论述 expound(explain), state 引入 introduce into 相应的 corresponding 观点 conception 概论 overview 概率 probability
观点化 conceptualize 宏观的 macroscopic 增补 complement 规划 plan
证明 demonstrate, certify, attest 证明 confirmation
赔偿 compensate, make up, imburse 算法 algorithm 鉴别式
discriminant
有限元方法 finite element method(FEM) 样本单元法 sample element method(SEM)
赤平投影法 stereographic projection method(SPM) 赤平投影 stereographic projection
扰乱位移法 interference displacement method(IDM)扰乱能量法 interference energy method(IEM) 条分法
method of slices
极限均衡法 limit equilibrium method 界面元法 boundary element method 模拟
simulate
计算程序 computer program 数值剖析 numerical analysis 计算工作量 calculation load
解的独一性 uniqueness of solution 多层结构模型 laminated model 非线性
nonlinear
横观各向同性 lateral isotropy 各向同性 isotropy 各向异性 anisotropy
非均质性 heterogeneity
界限条件 boundary condition 本构方程 constitutive equation 初始条件 initial condition 初始状态 rest condition
岩土工程 geotechnical engineering, 土木匠程 civil engineering
基础工程 foundation engineering
最不利滑面 the most dangerous slip surface 交替 alternate 控制论
cybernetics
大批现场检查 mass field surveys 组合式 combined type 互相作用 interaction
稳固性评论 stability evaluation 均质性 homogeneity 介质 medium
层 layer, stratum 组构
fabric
1 地形地貌 geographic and geomorphic
工程地质条件 engineering geological conditions
地形地貌条件 geographic and geomorphic conditions 地形 land form 地貌 geomorphology, relief 微地貌 microrelief 地貌单元 landform unit, geomorphic unit 坡度 grade 地形图 relief map 河谷
river valley 河流 河床 冲沟 河漫滩 阶地
冲积平原 三角洲 古河流 冲积扇 洪积扇 坡积裙 分水岭 盆地
岩溶地貌 溶洞 落水洞 土洞
2 地层岩性 地层 岩性 岩体 岩层 岩层 母岩 相变 硬质岩 软质岩 硬质的 软质的 基岩 岩组 覆盖层 交织层理 层面 片理 层理
板理(叶理)波痕 泥痕 雨痕
造岩矿物 黏土矿物 高岭土 蒙脱石 伊利石 云母 白云母 黑云母 石英 长石 正长石 斜长石 辉石 角闪石 方解石 结构 结构 组构
矿物构成 结晶质 非晶质 产状 火成岩
1
river course
river bed(channel)
gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook) floodplain(valley flat) terrace
alluvial plain delta
fossil river course, fossil stream channel alluvial fan diluvial fan talus apron divide basin
karst land feature, karst landform solution cave, karst cave sinkhole
Karstic earth cave
geostrome (stratum, strata)
lithologic character, rock property rock mass bed stratum
layer, rock stratum matrix, parent rock facies change strong rock, film weak rock competent incompetent bedrock petrofabric overburden cross bedding bedding plane schistosity bedding foliation
ripple-mark mud crack
raindrop imprints
rock-forming minerals clay mineral kaolinite
montmorillonite illite mica
muscovite biotite quartz feldspar orthoclase plagioclase
pyroxene, picrite hornblende calcite structure texture
fabric(tissue)
mineral composition crystalline amorphous attitude igneous
12
岩浆岩 magmatic rock 火山岩(熔岩) lava 粗粒 coarse grain 中粒 medium-grained 火山 侵入岩 喷出岩 深成岩 浅成岩 酸性岩 中性岩 基性岩 超基性岩 岩基 岩脉(墙) 岩株 岩流 岩盖 岩盆 岩墙 岩床 岩脉 花岗岩 斑岩 玢岩 流纹岩 正长岩 粗面岩 闪长岩 安山岩 辉长岩 玄武岩 细晶岩 伟晶岩 煌斑岩 辉绿岩 橄榄岩 黑曜岩 浮岩 火山角砾岩 火山集块岩 凝灰岩 堆积岩 碎屑岩 黏土岩 粉砂质黏土岩化学岩 生物岩 砾岩 角砾岩 砂岩 石英砂岩 粉砂岩 钙质粉砂岩 泥岩 页岩 盐岩 石灰岩 白云岩 泥灰岩 泥钙岩 泥砂岩 砂质 泥质 硅质的 有机质
volcano intrusive(invade) rock effusive rock plutonic rock pypabysal rock acid rock inter-mediate rock basic rock ultrabasic rock rock base (batholith) dike rock stock rock flow rock laccolith (laccolite)rock lopolith rock dike rock sill vein dyke granite porphyry porphyrite rhyolite syenite trachyte diorite andesite gabbro basalt aplite pegmatite lamprophyre diabase dunite obsidian pumice vulcanic breccia volcanic agglomerate tuff sedimentary rock clastic rock clay rock
silty claystone chemical rock biolith conglomerate breccia sandstone quartz sandstone siltstone calcareous siltstone mudstone shale saline limestone dolomite marl argillo-calcareous argillo-arenaceous arenaceous argillaceous siliceous organic matter 堆积物 sediment (deposit) 漂石、顽石 boulder 卵石 cobble 砾石 gravel 砂 sand 粉土 silt 黏土 clay 粘粒 clay grain 砂质黏土 sandy clay 粘质砂土 clayey sand 壤土、亚黏土 loam
砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚黏土sandy loam 浮土、表土 regolith (topsoil) 黄土 loess 红土 laterite 泥灰 peat 软泥 ooze 淤泥 mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clay 冲积物(层) alluvion 冲积的 alluvial
洪积物(层) proluvium, diluvium, diluvion 洪积的 diluvial 坡积物(层) deluvium 残积物(层) eluvium 残积的 eluvial 风积物(层) eolian deposits 湖积物(层) lake deposits 海积物(层) marine deposits
冰川堆积物(层) glacier (drift)deposits 崩积物(层) colluvial deposits, colluvium 残积黏土 residual clay 变质岩 metamorphic rock 板岩 slate 千枚岩 phyllite 片岩 schist 片麻岩 gneiss 石英岩 quartzite 大理岩 marble 糜棱岩 mylonite 混淆岩 migmatite 碎裂岩 cataclasite
