翻译：
旗袍（qipao）是一种雅致的中国服装，源于中国的满族（ManchuNationality）。在清代，旗袍是王室女性穿着的宽松长袍。上世纪20年代，受西方服饰影响，旗袍发生了一些变化。袖口（cuffs）变窄，袍身变短。这些变化使中国女性美得以充分展现。
如今，旗袍经常出现在世界级的时装秀上。中国女性出席重要社交聚会时，旗袍往往是她们的首选。很多中国新娘也会选择旗袍作为结婚礼服。一些有影响的人士甚至建议将旗袍作为中国女性的民族服饰。
中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创 新研究。这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学、从新能源到机器人等高科技领域。它们还与各地的科技园合作，是创新成果商业化。与此同时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求。
深圳是中国广东省一座新开发的城市。在改革开放之前，深圳不过是一个渔村，仅有三万多人。20世纪80年代，中国政府创建了深圳经济特区，作为实施社会主义市场经济的超过实验田。如今，深圳的人口已经超过1，000万，整个城市发生了巨大的变化。
到2014年，深圳的人均（per-capita）GDP已达25，000美元，相当于世界上一些发达国家的水平。就综合经济实力而言，深圳居于中国顶尖城市之列。由于其独特的地位，深圳也是国内外企业家创业的理想之地。
阅读：
Section A
Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are requiredto select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bankfollowing the passage.Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark thecorresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more thanonce.
Pursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development.“Theadolescent becomes an adult when he_26_a real job.”To cognitiveresearchers like Piaget,adulthood meant the beginning of an_27_.Piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work,their newlyacquired ability to form hypotheses allows them to create representationsthat are too ideal.The_28_of such ideals,without the tempering of the realityof a job or profession,rapidly leads adolescents to become _29_ of the non-idealistic world and to press for reform in a characteristically adolescentway.Piaget said:“True adaptation to society comes_30_when the adolescentreformer attempts to put his ideas to work.”
Of course,youthful idealism is often courageous,and no one likes to give updreams.Perhaps,taken_31_out of context,Piaget’s statement seemsharsh.What he was_32_，however,is the way reality can modify idealisticviews.Some people refer to such modification as maturity.Piaget argued thatattaining and accepting a vocation is one of the best ways to modifyidealized views and to mature.
As careers and vocations become less available during times of_33_,adolescents may be especially hard hit.Such difficult economic timesmay leave many adolescents_34_about their roles in society.For thisreason,community interventions and government job programs that offersummer and vacation work are not only economically_35_but also help tostimulate the adolescent’s sense of worth.A)automatically I)incidentallyB)beneficial J)intolerantC)capturing K)occupationD)confused L)promisesE)emphasizing M)recessionF)entrance N)slightly
G)excited O)undertakesH)existenceSection B
Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with tenstatements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in oneof the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information isderived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph ismarked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 2.
Can societies be rich and green?
[A]“If our economies are to flourish,if global poverty is to be eliminated andif the well-being of the world’s people enhanced—not just in this generationbut in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of thenatural environment and resources on which our economic activitydepends.”That statement comes not,as you might imagine,from astereotypical tree-hugging,save-the-world greenie(环保主义者),but fromGordon Brown,a politician with a reputation for rigour,thoroughness andabove all,caution.
[B]A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world’s most powerful
economies to say?Perhaps;though in the run-up to the five-year review ofthe Millennium(千年的)Goals,he is far from alone.The roots of hisspeech,given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment andenergy ministers from the G20 group of nations,stretch back to 1972,andthe United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.[C]“The protection and improvement of the human environment is a majorissue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic developmentthroughout the world,”read the final declaration from this gathering,the firstof a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago.
[D]Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and developmentgroups—many for conferences such as this year’s Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection andeconomic progress is a common thread.
[E]Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploitingthem,according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.But finding hardevidence to support the thesis is not so easy.Thoughts turn first to some sortof global statistic,some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations inboth economic and environmental terms and show a relationship betweenthe two.
[F]If such an indicator exists,it is well hidden.And on reflection,this is notsurprising;the single word“environment”has so many dimensions,and thereare so many other factors affecting wealth—such as the oil deposits—thatteasing out a simple economy-environment relationship would be almostimpossible.
[G]The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment,a vast four-year global studywhich reported its initial conclusions earlier this year,found reasons tobelieve that managing ecosystems sustainably—working with nature rather
than against it—might be less profitable in the short term,but certainlybrings long-term rewards.
