一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解
Eating red meat is linked to cancer and heart disease, but are the risks big enough to justify giving up juicy burgers and delicious steaks? Probably not, according to researchers who reviewed data from 12 clinical trials involving about 54,000 people. In a series of controversial papers, the researchers argue that the increased health risks tied to red meat are small and uncertain, and that cutting back likely wouldn't be worth it for people who enjoy meat.
Those conclusions go against established medical advice. They were swiftly attacked by a group of famous U.S. scientists who took the unusual step of trying to stop the papers from being published until their criticisms were addressed.
The new work does not say red or processed meats like hot dogs and bacon are healthy, or that people should eat more of them. The team's reviews of past studies generally support the ties to cancer, heart disease and other bad health outcomes. But the authors say the evidence is weak, and that there's not much certainty meat is really the cause, since other diet and lifestyle factors could be at play.
If the latest example of how divisive nutrition research has become, with its uncertainties leaving the door open for conflicting advice. Critics say findings often aren't backed by strong evidence. Defenders counter that nutrition studies can rarely be conclusive because of the difficulty of measuring the effects of any single food, but that methods have improved.
Based on their analyses, the researchers said people do not have to cut back for health reasons. But they noted that their own advice is weak, and acknowledged that they didn't consider factors such as animal welfare and the environment. Indeed, the case that meat production is bad for animal welfare and the environment is stronger than the case that it's bad for human health, according to an editorial that accompanies the report.
Not all of the report authors agreed with its conclusions. Three of the 14 researchers said they support reducing red and processed meats. A coauthor of one of the reviews is also among those who called for a publication delay.
Those who pushed to postpone publication also questioned why certain studies were included in the reviews while others were left out.
As for his own diet, Dr. Gordon Guyatt, a member of the international research team that conducted the reviews, said he no longer thinks red or processed meats have significant health risks. But he said he still avoids them out of habit, and for animal welfare and environmental reasons.
（1）What is the author's purpose in writing the passage? A.To introduce a new relationship between health and eating red meat. B.To urge more people to keep away from eating red meat regularly. C.To present a new controversial view on impacts of eating red meat. D.To criticize nutrition studies for lacking of conclusive evidence. （2）What is the author's attitude towards the new research?
A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Disapproving. D.Objective.
（3）Guyatt's avoiding red meats has the weakest connection with_______. A.health risks B.diet habits C.animal welfare D.environmental protection
（4）What can we learn from the recent research? A.Red meats don't have significant health risks. B.Reducing meat consumption will be worth it. C.The report authors have reached a consensus. D.Consuming red meat will do good to health. 【答案】 （1）C （2）D （3）A （4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者对于吃红肉是否与癌症和心脏病有关引用了研究发现、结果、例子等客观数据和事实来写这篇文章。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Eating red meat is linked to cancer and heart disease, but are the risks big enough to justify giving up juicy burgers and delicious steaks? Probably not, according to researchers...”可知，吃红肉与癌症和心脏病有关，但是否这些风险大到足以让你放弃多汁的汉堡和美味的牛排呢？根据研究人员研究发现，答案是不一定，引导出了一个关于吃红肉有争议的新观点，故选C。
（2）考查推理判断。根据“according to researchers who reviewed data”，“ the researchers argue that”，“ Those conclusions go against established medical advice”，“ The team's reviews of past studies”“ the latest example”，“ Based on their analyses”等等，可知作者主要引用研究发现、结果、例子等客观数据和事实来写这篇文章，可知作者对新研究的态度是客观的，故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“But he said he still avoids them out of habit, and for animal welfare and environmental reasons.”但他说避免吃红肉是出于习惯，也是为了保护动物福利和环境，没有说是健康风险问题，可以判断Guyatt避免吃红肉与健康风险的关系最弱，故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“The new work does not say red or processed meats like hot dogs and bacon are healthy, or that people should eat more of them. The team's reviews of past studies generally support the ties to cancer, heart disease and other bad health outcomes. But the authors say the evidence is weak...”这项新研究并没有说红肉或加工肉类如热狗和熏肉是健康的，也没有说人们应该多吃。以往研究通常支持红肉与癌症、心脏病和其他不良健康的联系，但这项研究的作者说这个证据是站不住脚的，可以推断红肉没有明显的健康
风险，故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
Young Adult Groups
●Around the World in 80 Books — 9,186 members
If you love exploring the world through books, you have come to the right place! It all started as a challenge on TNBBC in 2009, and now we have our own group! Challenge participation is not a requirement of joining. Anyone who loves reading books is welcome. Website: http: //www.worldinbooks.com Rules: Respect each other's opinions and have fun! ●Readers That Love Giveaways — 734 members
This group is for readers that enjoy entering give-aways and finding freebies(免费物)! Follow us for the newestbargain, discounted, and free e-books, as well as new releases and book recommendations. Website: http://www.fireandicebooktours.com Rules: Please share your items in the appropriate folders! ●Book Loving Kiwis — 706 members
A group for New Zealand book lovers（and authors）and lovers of New Zealand books（and books in general）. Aplace to share what we're reading, introduce books we have written, and discuss and recommend books. Please recommend us to your friends. Website: http://www.kiwisbook.com
Rules: Enjoy reading! Respect all group members and their opinions. ●A Book and a Cappucino — 77 members
This group is for anyone who likes to read and likes to read at their own pace. It does not matter how much or how little you read. It's just a friendly place to discuss what you're reading and to get ideas for your next read. You can participate as much or as little as you like. Website: http://www.bookandcappucino.com
Rules: Be respectful to all. Everyone has a right to share opinions. （1）Which of the four groups is the most popular?