3 地质结构
地质结构 geologic structure 结构结构 structural texture 大地结构 geotectonic 结构运动 tectogenesis 造山运动 orogeny
起落运动 vertical movement 水平运动 horizontal movement 完好性 perfection(integrity) 起伏度 waviness 尺寸效应 size effect
围压效应 confining pressure effect 产状因素 elements of attitude 产状 attitude, orientation 走向 strike 偏向 dip
倾角 dip angle, angle of dip 褶皱 fold 褶曲 fold
单斜
monocline
2
向斜 syncline 背斜 anticline 穹隆 dome 挤压 squeeze 上盘 upper section 下盘 bottom wall, footwall, lower wall 断距 separation 订交 intersect 断层 fault 正断层 normal fault 逆断层 reversed fault 平移断层 parallel fault 层理 bedding, stratification
微层理 light stratification 地堑 graben 地垒 horst, fault ridge 断层泥 gouge, pug, selvage, fault gouge 擦痕 stria, striation 断裂 fracture 破裂带 fracture zone 节理 joint 节理组 joint set 裂隙 fissure, crack 微裂隙 fine fissure, microscopic fissure 劈理 cleavage 原生裂隙 original joint 次生裂隙 epigenetic joint 张裂隙 tension joint 剪裂隙 shear joint 卸荷裂隙 relief crack 裂隙率 fracture porosity 结构种类 structural pattern 岩体结构 rock mass structure 岩块 block mass 结构体 structural element 块度 blockness
结构面 structural plane 脆弱结构面 weak plane 临空面 free face 碎裂结构 cataclastic texture 板状结构 platy structure 薄板状 lamellose 块状的 lumpy, massive 层状的 laminated 巨厚层 giant thick-laminated 薄层状的 finely laminated 脆弱夹层 weak intercalated layer 夹层 inter bedding,
intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer
夹泥层 clayey intercalation 夹泥 inter-clay 连通性 connectivity 切层 insequent 影响带 affecting zone 完好性 integrity n.
Integrate v. & a.
degree of integrality 破裂 crumble 胶结 cement 泥化 argillization 尖灭 taper-out 错动 diastrophism 错动层面 faulted bedding plane 断续的
intermittent 破裂
共轭节理 散状
透镜状的 岩石碎片 岩屑 薄膜 层理 高角度 缓倾角 反倾 互层
起伏的
波状起伏的 粒径 结构层 挤压 均一的
剪切错动面 切割 切割的 致密 结构岩 糜棱岩
断层角砾岩 方解石脉 碎块岩 角砾 岩粉 岩屑 固结
定向摆列 结构应力 剩余应力
4 水文地质条件水文循环 大气圈 水圈 岩石圈 地表径流 地下径流 流域
流域面积 汇水面积 地下水 地表水 大气水 气态水 液态水 固态水 上层滞水 潜水 承压水 吸着水 介质 缝隙
孔隙水压力 浸透压力 扬压力 静水压力 外静水压力 动水压力
3
3
crumble conjugated joint loose
lens-shaped a. crag cuttings, debris membrane, film stratification high dip angle low dip angle anti-dip interbed v. Interbedding n. unplanar
undulate, undulating particle size tectonosphere compression homogeneous
shear faulted, bedding zone dissection dissected close, compact tectonite mylonite fault breccia calcite vein clastic rock breccia rock powder debris, debry consolidation oriented spread tectonic stress residual stress
hydrogeological conditions hydrologic cycle atmosphere hydrosphere geosphere surface runoff
subsurface runoff
valley, drainage basin
drainage area, river basin area catchment area
ground water, subsurface water surface water
atmospheric water
aqueous (vapour) water liquid water solid water perched water phreatic water confined water
hygroscopic (adsorptive) water medium void
pore water pressure
osmotic pressure, seepage force uplift pressure
hydrostatic pressure
external hydrostatic pressure hydrodynamic pressure
浸透力 seepage pressure 外水压力 external water pressure 内水压力 internal water pressure 水力联系 hydraulic interrelation 水力折减系数 hydraulic reduction coefficient 水头损失 water head loss 浸透门路 filtration path, seepage path 浸透系数 penetration coefficient 潜水位 water table level 水位 water level, stage level 水头 water head 含水层 aquifer 弱含水层(弱透水层) aquitard 滞水层 aquiclude 透水层 permeable layer, pervious layer 不透水层(隔水层) aquifuge, impervious layer,
impermeable layer, aquiclude 潜水含水层 phreatic aquifer 承压含水层 confined aquifer, artesian aquifer 承压面 bearing surface 潜水面 phreatic surface, water table 浸润线 phreatic curve 不透水界限 impervious boundary 地下分水岭 groundwater ridge 粘滞性 viscosity 富水性 abundance 透水性(浸透性) permeability
淋滤(溶滤作用) lixiviation, leaching 反滤层 inverted gravel filter 水锈 incrustation 渗滴 seep 饱和 saturation, saturated 潜水位变化带 zone of variable phreatic level 气象因素 meteorological factor 饱水带 zone of saturation 包气带 aeration zone, zone of aeration 包气带水 aeration zone water 上层滞水 perched water 孔隙水 pore water 裂隙水 fissure water 岩溶水 karstic water 联合水 bound water, combined water 吸着水 hydroscopic water 薄膜水 pellicular water 毛细水 capillary water 重力水 gravitational water 凝固水 condensation water
地下水埋藏条件 condition of groundwater occurrence地下水埋藏深度 depth of groundwater occurrence 压水试验 packer permeability test 抽水试验 pumping test
5 物理力学性质 物理力学 physical mechanics n.
