驰”。正确答案应该是[B]。

20． 【C20】 A．memorial B．monumental C．memorable D．mortal

正确答案：C 解析：[A]memorial“记忆的，纪念的”；[B]monumental“纪念碑的，不朽的”；[C]memorable“容易记住的”;[D]mortal“有生的，终有一死的”。根据句义理解，很多人换名字可能是认为自己的名字不够醒目，不那么容易让人记住。因此，正确答案是[C]。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

Young mums shopping in the Copley Mall in downtown Boston last month found themselves being questioned about their use of soap by students from Harvard Business School (HBS). The students were not doing odd jobs to earn beer money. They were preparing to help a firm in Brazil launch an Fieldwork—i. e. , going out and talking to people—is a big change for HBS. Its students used to sit in a classroom and discuss case studies written by professors. Now they may also work in a developing country and launch a start-up. “Learning by doing” will become the norm, if a radical overhaul of the MBA curriculum succeeds. Nitin Nohria, who became dean of HBS in July 2010, has long lamented the failure of business schools to fulfill their mission of turning management into a profession similar to law or medicine. Asked what should be expected from someone with an MBA, he replies that “obviously, they should master a body of knowledge. But we should also expect them to apply that knowledge with some measure of judgment. “ MBA students have long been sent on summer internships with prospective employers, but HBS, like most business schools, did little else to help them with the practical application of management studies. The new field practice will include three elements. First, team-building exercises. Students take turns to lead a group engaged in a project such as designing an “eco-friendly sculpture”. They learn to collaborate and to give and take feedback. Second, students will be sent to work for a week with one of more than 140 firms in 11 countries. Already the new intakes have had conference calls with these companies, ranging from the Brazilian soapmaker to a Chinese property firm. In the third novel part of the course, students will be given eight weeks, and seed money of $ 3,000 each, to launch a small company. The most successful, as voted by their fellow students, will get more funding. It remains to be seen if this amounts to much more than a business-plan competition, though Mr. Nohria says he hopes some real businesses will be created. In January, the vote in favor of trying the field method had been held among HBS professors, and the result is “as enthusiastic as you could get from a faculty,” says Mr. Nohria, wryly. The experiment does not come cheap, adding 10-15% to the course’s cost, which HBS will bear while it figures out what works. Besides, it is unclear how much the one-week working assignments will achieve. Pankaj Ghemawat, a management guru, says “the literature suggests that an immersion experience needs to be at least 2-3 weeks and be backed up with time in the classroom. “ The HBS students’ classroom preparation will have

to be pretty thorough, then, to make up for the brevity of their field trips.

21． Students mentioned in Paragraph 1 are______. A．doing part-time job to earn some pocket money B．conducting a survey on Americans’ hygienic habit C．promoting a new product for a Brazil company D．involved in a filed work experimented by HBS

正确答案：D 解析：第一段中，作者提到了一些学生在波士顿市区的科普利商场开展社会调查。这些学生并不是在打零工赚零花钱，他们在帮助一家准备发布一款新型的抗病菌洁面乳的巴西公司做前期准备工作。根据这些信息，我们可以判断[A]答案错误。[B]答案也错误，他们并不是在调查美国人的卫生习惯，而是在为某家公司做关于洁面乳产品的市场调查。[C]答案利用Brazil company和new product设置干扰。注意，原文第一段中明确指出巴西这家公司还没有推出新产品，只是在做前期的准备工作，因此不能说学生们已经在帮他们推销新产品了。根据下文内容判断，只有[D]答案正确。哈佛商学院的这批学生是在参与社会实践活动，而这项社会实践活动是由哈佛商学院的新院长提出来的，那就是“在做中学”。

22． In the past, the teaching objective of HBS is mainly fulfilled by______. A．sending students to conduct a variety of fieldwork

B．encouraging students to take internships in big companies

C．engaging students in the discussion and study of business cases D．lecturing on important business definitions, theories and principles

正确答案：C

解析：本题主要考查对文章第二段中一个细节内容的理解。实践教学法fieldwork是哈佛大学的一项新举措，而以前哈佛大学的学生是通过坐在教室中和教授讨论商业案例来学习商业知识的。“Its students used to sit in a classroom and discuss case studies written by professors．”因此本题的正确答案应该选[C]。其他几项答案中[A]利用fieldwork设置反向干扰，[B]利用第三段中的intern一词设置干扰，[D]答案是原文中没有的内容，属于无关干扰。

23． The intention of Nitin Nohria to launch the new curriculum is to______. A．help students to obtain internship opportunities from prospective employers B．provide students with systematic guidance on the application of management learning

C．manage the business school in the same way that the law or medicine school is operated

D．help students to accumulate experiences necessary for starting their own business

