phonetics the sounds of american english
发音: 美国英语语音
consonants 辅音 vowels 元音
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第一 按发音方法分类(辅音)：
manner (发音)方式
1.stop
爆破音--是指发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍,然后气流冲破
阻碍而发出的音。 2.fricative
摩擦音--由发音器官造成的缝隙使气流产生摩擦而发出
的声音。 3.affricate
塞擦音--有塞音和擦音紧密结合所构成的音，发音时注意
最初形成阻碍部位要完全闭塞，然后渐渐打开。
4.nasal
鼻音--口腔气流通路阻塞,软腭下垂,鼻腔通气发出的声
音。 5.liquid
流音--舌端齿龈测流音 ,舌端紧贴上齿龈,舌前部向硬腭
抬起,气流从舌的一侧或两侧滑出。
6.glide
滑音--指发音器官移向或移离某一发音动作的过度音。
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第二 按发音位置分类(辅音)：
place (发音)位置
1.bilabial
双唇音--由上唇和下唇接触，使语流受阻而构成的一种辅
音。 2.labiodental
唇齿音--由唇与牙齿的咬合而发出的辅音。
3.lingua-dental
舌齿音--牙齿咬着舌头发出的音。
4.palatal
上腭音--舌头贴着上腭发出的音。
5.lingua-velar
软颚音--舌头贴着软颚发出的音。
6.glottal
声门(声带)音--自声门发出的音。
--------------------------------------------------------------
第三 按嗓音分类(辅音)：
voice 嗓音
1.voiced
浊音--振动声带所发出的辅音，除气流受到阻碍外，同时
振动声带发出乐音。
2.voiceless
清音--发音时不振动声带所发出的辅音，即清音纯粹由气
流受阻所构成的且不带乐音。
----------------------------------------
第四 元音的分类：
1.monophthongs 单元音 2.front 前元音 3.central 中元音 4.back 后元音 5.diphthongs 双元音, 复合元音
单元音发音的共性： 1. 舌位不移动； 2. 在发音过程中，
没有摩擦； 3. 不受发音器官的任何阻碍。
单元音发音的特点： 1. 前元音发音时，舌端靠近下齿，舌前部抬高； 2. 中元音发音时，舌端离开下齿，舌中部抬高；
3. 后元音发音时，舌端离开下齿，舌后部抬高。
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作者 48个国际音标表
48个国际音标表 [i:] [E:] [E] [O:] [O] [u:] [A:] [V] [Q] [e]
[ai] [ei] [Oi] [iE] [CE] [uE] [Eu] [au] [p] [t] [d] [k] [g] [f] [v] [s] [z] [T] [D] [S] [Z] [tS] [dZ] [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz] [m] [n]
[N] [h] [r] [l]
[w] [j]
英语国际音标共48个，其中20个元音，20个辅音，3个鼻音，2个半元音，3个似拼音
元音 12个单元音
长元音 [i:] [E:] [O:] [u:] [A:]
短元音 [E] [O] [V] [Q] [e]
8个双元音: [ai] [ei] [Oi] [iE] [CE] [uE] [Eu]
[au] 辅音10对
清辅音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [T] [S] [tS] [tr]
[ts]
浊辅音 [d] [g] [v] [z] [D] [Z] [dZ] [dr] [dz]
3个鼻音 [m] [n]
[N]
3个似拼音 [h]
[r] [l]
2个半元音 [w]
[j]
巧记48个国际音
标
单元音共十二，四二六前中后。 双元音也好背，合口集中八个整。 辅音共计二十八，八对一清又七浊， 四个连对也包括。有气无声清辅音， 有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握。 关于语音的几个
概念: AHD表示美语发音,The American
Heritage Dictionary of the English Language（简称
AHD） KK音标是一套用
于标注美式发音的符号系统, 这是一套最常用的也是最权威的注音法，从此人们把美语标准发音惯称为KK音标。 DJ是根据英国学者Daniel Jones编的英语发音字典 (English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)中的标音而
来. 英式读音根据的是English Pronouncing Dictionary 《英语正音辞典》。它们代表了被称为“Received
Pronuciation”（RP）（标准读音）的读音，这在受过教育的英国人尤其是南部英格兰人中通用。 1888年国际语音
协会 (International
Phonetic Association) 的语言学家便制定出一套可国际通用的语音符号叫国际音标符号 (IPA─International Phonetic Alphabet)，希望以一个符号代表一音，并避免各人使用一套自己的符号所产生的不
便。 音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48
个音素. 音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位. 58英语学习 元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个
元音. 辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音. 开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e 如:kite cake
name bike make take home plane
shine 2)辅音+元音 如:he hi go no do be tree three
hello 闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音 :sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map
head 2)元音+辅音 如: it is of in on up
out ant A chicken is in the kitchen. / A horse is in the
house. A mouse is in the cat’s mouth. A sheep eats some
beef and drinks some green tea
1 元音: 1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie three tree green sheep meet beef
see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean piece receive ceiling 2) 发音字母 i y
e
sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build
miss myth many twenty happy dictionary
defect decide delicious 3) [æ] 发音字母
a
bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 58英语学习网 4) [e] 字母组合
ea e a head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk
hotel yes many any 5) [ε:] 字母组合ir ur ear er or
girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth
heard term her nerd
serve work worm work
world 6) [ε] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e
u
teacher leader remember player speaker farmer
powder doctor actor mayor author tractor
delicious gracious pleasure familiar collar
dollar together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan
china men listen famulus Saturday 7) [a:] 字母组合
ar a car farm card arm
garden fast class last
glass plant aunt
calm 8) [:] 发音字母
u o ou oo up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup
bus
come mother dose brother love
above trouble rough flourish blood flood 9) []字母组合 al or au our ar small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor
store
author caught
autumn four mourn court
bought warm quarrel quarter 10) [] 发音字母
o a
hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not want wash watch 11) [u:] 字母组
合 oo o u food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue full prude 12) 字母组合 oo
ou u o
look good foot book wood should could put full bull pull push woman wolf 13) [ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plain
they grey 14) [ai] 发音字
母 i y bike fine find die nine light night high
my try fly eye 15) [au] 字母组
合 ou ow house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town 16) [εu] 发音字母 o ow oa home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show
flow boat coat goal 17) [] 字母组合
oy oi boy toy joy oil soil voice
choice 18) [iε] 字母组合 eer ear
beer deer ear near here fierce idea 19) [] 字母组合ear air ere pear bear chair air fair there where