Physico-mechanicala. 折服准则 yield criteria
米赛斯折服准则 Von Mises yield criteria
朗肯土压力理论 Ranking’s earth pressure theory 剑桥模型 Cambridge model, Cam-model 邓肯 -张模型 Duncan-chang model 本构方程 constitutive equation 局部剪切损坏 local shear failure 整体剪切损坏 general shear failure 岩体完好性指数
intactness index of rock mass 4
安全系数
factor of safety
埋深 embedment depth 试件 coupons 挠度
deflection
里氏震级 Richter scale 设计烈度 design intensity 基本烈度 basic intensity 场所烈度 site intensity
地震烈度 seismic intensity, intensity scale 优秀周期 predominant period
持力层 sustained yield
超载
surcharge
围岩压力 surrounding rock stress 附带压力 superimposed stress 应力废弛 stress relaxation 应力路迳 stress path 卸荷 unload
浸透率 specific permeability 饱和度 degree of saturation 含水量 moisture content
均匀粒径 mean diameter
颗粒
grain, granule, particle
颗粒级配
distribution of grain-size,
grain composition, size distribution
级配 graduation,
grain-size distribution, gradation, grading
粒度 coarseness grain size, granularity, lump 不均匀系数 coefficient of non-uniformity,
variation coefficient, variation factor
颗粒分级 gradation, size grading 孔隙水 pore water 孔隙比 void ratio (ration) 缝隙率 air voids 孔隙率 porosity 裂隙率 crackity 溶隙率 karstity 密度 density 重度 unit weight, bulk weight 浮重度 buoyant unit weight 折减系数 reduction factor 压力消失 dissipation of pressure 抗力系数 coefficient of resistance 融化系数 softening coefficient 含水量 water content 稠度 consistency 塑限 plastic limit 液限 liquid limit 塑性指数 plasticity index 液性指数 liquidity index 流变 rheological 蠕变 creep 塑性 plastic 脆性 brittleness(fragility) 粘性 stickness 刚性 rigidity 弹性的 elastic 粘弹性 viso-elasticity 弹塑性 elasto-plasticity 压缩性 compressibility 均质性 homogeneity 非均质性 nonhomogeneity (heterogeneity) 各向同性 isotropy 各向异性 anisotropy 总应力 total stress
4
有效应力 effective stress 超孔隙水压力 excess pore pressure 孔隙水压力 pore water pressure 抗压强度 compressive strength 抗拉强度 tensile strength
抗剪强度 shear strength
不排水抗剪强度 undrained shear strenght 峰值抗剪强度 peak share strength 长久抗剪强度 long-term shear strength 剩余抗剪强度 residual shear strength 负摩擦力 negative skin friction, dragdown 摩擦角 angle of friction 内摩擦角 angle of internal friction 外摩擦角 angle of external friction 内聚力 cohesion 粘聚力 cohesion 假凝集力 pseudo-cohesion 粘着力 adhesion
摩尔圆
Mohr’s circle 包络线 envelope 休止角 angle of repose,
angle of friction(repose, rest), repose angle
峰值 peak 模量 modulus
弹性模量
modulus of elasticity , Young ’ s modulus, elastic modulus
压缩模量 modulus of compressibility 变形模量 modulus of deformation 卸荷模量 unloading modulus 切线模量 tangent modulus 剪切模量 shear modulus 割线模量 secant modulus 旁压模量 pressurmeter modulus
泊松比
poisson ’s ration 固结 consolidation 固结系数 coefficient of consolidation 固结度 degree of consolidation 超固结比 over consolidation ration
应变 strain 压缩比 compressibility ratio 压缩系数 coefficient of compressibility 压缩指数 compression index 初始曲线 virgin curve 正常固结土 normally consolidated soil 欠固结土 under-consolidated soil 超固结土 over-consolidated soil 被动土压力 passive earth pressure 主动土压力 active earth pressure 静止土压力 earth pressure at rest 覆盖压力 overburden pressure 初始应力 initial stress 地应力场 ground(geostatic) stress field 有效应力 effective stress 动应力 dynamic stress 动荷载 dynamic load 偏爱荷载 eccentric loads 循环荷载 inclined loads 地应力 ground stress, geostatic stress 初始应力 initial stress 应力场 stress field 纵波 longitudinal wave 液化势 liquefaction potential 液化指数 liquefaction index 交角
angular 5
岩石抗力系数 coefficient of rock resistance 允许承载力 allowable bearing capacity 临塑压力 critical pressure 接触压力 contact pressure
6 工程地责问题 工程地责问题 engineering geological problem 定性评论 qualitative estimate 定量评论 quantitative estimate 极限均衡法 limit equilibrium method 不良地质现象 unfavorable geological condition 风化 weathering 变形 deformation 位移 displacement 不均匀位移 differential movement 相对位移 relative displacement 沉陷 settlement 山崩 avalanche, toppling 倒塌 toppling, toppling collapse 滑坡、地滑 creep, slide 切层滑坡 insequent landslide 深层滑坡 deep slide 浅层滑坡 shallow slide 顺层滑坡 consequent landslide 滑动面
sliding surface, sliding plane, slip surface
滑动带 sliding zone 滑床 slide bed 滑坡体 slide(sliding) mass 古滑坡 fossil landslide 推移式滑坡 slumping slide 牵引式滑坡 retrogressive slide 管涌 piping, internal erosion 渗漏 leakage 流砂 quicksand 渗流 seepage 液化 liquefaction
7 工程勘探 engineering investigation 工程地质勘探 engineering geology investigation 岩土工程勘探 geotechnical investigation 工程地质条件 engineering geological condition 工程地质评论 engineering geological evaluation 勘察 survey