正确答案：B

解析：本题主要考查对文章第三段内容的理解。第三段内容讲到尼廷.诺利亚自从2010年担任哈佛商学院院长以来，就一直对于哈佛商学院“重知识学习，轻知识应用”的现状感到不满，他认为哈佛培养的商业人才应该是既掌握大量的理论知识，同时又知道如何将所学知识运用到实践中的复合型人才。“obviously，they should master a body of knowledge．But we should also expect them to apply that knowledge with some measure of judgment．”第三段最后一句话还提到，尽管哈佛学生一直以来都有在暑假参加实习的传统，但是哈佛商学院在帮助学生应用所学知识方面做得远远不够。因此他提出修改教学大纲的目的，就是要为学生应用商业知识提供更加系统性的指导，[B]选项为正确答案。[A]答案过于片面，主要是利用原文中的internships with prospective employers设置干扰。[C]选项，断章取义，原文提到了法律和医学这两个职业，但是诺利亚院长的目的并不是要以管理这两个学院的方式来管理商学院，而只是要借鉴这两个行业的某些做法。[D]答案过于片面，帮助学生运用所学知识，并不一定指帮助他们创业。

24． Which of the following statements is true about the new initiative proposed by Mr. Nohria?

A．It can help to develop students’ team-work spirit and leadership quality.

B．Students can take part in the decision-making process of a company via teleconference.

C．A business-plan competition will be held in the final stage of fieldwork.

D．The students with best performance in fieldwork will be awarded a sum of money.

正确答案：A

解析：本题主要针对文章第四至第六段实践教学法开展的三个环节设置选项。[A]选项的内容和第四段提到的team-building exercises有关。在这个环节，要求学生轮流领导一个小组开展一个项目，他们要相互协作并且分析反馈信息。很明显，该项目的目的就是要培养学生的团队合作意识以及领导能力，因此[A]选项的说法是正确的。[B]选项根据关键词teleconference锁定文章第五段的内容。第五段提到，在实践教学的第二个环节，学生将会被派到11个国家的140家公司中的某一家公司去实地开展工作，而且这些学生已经同这些公司进行了电话会议。由此可见，[B]选项利用了conference calls一词设置干扰，曲解了原文的意思。[C]选项根据关键词business-plan competition可以锁定原文第六段的内容，“It remains to be seen if this amounts to much more than a business-plan competition，though Mr．Nohria says he hopes some real businesses will be created．”在实践的最后一个环节，每位学生都会被给予一定的资金支持来开展创业活动，但这样的活动究竟是更像一次商业计划书大赛还是能够真正孕育出创新型的企业，还无法定论。[C]选项是利用business-plan设置的干扰选项。[D]选项利用第六段中的“The most successful，as voted by their fellow students，will get more funding．”一句话设置干扰。这里的意思是在创业活动中表现最好的学生能够得到更多的资金支持，而不是说在整个实践活动中表现最优的学生将得到金钱奖励。

25． It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the HBS facultymembers are______launching the field method.

A．unanimous in B．skeptical about C．enthusiastic about D．determined in

正确答案：B 解析：本题考查对文章最后一段内容的理解。实践教学法作为一种创新手段，在哈佛商学院内部投票表决时遇到了一定的阻力，根据上下文我们可以看到，商学院内部对于推行这一项目存在资金和效果方面的担忧，而作为倡议者，诺利亚先生的这番回答the result is“as enthusiastic as you could get from a faculty”是对于不理想的投票结果的一种掩饰。因此，本题的正确答案应该选[B]。

The Republican presidential candidateRick Santorum recently set off a debate when he attacked America’s colleges as “indoctrination mills” from which Americans should keep their distance. Calling President Obama a “ snob” for urging all Americans to go to college, he joined a long tradition that runs from Andrew Carnegie, who more than a century ago described colleges as places that prepare students for “life upon another planet,” to Newt Gingrich, who has claimed that alumni donations are often used “to subsidize bizarre and destructive visions of reality. “ Mr. Santorum’s remarks have been widely, and justly,rebutted. Yet defenders of college should do more than respond to its critics with contempt. We should seize the opportunity for introspection. Why does the anti-college mantra still touch a nerve among so many Americans? Consider the fact that SAT scores (a big factor in college admissions) correlate closely with family wealth. The total average SAT score of students from families earning more than $ 100,000 per year is more than 100 points higher than for students in the income range of $ 50,000 to $ 60,000. Or consider that a mere 3 percent of students in the top 150 colleges come from families in the bottom income quartile of American society. Only a very dogmatic Social Darwinist would conclude from these facts that intelligence closely tracks how much money one’s parents make. A better explanation is that students from affluent families have many advantages—test-prep tutors, high schools with good college counseling, parents with college savvy and so on. Yet once the beneficiaries arrive at college, what do they learn about themselves? It’s a good bet that the dean or president will greet them with congratulations for being the best and brightest ever to walk through the gates. A few years ago, the critic and essayist William Deresiewicz, who went to Columbia and taught at Yale, wrote that his Ivy education taught him to believe that those who didn’t attend “ an Ivy League or equivalent school” were “ beneath” him. Our oldest and most prestigious colleges are losing touch with the spirit in which they were founded. To the stringent Protestants who founded Harvard, Yale and Princeton, the mark of salvation was not high self-esteem but humbling awareness of one’s lowliness in the eyes of God. With such awareness came the recognition that those whom God favors are granted grace not for any worthiness of their own, but by God’s umnerited mercy—as a gift to be converted into working and living on behalf of others. That lesson should always be part of the curriculum. Benjamin Franklin,