A. Book Loving Kiwis. B. A Book and a Cappucino. C. Around the World in 80 Books. D. Readers That Love Giveaways. （2）Which website should you visit if you want free reading materials? A. http://www.fireandicebooktours.com. B. http://www.bookandcappucino.com. C. http://www.worldinbooks.com. D. http://www.kiwisbook.com. （3）Who is the text mainly intended for?
A. New authors. B. Young adults. C. Book dealers. D. Book lovers. 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个小组，它们都是为喜欢读书的人开设的
兴趣小组。
（1）考查细节理解。根据四个小组名称后面紧跟着的成员人数“●Around the World in 80 Books — 9,186 members”；“●Readers That Love Giveaways — 734 members”；“●Book Loving Kiwis — 706 members”；“●A Book and a Cappucino — 77 members”可知，Around the World 80 Books这一小组的成员人数最多。由此可推知，它是四个小组中最受欢迎的一个。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据●Readers That Love Giveaways部分中的“This group is for readers that enjoy entering give-aways and finding freebies!”可知，这个群组是为喜欢领取赠品和寻找免费赠品的读者而设的!其网址是http: //www.fireandicebooktours.com。故选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据●Around the World in 80 Books — 9,186 members部分中的”If you love exploring the world through books, you have come to the right place!“；●Readers That Love Giveaways — 734 members部分中的”This group is for readers that enjoy entering give-aways and finding freebies（免费物）!“；●Book Loving Kiwis — 706 members部分中的”A group for New Zealand book lovers（and authors）and lovers of New Zealand books（and books in general）；和●A Book and a Cappucino — 77 members部分中的“This group is for anyone who likes to read and likes to read at their own pace.”可知，这四个小组都是为喜欢读书的人开设的兴趣小组，因此本文的目标读者是喜欢读书的人。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
My father loves his garden. He planted some seeds in it. But at that time I didn't understand why working in the dirt excited him so much.
Unfortunately, in early May, my father was seriously injured in an accident. He had to stay in bed for a while. My mother had several business trips so she couldn't take care of the garden. I didn't want my father to worry, so I said that I would take care of his garden until he recovered. I assumed that the little plants would continue to grow as long as they had water, and luckily it rained fairly often so I didn't think much about the garden.
One Saturday morning, my father said to me, \"Christine, the vegetables should be about ready to be picked. Let's have a salad today!\" I went out to the garden and was upset to see that many of the lettuce leaves and carrots had been half eaten by bugs. There were hundreds of bugs all over them!
I panicked for a moment, but then I quietly went to the nearest store to buy some vegetables. When I gave the salad to him, he said, \"Oh, Christine, what a beautiful salad! I can't believe the carrots are this big already. You must be taking very good care of my garden.\" I felt a little bit guilty.
Coming home, my mother saw the bag from the supermarket in the kitchen. I was embarrassed and I admitted, \"Dad wanted a salad, but the garden was a disaster. I didn't want to disappoint him so I went to the store.\" She laughed but promised to help me in the garden and weeks later I was finally able to pick some.
I carefully made a salad and took it to my father. He looked at it with a hint of a smile. \"Christine the carrots are smaller in this salad, but they taste better.\"
Now, I better understand how putting a lot of effort into caring for something can help you appreciate the results more, however small they maybe. Perhaps this was one of the reasons for my father's love of gardening.
（1）Christine originally said she would do the gardening because she ________. A.knew it was important to her father B.wanted to improve her gardening skills C.was asked by her father to do it D.was interested in growing vegetables
（2）Which of the following was a problem in the garden? A.Animals often dug in the garden. B.Insects destroyed the lettuce and carrots. C.The plants were given too much water. D.The vegetables were marked incorrectly.
（3）Christine could secretly make the salad from store-bought vegetables because ________. A.her father couldn't see the garden's progress B.her father was in hospital at that time C.her mother helped her to buy the vegetables D.her mother helped her to make a spray
（4）What did Christine learn through her experience of gardening? A.Always prepare for a rainy day. B.Don't be disappointed by bugs. C.Hard work can be rewarding. D.Working alone produces results. 【答案】 （1）A （2）B （3）A （4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了帮养病的爸爸照顾花园的经历让Christine明白了努力工作是值得的。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的\"My father loves his garden.\"及第二段中的\"I didn't want my father to worry, so I said that I would take care of his garden until he recovered.\"可知，Christine的爸爸很喜欢花园，她不想让爸爸在养伤期间担心他的花园没人照顾，所以Christine说她会帮他照顾花园，也就是说Christine知道花园对爸爸很重要才说帮他照顾花园，故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的\"I went out to the garden and was upset to see that many of the lettuce leaves and carrots had been half eaten by bugs.\"可知，Christine去花园看到许多莴苣叶和胡萝卜被虫子吃掉了一半，由此可知，花园的一个问题是昆虫破坏了莴苣和胡萝卜，故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的\"Unfortunately, in early May, my father was seriously injured in an accident. He had to stay in bed for a while.\"可知，Christine的爸爸在一次事故中受了重伤，需要卧床养伤，看不到菜园的进展，所以Christine才能偷偷地用商店里买来的蔬菜做沙拉，故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的\"Now, I better understand how putting a lot of effort into caring for something can help you appreciate the results more, however small they maybe.\"可知，现在，Christine更好地理解，为某事付出大量的努力可以帮助你更好地欣赏成果，不管成果有多小，言外之意，这个经历让Christine明白了努力工作是值得的，故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
4．阅读理解
Attitudes toward new technologies often fall along generational lines. That is, generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological change. It is not always the case, though. When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesn't seem to be a clear generational divide. The public overall is split on whether they'd like to use a driverless car. In a study last year, of all people surveyed, 48 percent said they wanted to ride in one, while 50 percent did not.