岩芯采纳率 core recovery, core extraction 岩芯获取率
RQD (岩石质量指标) rock quality designation 程序(步骤) procedure 勘探阶段 investigational stage 选点踏勘 reconnaissance 初步设计 primary design 初步规划 preliminary scheme 初步勘探 preliminary prospecting 初步踏勘 ground reconnaissance 可行性研究阶段feasibility stage 初步设计阶段 preliminary stage 施工阶段 construction sage 踏勘 reconnaissance, inspection 地质测绘 geological survey 工程地质测绘 engineering geological mapping 钻探 borehole operation, boring 物探 geophysical exploration 洞探 exploratory adits 钎探 rod sounding
5
钻杆
exploring mining trenching
drill rod
坑探
槽探
天然建材检查
natural materials surveying (examination)
岩土工程勘探报告 geotechnical investigation report
判定 identification, appraisal
判定书 expertise report
判定人 identifier, surveyor
校核 verification
总监 chief inspector
比率 proportion
地形图 geographic map
地貌图 geomorphological map
地质图 geological map
工程地质图 engineering geological map 实测地质剖面图
field-acquired geological profile(section)
结构地质图 geological structure map
第四纪地质图 quarternary geological map
地质详图 detail map of geology
地质柱状图 geologic columnar section, geologic log 钻孔柱状图 logs of bore hole
纵剖面图 longitudinal section
横剖面图 cross section
展现图 reveal detail map
节理玫瑰图 rose of joints
基岩等高线 bed rock contour
层底等高线 contour of stratum bottom
岩层界限 strata boundary
岩面高程 elevation of bed rock surface
坐标 coordinate
分层 bed separation
地质点 geological observation point
勘探点 exploratory point (spot)
勘探线 exploratory line
勘探孔 exploration hole
平洞 adit
竖井 riser, shaft, vertical shaft
探槽 exploratory trench
探井 exploratory pit
钻孔 borehole, drill hole
机钻孔 ordinary drill hole
套钻孔 sleeve drill hole
管钻孔 pipe drill hole
岩芯 core
岩芯钻探 core drilling
展转钻探(进) rotary drilling
冲击钻探 churn drilling, percussion drilling
钢砂钻探 shot drilling
铁砂钻进 iron shot drilling
跟管钻进 follow-down drilling
振动钻进 vibro-boring, vibro-drilling
泥浆钻探 mud flush drilling
金刚石钻进 diamond drilling
单动式 single acting
双层 double layer
空气钻探 air flush drilling
钻机 drilling rig
钻头 drill bit, drilling bit
螺旋钻头 auger
勺钻 spoon bit
冲击钻头 percussion bit, chopping bit
桶式钻头 bucket auger
6
套管
岩芯管
冲刷掖
正循环冲刷
反循环冲刷
泥浆
泥皮
护壁
止水
扫孔
钻进
平硐
竖井casing
core barrel flush fluid
direct circulation
reverse circulation
mud, slurry mud cake dado
seal, water seal
cleaning bottom of hole drilling adit shaft固结不排水剪试验
consolidated undrained test(consolidated quick test)
固结排水试验 consolidated drained test(slow test) 原位测试 in-situ test 现场监测 on-site(in-site) monitoring 现场检测 on-site (in-site) inspection 观察孔 observation borehole 静力触探试验 cone penetration test,
static penetration test, static cone test
标贯试验 standard penetration test 十字板剪切试验vane shear test, vane test 检层法 up-hole method, borehole method 旁压试验 pressuremeter test 动力触探试验
dynamic penetration test, dynamic sounding
钻探
drilling boring
8 工程地质试验 击实试验
compaction test 压缩试验
compression test 固结试验
consolidation test 单轴试验
uniaxial compression test 现场剪切试验
in-situ shear test 单剪试验
simple shear test 直剪试验
direct shear test 慢剪试验
slow test 单剪试验
simple shear test 快剪试验
quick test 三轴剪切试验
triaxial shear test 三轴压缩试验
triaxial compression test 动三轴试验
dynamic triaxial test 不固结不排水剪试验
unconsolidated undrained test(quick test) 点荷载试验 岩石试验 应力排除法 应力恢复法 套孔法 9 岩土体加固 掌子面
顶拱 底拱 洞室开挖 超挖 风钻 开挖断面 塌落 细骨料混凝土细骨料
6
point load test rock test stress relief method stress recovery method over-coring method
breast, driving face,
heading face, tunnel face vault invert excavation overbreak pneumatic drill excavated section slump concrete made with fine aggregate fine aggregate, fine adjustment 7
料场 stock ground 土料 earth material 矿渣 cinder, mineral water residue, scoria, slag 性能 function, performance, property, nature 凝固coagulate, congeal, congealment, coagulation 冻结法 freezing method
超载 over break 衬砌 lining 围堰 cofferdam 堤 dike 合格 初凝 初凝时间 终凝 配合比 塌落度 水化热
水灰比 粉煤灰 梅花状 发射 浇注 钢筋网 加固 锚杆 锚索 锚紧端 锚桩 采石场 开挖 清基 明挖 爆破 光面爆破 预裂法
10 水工概论坝址 坝踵 坝段 坝顶 坝肩 左坝肩 副坝 三坝址 标高
上游水位 正常库水位 地下洞室 压力隧洞 无压隧洞 交通洞 灌浆洞 明流洞 孔板洞 排砂洞 尾水洞 排水洞 导流洞 地道 围岩
围岩应力 应力集中 覆盖层 冒顶 底鼓 回弹 岩爆
qualified, on test, up to standard initial set initial setting time final set mix proportion slump heat of hydration,
hydration heat, setting heat water-cement ratio fly ash quincuncial pattern shotcrete pouring coiremesh reinforce anchored bar, rock bolt anchored cable anchor station anchored peg rock quarry excavation cleanup foundation open-cut explosion smooth blasting presplitting