[H]And the World Resources Institute(WRI)in its World Resources 2005report,issued at the end of August,produced several such examples fromAfrica and Asia;it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affectsthe poor more than the rich,as poorer people derive a much higherproportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them.[I]But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing theenvironment,in rich and poor parts of the world alike,whether throughunregulated mineral extraction,drastic water use for agriculture,slash-and-burn farming,or fossil-fuel-guzzling(大量消耗)transport.Of course,suchgrowth may not persist in the long term—which is what Mr.Brown and theStockholm declaration were both attempting to point out.Perhaps the bestexample of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery.Foralmost five centuries a very large supply of cod(鳕鱼)provided abundant rawmaterial for an industry which at its peak employed about 40,000people,sustaining entire communities in Newfoundland.Then,abruptly,thecod population collapsed.There were no longer enough fish in the sea forthe stock to maintain itself,let alone an industry.More than a decadelater,there was no sign of the ecosystem re-building itself.Ithad,apparently,been fished out of existence;and the once mightyNewfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor.[J]There is a view that modern humans are inevitably sowing the seed of aglobal Grand Banks-style disaster.The idea is that we are taking more out ofwhat you might call the planet’s environmental bank balance than it cansustain;we are living beyond our ecological means.One recent studyattempted to calculate the extent of this“ecological overshoot of the humaneconomy”,and found that we are using 1.2 Earth’s-worth of environmental
goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt willbe called in,and all those services—the things which the planet does for usfor free—will grind to a halt.
[K]Whether this is right,and if so where and when the ecological axe willfall,is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments andfinancial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into theireconomic calculations.It is also the reason why development agencies arenot united in their view of environmental issues;while some,like theWRI,maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand witheconomic development,others argue that the priority is to build a thrivingeconomy,and then use the wealth created to tackle environmentaldegradation.
[L]This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care.Butis this right?Do things get better or worse as we get richer? Here theStockholm declaration is ambiguous.“In the developing countries,”itsays,“most of the environmental problems are caused by under-development.”So it is saying that economic development should make for acleaner world?Not necessarily;“In the industralised countries,environmentalproblems are generally related to industrialisation and technologicaldevelopment,”it continues.In other words,poor and rich both over-exploitthe natural world,but for different reasons.It’s simply not true thateconomic growth will surely make our world cleaner.
[M]Clearly,richer societies are able to provide environmental improvementswhich lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities.Citizens of wealthynations demand national parks,clean rivers,clean air and poison-freefood.They also,however,use far more natural resources-fuel,water(all thosebaths and golf courses)and building materials.
[N]A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems,the
most graphic example being climate change.As a country’s wealth grows,sodo its greenhouse gas emissions.The figures available will not be completelyaccurate.Measuring emissions is not a precise science, particularly when itcomes to issues surrounding land use;not all nations have re-leased up-to-date data,and in any case,emissions from some sectors such as aviation arenot included in national statistics.But the data is exact enough for a cleartrend to be easily discernible.As countries become richer,they produce moregreenhouse gases;and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poorparts of the world.
[O]Wealth is not,of course,the only factor involved.The average Norwegianis better off than the average US citizen,but contributes about half as muchto climate change.But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cutits emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels?That question,repeatedacross a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet,is whatwill ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond itsecological means as it pursues economic revival.
36.Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited theenvironment for economic progress.
37.Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over theworld.
38.It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our worldcleaner.
39.The common theme of the UN reports is the relation betweenenvironmental protection and economic growth.
40.Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environmentissues while ensuring economic progress.
41.It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendlinessgenerates more profits than exploiting the natural environment.
42.Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the longrun.
43.A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable humandevelopment depends on the natural environment.
44.Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations’ economicdevelopment.
45.One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of naturalresources on Earth.Section C
Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed bysome questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice andmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throughthe centre.Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Interactive television advertising, which allows viewers to use their remotecontrols to click on advertisements, has been pushed for years. Nearly adecade ago it was predicted that viewers of “Friends”, a popular situationcomedy, would soon be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Aniston’swith a few taps on their remote control.“It’s been the year of interactivetelevision advertising for the last ten or twelve years,”says Colin Dixon of adigital-media consultancy.
So the news that Cablevision, and American cable company, was rolling outinteractive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greetedwith some skepticism. During commercials, an overlay will appear at thebottom of the screen, prompting viewers to press a button to request a freesample or order a catalogue. Cablevision hopes to allow customers to buy
things with their remote controls early next year.
Television advertising could do with a boost. Spending fell by 10% in the firsthalf of the year. The popularization of digital video recorders has causedadvertisers to worry that their commercials will be skipped. Some areturning to the Internet, which is cheaper and offers concrete measurementslike click-through rates—especially important at a time when marketingbudgets are tight. With the launch of interactive advertising,“many of thedollars that went to the Internet will come back to the TV,”says David Klineof Cablevision. Or so the industry hopes.
