考研英语阅读-试卷27_真题-无答案

考研英语（阅读）-试卷27 (总分70,考试时间90分钟)

2. Reading Comprehension

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.

As college seniors hurtle into the job hunt, little lies on the resume—for example, claiming a degree when they\"re three credits shy of graduation—seem harmless enough. So new grads ought to read this memo now: those 20-year-old falsehoods on cream-colored, 32-lb. premium paper have ruined so many high-profile executives that you wonder who in the business world hasn\"t got themessage.A.resume listing two fabricated degrees led to the resignation of David Edmondson, CEO of RadioShack, in February. Untruthful resume have also hindered the careers of executives at the U.S. Olympic Committee. The headlines haven\"t dented job seekers\" desire to dissemble even as employers have grown increasingly able to detect deception. InfoLink Screening Services, a background-**pany, estimates that 14% of job applicants in the U.S. lie about their education on their resumes. Employees who lie to get in the door can cause untold damage on a business, experts say, from staining the reputation and credibility of a firm to upending co-workers and projects to igniting shareholder wrath—and that\"s if the he is found out. Even when it isn\"t, the falsified resume can indicate a deeply rooted inclination toward unethical behavior. \"There\"s a lot of evidence that those who cheat on job applications also cheat in school and in life,\" says Richard Griffith, director of the industrial and organizational psychology program at the Florida Institute of Technology. \"If someone says they have a degree and they don\"t, I\"d have little faith that person would tell the truth when it came to financial statements and so on.\" Employers\" fears have sparked a boom in the background-screening industry. But guarding the henhouse does little good if the fox is already nestled inside. To unmask the deceivers among them, some employers are conducting checks upon promotion. Verified Person markets its ability to provide ongoing employee screening through automated criminal checks. With this increased **es a thorny new dilemma; figuring out whether every lie is really a fireable offense. Many bosses feel that a worker\"s track record on the job speaks more strongly than a stretched resume, says John Challenger of the outplacement firm Challenger, Gray & Christmas. Rather than booting talented workers, Challenger suggests, employers should offer a pardon period \"A moratorium would let anyone who needs to come clean,\" he says And the culprit could always go back to school and finish that degree—maybe even on company time.

1. By citing the examples of David Edmondson, the author intends to show that_____. A. little lies on the resume seem risk-free to **pany B. falsehoods on the resume may lead to career collapse

C. high-profile executives have to be careful about their background D. fabricated degrees can sometimes bring positions to senior executives

2. By saying \"The headlines haven\"t dented job seekers\" desire to dissemble\" (Para. 2), the author means that _____.

A. the news hasn\"t prevented job applicants from being dishonest

B. the headings have made job seekers more eager to hide their true feelings C. the news hasn\"t any kind of impacts on job applicants at all

D. the headings have succeeded in persuading job seekers to give up lying 3. If a lie is found out, one consequence will probably be _____. A. the increased number of laid-off coworkers B. the interference of stakeholders

C. the possibility of more unethical behaviors D. the ruined image of **pany

4. Falsehood on resume shows that the job seeker may _____. A. have extreme views towards working B. be more likely to cheat in other fields C. stay honest in financial statements D. seek other ways to convey the truth

5. According to Challenger, when the bosses screen out deceivers in **panies, they tend to_____. A. fire them immediately without listening to any excuses