toe of dam heel
monolith crest
shoulders
left dam abutment
saddle dam
the third dam site
height mark headwater
normal reservoir level
underground opening (tunnel)
pressure tunnel gravity tunnel
access tunnel grouting tunnel free-flow tunnel orifice tunnel
sediment tunnel tailrace tunnel drainage tunnel diversion tunnel
tunnel
surrounding rock, ambient rock secondary stress static stress concentrate over burden
cave in, roof fall bottom heave rebound rock burst
近坝岸坡 abutments
施工(缩短)缝 construction joint 心墙 core 截水墙 cutoff wall 防渗墙 diaphragm wall 排水井 drainage wells 排水幕 drainage curtain 减压井 relief wells 反滤层 filter zone 灌浆资料 grout 水力劈裂 hydraulic fracturing 帷幔线 curtain line 上游围堰 upstream cofferdam 混凝土防渗墙 concrete cutoff wall 截流 interim completion 导水墙 channel training wall
正常溢洪道渠首工程service spillway headwork 消力塘 lined plunge pool 隔墙 divider walls 混凝土护坦 concrete apron 副厂房 auxiliary power house 闸门室 gate chamber 中闸室 mid gate chamber 开关站 switch yard 电梯井 elevator shaft 尾沟渠 tail race 特别溢洪道 emergency spillway 11 桥梁及基础工程 江阴大桥 Jiangyin Bridge 悬索桥 suspension bridge 锚碇 anchorage 重力式嵌岩锚 gravity socketed anchorage 北锚碇前(后)锚面
front(back) surface of northern anchorage
塔墩 tower 墩 pier 散索鞍 splay saddle 猫道 footbridge 主缆 main cable 索股 cable strand 主鞍 main saddle, tower saddle 主跨 main span 边跨 side span 引桥 approach 钢箱梁 steel box main girder 埋深 embedment depth 北塔墩基础 north tower base 基础 foundation, footing 浅基础 shallow foundation 深基础 deep foundation 联合基础 combined footing 筏形基础 raft(mat) foundation 钢模 steel form 桩 pile 基桩 foundation pile 群桩 pile groups 桩基础 pile foundation 桩承台 pile cap
7
8
高桩承台 低桩承台 摩擦桩 端承桩 嵌岩桩 板桩 旋喷桩 灌输桩
沉管灌输桩 支护桩 刚性桩 柔性桩
侧向受荷桩 轴向受荷桩 high-rise pile cap
buried pile cap friction pile
end bearing pile socketed pile sheet pile
jet-grouted pile cast-in-place pile
driven cast-in-place pile soldier piles, tangent piles rigid pile flexible pile
laterally loaded pile axially loaded pile
12 监测仪器 观察孔 observation bore/hole 仪器观察 instrumentation 读数装置 readout device 传感器 transducer 探头 probe 压力盒 pressure cell 振弦式应变计 vibrating wire strain gauge 伸长计、变位计 extension meter 板式沉降仪 foundation base/pate 测斜仪 inclinometer 测压计,渗压计 piezometer 垂线 plumb 垂直度 plumbness
预制桩 振动打桩 振动钻进 沉箱
沉井(沉箱) 地下连续墙 支撑 超载
接触应力 井点降水
桩极限承载力 承载力 阻力
桩端阻力 表面摩擦力 粘着系数 负摩擦力 安全系数 压缩层 附带应力 持力层 地基土 临塑压力 剪切损坏 地基无效 冲剪损坏 渐进损坏 允许荷载 极限承载力 沉降 沉降差 尾部倾斜 倾斜
坑底隆起 静止土压力 稳固数 路堤
地基办理 垫层 加固 注浆 灌浆 帷幕 挡土墙 锚固 喷浆 锚杆 盲沟 振冲法
precast concrete pile
vibratory pile driving vibratory drilling caisson
(open) caisson
diaphragm wall, slurry wall bracing surcharge
contact pressure
well-point dewatering
ultimate bearing capacity of pile bearing capacity resistance
end resistance skin friction
adhesion factor
negative skin friction factor of safety
compressed layer
additional stress, superimposed stress bearing layer, sustaining layer foundation soil, subsoil
critical pressure shear failure
foundation failure punching failure progressive failure allowable load
ultimate bearing capacity settlement
differential settlement angular distortion tilting
bottom heave
earth pressure at rest
stability number embankment
ground treatment soil improvement cushion
stabilization injection guniting curtain
retaining wall anchoring guniting
earth anchor
French drain vibro jet
13 安全监控
靠谱性检查 reliability checking
监控模型 monitoring and prediction model 监测 monitoring 资料 datum, data 靠谱性 reliability 稳固性 stability 安全 safety
评估 evaluation, appraise
评定 assessment, assess, rate 评论准则 criterion 灾祸
hazard, calamity
确立性方法论 Deterministic methodology 应急行动计划 EAP(emergency action plan) 事故 accident 紧迫状态 emergency
紧迫检查 emergency inspection 灾情等级 hazard classification 灾祸评论 hazard evaluation 风险评估
risk assessment
静力( Static Analysis ) 动力( Dynamic Analysis ) 蠕变( Creep Material Model ) 渗流( Fluid-mechanical Interaction )
热力学( Thermal Option )
headward erosion 溯源侵害 scouring of levee or bank 淘刷
strongly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellar weakly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellar
of continually aftershocks of 7 or 8-degree intensity
Evidently 显然的
Correspondingly adv. 相应地 ; 有关地 ; 同样地 the hanging wall of triggering seismic fault oblique~bedding bank slope
专 业 外 语(为方便记忆 ,跟上边稍有重复 ) 一. 综合类
8
9
1. 2. 3. 4.