The fact that attitudes toward self-driving cars appear to be so steady across generations suggests how transformative the change to driverless cars could be. Not everyone wants a driverless car now-and no one can get one yet—but among those who are open to them, every age group is similarly involved.
Actually, this isn't surprising. Whereas older generations are sometimes reluctant to adopt new technologies, driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular. Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own are one of the classic use-cases for driverless cars.
This is especially interesting when you consider that younger people are generally more interested in travel-related technologies than older ones.
When it comes to driverless cars, differences in attitude are more pronounced based on factors not related to age. College graduates, for example, are particularly interested in driverless cars compared with those who have less education: 59 percent of college graduates said they would like to use a driverless car compared with 38 percent of those with a high-school diploma or less. Where a person lives matters, too. More people who lived in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in rural areas.
While there's reason to believe that interest in self-driving cars is going up across the board, a person's age will have little to do with how self-driving cars can become mainstream. Once driverless cars are actually available for sale, the early adopters will be the people who can afford to buy them.
（1）What happens when a new technology appears? A.It farther widens the gap between the old and the young. B.It usually draws different reactions from different age groups.
C.It often leads to innovations in other related fields. D.It contributes greatly to the advance of society as a whole. （2）What does the author say about the driverless car? A.It will not necessarily reduce road accidents. B.It has given rise to unrealistic expectations. C.It does not seem to create a generational divide. D.It may start a revolution in the car industry.
（3）Why does the driverless car appeal to some old people? A.It adds to the safety of their travel. B.It saves their energy. C.It arouses their interest in life. D.It helps with their mobility.
（4）What is likely to affect one's attitude toward the driverless car? A.The location of their residence. B.The amount of training they received. C.The length of their driving experience. D.The field of their special interest. 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）D （4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了老年人和年轻人对无人驾驶汽车的态度上并没有表现出明显的代沟以及影响人们对无人驾驶汽车的态度的几个因素。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的\"generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological change.\"可知，一般来说，在技术变革的前沿，年轻人往往比老年人多，由此可知，新技术的出现通常会引起不同年龄组的不同反应，故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的\"generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological change. It is not always the case, though. When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesn't seem to be a clear generational divide.\"可知，一般来说，在技术变革的前沿，年轻人往往比老年人多，不过，情况并不总是这样，当你看到人们对无人驾驶汽车的态度时，似乎并没有明显的代沟，故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的\"driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular. Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own are one of the classic use-cases for driverless cars.\"可知，无人驾驶汽车尤其能为老年人带来真正的价值，老年人，特别是那些行动不便或独自驾驶困难的人，是无人驾驶汽车的典型使用案例之一，由此可知，无人驾驶汽车对一些老年人有吸引力是因为它有助于他们的行动，故选D。
（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的\"Where a person lives matters, too. More people who lived in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in
rural areas.\"可知，一个人居住的地方也会影响他对无人驾驶汽车的态度，住在城市和郊区的人比住在农村的人更愿意尝试无人驾驶汽车，故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
5．阅读理解
Our plan was to drive into Cambridge, catch the 7:34 train to Liverpool Street Station, then to separate and meet again for lunch. We should have arrived at Liverpool at 9:19, but due to a typical London fog, the train had to move along so slowly that it was not until 10:30 that it got there. In spite of our late arrival, Joan, my wife's sister, decided that she would go to see the Crown Jewels in the Tower of London while we went shopping. It was only after her sister had disappeared into the fog that my wife realized that we hadn't decided where we should meet for lunch. Since I had our three tickets for the concert in my pocket, this was indeed a problem. There seemed to be nothing we could do except taking a taxi to the Tower of London, and try to find her there. Needless to say, we didn't find her.
It was now one o'clock, and the concert began at 2:30. \"Perhaps she will think of waiting outside the concert hall,\" suggested my wife hopefully. By this time the fog was so thick that road traffic had to stop, and the only way to get there was by underground railway. Hand in hand we felt our way along the road to where we thought the nearest station should be. An hour later we were still trying to find it. Just as I was about to lose my temper completely when we met a blind man tapping his way confidently through the fog. With his help we found Tower Hill tube station just fifty yards down the road.