B. evaluate their personality again through background-screening C. give them a period of time to make a remedy

D. offer all talented employees the opportunities to finish degree

After clashes between riot police and protesters, workers at the Keihin Hotel in Tokyo were forcibly ejected on January 25th. They had been fired in October when the hotel went bankrupt, but decided to keep it running—an example of the lengths to which people will go to keep their jobs in Japan, where unemployment is suddenly rising at an alarming rate. Over 150,000 people are expect-ed to lose their jobs between October and March. Hisashi Yamada of the Japan Research Institute expects 1.5 million job losses by the end of next year, lifting the unemployment rate from 4% last year to over 6%. Though low by international standards, yet that is exceptionally high in Japan. Hardest hit will be \"non-regular\" workers—those who work part-time, as day-laborers, for a fixed duration, or under agency contracts. \"Regular\" workers enjoy benefits such as housing, bonuses, training and (usually) lifetime employment, but non-regular workers earn as little as 40% of the pay for the same work, and do not receive training, pensions or unemployment insurance. In the past 20 years their numbers have grown to one-third of all workers. For years most Japanese ignored their predicament. But now their problems have erupted into plain sight. In January around 500 recently fired, homeless people set up a tent village in Hibiya Park—a highly visible spot in the centre of Tokyo. Politicians and television news crews flocked to the scene. The embarrassed city government eventually found accommodation for the park\"s homeless in unused city-owned buildings, though it put them up for only a week. The problem is that Japan lacks a social safety net, says Makoto Yuasa, the organizer of the Hibiya tent village, who dropped out of a PhD program at Tokyo University to help homeless people. Because families or companies traditionally looked after people, the state did not have to. Moreover, there is a stigma in Japan if an unemployed person asks for help: \"If you don\"t work, you don\"t deserve

to eat\ Yet there are signs of change. The main political parties recognize the need to establish better support and training for non-regular workers. And there is even a new government program to help unemployed foreign workers, such as Brazilians who worked at car factories, so that they do not leave Japan if they are laid off. With a shrinking population and workforce, losing skilled hands would **pound the country\"s woes when the economy eventually recovers.

6. We can infer from the event of Keihin Hotel in Japan that _____. A. workers would try every means to keep their jobs B. the protesters are fired because of several conflicts C. the hotel has to be shut down to avoid further clashes D. unemployed workers cause instability in the society

7. The main difference between regular workers and non-regular workers lies in ____ . A. working environment B. legal status C. job benefits D. labor intensity

8. The word \"predicament\" (Para. 3) most probably means_____. A. plight B. inferiority C. poverty D. misery

9. The text suggests that tent village in Hibiya Park has_____. A. shown most laid-off workers in Tokyo were homeless

B. helped 500 homeless or jobless people to find a living place C. changed the traditional view of working in Japan

D. pushed the city government to address the social security problem 10. Which of the following is true according to the text?

A. The unemployment rate in Japan is relatively **pared with other nations. B. The present unemployment rate in Japan is among the highest in its history. C. The government has not yet recognized the need to help non-regular workers. D. The government is reluctant to take measures to keep the technical workers.

The realization that colds can kill has renewed interest in finding vaccines and treatments. The trouble is that **mon cold is caused not by one virus but by hundreds of different ones. This means a vaccine or drug that works against one of these viruses, or one family of viruses, is usually ineffective against all the others. What\"s more, because colds are usually so mild, if treatmentscause even minor side effects they can be worse than the disease. Such treatments will never get approval for general use, which is why **panies instead focus on drugs that relieve symptoms. Nevertheless, some drugs and vaccines are being developed against the cold viruses most likely to turn nasty.A vaccine against Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), a virus which can cause serious illness in young children and the elderly, is going through clinical trials. It consists of a weakened strain of the virus given as a nasal spray. A treatment for RSV infections, based on RNA interference, is also in development. However, treatments for specific viruses are useless unless your cold is caused by the virus in question—and doctors have no quick way to work out which virus is to blame for a cold. Systems to do this are under development, mostly based on looking for specific DNA or RNA sequences, but none are near to reaching the market. An alternative approach would be to keep taking drugs that prevent infection throughout the cold season, such as a derivative of the anti-smallpox drug cidofovir which has been shown to combat adenoviruses, viruses that can cause upper respiratory infections. But again,

as adenoviruses are only responsible for a few percent of colds, the benefits hardly justify the expense and risk of side effects from remaining on a drug permanently. Short of everyone on the planet isolating themselves for two or three weeks, so existing cold viruses run out of hosts and die out, it is hard to see how we can ever defeat **mon cold. Even then, new cold viruses would evolve in time from animal viruses. Some even question whether it is desirable to try to eliminate colds. \"It\"s blind speculation,\" says Joel Weinstock of Tufts University in Boston in the US, \"but **mon cold may protect us from more serious viruses.\" An occasional sniffle might be a price worth paying if it keeps our immune defenses primed.

