在职艺术硕士(MFA)全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)

在职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷3 (题后含答

案及解析)

全部题型 3. 英文阅读理解题

英文阅读理解题

People living on parts of the south coast of England face a serious problem. In 1993, the owners of a large hotel and of several houses discovered, to their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight. The sea had eaten into the soft limestone cliffs on which they had been built. While experts were studying the problem, the hotel and several houses disappeared altogether, sliding down the cliff and into the sea. Erosion (侵蚀) of the white cliffs along the south coast of England has always been a problem but it has become more serious in recent years. Dozens of homes have had to be abandoned as the sea has crept farther and farther inland. Experts have studied the areas most affected and have drawn up a map for local people, forecasting the year in which their homes will be swallowed up by the hungry sea. Angry owners have called on the Government to erect sea defenses to protect their homes. Government surveyors have pointed out that in most cases, this is impossible. New sea walls would cost hundreds of millions of pounds and would merely make the waves and currents go further along the coast, shifting the problem from one area to another. The danger is likely to continue, they say, until the waves reach an inland area of hard rock which will not be eaten as limestone is. Meanwhile, if you want to buy a cheap house with an uncertain future, apply to a house agent in one of the threatened areas on the south coast of England. You can get a house for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be a knockdown home. (282 words)

1． What is the cause of the problem that people living on parts of the south coast of England face?

A．The disappearance of hotels, houses and gardens. B．The experts’ lack of knowledge.

C．The washing-away of limestone cliffs. D．The rising of the sea level.

正确答案：C

解析：本题属于细节推断题。文章第一段谈到主题：生活在英国南海岸的人们发现了令人震惊的事情：一夜之间他们的花园消失得无影无踪。原因是什么呢?原来，海水侵蚀了建筑物下层柔软的石灰石。从四个选项来看，A、B在文中没有提及，D是现象而非问题的起因，显然答案为C。 知识模块：英文阅读理解

2． The erosion of the white cliffs in the south of England______. A．will soon become a problem for people living in central England B．has now become a threat to the local residents C．is quickly changing the map of England D．can be stopped if proper measures are taken

正确答案：B

解析：本题属于综合理解题。第二段第一句直接谈到，在英国南海岸海水侵蚀白色悬崖的问题长期存在，但最近几年变得尤为严重。选项A中“central England”与文意不符；选项C在文中并未涉及；选项D与文意不符，故正确答案为B。 知识模块：英文阅读理解

3． The experts’ study on the problem of erosion can______. A．warn people whose homes are in danger B．provide an effective way to slow it down C．help to prevent it from worsening D．lead to its eventual solution

正确答案：A

解析：本题属于综合归纳题。在文中第二段最后一句谈到，专家对情况最严重的地方进行研究，并且为当地居民画了一幅图，预报在哪一年他们的房子将被海水吞噬。实际上，他们只能提醒人们采取预防措施，并未提出任何实质性的解决办法。故正确答案为A。 知识模块：英文阅读理解

4． It is not feasible to build sea defenses to protect against erosion because______.

A．the government is too slow in taking action

B．it is too costly and will endanger neighboring areas

C．they will be easily knocked down by waves and currents D．house agents along the coast do not support the idea

正确答案：B

解析：本题为细节理解题。文中最后一段提到：建筑物的所有者很愤怒，要求政府建造防护墙来保护他们的家园。而政府勘测员则指出这几乎不可能。原因有两点：一是建防护墙耗资巨大(cost hundreds of millions of pounds)；二是即使建成了防护墙。也只会使波浪和水流沿着海岸线前进，从而使侵蚀从一个地方转移到另一个地方(shifting the problem from one area to another)。故答案为B。 知识模块：英文阅读理解

5． According to the author, when buying a house along the south coast of England, people should______.

