【Unit3】能力提升题组练B及解析
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(间隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson’sneeds.
ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.
Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.
Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient’ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.
1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?A.Itimpliesanger.
B.Itpromotesfriendship.
C.Itisculture-specific.D.Itiscontent-based.
2.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?A.TheChinese.C.TheMexicans.
B.TheFrench.D.TheRussians.
3.Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?
A.Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.B.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.
C.Evaluateitsharmtopatients.
4.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.SoundandSilence
C.SilencetoNativeAmericans
D.Makeuseofitshealingeffects.
B.WhatItMeanstoBeSilentD.SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下具有不同的内涵。答案及剖析:
1.C推理判断题。根据第一段内容,尤其是第一句Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups可知,人们在交流时,沉默是有文化特性的。故选C项。
2.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.及最后一句Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.内容可知选A项。
3.D细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.可知选D项。
4.B主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间沉默的不同含义。因此B项适合作为本文的标题。
B
BioengineersattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiegohavedevelopedanewbloodtestthatcoulddetect(探测)cancerandlocatewhereinthebodythetumorisgrowing.Thestudycouldprovideawaytodiagnose(诊断)cancerearlyonwithouthavingtodoinvasivesurgicalprocedureslikebiopsies(活组织检查).
CancerbloodtestsworkbyscreeningforDNAreleasedbydyingtumorcells.ThesetestsareshowingpromisefordetectingtracesoftumorDNAinthebloodofcancerpatients.However,theresultsdon’tindicatewherethetumoris.“Knowingthetumor’slocationiscriticalforeffectiveearlydetection,”saidKunZhang,abioengineeringprofessorandseniorauthorofthestudy.
Inthisstudy,Zhangandhisteamdiscoveredanewclueinbloodthatcouldbothdetecttumorcellsandidentifywheretheyare.Whenatumorstartstotakeoverapartofthebody,itcompeteswithnormalcellsfornutrientsandspace,killingthemoffintheprocess.Asnormalcellsdie,theyreleasetheirDNAintothebloodstream—andthatDNAcouldidentifytheaffectedtissue.ThemethodscreensforaparticularDNAsignaturecalledCpGmethylationhaplotypes.Eachtissueinthebodycanbeidentifiedbyitsuniquesignatureofmethylationhaplotypes.
“Wemadethisdiscoverybyaccident.Initially,weweretakingtheconventionalapproachandjustlookingforcancercellsignalsandtryingtofindoutwheretheywerecomingfrom.Butwewerealsoseeingsignalsfromothercellsandrealizedthatifweintegratebothsetsofsignalstogether,wecouldactuallydeterminethepresenceorabsenceofatumor,andwherethetumorisgrowing,”
Zhangsaid.
Todeveloptheirnewmethod,theresearchersputtogetheradatabaseofthecompleteCpGmethylationpatternsof10differentnormaltissues(liver,intestine,colon,lung,brain,kidney,pancreas,spleen,stomachandblood).TheyalsoanalyzedtumorsamplesandbloodsamplesfromcancerpatientsattheUCSanDiegoMooresCancerCentertoputtogetheradatabaseofcancer-specificgeneticmarkers.
Zhangandhisteamthenscreenedbloodsamplesfromindividualswithandwithouttumors.Theylookedforsignalsofthecancermarkersandthetissue-specificmethylationpatterns.Thetestworkslikeadualauthenticationprocess—thecombinationofbothsignals,aboveastatisticalcutoff,isrequiredtoassignapositivematch.
“Thisisaproofofconcept.Tomovethisresearchtotheclinicalstage,weneedtoworkwithoncologists(肿瘤学家)tofurtheroptimize(完善)andimprovethismethod.”Zhangsaid.
5.Accordingtothepassage,thenewbloodtestA.can’tlocatetumorB.issimilartobiopsies
C.makesearlycancerdiagnosisaccurateD.canhelpdyingtumorcellsreleaseDNA
6.Theunderlinedword“them”inPara.3referstoA.tumorcellsC.humanbodies
B.normalcellsD.humantissues
..