who founded theUniversity of Pennsylvania, once defined true education as “an Inclination join’d with an Ability to serve Mankind, one’s Country, Friends, and Family; which Ability... should indeed be the great Aim and End of all Learning. “ We would be well served to keep this public-spirited conception of learning squarely in mind. Perhaps if our leading colleges encouraged more humility and less hubris, college-bashing would go out of style and we could get on with the urgent business of providing the best education for as many Americans as possible.

26． In this text, the author mainly discusses the problem of______. A．elitism in best American colleges

B．anti-intellectualism prevalent in America C．alumni preference in college admission D．anti-college tendency in America

正确答案：A

解析：作者在第一段介绍了共和党人里克.圣多伦最近在美国教育界内引发的口水战，并且回顾了历史上几位和里克持相似观点的名人，他们都对大学嗤之以鼻，认为人们应该远离大学。作者在下文中主要分析了他们的这种“反大学论”在美国仍然有市场的原因。作者的切入点是美国教育的精英主义倾向。进学的都是富家子弟(第三段)，进入大学后被灌输的又是“上帝宠儿论”(第四段)，难怪不少民众会对美国大学教育心存不满了。因此，本题的正确答案应该选[A]。[B]答案有一定的迷惑性，里克等人的观点似乎反映了美国国内的反智主义倾向，但是在通读整篇文章、把握作者整体思想的基础上，就会发现作者要讨论的并不是反智主义倾向，相反是一种精英主义的教育倾向。[C]答案以偏概全，利用第三段中的内容设置干扰，作者在第三段中提到了来自富裕家庭的学生的录取几率大，提到了父母是校友的优势，但是这并不是整篇文章都要讨论的内容，只是问题的一个方面。[D]答案错误，作者由美国人反对大学的言论引入话题，但是主要讨论的并不是这个问题，而是为什么反大学言论在美国仍有市场的原因，即美国精英主义教育理念。

27． The conclusion that can be drawn from Paragraph 3 is that______.

A．family wealth is a factor that weighs when referees’ are screening admission application

B．students from wealth families stand a better chance to be admitted by best colleges

C．the intelligence of students is directly correlated with the economic background of his family

D．colleges fail to do a good job in removing barriers between different social groups

正确答案：B 解析：第三段第一句话就点明了这一段的主旨。美国高中生的高考分数(SAT)和家庭财富紧密相关。[A]答案偷换概念，家庭财富是影响高中生高考分数的因

素之一，而不是影响评委们评判一个学生是否有资格进入大学的考虑因素。[B]答案正确，来自富裕家庭的孩子高考成绩比普通家庭的孩子平均高出100分以上，因此他们在被大学录取的时候自然占尽优势。[C]答案错误，原文明确指出，“Only a very dogmatic Social．Darwinist would conclude from these facts that intelligence closely tracks how much money one’s parents make．”只有少部分严格的社会达尔文主义者才会从高考分数和家庭财富的关联中得出智力和家庭背景相关的结论。[D]答案错误，这一段主要讨论的是社会阶级在高中生的录取中所起的作用，并没有在追责美国大学在消除阶级隔阂方面的失职。

28． William Deresiewicz’s personal experience reflects that______. A．the Ivy League colleges are not as good as they look like

B．the Ivy League culture encourages the sense of superiority among students C．the smugness of students in Ivy League culture may influence their whole life D．the education in Ivy League is usually detached from the society

正确答案：B

解析：根据题干中的人名锁定文章第四段。第四段紧接第三段的内容，当家境富裕的富二代们踏入高校大门之后，大学的教育又不停地向他们灌输“精英主义”的理念。威廉.德莱塞维茨曾就读于哥伦比亚大学，并且现在耶鲁大学执教，他在反思自己的常青藤背景时说道，“Ivy education taught him to believe that those who didn’t attend‘an Ivy League or equivalent school’were‘beneath’him”。在常青藤高校接受的教育让他相信，那些未能进入“常青藤联盟或同等水准高校”的学生低自己一等。因此，作者这里引用威廉的例子是为了证明常青藤大学的教育往往会引发学生们的自命不凡，正确答案为[B]。[A]答案错误，常青藤大学的优劣并不是这里关注的主要问题，常青藤的文化对学生的影响才是主要关注的问题。[C]答案错误，威廉陈述的只是常青藤大学让他认为自己高人一等的事实，而并不是要说明这种文化的灌输对他一生的影响。[D]答案内容和第四段内容无关。