In theory, interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that 30-second spots do not. Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for itsAxe deodorant（除臭剂），which kept viewers engaged for more thanthree minutes on average.
The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small.Magna, an advertising agency, reckons it will be worth about $138 millionthis year. That falls far short of the billions of dollars people once expected itto generate. But DirecTV, Comcast and Time Warner Cable have all investedin it. A new effort led by Canoe Ventures, a coalition of leading cableproviders, aims to make interactive advertising available across Americalater this year. BrightLine iTV, Which designs and sells interactive ads, saysinterest has surged: it expects its revenues almost to triple this year. BSkyB,Britain’s biggest satellite-television service, already provides 9 millioncustomers with interactive ads.
Yet there are doubts whether people watching television, a“leanback”medium, crave interaction. Click-through rates have been high sofar(around 3-4%, compared with less than 0.3% online), but that may be aresult of the novelty. Interactive ads and viewers might not go well together.46.What does Colin Dixon mean by saying“It’s been the year of interactive
television advertising for the last ten or twelve years”(Lines 4-5, Para.1)?A)Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.
B)Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the lastdecade or so.
C)Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated intosituation comedies.
D)Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.47.What is the public’s response to Cablevision’s planned interactive TVadvertising program?
A)Pretty positive.B)Totally indifferent.C)Somewhat doubtful.D)Rather critical.
48.What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TVadvertising?
A)It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers.B)It helps advertisers to measure the click-through rates.C)It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.D)It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease.
49.What do we learn about Unilever’s interactive campaign?A)It proves the advantage of TV advertising.B)It has done well in engaging the viewers.
C)It helps attract investments in the company.D)it has boosted the TV advertising industry.
50.How does the author view the hitherto high click-through rates?A)They may be due to the novel way of advertising.B)They signify the popularity of interactive advertising.C)They point to the growing curiosity ofTV viewers.
D)They indicate the future direction of media reform.Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
What can be done about mass unemployment? All the wise heads agree:there’re no quick or easy answers. There’s work to be done, but workersaren’t ready to do it—they’re in the wrong places, or they have the wrongskills, Our problems are“structural,”and will take many years to solve.
But don’t bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view. There isn’tany. On the contrary, all the facts suggest that high unemployment inAmerica is the result of inadequate demand. saying that there’re no easyanswers sounds wise. But it’s actually foolish: our unemployment crisis couldbe cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will toact. In other words, structural unemployment is a fake problem, whichmainly serves as an excuse for not pursing real solutions.
The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector, while thenumber of workers forced into part-time employment in almost allindustries has soared. Unemployment has surged in every majoroccupational category. Only three states. With a combined population notmuch larger than that of Brooklyn, have unemployment rates below 5%. Sothe evidence contradicts the claim that we’re mainly suffering fromstructural unemployment. Why, then, has this claim become so popular?Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of highunemployment—in part because experts and analysts believe that declaringthe problem deeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them soundserious.
I’ve been looking at what self-proclaimed experts were saying aboutunemployment during the Great Depression; it was almost identical to whatVery Serious People are saying now. Unemployment cannot be brought
down rapidly, declared one 1935 analysis, because the workforceis“unadaptable and untrained. It cannot respond to the opportunities whichindustry may offer.”A few years later, a large defense buildup finallyprovided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economy’s needs—and suddenlyindustry was eager to employ those“unadaptable and untrained”workers.But now, as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the wholeidea of government action on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy.And that, fundamentally, is why claims that we face huge structuralproblems have been multiplying: they offer a reason to do nothing about themass unemployment that is crippling out economy and our society.
So what you need to know is that there’s no evidence whatsoever to backthese claims. We aren’t suffering from a shortage of needed skills, We’resuffering from a lack of policy resolve. As I said, structural unemploymentisn’t a real problem, it’s an excuse—a reason not to act on America’sproblems at a time when action is desperately needed.
51.What does the author think is the root cause of mass unemployment inAmerica?
A)Corporate mismanagement.B)Insufficient demand.C)Technological advances.D)Workers’ slow adaptation.
52.What does the author think of the experts’ claim concerningunemployment?A)Self-evident.
B)Thought-provoking.C)Irrational.D)Groundless.
53.What does the author say helped bring down unemployment during the
Great Depression?
A)The booming defense industry.B)The wise heads’ benefit package.
C)Nationwide training of workers.
D)Thorough restructuring of industries.
54.What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply?A)Powerful opposition to government’s stimulus efforts.B)Very Serious People’s attempt to cripple the economy.C)Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries.D)Economists’ failure to detect the problems in time.55.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A)To testify to the experts’ analysis of America’s problems.B)To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment.C)To show the urgent need for the government to take action.D)To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation.
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