11. The drugs against colds are usually ineffective because _____. A. colds are usually not serious B. drugs can only relieve the illness

C. drugs against some viruses have side effects D. hundreds of viruses can lead to colds

12. The phrase \"turn nasty\" (Para 2) most probably means that the cold viruses could be_____. A. unpleasant and disgusting B. fruitless and disappointing C. dangerous and severe D. ineffective and painful

13. It could be inferred from the third paragraph that _____.

A. specific DNA or RNA sequences are developed to detect the viruses B. it is not a quick way to look for DNA sequences

C. systems to detect viruses are working to enter the market D. treatments for some specific virus are successful

14. Keeping taking drugs that prevent infection throughout the cold season will _____. A. cure **pletely

B. become inexpensive in the long run C. increase the risk of addiction to drugs D. have more side effects than other choices

15. According to Joel Weinstock, it\"s impossible and unnecessary to _____. A. try to get rid of **mon cold B. produce vaccines to defeat cold C. protect us **mon cold

D. protect us from more serious viruses

Give the Senate some credit: in shaping the current immigration-reform bill, it **e up with one idea that almost everybody hates. That\"s the plan to create a new class of \"guest workers\"—immigrants who would be allowed to work in the U.S. for three two-year stretches, at most, provided that they return home for a year after each visit. Conservatives dislike the plan because they elieve that the guest workers won\"t return home after their visas expire. Liberals dislike it because they believe the program will depress American wages and trap guest workers in a state of serfdom. The only vocal supporters of the provision are businesses that rely heavily on immigrant labor, and they\"re presumably just looking out for themselves. With the broader concerns about the effects of illegal immigration, the hostility to the new plan is understandable. It\"s also misguided. However imperfect, the guest-worker program is better than any politically viable alternative. Opponents of immigration sometimes imply that adding workers to a workforce

automatically brings wages down. But immigrants tend to work in different industries than native workers, and have different skills, and so they often end up complementing native workers, rather **peting with them. That can make native workers more productive and therefore better off. According to a recent study by the economists Gianmarco Ottaviano and Giovanni Peri, between 1990 and 2004 immigration actually boosted the wages of most American workers; its only negative effect was a small one, on the wages of workers without a high-school diploma. And if by increasing the number of legal guest workers we reduced the number of undocumented workers, the economy would benefit even more. Guest workers are also, paradoxically, less likely than illegal immigrants to become permanent residents. The U.S. already has a number of smaller—and less well-designed—temporary-worker programs, and there\"s no evidence that workers in those plans routinely overstay their visas. One remarkable study found that after border enforcement was stepped up in 1993 the chances of an illegal immigrant returning to his homeland to stay fell by a third. In fact, whatever benefits the guest-worker program brought to the U.S. economy or to particular businesses, the biggest winners would be the workers themselves. Congress, of course, is under no obligation to care about foreign workers. But the program\"s costs to American workers are negligible, the gains for the guest workers are enormous, and the U.S. economy will benefit. This is that rare option which is both sensible and politically possible. 16. In Paragraph 2, the author holds that the guest-worker program will _____. A. arouse great concerns about illegal immigration B. be a sensible way to solve the immigration problems C. be hazardous to the improvement of working structure D. bring **petitions to local laborers

17. Gianmarco Ottaviano and Giovanni Peri point out that immigration _____. A. is immune from negative effects

B. has lead to economic prosperity and social stability C. has enhanced wages of most American workers D. will root out illegal documentation of workers

18. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 4?

