一、时态讲解：现在完成时
（1） 构成：现在完成时由助动词 have + 过去分词构成，助动词 have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用 has，其余用 have.
现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上 not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以 study 为例， 其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：
否定式 I have not (haven’t) studied…. You have not (haven’t) studied…. He has not (hasn’t) studied…. 疑问式 Have I studied…? Have you studied…? Has he studied…? 简单回答（肯定/否定） Yes, you have. No, you haven’t. Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. 否定疑问式 Have I not (Haven’t I) studied…? Have you not (Haven’t you) studied…? Has he not (Hasn’t he) studied…? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t. （2） 用法： 1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态 对现在的结果或影响。
My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。She has arrived. 她 到 了 。2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如 recently,
already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet 等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。
They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。She has been with us since Monday. ★注意：
a) since 和 for 的区别
since 后接时间点，如 1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there
for 后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如 ten years, a while, two days 等。 Exercise: 用 since 和 for 填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia 15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there 7 o'clock. 5. India has been an independent country 1974. 6. The bus is late. They've been waiting 20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years. 8. Mike has been ill a long time. He has been in hospital October.
2）表示短暂意义的动词如 arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die 等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 months. ×They have left only for 5 minutes. × 以上三句话可以改为：
He has been here for 2 weeks.The old man has for 4 months.
3.They have only for 5 minutes 2） have (has) been 和 have (has) gone 的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某
地”要用 “have (has) gone”。试比较：
Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了） Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？（人不在）
They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大）
They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）.
3） 现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如 yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和 already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never 等连用。例如：
She has already come. 她已经来了。 I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。 I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。
Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。 I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。 They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。 I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。 Exercise:
I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form. 1. I already (see) the film. I (see) it last week. 2. he (finish) his work today? Not yet. just (come) back from work. He is tired now.
(go) to the teacher’s office.
(move) here in 1999.
(stay) here ? For two weeks.
(make) quite a few friends here. the Wangs just (go) to school on foot every day.
(finish) my homework. 3. My father 5. I 6. So far I 7. How long 8. I 9. He 4. Where’s Li Ming ? He (work) here since I 10. you (find) your science book yet? 11. If it (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you. 12. The students 13. Look! The monkey 14. My mother (read) English when the teacher came in.
(climb) the tree.
(come) to see me next Sunday.
15. I've lost my pen. you (see) it anywhere? II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you here? A. come B. got C. arrived D. been 2. My grandpa died . A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.
3. Jane has to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.
A. been B. gone C. went D. never been 4. It is ten years I last saw her. A. after B. since C. for D. that 5.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? --I will. I her several times.
A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet 6. --What a nice dress! How long you it? --Just 2 weeks.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had 7.--Do you know Lydia very well? --Yes, She and I friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned 8. The Smiths in China for 8 years.
A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live
9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?-- Sorry. He the Bainiao Park.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to 10. -- you ever to the US? -- Yes, twice. A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going III. Rewrite the sentences.
1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句) I been to Macau before. 2. He hasn’t come to school because he was ill. (就划线部分提问) he come to school? 3. I bough a new bike just now. (用 just 改写) I just a new bike.
4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句) We English three years 5. He has never surfed, ? （改成反意疑问句） 6. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) have they been here? 7. The old man last year. He has for a year. (die) （动词填空） 8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换) Miss Gao has an hour ago. Ask the questions（根据句子问问题） 1) I have been there for two days. 2) My father has lived here since 2000. 3) He left here yesterday. 4) They bought a book two hours ago. you your father ? a book?
? ?
he they 使用“never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since”填空 1. I have seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
2. Jack has finished his homework .3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ten years. 4. “Have you seen the film?” “No, I have seen it.” 5. “Has the bus left ?” “Yes, it has left.”
现在完成时练习题及答案一、翻译下列句子：
1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？
2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。
3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。
4. 他已经吃过午饭
5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？
6. 我哥哥还没回来。
7. 这本字典我已买了三年了。
8. 他离开中国三年了。
9. 我认识他们五年了。
10. 他们已去了美国五年了。
11. 自从他搬到济宁，他就住这儿了。
12. 我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。
13. 自从 1999 年以来他们就认识。 14. 我来到这个学校已 3 年多了。
二、用 since 和 for 填空 1. two years 2. 5. yesterday 6. 9. we were children 10. two years ago3. last month 4. 1999 4 o’clock7 4 hours 8. an hour ago lunch time 11. she left here
12. He has lived in Nanjing the year before last. 13. I’ve known him we were children. 14. Our teacher has studied Japanese three years. 15. She has been away from the city about ten years. 16. It’s about ten years she left the city. 三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。 ① arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp → be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there 1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for 2) I moved to the USA in 2008. I the USA since 3) I went home yesterday. I home for 4) They came here last week. They here since ② come to / go back to / return to→ be back to 1) He came out two years ago.He for 2) We return to Beijing yesterday.We ③ become → be
1) I became a teacher in 2000. I 2) The river became dirty last year. The river ④ close → be closed open → be open 1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop 2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door go out → be out
. to Beijing since . .
. .
. . . . for six hours. a teacher for dirty for for ⑤ get up → be up； die → be dead； leave sp. → be away from sp. fall asleep / get tot sleep → be asleep； finish / end → be over；marry → be married； 1) I got up two hours ago.I since . 2) He left Shanghai just now.He Shanghai for five minutes. 3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa for . 4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting for six hours. 5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I since . 6) They married in 1990. They since . ⑥ start / begin to do sth. → do sth. ；begin → be on 1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I at this school since 2) The film began two minutes ago. The film for ⑦ borrow → keep； lose → not have ；buy → have ；put on → wear catch / get a cold → have a cold； get to know → know 1) They borrowed it last week. They it since 2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I a pen for 3) I got to know him last year. I him since 4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I my glasses for ⑧have / has gone to → have been in
.
