1.Why do people take “selfies” 人们为什么自拍?
Researchers at Syracuse University in New York tried to answer that question. They came up with some surprising answers.
纽约雪城大学的研究人员试图解答这一问题。他们得出了一些令人惊讶的答案。
People who post selfies and use editing software to make themselves look better show behavior connected to narcissism ,the Syracuse researchers said.
雪城大学的研究人员表示，发自拍并使用美图软件修图的人表现出了与自恋相关的行为。
Narcissists are people who think very highly of themselves ,especially how they look.
自恋者是指对自己评价非常高的人，尤其是在外表方面。
Ji Won Kim ，a doctoral student at the university's S.I.New house School of
Public Communications ，worked on the study.
Ji Won Kim是雪城大学萨缪尔·纽豪斯公共传播学院的博士生，她从事了这项研究。
She said because social media can be superficial ,it is a good place for people to \"work towards satisfying their own vanity.\"
她说，因为社交媒体非常肤浅，它是人们“努力满足自己虚荣心”的好地方。
By superficial , she means social media is mostly used by people to share unimportant information about their lives -- not deeply personal issues.
她说的肤浅是指社交媒体主要被人们用于分享生活中一些不重要的信息，而不是深刻的个人问题。
There are other reasons , besides narcissism that people postselfies.
除了自恋之外，人们发自拍还有其它原因。
People who post group selfies show a need for popularity and a need to belong to a group ，the Syracuse University research found.
雪城大学的这项研究发现，发集体自拍的人表现出了对人气的需求和对属于某个集体的需要。
Other findings from the study include:
这项研究获得的其它研究结果还包括：
There are no major differences on how often men and women post selfies and how often they use editing software.
男性和女性发自拍的频率以及使用美图软件的频率并没有很大的区别。
But men who post selfies showed more of a need to be seen as popular than women who posted selfies.
但是发自拍的男性比女性更多地表现出希望被视为受欢迎的需求。
The Newhouse School's Associate Professor Makana Chock worked on the study . She said selfies should not be seen as completely negative.
纽豪斯公共传播学院的副教授Makana Chock从事了这项研究。她说，自拍不应该完全被视为消极的。
She said some people feel \"peer pressure\" to post selfies. And some follow the popular belief that if there is no picture of an event or experience , it did not really happen.
她说，有些人受到“同侪压力”才发自拍。还有一些人效仿了普遍观点，认为无图无真相。
Chock said posting selfies on social media is not all that different from what people have done for many years.
Chock表示，在社交媒体上发自拍跟人们多年来的所作所为并无区别。
On trips and special events , our parents and grandparents used cameras instead of phones to take photos . Before social media , people would bring back photos to show friends and family. You had no choice but to look at them.
在旅行和特别活动中，我们的父母和祖父母使用相机拍照而不是手机。在社交媒体之前，人们会带回照片来展示亲朋好友。你别无选择，只能看照片。
If you are a nice person , you commented about how nice everyone in the photos looked , especially children and the person showing the photos. That was the old way of \"clicking\" like.
如果你是一个友好的人，你会说照片中每个人都很好看，尤其是儿童以及展示照片的人。这就是老版的点赞。
On social media , it is a different experience. People can decide not to look at photos of their friends and family -- even if they click \"like\" or even \"love\" under the Facebook selfie.
在社交媒体上就是另一种的体验。人们可以选择不看亲朋好友的照片，即使他们在Facebook网站的自拍下点了“喜欢”甚至“超爱。”
Using social media to post photos is pretty new. Facebook did not start until 2004 .Instagram started in 2010.
使用社交媒体发布照片是非常新鲜的事物。直到2004年才有Facebook，直到2010年才有Instagram。
It was not until 2013 that the Oxford English language dictionary added the term \"selfies\". It defined selfie as \"a photograph that one has taken of oneself \".
直到2013年，牛津英语词典才添加了自拍一词，并定义自拍为“给自己拍的照片。”
Here is how the Syracuse researchers did their study.
以下是雪城大学研究人员的研究办法。
They questioned 260 people , aged 18 to 65 ,and almost evenly divided between men and women.
他们调查了260位年龄在18岁到65岁的人士，并且男女人数几乎相同。
To determine narcissism ,people were asked if they agreed with personality traits connected to narcissism .