29． In the eyes of Benjamin Franklin, a true education is one that______. A．cultivates humility rather than self-satisfaction B．develops the ability to change one’s fate C．fulfills the commitment to serving mankind D．brings one’s potential into full play

正确答案：C 解析：根据题干中的人名锁定文章第六段的内容。富兰克林在创立宾夕法尼亚大学时谈到，真正的教育应该“将服务人类，报效祖国、朋友和家庭的理想与能力合二为一，该能力应切实成为一切学习活动的宏伟目标与最终要义。”因此，在他看来教育最终的目标就是要培养人的能力，从而使得人们能够为祖国乃至全人类服务，正确答案应该选[C]。[A]答案张冠李戴，将第五段中提到的清教徒创建哈佛之初的观念说成是本杰明.富兰克林的观点。[B]答案片面，develops the ability是正确的，但是培养能力的目的并不是为了改变个人的命运，而是应该为全人类服务。[D]答案与[B]答案类似，在富兰克林看来，只考虑个人潜能和发展

而忘记奉公为民理想的教育应该是失败的教育。

30． The author’s attitude toward Santorum’s outcry is______. A．reserved consent B．slight contempt C．harsh criticism D．full support

正确答案：A

解析：作者在第一段就引入了圣多伦的观点。他把现在的大学称为“填鸭工厂”。作者当然对这样的说法不能苟同，但是作者又认为美国大学教育确实存在问题，因此他对于圣多伦的公开言论持部分肯定的态度。[A]答案正确。

In my experience, the more people have, the less likely they are to be contented. Indeed, there is abundant evidence that depression is a “ disease of affluence,” a disorder of modern life in the industrialized world. People who live in poorer countries have a lower risk of depression than those in industrialized nations. In general, countries with lifestyles that are furthest removed from modern standards have the lowest rates of depression. Within the U. S. , the rate of depression of members of the Old Order Amish—a religious group that shuns modernity in favor of lifestyles roughly imitating those of rural Americans a century ago—is as low as one 10th that of other Americans. Psychologist Martin Seligman, originator of the field of positive psychology and director of the Positive Psychology Center at the University of Pennsylvania, has studied the Old Order Amish, along with other pre-modern cultures. He concludes: “Putting this together, there seems to be something about modern life that creates fertile soil for depression. “ Another prominent researcher, Stephen Ilardi, professor of psychology at the University of Kansas and author of The Depression Cure, observes, “The more ‘ modern’ a society’s way of life, the higher its rate of depression. It may seem baffling, but the explanation is simple: the human body was never designed for the modern postindustrial environment. “ More and more of us spend most of our time indoors. We eat industrial food much altered from its natural sources, and there is reason for concern about how our changed eating habits are affecting our brain activity and our moods. We are deluged by an unprecedented overload of information and stimulation in this age of the Internet, email, mobile phones, and multimedia, all of which favor social isolation and certainly affect our emotional and physical health. This kind of life simply was not an option throughout most of human history, as there was no infrastructure to support it, much less require it. Human beings evolved to thrive in natural environments and in bonded social groups. Few of us today can enjoy such a life and the emotional equilibrium it engenders, but our genetic predisposition for it has not changed. The term “ nature-deficit disorder” has recently entered the popular vocabulary.It was coined by the author Richard Louv to explain a wide range of behavior problems in children who spend less time outdoors but now is invoked as the root cause of an even wider range of both physical and emotional ailments in people of all ages who are

disconnected from nature. I believe we are gathering scientific evidence for the benefits of living close to nature, not simply for enjoying its beauty or getting spiritual sustenance but for keeping our brains and nervous systems in good working order.

31． The author cites the example of the Old Order Amish to illustrate that______.

A．depression is a disorder with a comparatively short history

B．people can avoid depression by consciously leading a modest life C．depression has a lot to do with modernized and industrialized lifestyle

D．the richer a society is, the more likely people in it are to suffer from depression

正确答案：C

解析：文章第一段中作者就开门见山地点明：depression is a“disease of affluence，”a disorder of modern life in the industrialized world．抑郁症是种“富贵病”，是工业化世界中现代生活紊乱失调的症状。接着在第二段中作者就列举了旧规阿米什人的例子。这是美国一个特殊的宗教团体，他们遁离现代生活，效仿百年前美国乡村田园牧歌式的生活。在他们这个群体中，患抑郁症的几率特别低。这里作者之所以选择阿米什人的例子，是特别强调了他们回归自然的独特的生活方式。作者想要强调抑郁症和现代化的生活方式的关系，正确答案应该选[C]。[A]答案错误，阿米什人的例子不是用来证明抑郁症产生的历史时间，而是为了说明抑郁症产生的原因。[B]答案错误，阿米什人的生活方式确实非常简单，但是作者这里讨论的不是如何克服抑郁症的问题，而是在讨论抑郁症产生的因由。[D]答案错误，虽然本身[D]答案的说法没有什么问题，但是并不是阿米什人的例子可以反映出的问题。