7.WhatcanwelearnfromwhatprofessorZhangsaid?A.Itisimpossibletodeterminethelocationoftumors.B.Conventionalapproachisineffectiveintreatingcancer.C.Thediscoverywasquitebeyondscientists’expectations.D.Themethodhasbeenapprovedandputintoclinicalpractice.8.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Morecancerpatientswillreturntonormal.B.Thenewmethodisstillattheprimarystage.C.AcancerDNAdatabaseislikelytobeestablished.D.Thenewmethodwillbeintroducedtomorecountries.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一种新的检测癌症的方法。答案及剖析:
5.C细节理解题。根据第一段中“...havedevelopedanewbloodtest...awaytodiagnosecancerearly...”可知这种新型的验血方法可以使早期的癌症诊断更精确。故选C。
6.B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话可知肿瘤会杀死正常细胞,them指代normalcells,故选B。
7.C推理判断题。根据第五段的第一、二句话可知他们获得这项发现是出乎意料的,故选C。
8.B推理判断题。根据最后一段可知目前这一新方法还在初级阶段。故选B。Ⅱ.语法填空
(2018南昌高三二模)
InAugustIspenttwoweeksworkingattheSaurahadaycarecenter.Ifoundworkingwiththechildrenveryrewarding,asIbelievedIwasmakinga1.(differ)tothechildren’slivesandfuture.WhenIarrivedinKathmanduitwasthestartoftheChitwanElephantFestivalandIthankedthestaffforchangingallprevious2.(timetable),andhelpingmetoexperiencethecultureofthefestival,3.Ienjoyedgreatly.4.mystayinChitwanIexperiencedelephantrides,washingelephantsandIwasluckyenough5.(watch)arareone-hornedrhino(犀牛)calfanditsmother,aswellas6.varietyofotherwildbirdsandanimals.Thestaffwereveryhelpful,makingsurethatIwashavingfunandtakinggoodcareof7.(I).WhenIfirstarrivedinNepaland8.(greet)bythestaff,Icouldreallysensethatthiswasanorganisationwhichisdevotedto9.
(assist)othersandthatreallyshonethrough.WhenIwaswiththem,they
werealwaysthinkingofdifferentwaysto10.(hopeful)helpmorelocalpeopleanditwaswonderfultoseethemsofondofhelpingothers.Soifyouarelookingforamemorable,fantasticexperiencetohelpotherslessfortunatethanus,thenIcertainlyrecommendtheproject.答案及剖析:
1.difference考查名词。makeadifference为固定搭配,意为“有作用、有影响”。2.timetables考查名词。timetable为可数名词,由all可知应用复数。
3.which考查定语从句。此句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为thecultureofthefestival,指物,且从句缺宾语。
4.During考查介词。此处stay为名词,意为“停留、逗留”,during常用于stay前,表示“在……期间”。5.towatch考查非谓语动词。be+形容词+enough+todo是固定搭配。6.a考查冠词。avarietyof为固定搭配。
7.myself考查反身代词。that从句中主语为I,takinggoodcareof的宾语即指主语I,故用反身代词。
8.wasgreeted考查时态语态。I和greet之间为被动关系,描述过去的事用一般过去时。9.assisting考查非谓语动词。bedevotedtodoingsth.是固定搭配。10.hopefully考查副词。副词修饰动词help。Ⅲ.书面表达
(2018河北高三二模)
假定你是李华,最近收到了你的英国朋友Jacob的来信,得知他已被剑桥大学(theUniversityofCambridge)录取。请你写信向他表示祝贺,并就你在大学专业选择上遇到的困惑征求他的意见。注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Onepossibleversion:DearJacob,
Howiseverythinggoing?I’mgladtoreceiveyourletterandknowyou’vebeenadmittedtotheUniversityofCambridge.I’mwritingtooffermywarmestcongratulations.
Iamnowintheprocessofuniversityapplication,strugglingwithwhichmajortochoose.I’masciencestudentinhighschool,soI’msupposedtochoosemajorsrelatedtoscienceandengineering.ButtheproblemsarethatI’mnotsurewheremyinterestliesandwhichmajorshaveabrightprospectthatcanensuremeagoodjob.Doyouhaveanysuggestionsonthechoiceofamajor?
Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldshareyouropinionswithme.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.
Yours,LiHua
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