为了查明自恋，人们被问及是否认同一些跟自恋相关的个性品质。
For example , people were asked if they agreed with statements suc as, \"I like to be the center of attention\" and \"I like having authority over people.\"
例如，人们被问及是否认同一些类似“我喜欢成为关注焦点”或“我喜欢对人有威信”这类表态。
To determine if those in the study had a need to be seen as popular ,people were asked if they agreed with these statements:\"It's important that people think I'm popular\" and \"I often do things just to be popular with people at school.\"
要查明研究中的这些调查对象是否存在被视为受欢迎的需求，研究人员会问他们是否认同这类表态：“人们认为我受欢迎是很重要的”以及“我做事只是为了取悦学校里的人。”
I'm Bruce Alpert.
布鲁斯·阿尔伯特报道。
2.越来越多人想要移民（2018年新闻）
A recent study found that more than 750 million people move permanently to another country if they had the chance.
would
最近一项调查发现，如果有机会，超过7.5亿人将会永久迁往另一个国家
In other words, 15 percent of the world's population wants to migrate.
换句话说，全球15%的人口都希望移民。
The Gallup company carried out the study. Researchers spoke to close to 500,000 people in 152 countries.
盖洛普公司进行了这项调查,研究人员同152个国家近50万人进行了交流。
They found that the desire to migrate rose between 2015 and 2017.
他们发现，移民愿望在2015年到2017年之间有所上升。
But the reasons people want to move from their home countries remain the same ,said Gallup official Jon Clifton .They want to flee a crisis , or they are seeking better economic opportunities.
但是盖洛普公司官员琼恩·克里夫顿(Jon Clifton)表示，人们想要离开祖国的原因维持不变，他们想要逃离危机，或是在寻求更好的经济机会。
Starvation and disaster also continue to drive people from their homes ,Gallup found.
盖洛普公司发现，饥饿和灾难也继续迫使人们离开家园。
Where do people want to leave? One of the top 10 countries people want to leave is Syria .
人们想要逃离哪里? 人们最想离开的10个国家之一是叙利亚。
Gallup researchers found that at least 50 percent of Syrians want to migrate permanently and leave the war there behind.
盖洛普公司的研究人员发现，至少50%的叙利亚人希望永久移民，并将战争抛在身后。
People in several places in Latin America are also showing growing desires to migrate, Gallup found.
盖洛普公司发现，拉丁美洲几个地区的人们也越来越渴望移民。
Gallup official Jon Clifton gave Venezuela as an example. Even though the country is rich in oil, it has fallen into a crisis ,Clifton said.
盖洛普公司官员克里夫顿举出了委内瑞拉这个例子。克里夫顿表示，即使这个国家石油资源丰富，但是它也已经陷入了危机之中。
The United Nations estimates that around 2 left their country in 2018.
million Venezuelans
据联合国估计，2018年约有200万委内瑞拉人离开了他们的祖国。
The desire to leave for another country also increased in a number of areas known for sending migrants. These include sub-Saharan Africa ,the Caribbean ,the Middle East and North Africa.
在一些著名的移民地区，前往另一个国家的意愿也在上升，其中包括撒哈拉以南非洲、加勒比地区、中东和北非。
One reason is that parts of Africa have had to deal with a spread of the deadly Ebola virus.
原因之一是这部分非洲地区不得不面对致命的埃博拉病毒的传播。
In Europe ,people in Albania had the highest rates of wanting to leave . Gallup reports that 60 percent of Albanians want to migrate.
在欧洲，阿尔巴尼亚人想要移民的比例最高。盖洛普公司报告称，60%的阿尔巴尼亚人想要移民。
Clifton said many Albanians were unhappy about the amount
of money they could earn, and how little it could buy.
克里夫顿表示，很多阿尔巴尼亚人对赚钱少、消费高不满。
Other Balkan countries also showed high rates of migration desires.
其它巴尔干国家也表现出了很高的移民愿望。
Clifton said the trend there was especially troubling ,because it affected the youngest and most educated part of the population.
克里夫顿表示，那里的趋势特别令人不安，因为它影响到了最年轻和教育程度最高的人口。
Separately,Gallup noted that in all regions of Asia\" the percentage of adults who would like to move to another country permanently has remained flat.\"
另外，盖洛普公司指出，亚洲所有地区“希望永久移民到另一个国家的成年人比例维持不变。”
Where do people want to go?
人们想移民到哪里?
The Gallup survey found that people who want to migrate hope to go to wealthy countries that observe the rule of law.
盖洛普调查发现，想要移民的人都希望前往遵循法治的富裕国家。
Gallup has been doing the survey for the last 13 years , Clifton said.
克里夫顿表示，盖洛普公司过去13年一直在做这项调查
During that time ,the United States has always been the first choice for people who want to migrate. 在此期间，美国一直是移民者的首选。
This year is no different ,he said ,even though U.S. President Donald Trump has taken measures and spoken out against migrants.