care 20) [uε] 字母组合our ower hour tour flower shower 2 容易混淆的元
音 [A] [e] bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said [i：] [ei] real rail greet great mean main
read raid [e] [ai] bet bite red write said side
head hide [aU] [R：]
house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn
[aU] [Q] found fond down done gown gone
town ton [A][Q] fan fun tan tun san son tank tun
3辅音 1) pen pear play pig pour pull
push
2) book big boot bike bread break 3) [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city 4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary 5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k) card cat cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母
c)
fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母
x)
school schedule schema (字母组合
ch)
6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language 7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb 8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean 9) [N] uncle bank English think thank junk 58英
语 sing king morning evening 10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could
goal soul 11) [r] read red
right run room
write 12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough physic photo phone 13) [v] very evening even every voice vest
of
14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音
字母s) license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音
字母c) piece juice science lance space ace (字母
组合ce) 15) [z] zoo zebra
zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those whose 16) [W] think thank three thirty tooth
mouth 17) [T] that this those these though 18) [F] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush
wash nation attention
station social special
sure 19) [V] pleasure 20) [h] hot hop home house horse
how who 21) [w] when what where window wind wood 22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow 23) [tF] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach www.58en.com 24) [dV] age language cabbage vegetable stage
bridge
joy enjoy join July June junk 25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk 26) [dr] dry dream drop drive
drink 27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts 28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods 4容易混淆的辅音
[v] [w] vest west vet wet vine wine very
well s] [W] sink think mass
math miss myth sort sought [z] [T] close cloth breeze breathe
[n] [N] thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing 5字母，组合音节
发音规律 1）a [ei] [æ] [[]
[a:] [R] late private grade bake grape nation station
page active hand bank fan parent family glad flag accept about above formative
machine cinema fast last glass class past father wash what watch
want 2）e [i:] [e] [[]
不发音 appreciate extremely secret
she me he letter left message generate
pebble decide pretty previous result
restore problem prosperous student confident active table
late wife store
lecture 3）i [ai] high price library ice cream wife size
line fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit 4）o [[J] [J:] [Q]
[[] [R] lode host cold note okay old
home lose do who whose
prove love some other mother honey company today tomorrow together control
collect lost hot mock office soft honest 5）u [ju] [Q] [[] university refuse unique universe huge put push pull full bull but brush bucket duck bubble 58英
语学习 support suggest 6）c [k] [s] country camp camera courage
cable city ceiling celebrate cell
cease 7）g [g] [dV] [N]
girl grade glass glade bag flag
village vegetable bridge gentleman gym long song sing morning evening 8) l [l] 读音不
同 listen learn language collect English gorilla world cold soil tall sell cool
animal 9) n [n] [N] moon night noodle number uncle hungry angry young 10) r [r] [[](美
语发音)
right read write grade progress card board door floor form north 11）y [j] [ai] yellow year yell young yolk university country pretty
happy dyke dying fly buy by my 12）ar [a:] [[]
[R:] farm card garden
mark dollar warm quarrel quarter 13) ea [i:] [e]
[ei] [i[] cease season
breathe feature meat please bread breast breath meadow weather great break idea realize 14) ear [[:] [i[] learn earth earn
heard hear near clear
ear fear
15) er [[:] [[]
[i[] deserve serve her person teacher driver anger singer serious experience mysterious
fierce 16） ere [i[]
[Z[] here mere fere
sere there 17) ir [[:] [ai] shirt girl skirt admire desire 18) oo [u:] [Q]
[R:] room tool cool moon noon goof
food good foot stood wood wool cook wood book blood flood door floor 19) or [ R:] [[:]
[[]
short form corn
born for work world worm word worst tractor doctor actor sector senior senator 20) oor [ R:]
[J[] door floor moor poor boor 21) our [J[] [R:] hour tour flour bourn lour pour court four
mourn 22) ou [au] [Q]
[[] house mouth mouse sound found enough trouble
touch
delicious gracious prosperous 23) ow [[J] [au] window meadow know show low now town how down
cow
24) se [z] [s] nose suppose gose lose pose
rose mouse house 25) th [W] [T] thank think thought cloth 58
英语学习 clothes that this then than 26) sion [F[n]
[V[n] propulsion tension progression passion protrusion provision conclusion television 27) tion [F[n] [ tF[n](不常见) station nation translation attention question
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