32． The author explains the cause for depression from______perspective. A．evolutionary B．psychological C．medical D．ethnical

正确答案：A

解析：文章开篇即点明作者观点，抑郁症和现代生活方式息息相关。那为什么现代化工业化的生活方式就会诱发抑郁症呢?作者在第三段中借用著名学者史蒂芬.伊拉迪的语句回答了这一问题，因为“人的身体生来就与现代后工业化的环境格格不入”。接着在第四段和第五段中，作者具体论述了这一点，因为人类千百年的基因遗传决定了人类是需要群居，需要亲近自然的动物，而现代的生活方式恰恰剥离了人类的这种属性，因此才会引起心理上的疾病。因此，作者是从生物进化的角度揭示了抑郁症产生的原因，正确答案选[A]。

33． Human beings are genetically predisposed for______. A．an emotionally and physically balanced life

B．an isolated and lonely life C．an outdoor and social life D．a rural and simple life

正确答案：C

解析：第四段中提到越来越多的现代人过着宅居在家、孤单的生活。“This kind of life simply was not an option throughout most of human history，as there was no infrastructure to support it，much less require it．”在人类历史长河的绝大部分，此种生活方式均闻所未闻，因为没有任何的基础(生理基础、心理基础)来支撑这种生活方式。因此，人类千百年来的基因决定人类更适应户外活动。第五段中作者又讨论了和大自然关系的问题。在人类的进化过程中，一直都是和自然保持着密切的联系，并且在自然环境中缔结了社会关系。但是现在现代化的生活方式却人为地割断了这种天然的联系。作者还因此提到了近年来悄然流行的一个学术名词，“大自然缺失症”。由此可见，本题的正确答案为[C]。[B]答案反向干扰。[A]和[D]都是表面看起来正确的答案，但都不是基于文章内容得出的结论。

34． Which of the following statements about” nature-deficit order” is true? A．This is a psychological disease specific to children.

B．It is a disease triggered by detachment from outdoor life.

C．The symptom of nature-deficit order in children and adults are the same. D．The connotation of this term has remained unchanged since it was coined.

正确答案：B

解析：题干中的关键词“nature-deficit order”出现在文章的第五段。“大自然缺失症”由理查德.勒夫创造，用以描述那些宅居在家、极少外出的孩子身上存在的形形色色的行为问题。这是这个概念最初的含义，但是时至今日，“大自然缺失症”已然成为一系列更为广泛的生理和情感疾病的病根，患者覆盖了各个年龄段，他们都切断了自身与大自然的联系。据此，我们可以判断[A]、[D]错误。[C]答案说“大自然缺失症”的症状在孩子和大人身上表现得完全一样，这一点我们无法根据文章内容推断出来。因此只有[B]是正确答案。

35． In order to overcome depression, the author suggests modern people to______.

A．live a more disciplined and simple life

B．cut away from modern conveniences and technologies C．have their body adapted to industrialized life

D．abandon isolated lifestyle and come close to nature

正确答案：D 解析：作者通过论述抑郁症和现代化生活方式的关系，主要就是想要呼吁人们摆脱足不出户的生活方式。在最后一段，作者明确表达了这层含义，“亲近自然并不是单纯为了欣赏旖旎风光，谋求精神寄托，也是为了保持大脑和神经系统运转有序、永葆活力。”因此本题的正确答案应该选[D]。

In the late morning of April 20th, 1999 a pair of teenagers, Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris, walked into the cafeteria at Columbine High School in Colorado and began gunning down their classmates. The two senior-year students killed 13 people in a 45-minute rampage before turning their weapons on themselves. The massacre remains the deadliest high-school shooting in American history. In the days after the killings it emerged that, besides enjoying violent movies, the two liked playing “Doom” , a bloody video game from the mid-1990s in which the heavily armed players use shotguns and rocket launchers to dispose of armies of zombies and demons. Parents, politicians and psychiatrists worried that exposure to virtual violence had prepared the ground for the real-world killings. Two years later the parents of some of the victims sued dozens of gaming companies, including id Software, the developers of “Doom” , alleging that their products had contributed to the murders. The massacre fed long-standing worries about video games, particularly in America, the industry’s biggest national market. The critics say there is a crucial difference between films, plays or books, where the players are just passive onlookers, and video games, where they are active participants in the simulated slayings. That, the argument goes, makes it more likely that they will resort to violence in the real world, too. But the evidence is hard to pin down. Violent crime in America, Britain and Japan, the three biggest video-game markets, has dropped over the past decade at the same time as sales of video games have soared. That does not, by itself, exonerate the industry—after all, without games violent crime might have fallen still further. And several studies purport to show that playing violent video games raises aggression levels. But Chris Ferguson, a psychologist at Texas ASM International University, points out that much of this work is of poor quality. In a meta-analysis published in 2007, he found no evidence that games made their players violent. Indeed, after decades of research, he has concluded that violence in any media has little or no effect on their consumers. Again, critics point to the interactive nature of video games, which allows their designers to tweak risks and rewards to make them irresistible. Some countries, including China and South Korea, are attempting to limit the number of hours that youngsters can play online games. Even games developers themselves have expressed concern about online games that rely on keeping players hooked. But there is no suggestion that games are addictive in the sense that they create physical dependence in their players. That makes them akin to other compelling but legal pastimes, such as gambling, following a football club or collecting stamps. There is a long tradition of dreadful warnings about new forms of media, from translations of the Bible into dialects to cinema and rock music. But as time passes such novelties become uncontroversial, and eventually some of them are elevated into art forms. That mellowing process may already be under way as the average game-player gets older.