今年也不例外，即使美国总统川普已经采取措施并公开发言反对移民。
\"People still see that this is one of the best economic opportunities for them in the world,\" Clifton said of the United States. Many people around the world also have family members in the country already.
克里夫顿谈到美国时表示：“人们仍然认为这是世界上最好的经济机会之一。”世界各地很多人也已经有家人在美国。
The Gallup survey found that one in five possible migrants said the United States would be their first choice for a new home.
盖洛普调查发现，20%的潜在移民表示，美国将成为他们新家的首选。
The survey also found that one in six Americans would like to migrate somewhere else–the highest number so far.
该调查还发现，六分之一的美国人希望移民到其它地区，这是迄今为止最高的数字。
I'm Kelly Jean Kelly.
凯莉·吉恩·凯莉报道。
3.卡梅伦呼吁女性移民学英语
British Prime Minister David Cameron has called for women immigrants to Britain to learn Englishwithin 30 months or be deported.
英国首相戴维·卡梅伦要求来英国的妇女移民在30个月内学习英语，否则将被驱逐。
The plan targets Muslim women joining their husbands already in Britain.
该计划针对的是和已在英国的丈夫团聚的穆斯林妇女。
Cameron said his plan would help Muslim women immigrants who spend mo
st of their time at home.
卡梅伦称他的计划将帮助那些大部分时间呆在家里的穆斯林女性。
Cameron wrote Monday that 190,000 Muslim women speak poor English and 38,000 Muslimwomen speak no English, although they have lived in Britain for years.
卡梅伦周一撰文称有19万穆斯林女性的英语很差，3.8万穆斯林妇女根本不会讲英语，尽管她们在英国已经生活多年。他说不会讲英语让她们与社会隔离。
Their lack of English socially isolates them, he said.
他说不会讲英语让她们与社会隔离。
Cameron said his plan will help all migrants. Critics said he was \"singling out\" Muslims.
卡梅伦称他的计划将帮助所有人，批评者称他只是把穆斯林挑出来。
Cameron said people who do not speak English often live apart from British society.
卡梅伦称不会讲英语的人通常与英国社会相脱节，
He said they are more likely to be radicalized. He said he believes his plan will
help keep the country safe.
他们更容易变得激进，他说他的计划有助于让英国更安全。
He says there is no connection between a lack of English and being radicalized.
他说不会英语与激进之间没有关联
But,he said\ay find, therefore, you have challenges understanding what your identity is and therefore you could be more susceptible to the extremist message.\"
但他说，“如果你不会英语，不能融入社会，你可能会发现在理解自己的身份方面遇到困难，因此你可能更容易受到极端主义信息的影响。”
He said the government will spend more than $28 million for English classes for migrants.
他说政府将耗资2800万美元用于移民的英语课程
The classes would focus on immigrant woman living in isolated communities.
课程帮助的重点是生活在隔离社区的移民妇女们。
The government said classes would take place in homes, schools and commu
nity centers. Travel and childcare costs would be paid.
政府称上课地点将在家中、学校和社区中心，政府将支付路费和儿童看护费。
The government says the plan would take effect in October. Female immigrants must pass an English test within two-and-a-half years of their arrival, or face removal from the country. That threat would remain even if they have children in Britain.
政府称该计划将于10月份开始实施，女性移民必须在抵达英国的两年半内通过一项英语考试，否则将被驱除，即使她们有孩子在英国，该威胁也一样生效
No plans are in place to remove migrants who fail the test.
目前没有出台有关考试不通过而驱逐移民的计划。
But officials said the government may refuse to extend visas or could deny the immigrants permission to stay in the country permanently.
但官方称政府可能会拒绝延长签证，或拒绝给移民永久居留国内的许可。
Andy Burnham is a senior member of the opposition Labor Party.
安迪·伯纳姆是在野党工党的资深成员，
He called the plan a\"simplistic, headline-driven approach to extremism (that)
risks unfairly stigmatizing a whole community, thereby making the problem worse.\"
他说该计划“过于简单化，对极端主义采取强硬做法，冒着丑化整个社区的风险，因此会让问题更糟。”
He said all women -- religious or secular -- should be helped to learn English, not just Muslimwomen.
他称所有妇女，不管是信教人士还是世俗者，都应该得到学英语方面的帮助，而不仅仅是穆斯林妇女。
Burnham noted that the government had cut spending on English-language classes in 2011.
伯纳姆指出，政府已于2011年削减了英语课程的开支。
The Ramadhan Foundation ,a Muslim group ,also criticized Cameron.
穆斯林组织斋月基金会也批评了卡梅伦
It said very few of the 3 million Muslims in Britain are extremists. It said the best way to fight terrorism is to build support (with) Muslims and support the work done across the country,\" not denigrating Muslims.