A. Illegal immigrants have more chances to stay permanently in the U.S. than guest workers. B. With stepped-up border control, illegal immigrants are more likely to stay in their homeland. C. Workers in temporary-worker programs usually pay no attention to their visa duration. D. Guest workers will not stay too long because of the enhanced border enforcement. 19. The plan of creating a new class of \"guest workers\" _____.

A. has aroused criticism from conservatives, liberals and the business world B. has allowed immigrants to work in the U.S. for six consecutive years C. will benefit both businesses and immigrant labor employers D. will give people a good reason to treat such workers as slaves 20. What is the author\"s attitude towards guest workers plan? A. Negligible. B. Obscure. C. Indifferent. D. Favorable.

It was just a **pared with the more infectious disaster that killed millions more people in 1918, but the 1957 influenza pandemic that sickened some 25 to 30 percent of the American population was a medical watershed for the clues that it offered about how a new strain of influenza could spread. Americans first got a whiff of the so-called Asian flu when Maurice Hilleman, aphysician

at Walter Reed Hospital in Washington, D.C., read about an unusually large number of people-some 250,000—who **e down with flu-like symptoms in Hong Kong. Concerned, he immediately requested samples from American servicemen in Asia and within days had his answer. The genetic structure of this strain was like nothing immunologists had ever seen before. When the virus finally hit America: \"It went like a house on fire,\" recallsD.A Henderson, then the chief of the United States Epidemic Intelligence Service. Worsened by school openings that fall, the flu spread so rapidly from a few counties in Louisiana that just eight weeks later it had heavily infected more than half the counties in nearly all 50 states. Although it wasn\"t particularly potent, the 1957 strain killed about 80,000 Americans. The victims were predominantly the very old and the very young, although the infection occasionally killed otherwise healthy adults as well. **panies worked furiously to produce a vaccine, ultimately distributing some 40 million doses. But \"they were just a little bit too late,\" says Arnold Monto, an influenza specialist at the University of Michigan. \"They only had significant doses available when the pandemic was peaking.\" Earlier, scarcities raised questions about who deserved the vaccine first.A set of official rules gave priority to military personnel and necessary civic workers, but that didn\"t stop members of the San Francisco 49ers football team from getting vaccinated before police and firemen. Despite some manufacturing improvements, experts say the same shortages could occur with a pandemic today. And that concern has caused preparedness officials to plan **munity interventions such as school closings and isolation of sick people. But Henderson says, \"It won\"t work. And you don\"t need a better example than \"57. When you go from just a few scattered outbreaks in the end of August to the whole country infected in eight weeks, at a time when people didn\"t travel as much as they do today and cities were not as densely populated, what do you think we\"re going to see today?\" Better, he says, to have good vaccines and to ensure that the medical system can handle the extra load.

21. The word \"footnote\" (Para. 1) means that the influenza in 1957 _____. A. was less important in American medical history B. imposed little influence on American population C. was less serious in terms of death toll

D. got less attention of American medical experts

22. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _____. A. the 1957 influenza infected 250,000 people in America

B. Asia was the cradle of the 1957 influenza pandemic in America

C. Maurice Hilleman went to Asia to collect the sample of the influenza

D. it was quite time-consuming to study the genetic structure of the influenza 23. According to the second paragraph, the 1957 influenza _____. A. had victims throughout all the states of the USA B. was very powerful and infectious at the beginning C. had its spread kept down by school openings D. had infected both the elders and the kids

24. With regard to the vaccine, it can be inferred that _____. A. the production of the vaccine was timely and successful B. there were enough vaccines before the influenza peaked C. not all people got equal chance to get vaccinated D. none of any football team members got vaccinated

25. The last paragraph suggests that _____.

A. manufacturing improvements can eliminate the vaccine shortage today B. community interventions can prevent the spread of epidemics today C. the 1957 influenza would become more wide-spreading today D. it is sure that today\"s medical system can handle the extra load