36． In critics’ opinion, compared with films, games are more likely to induce violence in real life because______.

A．games will cause much stronger emotional reaction than films

B．game players are more liable to get addicted to games than film spectators to films

C．game players are personally involved in virtual killing while film spectators are not

D．game players are actively participating in real killing while film spectators are passively watching

正确答案：C

解析：根据题干中的关键词critics，锁定文章第三段的内容。在第三段中，作者指出了人们批判电子游戏的原因主要在于人们担心电子游戏会诱发暴力行为。批评家指出电影和书籍与电子游戏的区别，在玩电子游戏的过程中，因为游戏者自身参与到了虚拟的杀戮中，而在看电影或者读书的过程中，观众或者读者只是暴力事件的旁观者，而非参与者。这就使电子游戏更可能诱发现实生活中的暴力行为。“The critics say there is a crucial difference between films，plays or books，where the players are just passive onlookers，and video games，where they are active participants in the simulated slayings．”[A]、[B]答案与原文内容无关，[D]答案具有迷惑性，利用actively participating设置干扰，错误在于real killing一词，玩游戏的人只是在虚拟世界中参与了杀戮，而不是在现实生活中参与了杀戮。[C]答案正确，其中的virtual killing一词是对simulated slaying的同义替换。

37． The word”exonerate” is most closely in meaning to______. A．confesses the guilt of B．proves the innocence of C．clears the obstacles of D．guides the direction for

正确答案：B 解析：“exonerate”一词出现在文中第四段。前三段中作者主要指出了社会上对于电子游戏的偏见，认为电子游戏会引发人们在现实生活中的暴力行为。但是第四段中，作者前两句话就指出，这种相关性值得推敲，因为在美国、英国和日本，三大电子游戏主要消费国，过去十年中的犯罪率并没有因为电子游戏销量的攀升而增加。但是第三句话，作者又笔锋一转，指出当然这本身并不能说明什么问题，因为如果没有电子游戏的存在的话，也许犯罪率下降得会更快。搞清楚了这几句话之间的逻辑关系，我们就可以判断，这里的“exonerate”一词意思是“赦免，为……开脱罪名”的意思，故正确答案应该选[B]。

38． It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that______.

A．being addictive is the common characteristic of all forms of pastimes B．to get youngsters hooked is not the original intention of game developers C．players usually find it hard to resist games because they are physically dependent on games

D．video games should not be banned by the law just because they are addictive

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查对文章第五段内容的理解。第五段中作者主要针对人们对电子游戏的上瘾性的担心提出反驳。电子游戏容易让人上瘾是一个不争的事实，甚至连游戏开发者自身都表达了对于这个问题的担心．“Even games developers themselves have expressed concern about online games that rely on keeping players hooked．”但是并不能就此判断[B]答案的说法是正确的，电子游戏的开发者依靠设计关卡，设置惩罚或者奖励让游戏者对游戏欲罢不能，这是电子游戏行业赖以生存的根本。他们对于电子游戏上瘾性的担忧并不说明他们不希望年轻人对电子游戏着迷。第五段中将电子游戏与其他几种娱乐活动——、足球、集邮等——作了类比，这几种都是美国的合法娱乐活动，它们也有一定的上瘾性，但是和电子游戏一样，并不会使人产生生理依赖。由此判断[C]答案错误。[A]答案说法过于绝对，也是错误的。只有[D]答案是正确的，既然、集邮等活动都是合法的娱乐活动，那与它们类似的电子游戏也不应该被法律禁止。

39． By mentioning cinema and rock music in the last paragraph, the author intends to illustrate that______.

A．games will ultimately be elevated into a form of art as time passes

B．people will become more tolerant of video games as they become older

C．people’s prejudice against games stems from an instinctive resistance to new media forms

D．the controversy around video games is as fierce as that around cinemas and rock music in history

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查对文章最后一段内容的理解。作者通过对上文的驳斥，在最后一段中明确理论。历史上，每当新型的媒体出现的时候，围绕这些新鲜事物总会产生很多的争议，例如电影和摇滚乐就经历了从牛鬼蛇神到高雅艺术的接受过程。因此，本段举例的目的是为了说明对于电子游戏的争议只是人们对于新媒体的本能抵抗，这种抵抗终将随着时间的流逝而慢慢淡化。[C]答案正确。[A]答案利用elevated into art forms设置于扰，虽然电影和摇滚乐都在经历了批判之后升华为高雅的艺术形式，但这并不一定会是游戏发展的结局。[B]答案利用文章最后的the average game-player gets older设置干扰，作者想要说明的并不是随着年龄的增大人们对于电子游戏的包容性会更强，而是随着时间的流逝，社会对于电子游戏的接受度会提升。[D]答案只是提到了表面现象，而未触及作者举例的根本目的。

40． The purpose of this article is to______.