称在英国的300万穆斯林中只有极少数是极端分子，称对付恐怖主义最好的办法是
“得到穆斯林的支持，在全国各地巩固已取得的成果，”而不是诋毁穆斯林。
But Naz Shah ,a Muslim and a Labor member of parliament ,supports the plan
但作为穆斯林和工党成员的纳兹·沙阿支持该计划
Shah noted that\"too many children...are starting school with no English because it is not spoken at home.\"
他说“因为家里没有人讲英语，太多孩子开始上学时就不会英语。”
He says that has an effect on their learning ability because \"education starts in the home.\"
他说这就影响了他们的学习能力，因为“教育是从家里开始的。”
I'm Christopher Jones-Cruise.
我是克里斯朵夫·琼斯·克鲁斯。
4.“特朗普汉堡店”走红
A restaurant named after Donald Trump is building aloyal following in the middle of Russia.
俄罗斯中部一家以唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）命名的餐厅正在吸引一批忠实的
追随者。
The restaurant has been growing in popularity inSiberia ,its manager said on Wednesday.
周三，该餐厅经理表示，餐厅在西伯利亚越来越受欢迎。
He spoke at a time of increased Russian interest in the U.S.president after his meetings this week with Vladimir Putin.
他说这番话之时正值本周美国总统特朗普与俄罗斯总统普京会晤后，俄罗斯民众对特朗普兴趣正浓之际
Trump Burger opened in the city of Krasnoyarsk last December.
去年12月，“特朗普汉堡”在克拉斯诺雅茨克开业。
The restaurant is now trying touse all the talk about the U.S. leader to expand its business.
这家餐厅如今试图利用这位美国领导人的热度来扩大自己的业务。
Trump spoke of wanting to improve ties between the during his talks on Monday in Helsinki with President Putin.
countries
周一，特朗普在赫尔辛基与普京总统会谈时表示，希望改善两国关系。
The walls of the eatery are covered with paintings of the U.S. president.
餐厅墙上挂满了美国总统的画像。
The food it offers includes such choices as a Trump Burger with bacon and a Melania chicken burger, named after Melania Trump ,the president's wife.
餐厅的菜单包括特朗普培根汉堡和梅拉尼娅鸡肉汉堡，后者是以特朗普妻子梅拉尼娅·特朗普（Melania Trump）的名字命名的。
\"Demand is really not bad for a restaurant that opened just recently,\"manager Igor Vinogradov told the Reuters News Agency.
经理伊格尔·维诺格拉多夫（Igor Vinogradov）告诉路透社:“餐厅近期刚刚开业，生意确实不错。”
He noted that some customers drink too much alcohol and have no great liking for the United States.
他指出，一些顾客喜欢大量饮酒，而且对美国也没什么好感。
They sometimes are critical of the restaurant's theme and have demonstrated rowdy behavior, he added.
他补充说，他们有时会对餐厅的主题指指点点，并且行为粗暴。
There were celebrations in Russia after Trump won the U.S. presidential election in 2016.
2016年特朗普赢得美国总统大选后，俄罗斯举行了庆祝活动。
As a candidate, Trump had called for improved relations with Russia and
praised Putin.
作为总统候选人时，特朗普曾呼吁改善与俄罗斯的关系，并称赞普京。
At Monday's summit meeting, Trump shocked the world by questioning the findings of U.S.intelligence agencies that Russia had interfered in the 2016 elections.
在周一的峰会上，特朗普对美国情报机构关于俄罗斯干涉2016年大选的调查结果表示质疑，此举震惊了全世界。
Trump also praised Putin's \"strong and powerful\" claim that Russia was not involved in the vote.
特朗普还称赞了普京“强有力的”表态，即俄罗斯没有干涉美国总统大选。
I’m Phil Dierking
菲尔·迪尔金为您播报。
5. 12岁滑板少年创业成人生赢家
Carson Kropfl is an inventor,business owner and environmental activist.
卡森·克罗普尔是一位发明家、企业家和环保活动家。
He enjoys the excitement of surfing. In addition to riding the waves, he likes riding his skateboard.
他喜欢冲浪的刺激。除了冲浪，他还喜欢玩滑板。
Kropfl is a very hard-working 12-year-old. You heard right .The San Clemente, California ,boy just completed seventh grade.
年仅12岁的克罗普尔非常勤奋。你没听错。这位来自加州圣克莱门特的小男孩刚刚读完七年级。
And ,school had a lot to do with the creation of his company. He is story is proof that necessity is truly the mother of invention.