By now it was far too late even to try to get to the concert hall before the performance began at 2:30, so we decided to return to Cambridge. It took seven long hours instead of the usual two to make that journey. Nor were we able to get any food and drink on the train. Tired and hungry we finally reached home at ten, opening the door to the sound of the telephone bell. It was Joan; she had seen the Crown Jewels, had managed to get another ticket for concert, and had had a wonderful dinner at a restaurant near the hotel where she decided to stay for the night. Now she was ringing to discover whether we had had an equally successful day. （1）Why was Joan separated from her sister and her brother-in-law? A. they could not see each other because of the fog. B. Joan had not seen Crown Jewels.
C. They planned to do different things until lunch time. D. The writer didn't want to go to the concert.
（2）What did the writer plan to do in the afternoon? A. Go to the concert. B. See the Crown Jewels. C. Return to Cambridge. D. Go shopping.
（3）The reason why they didn't all meet for lunch was that _______. A. They lost their way in the fog
B. they forgot to make necessary arrangement
C. they waited at different places and didn't meet each other
D. the couple couldn't find the underground station
（4）It's quite clear that for Joan the trip to London had been ________.
A. spilt by the fog B. quite tiring C. rather disappointing D. very enjoyable 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）B （4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者一伙人到伦敦游玩的故事。由于安排不当，导致当天的活动很是混乱。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Our plan was to drive into Cambridge, catch the 7:34 train to Liverpool Street Station, then to separate and meet again for lunch”可知，他们分开的原因在于他们决定各自做自己的事情，然后中午午餐时相聚。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Since I had our three tickets for the concert in my pocket, this was indeed a problem”，可知作者计划去听音乐会。故选A。
（3）细节理解。根据第一段中的“It was only after her sister had disappeared into the fog that my wife realized that we hadn't decided where we should meet for lunch. ”可知此前他们并没有做好安排。故导致午饭时没能聚到一起。故选B。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“It was Joan; she had seen the Crown Jewels, had managed to get another ticket for concert, and had had a wonderful dinner at a restaurant near the hotel where she decided to stay for the night”可知Joan玩得很尽兴。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
6．阅读理解
At 88, my grandmother Vera has dementia and barely recognizes me. But I'm determined to help her age with dignity and grace in her home for as long as she can.
Since 2015, I've been a manager at Honor, a technology company that uses a website and an app to pair professional caregivers (we call them Care Pros) with loved ones who need a hand. I want to make sure we are offering all our clients (客户), including my grandmother, a service that is affordable, with people who are reliable, diverse and skilled. On Sundays. Amy, my grandmother's most-loved Honor professional caregiver, comes over to get her dressed for church. She loves the time she spends with Amy. That's the best gift I can give her and the best gift I can give myself. Care giving can exhaust a family emotionally and physically. At Honor, we're trying to create something that makes it easier for women to be moms, daughters, and sisters all at once. That's why this company was built.
What sets Honor apart from other care giving services is that we're equally focused on treating the Care Pros well. We pay higher-than-average rates and they can get health benefits and sick leave. Most of our Care Pros are women, and a lot of them arc single mothers. The technology behind our app allows Care Pros to set parameters (参数) based on when, where, and how much they want to work so they can control their schedules. The company also allows continuity of
care. Each Care Pro notes in the caregivers' app how the client is feeling or what should happen on the following shift. That way, the client's family can stay up to date on their loved one's health. When I was working with my team at Honor, I wanted to create opportunities for people who looked like me. I'm proud to say that there are single moms and other women without traditional educational training who lead teams here. The makeup of this company proves that people with diverse backgrounds can be part of a successful tech company. This has to be a model for the future.
I'm confident it will happen.
（1）The author mentions Amy to _______.
A. share a precious memory B. advocate caring for the elderly C. show the importance of caregivers D. inform the readers of a touching story （2）Which of the following about Honor is true? A. It allows flexible working schedules. B. It gives higher salary and more paid leave. C. It mainly employs single mothers and males. D. It matches caregivers with clients at random.
（3）What does the underlined part \"stay up to date\" probably mean? A. Go to bed later than usual. B. Get the latest information.