geotechnical engineering 岩土工程 foundation engineering 基础工程 soil, earth 土
soil mechanics 土力学
cyclic loading 周期荷载 unloading 卸载 reloading 再加载
viscoelastic found 粘弹性 viscous damping 粘滞阻尼 shear modulus 剪切模量
soil dynamics 土动力学 stress path 应力路径
0 coefficient
12. pseudo-dynamic test for K k k permeability in horizontal
and
h , v
13.
14. 15. 16.
地基
vertical directions, respectively N blow count ,standard penetration test OCR over-consolidation ratio pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test effective overburden pressure
p
0
5. 6.
17. p s specific 18. resistance ,from static cone test
q
cone penetration
unconfined compressive strengt
u h
19. U,U m degree of
二.
土的分类
1. residual soil 残积土
groundwater level
地下水位
2. groundwater地下水
groundwater
table
地下水位
3. clay minerals 黏土矿物
4. secondary minerals 次生矿物
5. landslides 滑坡
6. bore hole columnar section 钻孔柱状图
7. engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘探
8. boulder 漂石
9. cobble 卵石
10. gravel 砂石
11. gravelly sand 砾砂
12. coarse sand粗砂
13. medium sand 中砂
14. fine sand 细砂
15. silty sand 粉土
16. clayey soil 粘性土
17. clay 黏土
18. silty clay 粉质黏土
19. silt 粉土
20. sandy silt 砂质粉土
21. clayey silt 粘质粉土
22. saturated soil 饱和土
23. unsaturated soil 非饱和土 24. fill (soil) 填土
三.
土的基本物理力学性质
1. cc Compression index
2. cu undrained shear strength
3. cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective
overburden stress p0
(cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated
normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively
4. cvane cohesive strength from vane test 5. e0 natural void ratio plasticity index
6. Ip
7. K0
coefficient
“ at-rest ” pressure ,for total stressesσ1andσ 2
8. K0’
σ2
do main for effective stresses σ 1
‘and ’ 9. K0n
K0 for normally consolidated state 10. K0u
K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating
instantaneous loading or an undrained condition 11.
K0d K 0 coefficient under cyclic
loading (frequency less than 1 Hz),as a
四.
五 .地基应力和变形
9
consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen 20. u ,ub ,um pore pressure, subscripts b and m
denote bottom of specimen and mean value,
21. respectively
w
w
wnatural water content, liquid and
0 L p
22. plastic limits, respectively σ ,σ
principal stresses, σ
‘andσ ’
1 2
1
2
denote effective principal stresses
浸透性和渗流
1. Darcy ’ s law 达西定律
2. piping 管涌 3. flowing soil 流土 4. sand boiling 砂沸 5. flow net 流网 6. seepage浸透(流) 7. leakage 渗流 8. seepage (force) pressure浸透压力 9. permeability 浸透性 10. hydraulic gradient 水力梯度 11.
coefficient of permeability 浸透系数
1. soft soil 软土 2. (negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩(负)
摩阻力 3. effective stress 有效应力 total stress 总应力 4. field vane shear strength 十字板抗剪强度 5. low activity 低活性 6. sensitivity 敏捷度 7. triaxial test 三轴试验 8. foundation design 基础设计 9. recompaction 再压缩 10. bearing capacity 承载力 11. soil mass 土体 12. contact pressure 接触应力 13. concentrated load 集中荷载 14. a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无穷弹性体 15. homogeneous 均质 16. isotropic 各向同性 17.of strip footing 条基 18. square spread footing 方形独立基础 19. underlying soil (stratum ,strata) 下卧层(土) 20. dead load =sustained load 恒载 连续荷载
21. live load 活载 22. short –term transient load 短期刹时荷载 23. long-term transient load 长久荷载 24. reduced load 折算荷载 25. settlement 沉降 deformation 变形 26. casing 套管 27. dike=dyke 堤(防) 28. clay fraction 粘粒粒组 29. physical properties 物理性质 30. subgrade路基 31. well-graded soil 级配优秀土 32. poorly-graded soil 级配不良土 33. sieve 筛子
34.
Mohr-Coulomb failure condition 摩尔 -库仑损坏
条件
35. FEM=finite element method 有限元法 36. limit equilibrium method 极限均衡法 37. pore water pressure 孔隙水压力
38. preconsolidation pressure 先期固结压力 39. modulus of compressibility 压缩模量 40. coefficent of compressibility 压缩系数 41. compression index 压缩指数 42. swelling index 回弹指数 43. geostatic stress自重应力 44. additional stress 附带应力 45. total stress 总应力 46. final settlement 最后沉降 47.