学校和他创办的公司有很大的关系。他的经历证明了需求才是发明之母。
Carson had enjoyed skating for years.He liked to use his skateboard to go to places, including school.
他喜欢滑着滑板去各种地方，包括学校。多年来，卡森一直喜欢滑板。
But over time, he grew increasingly frustrated that he had no place to store his board once he arrived.
但时间一长，他越来越沮丧，因为找不到地方存放自己的滑板。
As a student, he could not change the size of his locker.
作为一名学生，他无法随意改变储物柜尺寸。
But he realized he might be able to change the shape of his skateboard .And ,from that small desire,a business was born.
但他意识到自己可以改变滑板的形状。怀揣这样的小小愿望，一家企业就这样诞生了。
“I have a skateboard company called Lockerboard and what I do is, I take recycled skateboard decks and reshape them to fit inside of backpacks and lockers.”
“我有一家名为Lockerboard的滑板公司，主营业务就是把回收的滑板甲板重新改造，可放入背包和储物柜。”
Carson first just made a shorter skateboard in the shape of a square for himself.
首先，卡森为自己定制了一款较短一些的方形滑板。
“But then my parents told me, I had to clean and do chores to pay for my
surf contest and surf lessons.
“但后来我父母说，我必须打扫卫生、做家务来支付冲浪比赛和冲浪课的费用。
But I hate to clean ,so I asked them if I could try selling my Lockerboards instead.”
但是我讨厌做家务，所以我问他们可不可以试着卖掉这些滑板。”
Carson’s parents not only said yes, they agreed to help him make it happen.
卡森的父母不仅应允，还同意助他实现梦想。
They searched around for the best tools for creating skateboards. But he says one tool made his mother a little nervous.
他们四处寻找适合制作滑板的最佳工具。但他指出,其中一件工具让母亲有点紧张。
“Then we used a table saw but my Mom didn’t like that because I was making skateboards by myself.
“然后我们使用了桌锯，但我妈妈不喜欢，因为我要自己制作滑板。
And my Mom was like,‘ I’m not sure if this is safe,’ and my Dad was like,‘its perfectly fine!’ And ,then a board shot back and hit him straight in the stomach...”
我妈妈好像说：‘我不确定这是否安全’，可我爸爸说，‘这完全没问题呀！然后，一块木板反弹后击中了他的肚子……”
Carson made his first sales in the room where students ate at his school.
卡森将第一次出售滑板的地方选在了学校餐厅。
He put a few skateboards on a table and his schoolmates started buying them up.
他在桌子上放了几块滑板，同学们开始选购。
Within months, Carson had an agreement with a manufacturer.
几个月后，卡森与一家制造商达成了协议。
The young man says he has now sold about 700 skateboards in under two years of operation.
这位年轻人指出，截至目前，他已经在两年内卖出了约700块滑板。
His skateboards come in a number of shapes and designs. Each one costs around $100.
他的滑板款式多样，风格各异。每一款的价格约100美元。
But not all the profit goes to Carson .Some money goes to a non profit group that supports the health and well-being of a place close to his heart.
但卡森并没有独占所有利润。其中一部分收入捐给了一家非营利性组织，该组织支持一个关乎健康和福祉的地方，这是卡森最关心的问题。
“I donate one dollar for every Lockerboard sold to Ocean Unite because they’re focused on ocean conservation.”
“我把滑板卖给专注海洋保护的海洋联合公司，每售出一款就捐一美元。”
Carson’s hometown of San Clemente sits along a beautiful coastal area of the Pacific Ocean.
卡森的家乡圣克莱门特坐落在美丽的太平洋沿岸地区。
And Carson, the surfer, wants the ocean to stay that way.
而冲浪爱好者卡森希望海洋保持这种现状。
The young business owner says he is not exactly sure what he will do when he grows up. But he sure will stay busy.
这位年轻的企业家表示，他不确定长大后会做什么。但他一定会勤奋不怠。
“I kinda want to be doing what I’m doing now -- being an entrepreneur.
“我想做我现在正在做的事情——成为一名企业家。
If it’s not Lockerboard, I’m pretty positive I’m going to be creating something.
假如没有Lockerboard公司，我肯定自己会创造一些其他的发明。
And, I’m going to be an activist traveling the world, supporting ocean conservation and how we could help our earth.
而且，我打算成为一名在全球奔走的活动家，支持海洋保护以及如何保护我们的地球。
And ,traveling the world ,skating and surfing , because I am an athlete.”
还有，环游世界、玩滑板和冲浪，因为我是一名运动员。”
I’m Dorothy Gundy.
多萝西·甘迪为您播报。
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