.
. . . .
He has gone to Beijing.He Beijing for two days.
⑨ join the league / the Party / the army
→ be a league member /a Party member / a soldier → be a member of the league / the Party → be in the league / the Party / the army 1) He joined the league in 2002. He a for two years. He a the for two years. He the league for two years. 2) My brother joined the army two years ago. My brother a for My brother in for two years. 四、划线提问
1) I have been there for two days. you 2) My father has lived here since 2000. your father 3) He left here yesterday. he ? 4) They bought a book two hours ago. they a book 五、用 have(has) been 或 have(has) gone 填空。A: Where Li Fei ? B: He to Hainan Island. A: How long he there? B: He there for three days. A: When will he come back , do you know? B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently. A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I never there. A: How many times Li Fei B: He there only once. .
? ?
to that place? 六、用 have / has been to / in, have gone to 及 go 的各种形式填空。 1) Where is Jack? He his country. 2) David the park just now. 3) John England since he came back. 4) How long they this village? 5) The Smiths Beijing for years. 6) you ever America? -- Yes, I there many times.
7) I this school since three years ago. 8) Where is Jim? He the farm. 9) When he ? He an hour ago. 10) Would you like to to the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I there before. 11) Where you now? --- I to the zoo. 12) He often swimming. 13) you there last year? 14) they often skating in winter?
七 用 never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since 填空 1. I have seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has finished his homework. 3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ten years. 4. “Have you seen the film?” “No, I have seen it.” 5. “Has the bus left ?” “Yes, it has left.” 八. 用适当的时态填空： 1. She’s (live) here ever since she was ten. 2. Both of them (be) in Hongkong for ten days. 3.Both of them (come) to Hongkong ten days ago. 4. Half an hour (pass) since the train (leave). 5. Mary (lose) her pen. you (see) it here and there? 6. you (find) your watch yet? 7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I just (have) some orange. 8. We ----- already (return) the book. 9. they (build) a new school in the village? 10. I (not finish) my homework . Can you help me? 11. My father (read) the novel twice.12. I (buy) a book just now. 13. I (lost ) my watch yesterday.14. My father (read) this book since yesterday. 现在完成时态练习题答案一．翻译下列句子：
1. Have you ever had / eaten fish and chips? 2. I have just lost my chemistry book. 3. I have never been to the farm before.
4. He has already had lunch = He has had lunch already. 5. Have you seen the movie yet?
6. My brother hasn’t come /get / been back yet = My brother hasn’t returned yet. 7. I have had this dictionary for three years / since three years ago. 8. Has been away from China for three years. 9. I have known them for five years.
10. They have been in the USA for five years.
He has been here since he moved to Jining. 12. My sister has been a college student for three years = My sister has been in college for three years. 13. They have known each other since 1999. 14. I have been in this school for over three years. 二、用 since 或者 for 填空 1. for 2. since 3. since 4. since 5. since6. since 7. for 8 since 9.since 10. since11. since 12.since 13. since 14.for 15.for16. since 三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语
11.
① 1. has been in , five minutes2. have been in , 20083. have been at, two days4. have been , last week ② 1. have been out, two years 2. have been back , yesterday ③ 1. have been , nine years 2. has been , two years ④ 1. has been closed , two hours 2. has been open
⑤ 1. have been up , two hours ago2. has been away from3. has been dead , seven years
4. has been over5. have been asleep , two hours ago6. have been married , 1990 ⑥ 1. have taught , 1995 2. has been on , two minutes
⑦ 1. have kept , last week 2. have had , two hours3. have known , last years4. have worn , three years ⑧ has been in⑨ has been , League member has been , member of , League has been in 2. has been , soldier , two years has been , the army 四、划线提问
1. How long have, been there 2. How long has , lived here3. When did , leave here 4. When did , buy 五、用 have(has) been 或 have(has) gone 填空。 A: Where has Li Fei gone? B: He has gone to Hainan Island. A: How long has he been there? B: He has been there for three days.
A: When will he come back, do you know?B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently. A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I have never been there. A: How many times has Li Fei been to that place?B: He has been there only once. 六、用 have / has been to / in, have gone to 及 go 的各种形式填空。 1. has gone t 2. went to3. has been in 4. have , been in 5. have been in 6. Have , been to ; have been7. have been in / at 8. has gone to9. did go ; went 10. go ; have been 11. are , going ; am going 12. goes 13. Did , go 14. Do , go
七、综合练习:
1. never 2. just , already 3. for 4. ever, never 5. yet , just / already
八. 用适当的时态填空：
1. lived / has been living 2. have been 3. went 4. has passed ; left 5. has lost ; have , seen 6. Have , found 7. have , had 8. have , returned9. Have , built 10. haven’t finished11. has read 12. bought
13. lost14. have been reading / has read
参考答案：
1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since
1. have, seen, saw 2. Has, finished 3. has, come 4. has gone 5. have worked, moved 6. have made 7. have, stayed 8. have, finished 9. goes 10. have, found 11. is 12. were reading 13. is climbing 14. is coming 15. Have, seen
Keys: 1. How long have, been there 2. How long has, lived here 3. When did, leave here 4. When did, buy
Keys: 1. never 2. just , already 3. for 4. ever, never 5. yet , just / already
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