C. Attend to somebody at fixed time. D. Accompany somebody day and night. （4）The last paragraph intends to tell us that _______. A. women are able to hold up half the sky B. success has nothing to do with education C. Honor will probably have a better future D. people with diverse backgrounds will be a model 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）B （4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了老年照顾者的重要性以及Honor公司。Honor是一家科技公司，它通过一个网站和一个应用程序，将专业护理人员(我们称之为护理专业人员)与需要帮助的亲人配对。Honor与其他护理服务的区别在于，我们同样注重善待护理专业人士。我们支付高于平均水平的工资，他们可以享受健康福利和病假。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“I want to make sure we are offering all our clients (客户), including my grandmother, a service that is affordable, with people who are reliable, diverse and skilled. On Sundays. Amy, my grandmother's most-loved Honor professional caregiver, comes over to get her dressed for church. She loves the time she spends with Amy.”我想要确保我们为所有的客户，包括我的祖母，提供一项负担得起的服务，而且要有可靠、多样化和熟练的员工。在星期天，艾米，我祖母最喜欢的荣誉职业护理员，过来给她穿上去教堂的衣服。她喜欢和艾米在一起的时光。可知，作者提到Amy是为了说明老年照顾者的重要性。故选C。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“The technology behind our app allows Care Pros to set parameters (参数) based on when, where, and how much they want to work so they can control their schedules.”我们的应用程序背后的技术允许医护人员根据时间、地点和工作量来设置参数，这样他们就可以控制自己的日程安排。可知，它允许灵活的工作时间安排。故选A。
（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Each Care Pro notes in the caregivers' app how the client is feeling or what should happen on the following shift. That way, the client's family can stay up to date on their loved one's health.”每个护理专业人员都会在护理人员的应用程序中记录下客户的感受，以及接下来轮班时应该发生什么。这样，客户的家人就可以随时了解他们所爱的人的健康状况。由此推知划线词的意思是\"获取最新信息\"。故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“The makeup of this company proves that people with diverse backgrounds can be part of a successful tech company. This has to be a model for the future.”这家公司的构成证明，拥有不同背景的人可以成为一家成功科技公司的一部分。这必须成为未来的模式。和最后一段中的“I'm confident it will happen.”我相信这将会发生。可知，最后一段意在告诉我们，Honor可能会有一个更好的未来。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
7．阅读理解
At the age of seven, while his friends were spending pocket money on things like candy and toys, Jose Adolfo was busy saving money for more essential purchases. To try to get his peers to do the same, the youngster from Arequipa, Peru came up with the innovative idea of an eco-bank, which allows kids of all ages to gain economic independence— while also helping the environment.
Established in 2012, the Bartselana Student Bank is the world's first bank for kids. To open an account, kids have to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste (paper or plastic) and establish a savings goal. Once accepted, all bank \"partners\" are required to deposit(存储) at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis and meet other requirements, such as attending financial education and environmental management workshops.
The waste collected is sold to local recycling companies, who, thanks to Jose, pay a higher-than-market rate for everything brought in by Bartselana Student Bank members. The funds received are placed in the individual's account until his/her savings goal is reached. The account holder can then withdraw his/her money, or choose to leave it and continue to grow for a bigger target. \"At the beginning, my teachers thought I was crazy,\" Jose recalls. \"They did not understand that we are not the future of the country but its present. Luckily. I had the support of the school principal.\"
By 2013, the bank had over 200 members who brought in one ton of recyclable waste. Today, the eco-bank, which now has the support of several local institutions, has ten educational centers. They are designed to teach the over 3,000 members both finance and environmental management. On December 6, 2018, in response to the growing demand, Bartselana Student
Bank began accepting applications from kids all across Peru.
As the teenager says, \"Together we can change the world. We just need an opportunity.\" （1）What is the purpose of the eco-bank?
A. To involve kids in the management of the local recycling companies. B. To help kids get pocket money to spend on things like candy and toys. C. To show kids how important it is to learn environmental management. D. To get kids to help the environment and be economically independent. （2）What duty does an eco-bank member have to perform? A. Attending financial education workshops. B. Bringing in 5 kilos of waste. C. Saving one kilo of solid waste weekly. D. Establishing a savings goal. （3）What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Kids are more responsible when growing up. B. The future of the country relies mainly on kids. C. Kids can contribute to the society though young. D. The present is a vital period for kid development.
（4）Which of the following words can best describe Jose?
A. Generous. B. Crazy. C. Flexible. D. Influential. 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）C （4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，巴塞拉纳学生银行成立于2012年，是世界上第一家儿童银行。为了开户，孩子们必须携带至少5公斤的固体废物(纸或塑料)，并设定一个储蓄目标。回收的垃圾被卖给当地的回收公司，多亏了Jose，这些公司为巴塞拉纳学生银行成员带来的所有东西支付高于市场的价格。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“the youngster from Arequipa, Peru came up with the innovative idea of an eco-bank, which allows kids of all ages to gain economic independence— while also helping the environment.”可知eco-bank的目的是让孩子们帮助环境和变得经济独立。故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Once accepted, all bank “partners” are required to deposit(存储) at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis and meet other requirements, such as attending financial education and environmental management workshops.”可知所有银行的“合作伙伴”必须每月至少额外存放一公斤可回收物品，并满足其他要求，例如参加金融教育和环境管理研讨会。故选A。
（3）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“By 2013, the bank had over 200 members who brought in one ton of recyclable waste. Today, the eco-bank, which now has the support of several local institutions, has ten educational centers.”可知到2013年，世界银行已有200多名成员，他们带来了一吨可回收垃圾。如今，生态银行已经得到了几个当地机构的支持，拥有十个教育中心。即可知生态银行是给社会带来了贡献的，即划线部分的意思是作为生态银行成员的孩子们虽然年轻，但是可以为社会做贡献。故选C。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“As the teenager says, ‘Together we can change the world. We just need an opportunity.’”可知Jose提到我们可以一起改变世界，我们只是需要一个机会。与上文因为Jose为生态银行成员带来的东西支付高于市场的价格，而使得银行成员有了增加，并得到了当地机构和教育中心的支持，可知Jose是“有影响力的”。故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
8．阅读理解
A new study has found that cats can connect with people in the same way as dogs and children. The research, published in Current Biology, suggests the social abilities of cats to form human attachments has been greatly underestimated. The study notes that more cats live with humans than dogs do worldwide. But historically, more scientific research has centered on the social relationships between people and dogs.
