我对动态代理的理解

一、动态代理的执行流程

Proxy->代理类字节码->加载进内存，形成class->创建代理对象->调用代理对象接口->委托给InvocationHandler->调用InvocationHandler的invoke方法

二、proxy只能代理接口，aspectj可以通过注解代理普通类

三、动态代理使用场景

1、有接口的情况下，使用proxy。

2、没有接口的情况下，使用aspectj。

四、走进Proxy源码看看(就看几点)

1、代理类名

进入Proxy->ProxyClassFactory:

private static final class ProxyClassFactory
        implements BiFunction<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>
    {
        // prefix for all proxy class names
        private static final String proxyClassNamePrefix = "$Proxy";

        // next number to use for generation of unique proxy class names
        private static final AtomicLong nextUniqueNumber = new AtomicLong();

        @Override
        public Class<?> apply(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces) {

            Map<Class<?>, Boolean> interfaceSet = new IdentityHashMap<>(interfaces.length);
            for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
                /*
                 * Verify that the class loader resolves the name of this
                 * interface to the same Class object.
                 */
                Class<?> interfaceClass = null;
                try {
                    interfaceClass = Class.forName(intf.getName(), false, loader);
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                }
                if (interfaceClass != intf) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        intf + " is not visible from class loader");
                }
                /*
                 * Verify that the Class object actually represents an
                 * interface.
                 */
                if (!interfaceClass.isInterface()) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        interfaceClass.getName() + " is not an interface");
                }
                /*
                 * Verify that this interface is not a duplicate.
                 */
                if (interfaceSet.put(interfaceClass, Boolean.TRUE) != null) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        "repeated interface: " + interfaceClass.getName());
                }
            }

            String proxyPkg = null;     // package to define proxy class in
            int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL;

            /*
             * Record the package of a non-public proxy interface so that the
             * proxy class will be defined in the same package.  Verify that
             * all non-public proxy interfaces are in the same package.
             */
            for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
                int flags = intf.getModifiers();
                if (!Modifier.isPublic(flags)) {
                    accessFlags = Modifier.FINAL;
                    String name = intf.getName();
                    int n = name.lastIndexOf('.');
                    String pkg = ((n == -1) ? "" : name.substring(0, n + 1));
                    if (proxyPkg == null) {
                        proxyPkg = pkg;
                    } else if (!pkg.equals(proxyPkg)) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                            "non-public interfaces from different packages");
                    }
                }
            }

            if (proxyPkg == null) {
                // if no non-public proxy interfaces, use the default package.
                proxyPkg = "";
            }

            {
                // Android-changed: Generate the proxy directly instead of calling
                // through to ProxyGenerator.
                List<Method> methods = getMethods(interfaces);
                Collections.sort(methods, ORDER_BY_SIGNATURE_AND_SUBTYPE);
                validateReturnTypes(methods);
                List<Class<?>[]> exceptions = deduplicateAndGetExceptions(methods);

                Method[] methodsArray = methods.toArray(new Method[methods.size()]);
                Class<?>[][] exceptionsArray = exceptions.toArray(new Class<?>[exceptions.size()][]);

                /*
                 * Choose a name for the proxy class to generate.
                 */
                long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement();
                String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num;

                return generateProxy(proxyName, interfaces, loader, methodsArray,
                                     exceptionsArray);
            }
        }
    }

找到:
long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement();
String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num;

上面proxyName就是即将要生成的代理类的类名。

2、InvocationHandler是何时与代理类建立联系的

进入Proxy->newProxyInstance方法

@CallerSensitive
    public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader,
                                          Class<?>[] interfaces,
                                          InvocationHandler h)
        throws IllegalArgumentException
    {
        Objects.requireNonNull(h);

        final Class<?>[] intfs = interfaces.clone();
        // Android-removed: SecurityManager calls
        /*
        final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
        if (sm != null) {
            checkProxyAccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs);
        }
        */

        /*
         * Look up or generate the designated proxy class.
         */
        Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);

        /*
         * Invoke its constructor with the designated invocation handler.
         */
        try {
            // Android-removed: SecurityManager / permission checks.
            /*
            if (sm != null) {
                checkNewProxyPermission(Reflection.getCallerClass(), cl);
            }
            */

            final Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);
            final InvocationHandler ih = h;
            if (!Modifier.isPublic(cl.getModifiers())) {
                // BEGIN Android-removed: Excluded AccessController.doPrivileged call.
                /*
                AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
                    public Void run() {
                        cons.setAccessible(true);
                        return null;
                    }
                });
                */

                cons.setAccessible(true);
                // END Android-removed: Excluded AccessController.doPrivileged call.
            }
            return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h});
        } catch (IllegalAccessException|InstantiationException e) {
            throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            Throwable t = e.getCause();
            if (t instanceof RuntimeException) {
                throw (RuntimeException) t;
            } else {
                throw new InternalError(t.toString(), t);
            }
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
        }
    }

找到:

return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h});

InvocationHandler就是创建代理对象的时候，作为构造函数的参数传递进去。

3、调用代理对象的接口，为什么最终会走到InvocationHandler的invoke方法中去

查看新生成的代理类对应接口，如：

public final void xxx() throws  {
        try {
            super.h.invoke(this, m3, (Object[])null);
        } catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
            throw var2;
        } catch (Throwable var3) {
            throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
        }
    }

其中h就是InvocationHandler接口实现类对象。

感兴趣的童鞋，可以通过如下方式，生成个代理类看看:

byte[] bytes = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass("XXXImpl", new Class[]{XXXInterface.class});
File file = new File("任意路径\\XXXImpl.class");
FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);
outputStream.write(bytes);
outputStream.flush();
outputStream.close();

五、动态使用的具体参考场景(答案链接:)

1)设计模式中有一个设计原则是开闭原则，是说对修改关闭对扩展开放，我们在工作中有时会接手很多前人的代码，里面代码逻辑让人摸不着头脑(sometimes the code is really like shit)，这时就很难去下手修改代码，那么这时我们就可以通过代理对类进行增强。

(2)我们在使用RPC框架的时候，框架本身并不能提前知道各个业务方要调用哪些接口的哪些方法 。那么这个时候，就可用通过动态代理的方式来建立一个中间人给客户端使用，也方便框架进行搭建逻辑，某种程度上也是客户端代码和框架松耦合的一种表现。

(3)Spring的AOP机制就是采用动态代理的机制来实现切面编程。