A．examine the house carefully before making a decision B．guard against being cheated by the house agent

C．take the quality of the house into consideration D．be aware of the potential danger involved

正确答案：D

解析：本题属于推断题。在文章结尾，作者幽默地说到如果你想买一幢前途不定的房子，那就向英国南海岸危险地区的售房代理商提出申请。可能你会买到价格最低的房子，但是，房子最终可能会被海水破坏。文中的“knockdown”一语双关。“a knockdown price”意为“最低的价格”；“a knockdown home”意为“坍塌的家”。作者的言下之意很明显是在提醒人们注意隐患。故正确答案为D。 知识模块：英文阅读理解

Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes (运动员). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable. The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves. Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout. (278 words)

6． An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is______. A．to reduce their mental stress B．to make sports more challenging C．to make sports less competitive D．to increase their sense of success

正确答案：A

解析：本题属于细节题。文中第一段谈到，来自教练、父母、队友的批评及对成功的渴望使年轻运动员过分焦急，身心压力颇重。这些压力导致他们不愿参加原本喜爱的活动。因此，要想使他们不放弃，必须减少他们的压力，尤其是心

理压力。故答案为A。 知识模块：英文阅读理解

7． According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that______. A．it can help them learn more about society

B．it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves C．it can provide them with valuable experiences D．it enables them to find flaws in themselves

正确答案：C

解析：本题属于细节理解题。文中第二段第二句：“The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place”表明体育运动的积极作用。接下来作者具体展开，谈到运动员在他们的运动中可以学到的东西。A、D两项文中并未直接涉及，B项与文章主旨不符，故C“体育运动给他们提供有意义的经历”为正确答案。 知识模块：英文阅读理解

8． Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes______.

A．in order to make them remember life’s lessons

B．without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidence C．believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development D．so as to put more pressure on them

正确答案：B

解析：本题属于细节推断题。A、C、D三项虽然可以推测出来，但作者并未说明，故不能选为正确答案。文章第二段最后一句说：“Youngsters may take their parents’and coaches’criticisms to heart and find a flaw in themselves”，与选项B中所述相吻合，所以正确答案为B“没意识到批评会损害他们的自信心”。 知识模块：英文阅读理解

9． According to the passage parents and coaches should______. A．help children to win every game B．train children to cope with stress

C．enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports D．pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports

正确答案：D

解析：本题属于主旨题。综观全文，文章旨在强调父母、教练不应对年轻运动员施加过多的压力，以免使他们失去了运动中的乐趣。B、C两项显然不正确。文章结尾处谈到父母、教练应对年轻运动员多予以肯定，少一些批评指责，而不应过多地注重结果。故A也不正确。只有D“更关注孩子是否享受运动”符合题意。 知识模块：英文阅读理解

10． The author’s purpose in writing the passage is______. A．to persuade young children not to worry about criticism

B．to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement C．to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to children D．to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout

正确答案：C

解析：本题属于写作意图判断题。文章最后一段的“Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism”表明了作者的意图为选项C中所述内容。B、D文中均未涉及，A则是为了引出主旨，而非作者的主要写作目的。故C为正确答案。 知识模块：英文阅读理解

Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts (干旱) are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the world’ population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis. But that doesn’t have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world—if we start valuing water more than we have in the past, just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil Crisis. Today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want. Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs. Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation (灌溉) water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions (凹地) and pumping it to nearby cropland. No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy. (289 words)

11． What is the real cause of the potential water crisis? A．The world population is increasing faster and faster.

B．Half of the world’s water resources have been seriously polluted. C．Only half of the world’s water can be used.

D．Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.

正确答案：D

解析：本题属于细节归纳题。人口问题、污染问题及有限的可利用水资源都是潜在的“水危机”的原因。但这些只是表面现象，真正的本质原因是人们没有“valuing water，looking at water from a fresh economic perspective”，故正确答案为D。 知识模块：英文阅读理解

12． As indicated in the passage, the water problem______. A．is already serious in certain parts of the world B．has been exaggerated by some experts in the field

C．poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs

D．is underestimated by government organizations at different levels

正确答案：A

解析：本题属于细节判断题。选项B不正确，因为专家们并没有夸张。如果不重视水资源的价值，不有效地利用它，肯定有一天会面临危机的。第三、四段谈到政府应采取的一些措施，与选项D所述无关。选项C文中并未涉及。而在文章开头，作者就提到“Yet oecurrenees of shortages and droughts are causing famine and distressing in some areas”，故正确答案为A。 知识模块：英文阅读理解

13． According to the author, the water price should______. A．stimulate domestic demand B．be reduced to the minimum C．correspond to its real value

D．take into account the occurrences of droughts

正确答案：C

解析：本题属于观点判断题。综观全文，作者旨在表明他的观点：人们要充分认识水资源的价值，节约用水，以免出现水危机。因此，A“刺激国内需求”、B“降低水的价格”都不正确，选项D看似合理，但非作者的意图。正确答案为C。 知识模块：英文阅读理解