The researchers designed experiments similar to methods used to measure human attachment behaviors. For example, other studies have observed how babies react to being reunited with caregivers after being separated for short periods.
About 70 cats were studied. The hehavior of the animals was observed by experts who divided them into two groups.64 percent were judged to be \"securely attached\" to caregivers, while 36 percent were found to be \"insecurely attached.\" The cats with secure attachments showed several signs of \"reduced stress\" levels, the study found. These cats were found to be more comfortable and effectively balanced their attention between the person and their surroundings. However, the cats with an insecure attachment showed clear signs of stress. These included shaking of the tail, repeated licking or staying completely away from the caregiver.
She added that the results showed that the level of secure and insecure attachments in cats is very close to those measured in human babies. In humans, research has found that 65 percent of babies are also securely attached to their caregivers. The researchers also were interested in finding out if socialization training would change the results.
But after a six-week training program for the cats, there were no major differences. \"Once an attachment style has been established between the cat and its caregiver, it appears to remain relatively stable overtime, even after a training and socialization intervention(干预), \"Vitale said. （1）What does the study mentioned in this passage show? A. Cats' social ability is little thought of.
B. Dogs have more sociable personalities than cats. C. Historically, dog is much smarter than cats. D. Cats have bad social relationships with dogs. （2）What will happen if the cats feel unsafe?
A. They tend to attack their caregivers. B. They are going to shake their tails. C. They will stay close to their caretakers. D. They are likely to balance their attention. （3）What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A. Attachment level in babies is higher than in cats.
B. Training program plays an important role in the results. C. Researchers feel insecure when experimenting with cats.
D. It's hard to make changes to attachment styles between cats and caregivers. 【答案】 （1）A （2）B （3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新的实验研究发现，猫能像小狗和婴儿那样和人之间形成依恋关系，而且这种关系一旦形成就很难改变。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“But historically, more scientific research has centered on the social relationships between people and dogs.”可知，历史上更多的科学研究集中在狗和人的社会关系上，由此推测猫和人的社交关系很少有人考虑到。故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“However, the cats with an insecure attachment showed clear signs of stress. These included shaking of the tail, repeated licking or staying completely away from the caregiver.“可知没有安全感的猫会表现出明显的压力迹象，包括摇尾巴，不停舔舐或远离看护人员。故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的”Once an attachment style has been established between the cat and its caregiver, it appears to remain relatively stable overtime, even after a training and socialization intervention(干预),\" Vitale said.可知猫对看护者的依恋模式一旦形成，就相对稳定，即使通过训练和社会化干预也很难改变。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
9．阅读理解
Smart Kids Festival Events
Smart Kids is a collection of one hundred events scheduled in October. This year, it is experimenting with Pay What You Decide (PWYD). That is, you can decide to pay what you want to or can afford, after you have attended an event. You can pre-book events without paying for a ticket in advance. Here are some of the director's picks. Walk on the Wild Side Not ticketed, Free
Join storyteller Sarah Law to hear science stories about animals. Along the way you'll meet all sorts of beautiful creatures and discover life cycles and food chains. Best suited to children aged 5-9. Children under 8 must be accompanied by an adult. Introduction to Waves Pre-book, PWYD
Subjects range from sound waves to gravity waves, and from waves of light to crashing waves on the ocean. Mike Goldsmith explores the fundamental features shared by all waves in the natural world. Science in the Field Not ticketed, Free
This storytelling night features a scientist sharing his favourite memories of gathering first-hand data on various field trips. Come along for inspiring and informative stories straight from the scientist's mouth. Join Mark Samuels to find out more in this fun-filled workshop. Festival Dinner Pre-book, £25 per person
Whether you want to explore more about food, or just fancy a talk over a meal, join us to mark the first science festival in London. Which foods should you eat to trick your brain into thinking that you are full? Find out more from Tom Crawford. （1）In which event can you decide the payment?
A. Walk on the Wild Side B. Introduction to Waves C. Science in the Field D. Festival Dinner （2）Who will talk about experiences of collecting direct data? A.Sarah Law. B.Mike Goldsmith. C.Mark Samuels. D.Tom Crawford.
（3）What do the four events have in common? A.Family-based. B.Science-themed. C.Picked by children. D.Filled with adventures. 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了Smart Kids收集的在十月份举行的四项以科学会主题的活动，以及各个活动的内容和特色。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“This year, it is experimenting with Pay What You Decide (PWYD). That is, you can decide to pay what you want to or can afford”可知PWYD中你可以决定付款，而四项活动中只有Introduction to Waves有PWYD，故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据Science in the Field 部分中的“This storytelling night features a scientist sharing his favourite memories of gathering first-hand data on various field trips.”可知Mark Samuels会分享他最喜欢的收集各种实地考察第一手数据的记忆。故选C。
（3）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“Join storyteller Sarah Law to hear science stories about animals.”和讲故事的萨拉·劳一起来听关于动物的科学故事；第三段中的“Subjects range from sound waves to gravity waves, and from waves of light to crashing waves on the ocean.”实验对象范围从声波到重力波，从光波到撞击海洋的波浪；第四段中的“This storytelling night features a scientist sharing his favourite memories of gathering first-hand data on various field trips.”这位科学家会分享他最喜欢的收集各种实地考察第一手数据的记忆；以及最后一段中的“ Whether you want to explore more about food, or just fancy a talk over a meal, join us to mark the first science festival in London.”无论你是想探索更多关于食物的知识，还是只是想
边吃边聊，加入我们来纪念伦敦首届科学节吧。可知这四项活动的共同点都是以科学为主题的，故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
10．阅读理解
Almost none of us have the time to read everything we'd like to read. Yet we lose countless hours to daily activities that bring us little joy like taking buses and waiting in line. What if we could turn these little blocks of unoccupied time into precious and rewarding moments for learning and reflection?