A．warn people of the connection between video games and violent behavior B．reflect on the widespread concern over video games

C．commemorate the victims dying in the 1999 high school massacre

D．dispel the overwhelming worry about the addictive nature of video games

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查作者的写作目的。阅览全文，作者的主要写作目的在于驳斥社会上充斥的电子游戏危害论。[A]答案反向干扰；[B]答案正确；[C]答案只是文

章为了引入话题的一个例子，而绝非作者的写作目的；[D]答案有一定的干扰性，但是对电子游戏上瘾性的辩论只是作者的论证内容之一，作者另外还主要论证了电子游戏不会诱发暴力行为的观点，因此[D]无法全面概括作者的写作目的。

Economics is all about consumption. A healthy economy is largely a result of a reasonable balance between consumption today and consumption deferred. To figure out what our buying behavior says about the U. S. economy’s future, my colleagues and I at NPR’s “Planet Money” went searching for as many shopping-based indicators as we could find, hoping some would unlock a hidden story about what Americans are feeling and where the country is headed. The results were mixed, but we did uncover some ominous signs. Lipstick sales used to go up when the economy went down, perhaps because women were searching for a cheap pick-me-up or an edge in a job interview—and sales of lipsticks are way up right now. Women’s underwear sales are down, which historically suggests intense frugality and more rough times ahead. But there are also some optimistic indicators. Sales of men’s underwear, one of Alan Greenspan’s favorite metrics for predicting growth, are also up. Sales of cheap spirits, which soared during the worst of the recession (people need an affordable way to self-medicate), have now stabilized, meaning, at the very least, that people can now afford better liquor. Of all the indicators we looked at, one of the most consistently accurate was Champagne sales. The amount of French Champagne that Americans consume has predicted—with nearly 90 percent accuracy— the average American income one year later. Apparently, when we pop a Champagne cork, we know that good times are ahead. Champagne sales hurtled upward twice in recent history—at the peak of the Internet bubble in 1999 and the housing bubble in 2007. These were both followed by slowdowns as fewer people found reason to celebrate. There are so many indicators to choose from that you could glean just about anything regarding our economic future. In fact, the most telling indicator appears to be the sheer number of indicators themselves. Americans now have so many seductive things they can buy that there are ample consumer options no matter what we feel. Partly as a result, savings—known in economics as deferred consumption—have fallen steadily for more than 30 years. The decline of the savings rate is particularly troubling because it is consistent through busts and booms. During the fast growth of the late 1990s and mid-2000s, and the dark times that followed, people have been choosing to spend more and save less than ever before. Paradoxically, this happened just as pensions have been disappearing and life spans have been increasing. It suggests that Americans are so caught up in every short-term enthusiasm or agony that they haven’t thought enough about long-term fiscal health. America will, most likely, need to find a more normal, sustainable level of consumption, and that’s exactly the problem. What does a reasonable balance between consumption now and consumption deferred actually look like? That’s what we need to figure out.

41．

正确答案：D

解析：首先找到题干中的lipstick sales一词在文中的位置。这个词出现在文章的第二段。第二段中提到当经济下滑的时候，口红销量就会上升。这是因为女性没有钱去买更多的化妆品和装饰品，只能依靠廉价的口红为自己的形象加分。而今年的消费数据显示，口红销量上升，这说明美国经济仍然没有走出衰退，人们的消费仍然保守。对应的答案应该是[D]the American economy is stuck in recession。

42．

正确答案：A

解析：题干中的cheap spirits一词也出现在文章中的第二段。作者在讲了一些经济衰退的象征性指标后又提到，在调查中还发现，经济也出现了一些积极的信号(there are also some optimistic indicators)。例如，低价酒的销量会在经济形势不好的时候上升，这是因为人们需要一些方式排遣忧郁，但又没有钱去买更贵的商品，只能借低价酒消愁。但是今年的调查结果显示，低价酒的销量已经稳定下来，这至少可以说明，经济出现了一定的恢复迹象。对应的答案是[A]the American economy shows signs of recovery。