14． The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to______. A．build big lakes to store water B．construct big pumping stations

C．build small and cheap irrigation systems D．channel water from nearby rivers to cropland

正确答案：C 解析：本题属于细节理解题。答案在文中显而易见，第四段谈到“For example，often the cheapest way to provide irrigation water in the dry tropics is through small—scale projects，such as gathering rainfall in depressions and pumping it to nearly cropland．”通过“small—scale”一词即可选出正确答案C。A、B与文章内容不符，选项D未提及。 知识模块：英文阅读理解

15． In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to______.

A．increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels B．centralize the management of water resources

C．guarantee full protection of the environment

D．encourage local and regional control of water resources

正确答案：B

解析：本题属于细节理解题。文章最后一句中的“countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy”表明了正确答案。为了有效地利用水资源，政府应对其实行中央集权的管理，制定出统一的用水政策。因此答案是B。 知识模块：英文阅读理解

Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will spoil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting. One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train it. Obedience training doesn’t solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training pens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do. Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,” it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the pack (群) by using extreme measure. You can teach your dog its subordinate (从属的) role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge. Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal. (278 words)

16． Behavior problems of dogs are believed to______. A．be just part of their nature B．worsen in modern society C．occur when they go wild

D．present a threat to the community

正确答案：A

解析：本题属于细节推理题。根据关键词“behavior problems”定位到文章的第一段第三句话。“normal dog activities”=“part of their nature”，所以选A“是它们天性的一部分”。B“在现代社会变得更加恶劣”，文中没有提及古代、现代或当代。C“在它们变疯时发生”，这是利用文章中的“wild animals”的“wild”的多义进行干扰，“wild animals”中的“wild”表示“野生的，未经驯服的”，而在“go wild”中却表示“疯狂的”，因此可排除。D“对社会构成了危害”，这是

利用未经训练的狗的恶劣行径来进行干扰，文章的后半部分已经指出了解决方法。 知识模块：英文阅读理解

17． The primary purpose of obedience training is to______. A．teach the dog to perform clever tricks

B．make the dog aware of its owner’s authority C．provide the dog with outlets for its wild behavior D．enable the dog to regain its normal behavior

正确答案：C

解析：本题属于细节推理题。从第一段第一句话和最后一句话判断选项C正确。驯服的主要目的是使狗能有正常的行为，而并非选项A中提到的“训练狗仅是需要它耍几个花样而已”。D“让狗恢复其正常行为”，恰恰与本文主旨相反。 知识模块：英文阅读理解

18． Effective communication between a dog and its owner is______. A．essential to solving the dog’s behavior problems B．the foundation for dogs to perform tasks C．a good way to teach the dog new tricks D．an extreme measure in obedience training

正确答案：B

解析：本题属于细节推理题。根据题干中的“Effective communication”可以定位到第二段的最后一句话，“necessary”替换成了“foundation”，“to instruct your dog about what you want it to do”=“for dogs to perform tasks”，所以应选B“让狗执行任务的基础”。 知识模块：英文阅读理解

19． Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters? A．To avoid being punished.

B．To show their affection for their masters. C．To win leadership of the dog pack. D．To show their willingness to obey.

正确答案：D

解析：本题属于综合推理题。从本题问句分析，大部分宠物狗喜欢为主人表演花样，是因为它们只有经过训练之后才能达到这个要求，愿意服从主人的意愿。从第三段最后一句“大多数狗喜欢耍花样以表示它们愿意接受你的掌管”，题干中“master”替换“incharge”，“pleasantly accept”=“willingness to obey”，便可知答案为D。 知识模块：英文阅读理解

20． When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner______. A．can give the dog more rewards B．will enjoy a better family life C．can give the dog more freedom

D．will have more confidence in himself

正确答案：C

解析：本题属于细节推理题。根据题干中的关键词“effective obedience training”可以定位到最后一段，“well—trained”=“received effective obedience training”，“a greater amount of freedom”=“more freedom”。因此答案是C。狗只有经过主人的严格训练之后，才能得到更多的自由和活动范围，因为它行为上的问题，即粗野习性已得到克服，主人再不会为此而担心。 知识模块：英文阅读理解