slip line 滑动线
六.基坑开挖与降水 1. excavation 开挖(挖方) 2. dewatering (基坑)降水 3. failure of foundation 基坑失稳
4. bracing of foundation pit 基坑围护
5. bottom heave=basal heave (基坑)底隆起 6. retaining wall 挡土墙
7. pore-pressure distribution 孔压散布 8. dewatering method 降低地下水位法 9. well point system 井点系统(轻型) 10. deep well point 深井点 11. vacuum well point 真空井点 12. braced cuts 支撑围护
braced excavation 支撑开挖
braced sheeting 支撑挡板 七.深基础 deep foundation
1. pile foundation 桩基础
1) cast –in-place 灌输桩
diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉管灌注桩
bored pile 钻孔桩 special-shaped cast-in-place pile 机控
异型灌输桩
piles set into rock 嵌岩灌输桩
rammed bulb pile 夯扩桩
2) belled pier foundation 钻孔墩基础
drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩
under-reamed bored pier
3) precast concrete pile 预制混凝土桩 4) steel pile 钢桩
steel pipe pile 钢管桩
steel sheet pile 钢板桩
5) prestressed concrete pile 预应力混凝土桩
prestressed concrete pipe pile 预应力混凝土 管桩
2. caisson foundation 沉井(箱)
3. diaphragm wall 地下连续墙
截水墙 4. friction pile 摩擦桩
end-bearing pile 端承桩 5. (pile)shaft 桩身
6. wave equation analysis 颠簸方程剖析 7. pile caps 承台(桩帽)
8. bearing capacity of single pile 单桩承载力
9. lateral pile load test 单桩横向载荷试验
八.
10
10
10. ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 单桩横向
极限承载力 11. static load test of pile 单桩竖向静荷载试验 12. vertical allowable load capacity 单桩竖向允许承
载力 13. low pile cap 低桩承台 14. high-rise pile cap 高桩承台 15. vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 单
桩抗拔极限承载力 16. silent piling 静力压桩 17. uplift pile 抗拔桩 18. anti-slide pile 抗滑桩 19. pile groups 群桩 20. efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效率系数
(η) 21. efficiency of pile groups 群桩效应 22. dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术 23. final set 最后贯入度 24. dynamic load test of pile 桩动荷载试验 25.桩的完好性试验 pile integrity test
26. pile head=butt 桩头
27. pile tip=pile point=pile toe 桩端(头) 28. pile spacing 桩距 29. pile plan 桩位部署图
30. arrangement of piles =pile layout 桩的部署 31. group action 群桩作用 32. end bearing=tip resistance 桩端阻
33. skin(side) friction=shaft resistance 桩侧阻 34. pile cushion 桩垫
35. pile driving(by vibration) 打桩(振动) 36. pile pulling test 拔桩试验 37. pile shoe 桩靴 38. pile noise 打桩噪音
39. pile rig 打桩机 地基办理 ( ground treatment)
1.
technical code for ground treatment of building 建 筑地基办理技术规范 2. cushion 垫层法 3. preloading 预压法 4. dynamic compaction 强夯法 5. dynamic compaction replacement 强夯置换法 6. vibroflotation method 振冲法 7.
sand-gravel pile 砂石桩 pile-stone column 砂石桩 8.
cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG) 水泥粉煤灰碎石 桩 9. cement mixing method 水泥土搅拌桩 10. cement column 水泥桩 11. lime pile (lime column) 石灰桩 12. jet grouting 高压发射注浆法 13. rammed-cement-soil pile 夯实水泥土桩法 14.
lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩 lime-soil compacted column 灰土挤密桩 lime soil pile 灰土挤密桩 15. chemical stabilization 化学加固法 16. surface compaction 表层压实法 17.
surcharge preloading 超载预压法 vacuum preloading 真空预压法 18. sand wick 袋装砂井 19. geofabric ,geotextile 土工织物 20. composite foundation 复合地基 21. reinforcement method 加筋法 22. dewatering method 降低地下水固结法 23.
freezing and heating 冷热办理法
24. expansive ground treatment 膨胀土地基办理 25. ground treatment in mountain area 山区地基办理
26. collapsible loess treatment 湿陷性黄土地基办理 27.
artificial foundation 人工地基
natural foundation 天然地基
28. pillow 褥垫
29. soft clay ground 软土地基
30. sand drain 砂井
31. root pile 树根桩
32. plastic drain 塑料排水带 33. stone column 碎石桩
gravel pile 碎石桩 34. replacement ratio(复合地基)置换率 九.固结
consolidation
1. Terzzaghi ’ s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论
2. Barraon ’ s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论
3. Biot ’ s consolidation theory比奥固结理论
4. over consolidation ration (OCR) 超固结比
5. overconsolidation soil 超固结土
6. excess pore water pressure超孔压力
7. multi-dimensional consolidation 多维固结
8. one-dimensional consolidation 一维固结
9. primary consolidation 主固结
10. secondary consolidation 次固结
11. degree of consolidation 固结度
12. consolidation test 固结试验
13. consolidation curve 固结曲线
14. time factor T v 时间因子
15. coefficient of consolidation 固结系数
16. preconsolidation pressure 先期固结压力
17. principle of effective stress 有效应力原理 18. consolidation under K 0 condition K 0 固结十.抗剪强度 shear strength
1. undrained shear strength 不排水抗剪强度
2. residual strength 剩余强度
3. long-term strength 长久强度
4. peak strength 峰值强度
5. shear strain rate 剪切应变强度
6. dilatation 剪胀 7. effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗
剪强度有效应力法 8. total stress approach of shear strength 抗剪强度
总应力法
9. Mohr-Coulomb theory 莫尔-库仑理论
10. angle of internal friction 内摩擦角
11. cohesion 粘聚力
12. failure criterion 损坏准则
13. vane strength 十字板抗剪强度
14. unconfined compression 无侧限抗压强度
15. effective stress failure envelop 有效应力损坏包
线 16.本构模型
effective stress strength parameter 十一 .