Founded in 2012, iReader, a micro-learning app on mobile phones, brings the biggest ideas from best-selling books through 15-minute audio (音频) and text. So far, more than 3,000 books have been included, ranging from psychology and parenting to management and economics, with new titles added every day.
Reader is pioneering a new method of reading, with over 9 million users enjoying the benefits already. According to the Pew Research Center (PRC), the British read just 4 paper books a year and over 25% haven't read a single paper book this year, but reading isn't dying. There are now more ways for the British to read than ever before, due to the widespread use of e-books and audio books.
The books in iReader are rewritten to ensure it is easy to remember the main content. The way the content is edited has been specifically designed to ensure it is useful in practice. Besides, the content is rewritten with relevant examples in real life, which means users are more likely to remember and apply what is helpful to them.
Holger Seim, German co-founder of this app, declares, \"iReader gives you the biggest ideas in the shortest possible time. It transforms great ideas into little packs you can listen to or read in just 15 minutes.\"
（1）What does the author suggest people do in the unoccupied time? A. Read and think. B. Write and share. C. Avoid taking buses. D. Bring joy to daily routines. （2）What can we infer from the PRC findings? A.The British benefit a lot from reading.
B.Reading methods are more important than before. C.Digital technology are taking the place of paper books. D.New forms of books are changing the way the British read. （3）How does iReader make the content easy to remember? A.By bringing fun to it. B.By making it useful. C.By using artistic designs. D.By taking users as examples.
（4）What is the best title for the text? A.iReader Prevents Reading from Dying
B.iReader Unites Worldwide Book-lovers C.iReader: The Best New App Creation D.iReader: Big Ideas in Small Packages 【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）B （4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种阅读方式：iReader。它开创了一种新的阅读方式，已经有超过900万的用户享受到了这种好处，同时也正改变着英国人的阅读方式。
（1）考查细节理解。第一段中的“Almost none of us have the time to read everything we'd like to read.”几乎没有人有时间读我们想读的所有东西；以及最后一段中的“What if we could turn these little blocks of unoccupied time into precious and rewarding moments for learning and reflection?”可知作者认为我们应该把空闲的时间变成宝贵的、有价值的学习和反思的时间，即作者建议我们利用空闲时间来阅读和思考，故选A。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“There are now more ways for the British to read than ever before, due to the widespread use of e-books and audio books.”可知由于电子书和有声书的广泛使用，英国人现在有了比以往更多的阅读方式。即从PRC的发现中我们能得知新的书籍形式正在改变英国人的阅读方式。故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The way the content is edited has been specifically designed to ensure it is useful in practice.”可知iReader通过使得目录有助于实践来让内容更容易记住，故选B。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“iReader gives you the biggest ideas in the shortest possible time. It transforms great ideas into little packs you can listen to or read in just 15 minutes.”可知iReader能在最短的时间内给你最大的想法。它把伟大的想法转化成小包装，你可以在15分钟内听或读。再结合文章内容可知，文章主要是说明了iReader这种新的阅读方式是小包装里的大创意，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
11．阅读理解
Dear young poets, TIME For Kids has a challenge for you: Write a rhyming poem and enter it in the TFK Poetry Contest. It must be a poem that does not copy another poet's works.
How to enter: This contest will begin 12 pm on April 14, 2019 and will end 12 pm on June 14, 2019. To enter online, visit timeforkids.com/2019poetrycontest and follow instructions to submit
the following: (a) an original and previously unpublished poem; (b) the entrant's first name only and e-mail address; (c) a parent's e-mail address. Limit one entry per person or e-mail account. Judging: All entries will be judged by poet Kenn Nesbitt, based on the following criteria: creativity and originality (50%), use of language and rhyme (25%) and appropriateness to contest theme (25%). Winners will be notified by e-mail during the month of July and must respond within five days.
Eligibility (参赛资格)：Open to legal citizens of the United States who are primary school students and are 8 to 13 years old at time of entry.
Prizes: Our judge will select four semifinalists, from whom one grand-prize winner and three finalists will be chosen. The one grand-prize winner will receive an online class visit from Kenn Nesbitt. All the semifinalists will receive a signed copy of Bigfoot Is Missing, which is worth about $ 275. The semifinalists' poems will be published at timeforkids.com. （1）How long will the Poetry Contest last?
