2018年政府工作报告常见表达及翻译技巧

2018年政府工作报告常见表达及翻译技巧

【贡献率、增加趋势、年均增长常用表达】

国内生产总值从54万亿元增加到82.7万亿元，年均增长7.1%， 占世界经济比重从11.4%提高到15%左右， 对世界经济增长贡献率超过30%。

财政收入从11.7万亿元增加到17.3万亿元。 居民消费价格年均上涨1.9%，保持较低水平。

China’s gross domestic product (GDP) has risen from 54 trillion to 82.7 trillion yuan, registering average annual growth\\increase of 7.1 percent;

its share in the global economy has grown to roughly 15 percent, up from 11.4 percent. China’s contribution to global growth has exceeded 30 percent.

Government revenue has increased from 11.7 trillion to 17.3 trillion yuan. Consumer prices rose at an average annual rate of 1.9 percent, maintaining（前项造成的结果或是带来的影响用V-ing） a relatively low level of growth.

【再如： 消费贡献率由54.9%提高到58.8%，服务业比重从45.3%上升到51.6%，

With the share of the service sector rising from 45.3 to 51.6 percent of the economy, consumption’s contribution to growth has increased from 54.9 to 58.8 percent,】

【“加强”常见搭配】

加强两岸经济文化交流合作

strengthened cross-Strait economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation 加强定向调控、相机调控、精准调控

enhanced targeted, well-timed, and precision regulation 加强地方政府债务管理

strengthened management over local government debt 注重加强宏观调控、市场监管和公共服务

done more to improve macro regulation, market regulation, and public services.

以企业为主体加强技术创新体系建设

boosted the development of a system for technological innovation 加强援藏援疆援青工作

strengthened aid work in Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai. 加强生态环境保护

strengthen environmental protection 加强党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争

done more to improve Party conduct, build a clean government, and fight corruption

着力加强和创新社会治理

focused on enhancing and developing new forms of social governance

【“增强”的表达： growing、比较级（more、better）、boosting、strengthen】

【“着力”常见搭配】 着力创新和完善宏观调控

focused on developing new and better approaches\\ways to macro regulation made fresh innovations in and refined macro regulation 着力推进供给侧结构性改革

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made strong moves to advance supply-side structural reform 着力激发社会创造力

a focus on unlocking public creativity 着力破除体制机制弊端

have taken major steps to remove institutional barriers 着力推动平衡发展

have promoted more balanced development 着力保障和改善民生

have endeavored to ensure and improve living standards 【“加大...力度”常见搭配】 加大去产能力度

have intensified efforts to cut overcapacity

加大对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、贫困地区扶持力度

have stepped up support for old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and poor areas, 加大对各类学校家庭困难学生资助力度

have increased financial aid to students from financially-challenged families studying in all types of schools

突出重点加大补短板力度

have stepped up efforts to strengthen areas of weakness, with a focus on key issues. 【“加快”常见搭配】 先进制造业加快发展。

has accelerated the development of advanced manufacturing. 加快新旧发展动能接续转换

sped up the replacement of old growth drivers 加快转变政府职能

have sped up efforts to transform government functions 分级诊疗和医联体建设加快推进

the development of tiered medical diagnosis and treatment and healthcare consortiums has picked up pace.

加快发展文化事业

have moved faster to develop cultural programs 支持民族地区加快发展

supported faster development in areas with large ethnic minority populations 新的增长极增长带加快成长

Seen（施力者采取某项措施后自然而然得到的结果） new growth poles and belts developing faster. 【“坚持”常见搭配】

坚持一个中国原则和“九二共识”

have upheld the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus 坚持稳中求进工作总基调

with a commitment to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability

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坚持实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策

have continued to follow a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy 坚持教育优先发展

We have been committed to prioritizing the development of education 【“推进”常见搭配】

统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局，协调推进“四个全面”战略布局

We have moved forward with the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan* and the Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy**, 着力推进供给侧结构性改革

made strong moves to advance supply-side structural reform 扎实推进“三去一降一补”

Solid work has moved us forward in the five priority tasks of cutting overcapacity, reducing excess inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakness 实施“中国制造2025”，推进工业强基、智能制造、绿色制造等重大工程

Implementation of the Made in China 2025 Initiative has brought progress in major projects like the building of robust industrial foundations, smart manufacturing, and green manufacturing, 国企国资改革扎实推进

Solid progress has been made in the reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and state assets 推进农村承包地“三权”分置改革

We have pursued reform to separate rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and use rights, 推进国际产能合作

We have moved forward with international cooperation on production capacity 全面推进精准扶贫、精准脱贫

We have made comprehensive moves in targeted poverty reduction and alleviation 推进重点行业节能减排

pushed for progress in energy conservation and emission reductions in key industries 推进重大生态保护和修复工程