constitutive method
1. elastic model 弹性模型
2. nonlinear elastic model 非线性弹性模型
3. elastoplastic model 弹塑性模型
4. viscoelastic model 粘弹性模型
5. boundary surface model 界限面模型
6. Duncan-Chang model 邓肯-张模型
7. rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型
8. cap model 盖帽模型
9. work softening 加工融化
10. work hardening 加工硬化 11. Cambridge model 剑桥模型
11
12. ideal elastoplastic model 理想弹塑性模型
13. Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion 莫尔-库仑折服准
则
14. yield surface 折服面 15. elastic half-space foundation model 弹性半空间地
基模型
16. elastic modulus 弹性模量 17. Winkler foundation model 文克尔地基模型
十二 .地基承载力 bearing capacity of foundation soil
1. punching shear failure 冲剪损坏
2. general shear failure 整体剪切破化
3. local shear failure 局部剪切损坏
4. state of limit equilibrium 极限均衡状态
5. critical edge pressure 临塑荷载
6. stability of foundation soil 地基稳固性
7. ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil 地
基极限承载力 8. allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基
允许承载力
十三
.土压力 earth pressure
1. active earth pressure 主动土压力
2. passive earth pressure被动土压力
3. earth pressure at rest静止土压力
4. Coulomb ’ searth pressure theory 库仑土压力理
论 5. Rankine ’ s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论
十四 .土坡稳固剖析 slope stability analysis
1. angle of repose 休止角
2. Bishop method 毕肖普法
3. safety factor of slope 边坡稳固安全系数
4. Fellenius method of slices 费纽伦斯条分法
5. Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧滑动法
6. slices method 十五 .挡土墙 retaining wall
1. stability of retaining wall 挡土墙稳固性
2. foundation wall 基础墙
3. counter retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙
4. cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙
5. cantilever sheet pile wall 悬臂式板桩墙
6. gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙
7. anchored plate retaining wall 锚定板挡土墙 8. anchored sheet pile wall 锚定板板桩墙 十六 .板桩结构物 sheet pile structure
1. steel sheet pile 钢板桩
2. reinforced concrete sheet pile 钢筋混凝土板桩
3. steel piles 钢桩
4. wooden sheet pile 木板桩 5. timber piles 木桩
十七 .浅基础 shallow foundation
1. box foundation 箱型基础
2. mat(raft) foundation 片筏基础
3. strip foundation 条形基础
4. spread footing 扩展基础
5. compensated foundation 赔偿性基础
6. bearing stratum 持力层
7. rigid foundation 刚性基础
8. flexible foundation 柔性基础
9. embedded depth of foundation 基础埋置深度
10. net foundation pressure 基底附带应力
11. structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis 上 部结构-基础-地基共同作用剖析
十八
.土的动力性质 dynamic properties of soils
1. dynamic strength of soils 动强度 11 2. wave velocity method 波速法
3. material damping 资料阻尼 4. geometric damping 几何阻尼 5. damping ratio 阻尼比
6. initial liquefaction 初始液化
7. natural period of soil site 地基固有强度 8. dynamic shear modulus of soils 动剪切强度 9. dynamic magnification factor 动力放大因素 10. liquefaction strength 抗液化强度 11. dimensionless frequency 无量纲频次 12. evaluation of liquefaction 液化势评论
13. stress wave in soils 土中应力波 14. dynamic settlement 振幅
十九 .动力机器基础
1.
equivalent lumped parameter method 等效集总参
数法
2. dynamic subgrade reaction method 动基床反力 法
3. vibration isolation 隔振
4. foundation vibration 基础振动
5. elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration
基础振动弹性半空间理论
6. allowable amplitude of foundation 基础振动频次 振幅
7. natural frequency of foundation 基础自震频次 二十 .地基基础抗震
1. earthquake engineering 地震工程 2. soil dynamics 土动力学
3. duration of earthquake 地震连续时间
4. earthquake response spectrum地震反响谱 5. earthquake intensity 地震烈度 6. earthquake magnitude 震级
7. seismic predominant period 地震优秀周期
8.
maximum acceleration of earthquake 地震最大加
快度
二十一
.室内土工实验 1. high pressure consolidation test 高压固结试验 2. consolidation under K 0 condition K 0 固结试验 3. falling head permeability 变水头试验
4. constant head permeability 常水头浸透试验
5. unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test 不固结不排 水试验
6. consolidated undrained triaxial test 固结不排水试 验
7. consolidated drained triaxial test 固结排水试验 8. compaction test 击实试验
9.
consolidated quick direct shear test 固结快剪试 验
10. quick direct shear test 快剪试验
11. consolidated drained direct shear test 慢剪试验 12. sieve analysis 筛剖析
13. geotechnical model test 土工模型试验 14. centrifugal model test 离心模型试验 15. direct shear apparatus 直剪仪 16. direct shear test 直剪试验
17. direct simple shear test 直接单剪试验
18. dynamic triaxial test 三轴试验 19. dynamic simple shear 动单剪
20.
free( resonance) vibration column test 自 (共 )
振柱试验
二十二
.原位测试 1. standard penetration test(SPT)
标准灌入试验 2. surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验
3. dynamic penetration test(DPT)
动力触探试验 4.
static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验
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5.
plate loading test
静力荷载试验 6. lateral load test of pile
单桩横向载荷试验 7. static load test of pile
单桩竖向荷载试验 8. cross-hole test
跨孔试验 9. screw plate test
螺旋板载荷试验 10. pressuremeter test 旁压试验
11. light sounding
轻巧触探试验 12. deep settlement measurement深层沉降观察
13. vane shear test
十字板剪切试验 14. field permeability test
现场浸透试验 15.
in-site pore water pressure measurement原位 孔隙水压量测
16. in-site soil test
原位试验 -over-
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