A. One month. B. Two months. C. Three months. D. Four months. （2）What does the Poetry Contest value most? A.Whether the poem is novel. B.Whether the poem is humorous. C.Whether the poem is written in rhyme
D.Whether the poem is suitable for the contest theme. （3）What can the finalists get? A.A $ 275 bonus. B.An online class visit. C.The position of assistant editor. D.A signed copy of Bigfoot Is Missing. 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了一项由TIME For Kids举办的诗歌比赛：如何参赛，如何评判，参赛者资格，如何评选获奖等相关信息。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“This contest will begin 12 pm on April 14, 2019 and will end 12 pm on June 14, 2019.”本次比赛将于2019年4月14日下午12点开始，2019年6月14日下午12点结束。可知，此次比赛历时2个月。故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“All entries will be judged by poet Kenn Nesbitt, based on the following criteria: creativity and originality (50%), use of language and rhyme (25%) and appropriateness to contest theme (25%).”所有参赛作品将由诗人Kenn Nesbitt根据以下标准进行评判:创造力和原创性(50%)，语言和韵律的使用(25%)和主题的适当性(25%)。可知，创新性占据50%，可以推断出此次比赛看重创新性。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“All the semifinalists will receive a signed copy of Bigfoot Is Missing, which is worth about $ 275. The semifinalists' poems will be published at timeforkids.com.”所有的半决赛选手都会收到一份签名版的《大脚怪》，价值约275美元。
半决赛选手的诗作将在timeforkids.com上发表。参加半决赛的选手包含决赛选手，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读。考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
12．阅读理解
In 1953, a mountain climber reported seeing a bar-headed goose soar over the peak of Mount Everest (珠穆朗玛). It was thought impossible. Now researchers who raised 19 of the geese—named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads—have shown the birds really fly so high. The team trained the youngsters to fly in a large wind tunnel wearing backpacks and face masks full of sensors that recorded their heart rate. blood oxygen levels, temperature, and metabolic rate—how many calories they burned per hour. The researchers simulated(模拟)10w-, medium-, and high-altitude conditions by altering the concentration of oxygen supplied to face masks worn by each goose as it flew in the tunnel.
Birds already have a better heart and lungs than mammals for sustained physical activity. And researchers knew that bar-headed geese have even larger, thinner lungs that let them breathe more deeply and an even bigger heart to pump more oxygen to muscles than other birds. The wind tunnel experiments showed that when the concentration of oxygen was at its lowest-like the 7% found on top of Mount Everest versus 21% at sea level—the geese's heart rate and frequency of wing beats remained the same even as their metabolic rate dropped. Somehow, the birds managed to cool down their blood-the measured blood temperature dropped so it could take in more oxygen, the researchers report today in eLife. This cooling likely helps compensate for the very thin air, the team says.
Although well trained, the birds were only willing to stay in the air a few minutes-or less when wearing their backpacks and flying at 6ihigh\" altitudes. So it's not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest. But those few minutes showed these geese really could fly over the top of Mount Everest. （1）Why did the researchers raise 19 bar-headed geese and train them? A. To test the flying height and speed of them. B. To confirm they could fly over Mount Everest. C. To observe them flying through the wind tunnel. D. To see how many calories they burned per hour.
（2）What can we learn from the wind tunnel experiment? A. It was carried out at very high altitude.
B. The geese managed to breathe less when their blood decreased. C. The geese could live through the lowest concentration of oxygen. D. It shows the geese could fly at high altitude for long. （3）What still puzzles scientists about the geese? A. Whether they have super hearts and lungs. B. Whether they have muscles pumped more oxygen to. C. Whether they are willing to wear backpacks and face masks.
D. Whether they can manage to fly 8 hours to climb over Mount Everest. （4）Where does the text most probably come from?
A. A science fiction. B. A climbing guide. C. A travel brochure. D. A science report. 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）D （4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰，为了确认其真实性，研究人员养了18只这种鹅，在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。结果发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚不明确。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的\"In 1953, a mountain climber reported seeing a bar-headed goose soar over the peak of Mount Everest. It was thought impossible.\" 报道说，一名登山者看到一只斑头鹅飞过珠穆朗玛峰。人们认为这是不可能的；以及\" Now researchers who raised 19 of the geese-named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads-have shown the birds really fly so high.\"现在研究人员饲养了这种鹅，他们发现这些鹅真的飞得很高。再根据最后一段中的\"So it's not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest. But those few minutes showed these geese really could fly over the top of Mount Everest.\"但是否能让这种鹅飞8小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰尚不清楚。由此可推断出研究人员饲养这种鹅是为了证实这种鹅是否能飞过珠峰。故选B。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的\"The wind tunnel experiments showed that when the concentration of oxygen ...the geese's heart rate and frequency of wing beats remained the same even as their metabolic rate dropped....the researchers report today in elife. This cooling likely helps comp\"可知 风洞实验表明，当氧气浓度最低时，鹅的心率和翅膀搏动频率保持不变，即使它们的新陈代谢率下降。研究人员今天在《伊利费》杂志上报道说，...这种降温可能有助于补偿空气的稀薄；第五段中的\"Although well trained, the birds were only willing to stay in the air a few minutes-or less ...\" 尽管训练有素，但这些鸟只愿意在空中呆上几分钟。这两处综合推断出，鹅可以在最低浓度的氧气中生存。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的\"So it's not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest.\" 可知，目前尚不清楚的是，只有这些适应性变化能否可以飞行8小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰。故选D。 （4）考查推理判断。第一段中提到登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰。为了证实是否可能，研究人员养了18只这种鹅，并在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。结果发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚不明确。由此可知本文属于科普文章。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行分逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
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