43．

正确答案：B

解析：题干的意思是说“可考查的消费指标数量庞大，这说明了……”。这里定位题干的内容不像前两题那么容易。作者在倒数第二段的前两句话中提到“There are so many indicators to choose from that you could glean just about anything regarding our economic future．In fact．the most telling indicator appears to be the sheer number of indicators themselves．”消费数据如此之多，这本身就最能说明美国经济的问题。消费指标繁多说明美国消费者消费产品的种类多，而这意味着美国人的消费远远超出他们的存款。在经济上讲，消费可以分为当下消费和延迟消费，存款就是一种延迟消费，能够预期消费者在未来的购买能力。美国消费者，无论在经济形势好的情况下，还是经济情况不好的情况下，都热衷于消费，而不习惯存款，这不免让作者为美国人的持续消费力感到担忧。因此，本题对应的答案应该是[B]American consumption lacks sustainable momentum。

44．

正确答案：E

解析：文章第三段提到了一种经济指向性很强的消费品，那就是香槟。因为人们往往只在经济形势好、赚到钱的时候才会开香槟庆祝，因此香槟就成为了指示经济情况的一种很好的指标。作者在第三段中用实例说明了香槟指标的准确性。在美国历史上，香槟销售数据最好的两年分别是在1999年互联网泡沫鼎盛的时期和2007年房地产泡沫鼎盛的时期。当泡沫破裂的时候，香槟销售数量也跟着急速下滑。题干问香槟销售在2007年急速上升的历史背景，正确答案应该

是[E]the American economy is booming in its hey day。

45．

正确答案：G

解析：题干的意思是“研究发现男士内衣销售量上升，而女士内衣销售量下降，这反映了……”。第二段中提到内衣销量是一种强有力的经济指标，当经济形势好的时候，内衣销量会上升；而当经济形势低迷的时候，内衣销量会下降。而今年的调查结果显示女士内衣销量下降，而男士内衣销量上升，这样的结果说明美国的经济形势很不明朗，处在衰退和恢复的边缘。对应的答案应该选[G]the American economy outlook is mixed and uncertain。

Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)

46． Intelligence quotients (IQs) testing is controversial and regarded by some as a crude indicator of ability or potential. When comparing nations, measured average IQ tends to be affected by class, nutrition, and cultural factors including education. There is also disagreement over the influences of nature and nurture. IQs have risen in developed nations for almost a century. But in Britain, research has found a reversal of this trend. The average had declined by two points on average, but by as much as six points among teenagers in the top half of the IQ scale, a fall that wiped out the previous two decades of gains in that group. No cause for this fall in IQs has been established: the internet, the dumbing down of education, and an obsession with exam results have been suggested. Flynn has argued that youth culture has made a contribution.

正确答案： 人们对智商测试颇有争议，有人将其视为个人能力和潜能的粗略衡量指标。各个国家相比而言，测试得到的平均智商水平往往受到阶层、营养状况以及教育等文化因素的影响。人们对先天条件和后天教育培养的影响也存在分歧。 近一个世纪以来，发达国家的智商水平持续上升。然而研究表明，英国的这种趋势出现了逆转。智商平均值平均下降了2％，但智商水平居前50％的青少年中，降幅高达6％，这一衰退让该群体在过去20年间的进步付之东流。 智商倒退的原因尚无定论，有提出互联网、教育的低智化以及对考试成绩的过度重视或许难辞其咎。福林指出，青年文化对此已有所影响。

Section III Writing

Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information. (10 points)

47． Suppose you want to invite Mr. Williams to give a lecture on “American Literature” in your college. Suppose you are the assistant of the English Department, write a letter including:1) the purpose of the invitation,2) the time of the lecture.You

should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)

正确答案：Dear Mr. Williams, I am writing on behalf of the English Department to invite you to give a lecture in our college. We know that you are an expert on American literature. As English majors, our students would like to know something about American literature. We would be very grateful if you could give a talk on “American Literature” to the students of the English Department on Saturday, June 4th. If this subject does not suit you, any other similar topic would be welcomed as well. We have already had several very interesting talks from some distinguished visitors from various countries and we look forward early to the opportunity to benefit from your experience and wisdom. Yours truly, Zhang Wei

Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information. (20 points)

48． Write an essay based on the following table. In your writing,you should1) describe the table,and2) give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

正确答案： The table compares American and Chinese college students in terms of their financial sources for life and study. Overall, there are substantial differences between them. The Chinese college students are overwhelmingly supported by their parents (90%), and only 10% of them are self-sponsored either by part-time jobs or scholarships. In contrast to their Chinese counterparts’ reliance on parents, American students are more independent. More than half of the students (55%) rely on themselves for money and among which 40% of them take part-time jobs. Several factors may account for such differences. Firstly, the idea of self-sponsoring does not align with the exam-oriented educational system in China, and therefore it is highly possible to be condemned by not only the parents also the whole society. Americans, however, believe getting high scores and being independent are of the same importance. Secondly, most Chinese families have only one child due to the “one child policy” , thus in most cases parents are able to finance their child, while an American student might not get enough financial support from parents if s/he has siblings. Lastly, American students may get much higher expenditure on education than Chinese students do, and that may account for why 15% of American students get financed by scholarship.