We have pursued major ecological conservation and restoration projects 民族、宗教、侨务等工作创新推进

made new improvements in work related to ethnic groups, religion, and overseas Chinese nationals. 深入推进政治建军、改革强军、科技兴军、依法治军

taken extensive steps to see that the armed forces are built on political loyalty, strengthened through reform and technology 交流合作深入推进

Exchanges and cooperation have been steadily enhanced 中国特色大国外交全面推进

we have pursued distinctively Chinese major country diplomacy on all fronts. 【“推动”常见搭配】

简政放权、放管结合、优化服务等改革推动政府职能发生深刻转变

Reforms to streamline administration and delegate powers, improve regulation, and optimize services, have driven profound shifts in the functions of government 推动实现更高层次的供需动态平衡

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worked for a dynamic equilibrium of supply and demand at a higher level 推动降低用能、物流、电信等成本。

work has been done to lower energy, logistics, and telecommunications costs. 推动大数据、云计算、物联网广泛应用 promoted the extensive application of

推动大中型商业银行设立普惠金融事业部

encouraged large and medium commercial banks to set up inclusive finance divisions 各领域改革的深化，推动了经济社会持续健康发展。

The deepening of reform in each and every field has given a boost to sustained, healthy economic and social development

倡导和推动共建“一带一路”

We have launched and worked with other countries in the Belt and Road Initiative 积极推动《巴黎协定》签署生效

We worked toward and saw that the Paris Agreement was put into force 【“实施”常见搭配】 “十三五”规划顺利实施

Implementation(战略\\规划\\政策) of the 13th Five-Year Plan has seen smooth progress 制定实施大气、水、土壤污染防治三个“十条”并取得扎实成效

have designed and enforced a ten-point list of measures for each and achieved solid progress 实施地方政府存量债务置换，降低利息负担1.2万亿元

issued local government bonds to replace outstanding debt, cutting interest liability by 1.2 trillion yuan.

实施创新驱动发展战略，优化创新生态，形成多主体协同、全方位推进的创新局面

We have put into action\\effect(制度\\战略) the innovation-driven development strategy and worked to build a better ecosystem for innovation, giving shape to innovation involving multiple actors making across-the-board advances 实施普惠性支持政策

Adopted(政策\\措施) support policies designed to benefit all entrepreneurs and innovators 【附：roll out (model模式)；“落实”的表达：fully implement\horoughly act upon】

【其他常见搭配】

完善：improve(system\\regulations\\mechanisms)

新局面：make new advances on\\embark on a new stage in 建立：be\\put in place\\establish(systems\\schemes) ...等：in..., and more\\and other+N V+N+like\\in+N+like N..., such as..., V被动

V+N, including...

全面：on all fronts(level) \\ in all respects(小康社会) \\ across the board(reform) \\ all(内容\\实体的比例) \\ nationwide(地理上的范围scope) \\ full+N\\fully+V \\ comprehensive \\ extend... to all sectors across the country

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【时政文献翻译技巧】 词汇层面

1. 范畴词不译；例如：具有很强的针对性。cannot be more relevant.

新产业革命进程the new industrial revolution.

2. 数字缩略词释译

一是如果数字缩略语包含的信息量很大且很重要，需要通过在直译后面在加星号(*)，然后在段落结束处另外加以注释

二是如果数字缩略语所包含的信息量不是特别大，可以通过在译文中直接加以释义，“三权”分置改革reform to separate rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and use rights 三是如果数字缩略语涉及的是国家的法律法规或是相关政策措施，信息量极其大，可以采取模糊处理的方法，阐明其作用或是用途，如“约法三章”是为了抑制政府的支出: the three-point State Council decision on curbing government spending. 3. 文化词

一是如果文化词中形象能够被英语读者理解，便可保留，，可以先表达其深层含义，即需要说明的道理，再阐释形象。如“监管不能削足适履、简单套用老办法”mechanically following old regulatory methods will not work, just like one shouldn’t cut the toes to fit new shoes 二是对于一些形象过多的词汇，应删去形象，如例2中的“放水养鱼”，英译时应删去部分形象，挖掘其潜在意，即“政府应出台多项惠企政策” 句法层面

1. 汉语无主句——【添加默认主语】【形式主语It】【语篇回指】【被动语态】

2. 将汉语短句——英语长句（借助介词in、on、of、with）,直接影响用which，间接影响用-ing。 3. 合并同类项——增强政治意识、大局意识、核心意识、看齐意识

strengthened their consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment.

4. 汉语否定——英语肯定（针对否定需采取的措施） 语篇层面

1. 添加总结性衔接性词语，分为前置总结词(as follows\\following\o shore them up)；后置总结词(all these\hese efforts\\Thanks to the above reforms)

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